同位语,主语,宾语从句
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主语从句与宾语从句一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称:主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。
这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。
主从:一个句子充当大句子的主语,就叫主语从句。
例如;What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语)It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.(It是形式主语,真正的主语是that 从句。
)主语从句的位置有两种,一种是放于句首;一种是用It 作形式主语,从句被放后面。
二、宾语从句:一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。
He asked me how old I was .She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.(It 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
)考点一:语序What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。
I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。
名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。
删除疑问语序(be /助动词、情态动词+主语)考点二:引导词That(没成分)That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语,that不能丢。
)Whether /if (有时互换,主语从句只能用wheather引导,不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。
)Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather .疑问代词:what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分What he has is just money.(在从句中有成分作宾语)疑问副词:where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet.That:引导名词性从句时无成分,无词义,有时可以省略。
名词性从句的概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句如果一个从句在一个句子中充当主语,这个从句就叫主语从句。
主语从句可以直接放在句首;也可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
主语从句可以用连词that,whether,连接代词what,who,which,连接副词when, where,how,why等引导。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知,光沿直线传播。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting.我们什么时候开运动会仍然是一个问题。
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.他来参加讨论是确定无疑的。
Whether we discuss the question has yet to be decided.我们是否讨论这个问题还有待决定。
What you bought is an interesting book.你所买的是本有趣的书。
Whenever you come is all right.不管你什么时候来都行。
主语从句的语序与陈述句语序相同,即采用“主语+谓语动词+其他”这样的模式。
宾语从句的结构在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
1.由that引导的宾语从句that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接主句和从句的作用。
that不用翻译出来,(在口语当中)常可省略。
We all know that we don't have enough medicine.我们都知道我们缺药。
She said that she would drop maths.她说她要放弃数学。
英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解[整理版]主语从句即一个句子作主语如:what he said is true. what he said是一个句子具备最短的句子所应有的主语(he)和谓语动词(said)。
又应有what引导词所以做从句,又Is 是大句子中的谓语动词,在主句中,所以其前的成分为主语,主语是一个句子,叫做主语从句。
宾语从句和主语从句同理,事不过宾语从句是在谓语动词后的句子,谓语后的成分是宾语。
如: He said that the girl is beautiful. that the girl is beautiful为宾语从句,做动词said后的宾语。
表语从句依然如此,只是动词为系动词或感官动词,动词后为表语从句。
如:He is who I am looking for. who I am looking for. 为表语从句,做系动词is的表语。
前几种句子均为名词性从句,引导词指人用who whose whom,指物用which,what。
其中which有范围 what没范围。
连接副词有:when where why how四种。
如:I don't know where he is going.(宾从)定语从句为形容词性从句,即一个句子像一个形容词,修饰一个名词或代词,而被修饰的词在句子前面,叫做先行词。
如:The girl who wears a red coat is my classmate. 其中who wears a red coat 是定语从句,修饰the girl, 所以the girl为先行词,主句为The girl is my classmate。
定语从句引导词指人和名词性从句相同,who whose whom;指物只用which,没有what;that 即指人又指物。
关系副词没有how 即 when,where,why.如: The year when I arrived there is 2000. (when I arrived there为从句)状语从句考点比较简单,记住他引导词的意思就行了,如时间是when while 等,地点是where wherever,原因是why 结果because等就可以了英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解一(主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。
名词性从句专项一、知识梳理/提炼要点一:句子的分类根据句子的结构可分为:①简单句——一主一谓。
②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个(以上)的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句(一个或以上)构成。
根据从句在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
要点二:名词性从句总述1. 主语从句——在句中作主语,可用it作形式主语,把真正的从句放在句尾。
如:It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。
主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数。
What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。
如:What he needs is that book?What he needs are some book?主语从句常用的结构有:It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear… that…It is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder… that…It doesn’t’t matter whether…It seems\appears that…It happens that…2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语,引导词that 一般可以省略,还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。
如:The question is who can complete the difficult task.问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。
3.同位语从句——跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。
名词主要有:fact, news (word), promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。
从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句 6 类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这 4 种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句( Subject Clause ):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关系词有隶属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句( Predicative Clause ):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关系词与引导主语从句的关系词多半相同。
