2001年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

北外翻译专业考研试题及答案试题：北外翻译专业考研模拟试题一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 文化多样性2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- E-commerce- Biodiversity- Climate change- Human rights二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）3. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

- 教育是提升一个国家整体素质的关键。

- 保护环境是每个公民的责任。

4. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- "Knowledge is power" is a well-known proverb that encourages continuous learning.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- Environmental protection should be a priority for governments worldwide.三、段落翻译（每题25分，共50分）5. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

它们不仅推动了国际贸易的增长，还促进了文化交流和技术创新。

6. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：In the face of climate change, it is imperative that we take immediate action. Sustainable practices must be adopted to reduce our carbon footprint, and international cooperation is essential to address this global challenge.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 创新 - Innovation可持续发展 - Sustainable development人工智能 - Artificial intelligence国际贸易 - International trade文化多样性 - Cultural diversity2. 全球化 - Globalization电子商务 - E-commerce生物多样性 - Biodiversity气候变化 - Climate change人权 - Human rights二、句子翻译3. 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。

北外英语学院翻译考研真题一、英译汉Passage 1:The Price of EducationThe fact that university education has become such a lucrative business has attracted much attention. Universities in the United States, for example, constantly compete to attract students, and they do so by offering various inducements.Some universities offer better facilities, and try to create an attractive environment in which to live and study. Increasingly, however, the quality of education is also being judged by the percentage of graduates who are able to find employment after graduation. Employers, it seems, are no longer satisfied with a university education per se, but want to be assured that graduates will have the skills necessary for the job. To ensure this, some universities are offering simulated work experience as part of their degree programs. Some universities even venture into the realm of industry and commerce, regarding themselves as training colleges rather than as scholarly institutions.The motives behind this new emphasis on practical training are not entirely altruistic. Many universities in the United Kingdom, for example, rely heavily on government funding. The thinking is that by producing employable graduates, universities are not only ensuring that their graduates get good jobs and earn good money, they are also reducing the burden on thestate. Indeed, in some countries, universities that fail to achieve high levels of graduate employment are actually penalized financially.But what is sacrificed in this obsession with practicality? The traditional concept of a university is based on the belief that knowledge is valuable in itself, and that the purpose of education is the pursuit of truth. To surrender this belief and degrade the university to the role of industry training center is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Certainly, graduates must be able to find employment to support themselves, but a society that puts material gain above all else is a society that has lost its soul.Passage 2:Another Look at Cross-cultural CommunicationThe common expectation of much cross-cultural training is that it is designed to help business people improve their cross-cultural communication competence, thus increasing performance in a variety of multicultural or international contexts. Cross-cultural training often takes the form of brief seminars, sometimes with hands-on experiential exercises and is meant to be enjoyable, eye-opening and informative. Many authors believe that by offering such training, organizations are doing the right thing for their employees because effective cross-cultural communication skills can be a competitive advantage in business.However, less attention has been given to understanding the linkage between the skills and competencies that have been delineated and measured and the ability of learners to effectively apply such knowledge and abilities in specific situations they are likely to encounter at work. Despite the proliferation of studies advocating the use of cross-cultural training toenhance global management effectiveness, very little is known about how training may affect the actual performance of individuals or groups that are experiencing business or mission/aid-related challenges outside of their native cultural contexts.In today’s globalized and technological world, businesses and individuals are more connected across cultural boundaries than ever. In fact, almost all businesses from small to multinational employ individuals who have some form of cross-cultural interactions on a daily basis. By increasing our understanding of the linkages between knowledge, skills and abilitiesand desired training outcomes, we may be able to help individuals and organizations more effectively navigate the challenges associated with increasingly dynamic and complex cross-cultural task environment in which they operate.二、汉译英翻译 Passage 1：教育的代价大学教育已成为一个利润丰厚的生意，这一事实引起了广泛关注。

2001 年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语 (35%不久前美国宇航局宣布,他们测得的数据显示,在最近两个月,南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯(Punta Arenas上空。

这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。

更为严重的是 ,这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。

许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生 ,臭氧距地面约 25-30 公里 ,能吸收 99%的太阳紫外线 ,可以说 ,它是地球生态环境的天然屏障 ,也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。

据科学家测算 ,大气中臭氧含量每减少 1%,太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加 2%,而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加 5%至 7%。

但现在 ,可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。

为了居民的身体健康 ,篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。

这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。

篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民, 最好不要在中午 11 点到下午 3 点之间外出 ,因为在阳光下曝晒 7 分钟左右 ,皮肤就会受到损伤。

