高考英语 语法专题复习 代词试题精解
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落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(十一) 代词
考点一 none,no one,neither,nothing和no的用法
1.none“没人,没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答how many/much的问题。
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。
None of us have/has been there.
我们中没有人去过那里。
—How many of you have seen the film?
你们中有多少人看过这部电影?
—None (of us).
一个也没有。
[考题印证]
(2012·课标全国改编)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but ________of them wants to,because they have work to do.
解析:either和neither用于两者,句中but表示转折,所以应填neither,此处表示“但是他们(两人)没有想去的”。
答案:neither
2.no one表“没有人,谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,后跟单数动词。常可用来回答who引导的问句。
—Who can answer the question?
谁能回答这个问题? —No one.
没人。
3.nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what。
—What's in the cave?
洞里有什么?
—Nothing.
没什么。
[考题印证]
—Can I have some milk for my coffee?
—I'm afraid there is ________ left.
解析:none表示“没有”,既可以指人,也可以指物,但此处指的是物,强调的是数量。
答案:none
4.neither指“两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不”,表否定意义,作主语时谓语动词用单数,
Neither answer is right.
两个答案中没有一个是正确的。
5.no= not a an+可数名词单数not any+ 不可数名词可数名词复数
I have no car.(no=not a)
我没有车。 There is no milk left in the bottle.(no=not any)
瓶里没有牛奶了。
考点二 other,others,any other,the other,another的用法
1.other表示泛指,意为“另外的;其他的”,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the,this,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。
Would you please make it some other day?(=another day)
改日做此事好吗?
I have no other place to go.
我再也没有别的地方可去。
2.others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加限定词以及数量词,常构成some...others...。
Some students are cleaning the classroom; others are playing on the
playground.
一些学生在打扫教室,另一些在操场上玩。
3.any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
4.the other表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give
way to the other. 因为双方都不愿意屈服,所以讨论中没有达成一致。
5.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又;再;还”。
This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).
这帽子太小了,给我看另外一顶。
We need another three assistants in our shop.
我们店还需要三名店员。
[考题印证]
(2013·重庆改编)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing
is ________.
解析:本题考查代词。句意:循环利用是保护环境的一种方式,重新使用是另外一种。another另一个,指“三者或者三者以上当中另外一个”。“循环利用”和“再使用”都是保护环境的方法,而且,方法还有很多,因此,此处表示三者或三者以上中的另一个,故用another。
答案:another
考点三 代词it,they与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的用法
1.it指代前面提到过的同一事物,they为其复数形式。
Your story is interesting, but I don't like it.
你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜欢。
—Have you found your pen?
你找到你的钢笔了吗? —No, I haven't found it.
还没有。
2.one代替单数可数名词,表示泛指,ones为其复数形式。the one替代前面的单数名词,表示特指,其后往往带定语,the ones为其复数形式。
I haven't a computer. I want to buy one next year.
我没有电脑,明年我想买一台。
I like this book better than the one I read last time.
比起上次我读的那本书,我更喜欢这一本。
These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.
这些鞋子不够好,再让我看一些更好的。
注意:one替代前边的名词,是前边名词的同位语,前边名词若是特指,要用the one;若是泛指则用one。
He is a kind student, one who always helps others.
他是一个热心肠的学生,一个总是帮助别人的学生。
He is the most excellent student, the one who wins the first prize.
他就是那个最优秀的学生,那个赢得一等奖的学生。
[考题印证]
(2013·浙江改编)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they
go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest
fears.
解析:本题考查代词的用法。句意:在那些16个国家的被调查者中有一半说他们首先要去找他们最亲密的朋友去分享他们最深刻的愿望和最隐秘的恐惧。分析结构可知,此处要用代词指代那些被调查者。此处为特指,用those相当于the ones。
答案:those
3.that既可以替代特指的单数可数名词,也可以替代特指的不可数名词,若替代特指的单数可数名词时,相当于the one。
T he weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.
北京的天气在冬天要比南京的天气冷得多。
The book is more interesting than that/the one you read a few days ago.
这本书要比你前几天读的有趣得多。
4.those替代复数名词,相当于the ones。 Students in Class One are more hardworking than those in Class Two.
一班的学生比二班的学生学习更努力。
[考题印证]
(2013·辽宁改编)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students
and then ________ of her colleagues.
解析:考查代词的用法。句意:让德拉高兴的是,她先是赢得了学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。that代指上文的不可数名词the trust。
答案:that
考点四 it的用法
1.指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。
—Who is there?
谁在那里? —It's only me.
我。
2.指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。
It's very cold today.
今天很冷。
It's twenty miles to the zoo.
到公园20英里路。
3.作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句,作形式主语或形式宾语。
It's of great help to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语很有帮助。
I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
我发现有必要做出改变。
It's no good (no use, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable,
worthwhile)+v.ing.
It's no use arguing with him.
同他争论没什么用。
4.用作look,seem,appear,happen等词的主语。
It seems that he lost his way.
他好像迷路了。
5.表示“喜欢或恨”等心理方面的动词,后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。 I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激。
I can't help it if he is always late.
如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。
As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.
像某人所说的那样,熟能生巧。
You may depend on it that they will support you.
你相信好了,他们会支持你的。
[考题印证]
When ________ comes to baseball, Dorothy knows little about it.