3. 宾语从句( Object Clause ):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 宾语从句分为三类 : 动词的宾语从句 , 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.4.同位语从句( Appositive Clause ):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后边,用以说明该名词表示的详尽内容。
其关系词多为that 。
状语从句还可以够够分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方向状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能够够用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①隶属连词连接宾语从句的隶属连词主要有that ,if ,whether. that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if 和 whether 引导表示“可否”的宾语从句 . 例句:He told that he would go to the college the nextyear 他告诉我他下一年上大学 .I don ’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道可否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever除了指疑问外,也能够指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗③连接副词连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn ’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都猜想他们会赢 , 由于他们的队员更强壮.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.make sure 保证 make up one ’s mind下信心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前保证没有任何错误.四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词 find,feel,consider,make,believe 形式宾语而将 that宾语从句后置.等后边有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用 it做例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会 , 感觉特别遗憾 . ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it 这类动词主要有 :hate,take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食品时说话.五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在议论可否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 .I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一无所知 .六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能够够带宾语,更不能够够带宾语从句。
高考英语名词性从句知识讲解名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子,功能相当于名词词组。
名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中,作主语的句子称为主语从句。
常见的连接词:(连接词在句中不能省略)that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。
【用法】1.连接词 that 引导That we should learn English well is very important.主语从句中 we should learn English well句子完整,不缺成分,用that引导,that 不能省连接词whether,if 引导whether 引导的主语从句可放句首,也可放句中,表“是否”if 引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语Whether I will go or not depend on the weather.It remains to be seen whether / if they can finish the task in time.2.连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whichever,whoever等引导What matters most is your attitude.3.连接副词when,where,why,how等引导How he made it is still unknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首,真正的主语放在句子后面。
常见句型:(1) It is + n.+ that + 句子It is +(a pity / a shame / a fact …)+ that ...(2) It is + adj.+ that + 句子It is +(true / clear / important …)+ that ...(3) It is + 过去分词 + that + 句子It is+ said / announced / expected / believed / hoped… + that ...(4) It seems /appears / happens / turned out that + 句子(5) It hit sb./occurred to sb.that + 句子二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中,作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。
类型:1、名词作同位语:Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.2、句子作同位语:The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让女孩们感到吃惊。
3、直接引语作同位语:But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”用法:1、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.2、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。
连接副词how,when,where等。
(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。
)He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.3、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开叫做间隔同位语从句。
高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与同位语从句的区别在高中英语学习中,名词性从句与同位语从句是比较重要的语法知识点。
虽然它们在表达形式上相似,都能在句子中充当名词的角色,但它们在用法和意义上存在一些区别。
本文将对名词性从句与同位语从句进行归纳总结,并比较它们的异同。
一、名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分的从句。
常见的名词性从句有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句用作句子的主语,常用连词“that”引导,也可以使用“whether/if”引导。
例句1:That she is coming to the party is good news.(她来参加派对是个好消息。
)例句2:Whether we should accept the offer is still under discussion.(我们是否应该接受这个提议仍在讨论中。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句用作句子的宾语,常用连词“that”引导,也可以使用“whether/if”引导。
例句3:He told me that he would come tomorrow.(他告诉我他明天会来。
)例句4:I wonder if he will pass the exam.(我想知道他是否会通过考试。
)3. 表语从句表语从句用作句子的表语,通常由连词“that”引导,也可以使用“whether/if”引导。
例句5:The fact is that she is not coming anymore.(事实是她不再来了。
)例句6:My concern is whether the project can be completed on time.(我关心的是这个项目能否按时完成。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对某一特定名词进行解释、说明或补充,常用连词“that”引导,不能使用“whether/if”。
例句7:The news that he won the competition excited everyone.(他赢得比赛的消息让大家都兴奋。
《高中英语语法详细讲解》主语从句(3-5)、同位语从句(5-9)、表语从句(9-12)、定语从句(12-22)、非限制性定语从句(22-24)、状语从句(24-37)一、名词性从句百科名片在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句高考热点透视1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It答案D。
当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。
此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when答案C。