据科学家们观测 ,臭氧空洞目前已达到 2800多万平方公里 ,而造成臭氧空洞的 , 正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质 ,才使臭氧越来越稀薄 ,最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。

虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大 ,还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致 ,但气温的升高 ,又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。

但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次,也是最后一次 !II.将下列单句译成英语 (15%1。

我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争 , 争取长时间的和平 , 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。

2。

冷战后,世界形势出现了重大的变化,两极格局宣告终结,多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。

3。

近些年来 ,在经济全球化的冲击下,原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。

发达国家在调整,新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整 ,尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。

北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。

北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。

北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。

积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。

中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。

在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。

（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。

2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity；in fact,growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin:when economic activity is high,more production happens overall,and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services.And when economic activity is low,firms cut jobs and unemployment rises.In that sense,unemployment is countercyclical,meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth.It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more products—that is,to increase their productivity.Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers.As a consequence,unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins.The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn,when firms would rather reduce work hours,or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go.Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged.Because unemployment follows growth with a delay,it is called alagging indicator of economic activity.(228words)【参考译文】自大萧条后，最严重的经济危机与最高的失业率同时显现于全球经济，这并非偶然。

北外高翻英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验报考院校: 北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译（口译方向）我是从大三上学期开始准备考研的，其实本来没想这么早启动，因为偶然听了一场专业机构的讲座，在老师的提醒下意识到自己的目标比较高，竞争比较激烈，所以决定及早动手报了班开始全面复习，俗话说：早起的鸟儿有食吃。

考研首先要有一个明确的目标，也就说确定考研的院校、专业，由于不同的专业有不同的学习方法，所以明确了目标专业、学校，才能制定合理的学习计划。

对于考研，我想很重要的是合理的学习计划、有效的参考资料以及良好的心态。

在专业机构报了班了解到英语真题的文章主要出自欧美的一些权威期刊杂志，所以我从大三上学期就开始有意识的翻看一些外文杂志，包括：Economist、Times等，还有在图书馆里经常会翻的：Digest、China today、English World等。

由于开始的时间比较早，因此，在看的时候，并不着急，慢慢看，认真看，有问题的时候会问问专业机构的老师,这个是免费的,不会的单词一定要查，这样不仅能能有效提升阅读的能力，也能储备一些背景知识，这都是对付考研英语很重要的基本元素。

合理的学习计划对于一个准备考研的学生来说，如何在较短的时间内做到高效的复习？是很多人关心的问题，这里就凸显了计划的重要性，合理有效的计划是成功的不二法则。

培训机构的全程策划班给我们讲了一个基本的计划模版，我又根据个人的实际情况作了个性化的调整，下面将我的学习计划与大家分享一下：大三下学期开始开学，写计划，开始下决心认真准备：专业一轮：3.4.5.6月牢固基础，多看原版杂志；第二轮：7.8月暑假天热，在专业课强化班听教师指导，同时复习二外，开始看参考书；第三轮：9.10.11月强化政治，认真看，开始做题；二外也不丢，重点在杂志和翻译书上，多看多翻,经常让老师看自己的作品,让老师给意见,说实话,我都不好意思了,就报了一个班,确总去问问题,不过专业机构的教务老师每次还是很热情,安排老师给答疑；第四轮：12.1 冲刺，各科模拟题、真题，严格按时间限制练习，培养考试感觉：政治背大题，看时事，上了专业机构的冲刺点题班,重点击破可能的考点；二外再次认真看参考书、单词；杂志还是不能断，根据个人安排时间量；翻译真题，练习题，术语强记。

北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题（三）(doc3).docArtificial speechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. You will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks. Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. We’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.There are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now.Small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. Lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. Most economies have both types of markets. But the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.Developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. Underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. So, compared with farmers in Canada, poor farmers in Bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.What limits market opportunities? The transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. And barriers to entry for new participants. What increases them? Institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.Yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. Institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. For instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in Africa. Andinstitutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. The challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic development.。

复语英汉互译2009I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green” of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for the coming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints – can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between them is the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。

2002年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）人有男女性别之分，而法律讲性别吗？我国宪法明文规定，妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会中和家庭各个方面享有与男子同等的权利。

