plt画图⼯具（3d）1.3d图形⽣成3d图的⽅式fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')普通图形，设置x,y,z三个轴的数据from matplotlib import cbookfrom matplotlib import cmfrom matplotlib.colors import LightSourceimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npwith cbook.get_sample_data('jacksboro_fault_dem.npz') as file, \np.load(file) as dem:z = dem['elevation']nrows, ncols = z.shapex = np.linspace(dem['xmin'], dem['xmax'], ncols)y = np.linspace(dem['ymin'], dem['ymax'], nrows)x, y = np.meshgrid(x, y)region = np.s_[5:50, 5:50]x, y, z = x[region], y[region], z[region]fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(projection='3d'))ls = LightSource(270, 45)# To use a custom hillshading mode, override the built-in shading and pass# in the rgb colors of the shaded surface calculated from "shade".rgb = ls.shade(z, cmap=cm.gist_earth, vert_exag=0.1, blend_mode='soft')surf = ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=1, cstride=1, facecolors=rgb,linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade=False)ax.set_xticks([])ax.set_yticks([])ax.set_zticks([])fig.savefig("surface3d_frontpage.png", dpi=25)View Code2.2d图形嵌⼊3d图形中通过设置zdir='y', 参数来设置图形嵌⼊位置import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')# Plot a sin curve using the x and y axes.x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)y = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / 2 + 0.5ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='curve in (x, y)')# Plot scatterplot data (20 2D points per colour) on the x and z axes.colors = ('r', 'g', 'b', 'k')# Fixing random state for reproducibilitynp.random.seed(19680801)x = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))y = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))c_list = []for c in colors:c_list.extend([c] * 20)# By using zdir='y', the y value of these points is fixed to the zs value 0# and the (x, y) points are plotted on the x and z axes.ax.scatter(x, y, zs=0, zdir='y', c=c_list, label='points in (x, z)')# Make legend, set axes limits and labelsax.legend()ax.set_xlim(0, 1)ax.set_ylim(0, 1)ax.set_zlim(0, 1)ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_zlabel('Z')# Customize the view angle so it's easier to see that the scatter points lie# on the plane y=0ax.view_init(elev=20., azim=-35)plt.show()View Code3.多个2d图形嵌⼊3d中zs参数设置嵌⼊的坐标位置import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np# Fixing random state for reproducibilitynp.random.seed(19680801)fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y']yticks = [3, 2, 1, 0]for c, k in zip(colors, yticks):# Generate the random data for the y=k 'layer'.xs = np.arange(20)ys = np.random.rand(20)# You can provide either a single color or an array with the same length as # xs and ys. To demonstrate this, we color the first bar of each set cyan. cs = [c] * len(xs)cs[0] = 'c'# Plot the bar graph given by xs and ys on the plane y=k with 80% opacity. ax.bar(xs, ys, zs=k, zdir='y', color=cs, alpha=0.8)ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_ylabel('Y')ax.set_zlabel('Z')# On the y axis let's only label the discrete values that we have data for. ax.set_yticks(yticks)plt.show()View Code4.轮廓图extend3d=True⽤于将轮廓也展⽰为3d形式from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import cmfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)cset = ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm)ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)plt.show()View Codefrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import cmfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm)ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)plt.show()View Code5.3d超平⾯ax.plot_surfacefrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import cmfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)# Plot the 3D surfaceax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)ax.set_xlim(-40, 40)ax.set_ylim(-40, 40)ax.set_zlim(-100, 100)ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_ylabel('Y')ax.set_zlabel('Z')plt.show()View Code6.3d柱状图ax.bar3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np# Fixing random state for reproducibilitynp.random.seed(19680801)fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')x, y = np.random.rand(2, 100) * 4hist, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(x, y, bins=4, range=[[0, 4], [0, 4]])# Construct arrays for the anchor positions of the 16 bars.xpos, ypos = np.meshgrid(xedges[:-1] + 0.25, yedges[:-1] + 0.25, indexing="ij") xpos = xpos.ravel()ypos = ypos.ravel()zpos = 0# Construct arrays with the dimensions for the 16 bars.dx = dy = 0.5 * np.ones_like(zpos)dz = hist.ravel()ax.bar3d(xpos, ypos, zpos, dx, dy, dz, zsort='average')plt.show()View Code7.3d线性图ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)r = z**2 + 1x = r * np.sin(theta)y = r * np.cos(theta)ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')ax.legend()plt.show()View Code8.抖动图ax.quiverimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')# Make the gridx, y, z = np.meshgrid(np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2),np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2),np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.8))# Make the direction data for the arrowsu = np.sin(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)v = -np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.sin(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)w = (np.sqrt(2.0 / 3.0) * np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) *np.sin(np.pi * z))ax.quiver(x, y, z, u, v, w, length=0.1, normalize=True)plt.show()View Code9.3d散点图ax.scatterimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np# Fixing random state for reproducibilitynp.random.seed(19680801)def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):'''Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, ) with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).'''return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vminfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')n = 100# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box # defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].for m, zlow, zhigh in [('o', -50, -25), ('^', -30, -5)]:xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, marker=m)ax.set_xlabel('X Label')ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')plt.show()View Code10.voxelsimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np# prepare some coordinatesx, y, z = np.indices((8, 8, 8))# draw cuboids in the top left and bottom right corners, and a link between them cube1 = (x < 3) & (y < 3) & (z < 3)cube2 = (x >= 5) & (y >= 5) & (z >= 5)link = abs(x - y) + abs(y - z) + abs(z - x) <= 2# combine the objects into a single boolean arrayvoxels = cube1 | cube2 | link# set the colors of each objectcolors = np.empty(voxels.shape, dtype=object)colors[link] = 'red'colors[cube1] = 'blue'colors[cube2] = 'green'# and plot everythingfig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')ax.voxels(voxels, facecolors=colors, edgecolor='k')plt.show()View Code11.3d图中画函数import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.patches import Circle, PathPatchfrom matplotlib.text import TextPathfrom matplotlib.transforms import Affine2Dimport mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3ddef text3d(ax, xyz, s, zdir="z", size=None, angle=0, usetex=False, **kwargs): '''Plots the string 's' on the axes 'ax', with position 'xyz', size 'size',and rotation angle 'angle'. 'zdir' gives the axis which is to be treatedas the third dimension. usetex is a boolean indicating whether the stringshould be interpreted as latex or not. Any additional keyword argumentsare passed on to transform_path.Note: zdir affects the interpretation of xyz.'''x, y, z = xyzif zdir == "y":xy1, z1 = (x, z), yelif zdir == "x":xy1, z1 = (y, z), xelse:xy1, z1 = (x, y), ztext_path = TextPath((0, 0), s, size=size, usetex=usetex)trans = Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0], xy1[1])p1 = PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path), **kwargs)ax.add_patch(p1)art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=z1, zdir=zdir)fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')# Draw a circle on the x=0 'wall'p = Circle((5, 5), 3)ax.add_patch(p)art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="x")# Manually label the axestext3d(ax, (4, -2, 0), "X-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,ec="none", fc="k")text3d(ax, (12, 4, 0), "Y-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")text3d(ax, (12, 10, 4), "Z-axis", zdir="y", size=.5, usetex=False,angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")# Write a Latex formula on the z=0 'floor'text3d(ax, (1, 5, 0),r"$\displaystyle G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = " r"\frac{8\pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu} $",zdir="z", size=1, usetex=True,ec="none", fc="k")ax.set_xlim(0, 10)ax.set_ylim(0, 10)ax.set_zlim(0, 10)plt.show()View Code。