从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid答案:D。
宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句与状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。
1、主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2、表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3、宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句、宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句与形容词的宾语从句、4、同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
其关联词多为that。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句与时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态与语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句就是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether、that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if与whether引导表示“就是否”的宾语从句、例句:He told that he would go to the college the next year她告诉我她下一年上大学、I don’t know if there will be a bus any more、我不知道就是否还会有公交车、②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等、连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述、例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?您知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏不?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等、例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again、她没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面、三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger、我们都预料她们会赢,因为她们的队员更强壮、I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out、我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了、make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in、在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误、四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置、例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day 、我认为每天多喝开水就是有必要的、I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together、我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾、②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to、例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food、我讨厌她们满嘴食物时说话、五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club、我们正在讨论就是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部、I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company、对于我的新邻居我只知道她曾在一家公司上班,其她一无所知、六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能带宾语,更不能带宾语从句。
英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译时大多数可译成相对应的汉语,但也还有一些其它处理方法。
下面分别加以介绍:一、主语从句1.以what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句一般可按原文顺序翻译,例如:What he told me is only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而己2.以“it”作形式主语的主语从句1)逻辑主语从句如提前译出,有两种情况:若强调,“it”一般可译出来;如不强调,“it”可不译出来。
It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议没有多大关系。
(不强调)It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.在飞机坠毁之后,驾驶员竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的。
(强调)2)逻辑主语从句不提前,“it”一般不需译出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.有人建议取消会议。
二、宾语从句1.用that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不须改变顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition,I′d have to turn it down.我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝。
2.用“it”作形成宾语的句子,that宾语从句可按原文顺序译出,“it”可不译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午十时前交卷。
同位语从句:解释前面的名词
E.g news,fact,suggestion,order,promise,idea等
连接次不能省略,that无具体意思,不翻译
连接词:how what when where whether why that
The fact that you do not have summer holiday makes me very sad
Y ou agree the suggestion that I memories some words and study grammar
The suggestion that we are going to visit the Hangzhou is very good I make my decision that I will come back for China next month
我不介意你是胖是瘦
我不能忍受她哭的噪音
他怎么回家的我没印象了
主语从句:从句充当主语
E.g. What I have said yesterday is important.
连接词主语be动词宾语
What we need is time
That he will win the match is certain
连接词:that, what whether
形式主语:it is a question whether he will come or not
It is a reported that 据报道it seems that 似乎
It has been proved that 已证明
That I have received a call from my mother made me surprised last week
It is surprised that I have received a call from my mother last week 主语从句和形式主语的转换
你是否能明白它是个问题
主语从句:
形式主语:
我想知道你能不能明白这个单词
宾语从句:从句充当宾语
Y ou told me (that) you had understood the sentences
I do not know whether there will be a bus or not
Do you know who has broken the window?
He did not tell me when we would meet again
我妈告诉我她要去超市
你能算下我们的这个旅行将要花多少钱吗?
我确定你的作业没错
我很高兴他加入我们
我不认为他会来我们的聚会
形式宾语:1.用it代替后面的从句或不定式
E.g. I find it interesting to dance
S+V+IT+adj./n.+to do sth.
The new medicine makes it possible to treat the terrible disease He find it his responsibility to help people
We think it unuseful to do that
Our teacher thinks it bad to study without practice
No good doing sth 做...不好
No use doing sth 做...没用
2.it 代替整个宾语从句
I find it important that we take part in their discussion
We find it difficult that we need to finish the work on time Keep it in mind that come back before 10 p.m.
Keep in mind 记住。