既然男女同权、男女平权，法律应该是不讲性别的，这样才能达到男女平等，才算是真正公平。

但事实上，在法律保护妇女、社会尊重妇女、男女平等的今天，男女不平等的现象依然或多或少地存在着。

这是“男尊女卑”、女性依附男性的历史留下的“后遗症”。

所以，大家不得不面对这一个现实：在当代，尽管女性的地位已有了很大提高，但和男性相比，还是属于需要关照的弱势群体。

针对这一现象，我国现行法律对女性给予了特殊关照，有专门的《妇女权益保障法》，而在《婚姻法》、《继承法》等法律规定中也有专门的保护条款。

对于男性，则没有这样的专门保护。

从这个角度讲，法律也是讲“性别”的。

在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。

单不说现实生活中存在的男女不平等现象，就是立法者大多数是男性这个事实，便有可能使我们的法律在不知不觉中就已带上男性的印记，所以，立法者必须超出社会现有的习惯，将更多的视角投到妇女这个弱势群体上，在立法中，应多一点女性视角，对女性多一些关怀、多一些保护。

女性，是母亲，是女儿，是姐妹……在立法时多一点女性视角，并不意味着忽视男性的权益，而在于最大程度地实现男女在法律上的平等，从而实现男女在现实生活中的平等。

如果有一天，法律不再需要对女性特殊关照的性别视角，那么，男女之间，就真正地平等了。

【参考译文】People Can be Divided by Gender,but DoesLegislation Take Gender Difference into Consideration?China’s constitution stipulates in explicit terms that women shall enjoy equal rights with men in political,economic,cultural,social and family life.Since men and women enjoy the same and equal rights,legislation should not take gender difference into consideration.Only this can genuine equality between men and women be achieved.However,in fact,phenomena of inequality between men and women still more or less persists in the present society where legislation is made to protect women, women are supposed to be respected in society,and men and women are supposed to be equal.They are the“sequelae”of concepts like“male domination and female subordination”and women should depend on men,which have been passed down by history.Therefore,we have to face the reality:although women’s social status has been improved remarkably in modern society,they are still a disadvantaged group that demands more attention and care than men.In view of this phenomenon,the China’s existing legislation gives women special attention and care.There is the Law On Women’s Rights and Interests, which is specially made for women and there are articles aimed to protect women in Marriage Law and Inheritance Law.As for men,there is no such special protection.In this sense,legislation does take gender difference into consideration.To think more from women’s perspective in the process of lawmaking also hasits practical significance.The mere fact that most of the legislators are male is likely to leave male imprint on our legislation unwittingly,not to mention the inequality between men and women existing in real life.Therefore,legislators must go beyond the existing social practices and pay more attention to women,the disadvantaged group.In the process of lawmaking,more of women’s perspective should be taken into consideration and they should be cared about and protected.Women are our mothers,daughters and sisters…To pay more attention to women in the process of lawmaking does not mean to neglect men’s rights and interests,but rather to achieve equality between men and women to the uttermost extent in the legislation and to realize gender equality in real life.If one day legislation does not have to take gender difference into consideration that gives more attention and care to women,then men and women will be equal in its real sense.二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）1.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。

北外高翻学院同传考试试题解析2005年研究生招生基础英语试题参考译文（“王阳明捉贼”部分）北京外国语大学高级翻译学院李长栓原文：明代哲学家王阳明早年被贬到贵州龙场做地方官时，捕获了当地一个强盗头目。

该头目在受审时说：“我犯的是死罪，要杀要剐，任你怎么处置，只请你不要和我谈道德良知。

像我这种人是从来不谈这个的，甚至连想都没有想过。

”王阳明说：“好的。

今天我不和你谈道德良知。

不过，天气这么热，你看在审案前我们还是把外衣脱了吧。

”强盗头目说：“好！”脱去外衣后，王阳明又说：“还是热，再把内衣也脱了吧。

”强盗头目当然不会在乎赤膊，于是就脱去内衣。

庭上庭下两人身上只剩下一件裤头。

而此时王阳明更进一步，说道：“干脆我们把裤头也脱了吧，全身赤裸更自在……”一听说连裤头也要脱，强盗头目赶紧说：“这可使不得！这可使不得！”面对此情此景，王阳明当即来了一番水到渠成的因势利导：“为什么…使不得?，这是因为在你心中还剩有那么一点羞耻感。

可见就是像你这样十恶不赦的家伙，我照样可以和你谈…道德良知?……”强盗头目心服口服，随即讲自己的种种罪行一一如实供出。

参考译文：The ancient philosopher Wang Yangming offended some powerful officials of the imperialcourt and was demoted to the position of a local official in the remote province ofGuizhou. During his term, he arrested the head of a burglary gang. In the trial, thesuspect said, "I have committed a death penalty crime. You can kill me or torture me allyou want but spare me the moral talk. A guy like me never talks morals.I don't eventhink about them."Wang replied, "OK, I won't talk morals with you today butsince it's hot, I suggest wetake off our coats before the trial.""OK," said the suspect, and took his coat off."It's still too hot, perhaps we should take off our shirts too," said Wang.The gangster naturally didn?t mind being bare-chested, so he took off his shirt. Now bothof them had nothing leftbut their pants. Wang then said, "What about the pants? We?llbe more comfortable if we?re naked.""No way! No way!" protested the suspect.At this point, Wang cut to his point and said, "The reason why you wouldn't take off yourpants is that you still know shame. This proves that even a notorious and ruthless manlike yourself is concerned with morality. "The suspect was so impressed by Wang'sargument that he confessed all his crimes.2009年研究生入学试题参考译文和分析（“国庆节返乡”部分）/李长栓星期三, 05/06/2009 - 07:57—李长栓《国庆节回家》翻译中的主要问题北京外国语大学高级翻译学院李长栓理解问题汉语中充满了歧义。

北外高翻英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验报考院校 : 北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译(口译方向我是从大三上学期开始准备考研的, 其实本来没想这么早启动, 因为偶然听了一场专业机构的讲座, 在老师的提醒下意识到自己的目标比较高, 竞争比较激烈, 所以决定及早动手报了班开始全面复习,俗话说:早起的鸟儿有食吃。

考研首先要有一个明确的目标, 也就说确定考研的院校、专业, 由于不同的专业有不同的学习方法,所以明确了目标专业、学校,才能制定合理的学习计划。

对于考研,我想很重要的是合理的学习计划、有效的参考资料以及良好的心态。

在专业机构报了班了解到英语真题的文章主要出自欧美的一些权威期刊杂志, 所以我从大三上学期就开始有意识的翻看一些外文杂志,包括:Economist 、 Times 等,还有在图书馆里经常会翻的:Digest 、 China today、 English World等。

由于开始的时间比较早,因此, 在看的时候,并不着急,慢慢看,认真看,有问题的时候会问问专业机构的老师 , 这个是免费的 , 不会的单词一定要查,这样不仅能能有效提升阅读的能力,也能储备一些背景知识, 这都是对付考研英语很重要的基本元素。

合理的学习计划对于一个准备考研的学生来说,如何在较短的时间内做到高效的复习?是很多人关心的问题, 这里就凸显了计划的重要性, 合理有效的计划是成功的不二法则。

培训机构的全程策划班给我们讲了一个基本的计划模版, 我又根据个人的实际情况作了个性化的调整, 下面将我的学习计划与大家分享一下:大三下学期开始开学,写计划,开始下决心认真准备:专业一轮:3.4.5.6月牢固基础,多看原版杂志;第二轮:7.8月暑假天热,在专业课强化班听教师指导,同时复习二外,开始看参考书; 第三轮:9.10.11月强化政治,认真看,开始做题;二外也不丢,重点在杂志和翻译书上, 多看多翻 , 经常让老师看自己的作品 , 让老师给意见 , 说实话 , 我都不好意思了 , 就报了一个班 , 确总去问问题 , 不过专业机构的教务老师每次还是很热情 , 安排老师给答疑;第四轮:12.1 冲刺,各科模拟题、真题,严格按时间限制练习,培养考试感觉:政治背大题,看时事,上了专业机构的冲刺点题班 , 重点击破可能的考点;二外再次认真看参考书、单词;杂志还是不能断,根据个人安排时间量;翻译真题,练习题,术语强记。

北外英汉同声传译专业考研准备篇以下信息均基于个人经验，因而带有个人偏见，请读者批判阅读。

借用温家宝总理的一句话“信心比黄金还重要。

”信心十足，平常准备考试时便充满激情，关键时刻便发挥稳定。

然而信心来源于实力，实力怎样提高？个人认为，勤积累，勤思索是关键。

然而积累和思索要建立在正确合适的方法上。

方法正确，则事半功倍。

但是每一种方法都有其适用范围和情况。

兵法有云“知己知彼，百战不殆。

”若把任意考试看成一场战争，那么最先做的就是要分析考试，把握全局。

根据北外考试的真题，基础英语的题型，无非是短文改错，阅读理解，英汉互译，作文4种。

北外基础英语的试题走的一直是精简路线，题量少，分值重，陷阱多。

短文改错总共10空，但大部分考察的是一个人的逻辑思维能力，而非语法基础，也就是说，联系上下文推敲出每一行的逻辑错误才是正确的方法。

一般的专八改错辅导书偏向考察语法知识，不是北外改错的风格。

然我在之后准备专业八级的改错题时偶然网购到了复旦大学出版的《高校英语专业八级考试校对与改错100篇》，发现该书以逻辑错误的改错练习居多。

配上后面的解说，这本书应该比普通的专八改错书更适合北外基英考试的准备。

北外的阅读也一直是重头戏，前几年的真题中，有些年份的真题是主观问答，有些是客观选择，但材料大多来自英国的Economist和Financial Times，北外的考试更重视前者。

2011年基础英语的真题中有2篇阅读文章均来自经济学家，所以，如果准备时间不够，建议看经济学家就够了。

经济学家可以到官方网站上订阅，订阅后每周一，三，五都会发5-10篇至邮箱。

我建议看完所有文章。

一些特别专业的文章，比如介绍蜂鸟飞行原理的，里面牵涉到很多流体力学的知识，则可以不管。

看完之后要对文章进行分析，概括其主旨，如果有时间，则可以写summary,这样的阅读才更有效果；要多积累文章中的搭配和词汇，以为翻译和阅读多积累语汇。

北外阅读题的答案大部分不能直接从原文中得到信息，要求考生根据已有信息推断出来。

北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：二外英语I. Each problem in thin part consists of a sentence in which ore word or phrase has been underlined. From the four choices given. You should choose the one word or phrase which could be substituted for the underlined word or phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence. (20%).1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.(A).protect (C).relieve(B).conserve (D).free2.The new contact lenses made the woman blink her eyes much more than usual.(A).stain and stretch (C).rub(B).open and close (D).shade3.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.(A).quickly (C).aimlessly(B).excitedly (D).steadily4.The little boy had had a long day, he was feeling drowsy.(A).Lazy(C).exhausted(B).sleepy (D).sad5.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.(A).desire for exercise (C).desire for sleep(B).desire for visitors (D).desire for food6.The night was so foggy that the murderer was easily able to escape his pursers.(A).misty (C).mild(B).moist (D).messy7.I knew my father would discipline me for my actions.(A).reward (C).congratulate(B).reprove (D).punish8.He was able to mend the cup and saucer.(A).wash (C).decorate(B).repair (D).mold9.The girl took a ling hike on her first morning at camp .(A).horseback ride (C).bicycle ride(B).walk (D).swim10.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter.(A).sinful (C).absurd(B).tragic (D).unpardonable11.The flowers will wither in a few hours.(A).blossom (C).open(B).dry up (D).revive12.he was too old to keep up the pace for more than a few mils .(A).pretense (C).appearance(B).speed (D).practice13.The candidate’s victory at the polls was overwhelming.(A).treachery (C).triumph(B).defeat (D).popularity14.By taking larger seams，it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you(A).enlarge (C).shorten(B).change (D).design15.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken.(A).hide oneself (C).protect oneself(B).run away (D).hesitate16.The noisy throng of teenagers jammed the hall to hear the rock concert.(A).parents (C).crowd(B).quartet (D).class17.That matter is so confidential that it must not be discussed outside this office(A).important (C).interesting(B).secret (D).alarming18.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was contaminated(A).polluted (C).diluted(B).tinted (D).diverted19.The last weeks before Christmas are usually hectic,as people rush to get last-minute gifts.(A).happy (C).exciting(B).very (D).very busy20.At the stockholder’s meeting, the company spokesperson gave the shareholders the gist of the annual report.(A).copy (C).full details(B).main idea (D).good newsII. There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there here are four choices marked A).,B).,C).,and D)..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.(20%).1.She apologized for ______to come on time.(A).her not being able (C).her being not able(B).her being able not (D).she’s not being able2. ______ here yesterday,they would have been shocked.(A).Had the visiting group been (C).having the visiting group been(B).If the visiting group was (D).If the visiting group being3.The young couple seldom eat out at weekend because they have ______money.(A).so little (C).so few(B).very little(D).very few4.The work un the field continued ______torrential rain.(A).instead of (C).despite of(B).in spite of (D).even with5.The old man can't hope to ______his cold in few days.(A).get away (C).get over(B).get off(D).get out6.I wonder ______(A).how much costs the clock (C).how much the clock costs(B).how much does the clock cost(D).how much is this clock cost7.He is one of those who will be most enthusiastic over a hobby for a while, and then ______it for something else.(A).refuse (C).decline(B).ruin (D).drop8. He spoke slowly and clearly in order to make himself______.(A).understood (C).to be understood(B).understand (D).to understand9.None of the servants were______when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A).available (C).approachable(B).attainable (D).applicable10.He agrees to the proposal that the question ______to the vote.(A).is to be put (C).should put(B).will be put (D).be put11.A lot of people have tried ,but ______have succeeded.(A).the few(C).few(B).a few (D).some12.Of the two watches , I prefer______you showed us first.(A).that one (C).the one(B).the ones (D).those13.Fnmldy speaking, it is difficult for me to______what he wrote.(A).make (C).make out(B).make for (D).make from14.Only when an enterprise profits______increase.(A).can employees’ salaries and benefits(C).does employee’s salaries and benefits(B).employees’salaries and benefits can(D).did employee’s salaries and benefits15.Both of you______responsible for the accident(A).are(C).is(B).am (D).be16.She has such a bad cold that she lost all______of smell.(A).sensitivity (C).sense(B).means (D).power17.Edison had only one suit______very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.(A).which cost (c).that costs(B).which costs (D).which was cost18.Our sport team, ______, was good. Only one player didn't do so well.(A).as a whole (C).all in all(B).on the whole (D).ark-tall!9.Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ______(A).turned in (C).tuned over(B).turned out (D).turned up20.he was ______hurt ______ frightened .(A).much...and (C).more...than(B).so...and that (D).very...and thenIII. Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given. (20%).Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as widen sticks or stone club, and by lighting fires at night and above all, by keeping together.Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel moss water.Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, This is still the main reason why we travel today.Traveling, of course, has now become a highly or organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred and one other things, If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.As I am neither sociable nor adventurous, I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair. I like thinking of all those journeys that, despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make. I should like, for example, to have arrived in the world by stork. I should like to travel faster than time and have a look at the year A. D. 2050 or go back into the past and talk to famous men.I should also like to travel like a shell across ocean floors where I could explore the wrecks of ships and see curious fish that men have never seen.Although we shall never make journeys such as these, there are others that will soon be made which fifty years ago would have seemed impossible.Scientists have invented machines that can explore outer space. Eventually there will be cheap day excursions to the moon and honeymoons on Venus.People will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes I say“people” because I have no intention of being one of them.1.In primitive times men traveled(A).for joy(B).from necessity(C).to broaden the mind(D).to escape from the wild animals2. Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the reading passage. Their journeys were long, tiring and often dangerous, so(A).they had to arm themselves with wooden sticks.(B).they protected themselves with stone clubs.(C).they had to travel in groups.(D).they never traveled at night3. Later, they found it easier to travel because(A).they could travel by wagons.(B).they could ride on their tame animals and go across water in hollowed tree trunks.(C).the roads were splendid.(D).the climates were favourable.4.The author says “I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair.” This means(A).the author likes sitting in his armchair, dreaming of journeys which man can never make.(B).the author doesn't like traveling at all.(C).the author is a disabled man(D).the author will take his armchair with him wherever he travels.5.Traveling has now become a highly organized business(A).so we can travel anywhere without difficulty.(B).because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling.(C).because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over.(D).so travelers have increased rapidly.6.Which of the following journeys will man be able to make in the future?(A).flying to another planets(B).going back into the past(C).traveling faster than time to have a look at the year 2050.(D).a cheap day excursion to the sun7.The author is a man(A).who likes to make adventures(B).who isn't fond of keeping company with the others.(C).who prefers doing his traveling alone.(D).who is interested in exploring outer space8. ...despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make those journeys.“despite his creativeness” means(A).since man is not so creative as he should be.(B).as man is not clever enough.(C).although man is creative(D).no matter how hard man works9....to escape from hostile neighbors...“hostile”means(A).talkative(B).hotheaded(C).enthusiastic(D).unfriendly10.Which of the following sentences is correct (Pay attention to the use of the word “travel”).(A).what sort of a travel did they have?(B).did you have a good travel?(C).have you read “The Travels of Marco Polo”?(D).the travels that he made in the Arctic mc not his only claim to fame.IV For each blank in the following passage,choose the best answer from the choices given below .(20%).An 80-year-old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suing doctors who saved his life .Edward winter has witnessed his wife's death from a 1 attack .Thedoctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 2 with remarkable success,but leaving her brain 3 .Her death was a long and 4 experience which he did not want to go through himself.After she died he asked his doctor 5 to save him in 6 circumstances ,but instead to let him die7While out visiting in May 1988, Mr Winter 8the heart attack which he so dreaded, and was rushed to St Francis hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who9him wrote down on his chart that he was not to he10but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr Winter’s 11.The nurse took the usual 12action and tried to revive him with an electric shock. His life was saved 13the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 14stayin a nursing home, partially15and barely ably to speak without weeping. Though there is 16hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 17many more years. The hospital 18his story, arguing that the injury suffered by Mr Winter is the19of an act of God and they20him over $60,000 for saving his life.1.(A)heart (B)liver (C)brain (D)nerves2(A)system (B)shock (C)device (D)operation3.(A)destroyed (B)disintegrated (C)dismembered (D)damaged4.(A)peaceful (B)unconscious (C)painful (D)harmless5.(A)not try (B)try (C)not to try (D)to try6.(A)similar (B)critical (C)serious (D)crucial7.(A)quickly (B)naturally (C)peacefully (D)comfortably8.(A)caught (B)suffered (C)passed (D)avoided9.(A)saw (B)knew (C)admitted (D)nursed10.(A)dead (B)neglected (C)alive (D)revived11.(A)condition (B)verdict (C)preference (D)wishes12.(A)emergency(B)urgency (C)crucial (D)immediacy13.(A)except (B)but (C)and (D)instead14.(A)had had to(B)had to (C)has had to (D)has to15.(A)paralyzed (B)anaethesized(C)intoxicated (D)crumped16.(A)little (B)much (C)some (D)such17.(A)struggle (B)survive (C)stay (D)endure18.(A)dislikes (B)proves (C)supports (D)disputes19.(A)subsequence (B)influence (C)punishment (D)consequence20.(A)donated (B)charged (C)lent (D)sparedV Translate the following paragraph into English(20%)书在我们的教育中起着至关重要的作用。

北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题（二）我爱英语网 （二）初级口译考试时间：30分钟第一部分：对话[//表示停顿]David: What’s on today, Xiao Wang?//Xiao Wang: 今天我们去长城，并在那里午餐，下午回来的路上还要去看看十三陵。

// 你一定听说过长城，来到北京，长城是一定要去的。

// 十三陵是明朝13个皇帝和皇后的坟墓，是15世纪建造的，虽然没有长城有名，但也很值得一看。

//David: I’ve read about the renowned Chinese wall. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, I believe. It is said to be the only man-made project on earth which is visible from a satellite. //Xiao Wang: 我们中国人叫它“万里长城”，实际上全长6000多公里，最初建于近2500年前的战国时期。

// 当时中国还不是一个统一的国家，而是分为7国。

北方的几个国家修建城墙用来防御来自北方的侵犯。

// 公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后将各段长城连接起来并加以延长。

据历史记载大约有100万人参加过这一长达十多年的工程。

David: Was the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty the one in whose tomb were discovered the terra-cotta warriors? //Xiao Wang: 是的。

除了修建长城以外，他也作过不少事情。

虽然他的王朝是短命的，但他对中国历史的影响却是巨大的。

David: Imagine it was more than 2,000 years ago when there was no machinery and everything had to be done by bare hands. // Yet they managed to build a wall like this and the terra-cotta warriors, which, as many people say, have become the eighth wonder of the world. //Xiao Wang: 今天我们去的那段长城叫八达岭，这是保卫北京的一个战略要地，离北京约75公里。

北京外国语大学高翻英汉同传考研备考资料英译汉练习题1.将下列段落译为汉语In the pre-modern era,political,economic,and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by region.Limited personal freedom and material benefits exited alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity.Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies.The shift produced economic and social dynamism,an increase in material benefits and personal freedoms and a decreasing in communal feeling.As this process continued,the first modern political ideology,classical liberalism,emerged to celebrate and justify.Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law,limited government,and free commercial transactions.It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities,a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call“the great transformation.”But along with the gains came losses as well-of a sense of place of social and psychologycal stability,of traditional bulwarks against life’s vieissitudes.Left to itself,capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality.This is combination resulted in what Polanyi called a“double movement”a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it.1.将下列短文译为汉语The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is feounded on the principle of the rule of law.This concept centers on a set of rules governing all socity’s processes and interactions and being above all society’s institutions and organizations.The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged.For the rule of law and thereby civil society to flourish,it requires the citizens of a country to respect and trust legal processes,and the law to be applied in a consistent way to all.This gives people a feeling of inclusiveness and optimism about their future.The European Union’s Governance for Equitable Development(GED)project,implemented by the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)from2007to2012,has assisted China to benefit from knowledge of Europe’s developed legal system and civil society through technical exchange, research and knowledge sharing.As people’s incomes grow and material living standards rise,their expectation about the quality of life,participation in civil society,protection of property and individual rights increase. Meeting these expectation for a better life in a rapidly urbanizing society with a still significant rural population is one of the key challenges facing China today.This is where the GED project has supported China in moving to a more equitable,inclusive and vibrant civil society,based on the rule of law.The project has worked with three key Chinese agencies,the National Peoples’Congress,the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on topics ranging from law drafting and court efficiency to registration of civil society organizations.The project has produced remarkable results over five years,leading to an improved environment for civil society to flourish in China, increased citizen participation in law marking,reduced barriers to seeking justice,increased transparency and efficiency of selected courts and progress in the consistency of court decisions.。

2013年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学科目名称：英汉互译（同传）一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerity fatigue has set in.This is not surprising.For many countries no plausible exit exists from depression, deflation and despair.If the currency union were a normal fixed exchange rate arrangement,it would collapse,as did the gold standard in the1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the1970s.The question is whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more than delay that outcome.Mr.Hollande says his mission is to give Europe“a dimension of growth and prosperity”.So can he achieve this laudable aim?Fiscal tightening does not improve outcomes in shrinking economies.Thus, austerity is merely begetting more austerity.According to IMF,the ratio of gross public debt to gross domestic product will rise,not fall,in every year from2008to 2013in Ireland,Italy,Spain and Portugal.It will briefly fall in Greece,but only because of its debt restructuring.The IMF forecasts that the economy will shrink this year,in real terms,and growth is forecast,optimistically,at close to zero in these countries in2013.This is politically perilous.The emergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seems inevitable.(206)【参考译文】法国和希腊的选举告诉我们，“紧缩计划疲劳症”已开始显现。

上海外国语大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生考试英语语言文学专业翻译试卷（三小时完成）I．Translate the following into English（50%）（1）中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。

中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。

（2）一八四O年后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地、半封建的国家。

中国人民为国家独立、民族解放和民主自由进行了前仆后继的英勇奋斗。

（3）二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。

（4）一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。

但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。

（5）一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。

从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权力，成为国家的主人。

（6）中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。

生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社会主义制度已经确立。

工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。

中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。

经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。

教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。

广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。

（7）中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。

今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。

中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想指引下，坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，不断完善社会主义的各项制度，发展社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义国家。

2001翻译考研真题答案2001年的翻译考研真题答案涵盖了多个方面，包括英译汉和汉译英两个部分。

以下是根据这个标题生成的内容：英译汉部分1. 原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives, making it easier for us to communicate and access information.翻译：技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化，使我们更容易沟通和获取信息。

2. 原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained committed to achieving their goals and overcame the obstacles one by one.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然致力于实现他们的目标，并逐一克服了障碍。

3. 原文：The novel explores the complexities of human relationships and the impact of societal norms on individual behavior.翻译：这部小说探讨了人际关系的复杂性以及社会规范对个人行为的影响。

汉译英部分1. 原文：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

翻译：With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 原文：教育不仅仅是知识的传授，更是价值观和思维方式的培养。

翻译：Education is not only about imparting knowledge but also about cultivating values and ways of thinking.3. 原文：科技创新是推动社会进步的关键因素。

北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题汇总与答案解析一、英语翻译基础英汉短语互译：Bogor GoalsFTAAPzero-sum gameALSNASAgenomic variationozone depletionsinologybitcoinUNCEDpaparazziamino aciddigital divideexistentialismsilver-spoon kids十八届四中全会亚太经合组织互联互通量化宽松公使衔参赞埃博拉病毒自闭症防空识别区负面清单房产税专利技术和而不同地沟油真人秀逆袭二、篇章翻译今年篇章翻译由以前的四篇改为了两篇，我也破天荒第一次翻译前打了草稿。

英译汉是一篇有关里约环境会议的，说实话我词汇量不行，看着也有点儿晕。

汉译英是刘梦溪写的有关孟子精神和现代社会的文章，很多文言文，比如什么礼义廉耻、国之四端之类。

其实明白中文的意思翻译倒也不是特别难。

汉语写作与百科知识：一、名词解释尼罗河战略伙伴关系四大菩萨十字军中亚五国日心说元素周期律丝绸之路经济带金字塔APEC金砖四国九大行星三省六部的“六部”《牡丹亭》东盟IS（就是伊斯兰国）南北战争二十八宿《俄狄浦斯王》三一律“新寓言”派《菊与刀》北约苏辛《说文解字》二、应用文写作应用文是根据自己经历的某件事写一则消息，是新闻体裁的一种三、大作文大作文给一段材料，写一个人从火车上丢了一个鞋子，然后马上扔了另一个，说这只鞋留着也没用，有人捡到没准还能穿。

然后以“让失去变的可爱”为题写一篇作文。

本文系统介绍北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研难度，北京外国语大学翻译硕士就业，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导，北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研参考书，北京外国语大学翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题，凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。

特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研机构！五、北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研初试参考书是什么北京外国语大学翻译硕士参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程北京外国语大学翻译硕士王牌老师给大家整理出来了，以供参考：英语方向:1、Bassnett,Susan.《翻译研究》Translation Studies,外教社,2004.2、Gentzler,Edwin.《当代翻译理论（第二版修订本）》Contemporary Translation Theories,外教社,2004.3、马会娟、苗菊编.《当代西方翻译理论选读》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009年。