[初二理化生]深圳外国语学校2009—2010初二下期中考试有答案

2023-2024学年广东省深圳外国语学校八年级（下）期末物理试卷一、单选题（每小题2分，共2×20＝40分）1．（2分）如图所示的“圭表”是我国古代天文学家发明的天文观测仪器，它由相互垂直的“圭”和“表”两部分组成。

为了让“表”处于竖直位置，古代天文学家用铅垂线进行校正，这是因为（）A．铅垂的质量大B．铅垂的密度大C．铅垂所受重力的方向总是竖直向下D．铅垂所受重力的作用点在其几何中心2．（2分）如图所示的工具在使用时，属于费力杠杆的是（）A．瓶盖起子B．食品夹C．托盘天平D．羊角锤3．（2分）关于温度、内能和热量，下列说法中正确的是（）A．物体的机械能越大，它的内能就越大B．物体的温度升高，它的内能变大C．物体的内能增加，它一定吸收热量D．物体吸收热量，它的温度一定会升高4．（2分）如图所示的四个选项表示了射箭的整个过程，运动员先将箭搭在弓上，然后慢慢拉弓，将弓拉满后松手，箭疾驰而去。

以上过程中，弓的弹力最大的是（）A．B．C．D．5．（2分）周末小红帮妈妈晒被子，被子放在如图所示的支架上。

支架的重力为G1，支架对地面的压力为F1，被子的重力为G2，地面对支架的支持力为F2。

下列说法正确的是（）A．G1与F1是一对相互作用力B．G2与F2是一对平衡力C．F1与F2是一对相互作用力D．G1与F1的合力为零6．（2分）小齐同学在上冰壶选修课时，学习到在冰壶比赛中，掷球运动员右脚穿的“蹬冰鞋”摩擦力大，利于起步加速；左脚穿的“滑行鞋”摩擦力小，有利于滑行。

在其他条件相同的情况下，橡胶比塑料能提供更大的摩擦力。

请帮助作为掷球运动员的小齐同学选择最适合比赛时穿的鞋底（）A．B．C．D．7．（2分）图甲为上海F1赛道示意图，图乙为赛道中的局部路段放大图。

规定车手在图乙的赛道内驾车顺时针行进。

如果你是赛道系统设计师，为了保障车手的安全，你需要在赛道的某些位置加设防护设施。

你认为在图乙的赛道中最需要加设防护设施的位置是（）A．M处B．N处C．P处D．Q处8．（2分）2022年冬奥会单板滑雪大跳台比赛在北京赛区进行，我国少年运动健将苏翊鸣（身高约1.7m，质量约70kg）在比赛中一举夺冠，为国争光。

10-11年福田区深圳外国语学校八年级下学期考试卷10-11年福田区深圳外国语学校八年级下学期考试卷Part A. Listening TestI. Listen and choose the best response to what you hear. Each sentence will be read only once.(0.5*5=2.5)II. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear. Each dialogue will be read twice.(0.5*5=2.5) III. Listen to the passages and choose the correct answer to each question. The passage will be read twice.(0.5*10=5) IV. Listen to the passage and complete the blanks. The passage will be read twice.(1*5=5)Part B Written TestI. Multiple choice: (0.5*30=15)21. --- do you go to the cinema?---Seldom. And I ______ to the opera house.A. How soon; often goB. How soon; go oftenC. How often; go usuallyD. How often; never go22. --- New York?--- Yes, twice. It is a exciting city ___ “the Big Apple”.A. Have you gone to; calledB. Have you been to; nameC. Have you been in; callingD. Have you been to; named23. ---Do the Americans eat ___ the Chinese?--- No. they eat ___ the Chinese.A. as much meat as; twice more thanB. as many meat as; more than twiceC. as much meat as; twice as many asD. as many meat as; twice as much as24. --- ___ this house still belong to Paul?---It used to. But it ___ to Peter now.A. Is; belongsB. Did; belongedC. Does; belongsD. Does; is belong25. --- Did you find the trip ___ ?---Instead, I found it ___ .A. relaxing; boredB. relaxing; boringC. relaxed; boringD. relaxed; bored26. --- What does your father do for a living?--- He is an expert ___ food and he is very happy ___ his career.A. on; toB. in; onC. on; inD. about; in27. --- Do you know when __ ?---I don?t know. But I __ you as soon as I know.A. will the Universiade start; will tellB. the Universiade will start; tellC. will the Universiade start; tellD. the Universiade will start; will tell28. --- What did your mother say, Tom?---She asked me why ___ .A. my sister cryingB. my sister was cryingC. is my sister cryingD. was my sister crying29. --- Could you tell me ___ ?---Yes, they ___ to the library.A. where are the twins; have beenB. where the twins are; have goneC. where were the twins; have beenD. where the twins were; have gone30. ---Excuse me, where ___ ? Do you know?---Yes. I know where ___ .A. Jim lives; he livesB. does Jim live; do he liveC. Jim lives; does he liveD. does Jim live; he lives31. --- Could you tell me when ___ him last?--- Six hours ago. He told me he __ to New York the next day.A. did you see; would flyB. you saw; would flyC. do you see; will flyD. you see; flew32. --- Have you decided ___ on a trip to Chicago on holiday?---Not yet.A. whether you goB. when will you goC. whether you?ll goD. where you go33. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A. Eat too many sweets can make you moody or bad-tempered.B. Be a teacher is my dream occupation.C. Eat the right food is good for your health.D. There are many people walking in the park.34. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A. I will instead of him to go to the meeting.B. Instead staying at home, I will go hiking.C. The villagers stayed at home instead of came running to help.D. They didn?t quarrel. Instead, they fought.35. Which of the following sentences is NOT CORRECT?A. My father told me that the sun rises in the east.B. Do you know what was the matter with him yesterday?C. Can you tell me how can I get to the library from here?D. Did you ask her what had happened outside?36. Which of the following animals uses its tail like a third arm?A. A dogB. A horseC. A kangarooD. A monkey37. ---Roger is so from the other students in school.---How?---He is the only student in his class.A. differ; good-behavedB. different; badly-behavedC. difference; bad behaviorD. different; bad-behaved38. I?ve worked hard, Walker is going to of me as a monitor in our class because Mr. Goodyearwants to give chance to all of his students.A. So; in placeB. If; take the placeC. Even though; take the placeD. Until; in place39. She speaks up in a loud voice everybody may hear.A. in orderB. in order toC. to makeD. so that40. The animals in Africa look much too to the kids! See? The kids have been watching zebras theriver for up to half a day!A. fascinate; are crossingB. fascinating; crossingC. fascinated; crossingD. fascination; cross41. The missing girl was last seen ______ ______ in the corridor.A. to walk; back and forthB. to be walking; back and frontC. walking; back and forthD. walk; back and forth42. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A. He ran pass the street very quickly.B. Tom found that easy to finish the work.C. The basket was big enough for it to hold the oranges.D. The hall is so large that it can hold over 10,000 people in it.43. There are ______ many League members in Class Nine ______ in Class Ten.A. as; asB. so; thatC. much; thanD. so; as44. ______ the soldiers are very tired, ______ they keep on working.A. Because;/B. Though; yetC. Because; soD. Though; but45. ---I?m not sure if it ______ last night.--- If it snowed, the road would ______ snow.A. snowed; be covered withB. will snow; be covered byC. would snow; cover withD. snowed; cover46. The twins ______ in many ways. The do many things ______, so there are still many ______ between them.A. differently; differ; differentB. differ; different; differencesC. differences; different; differD. differ; differently; differences47. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT?A. Mary got u early to catch the first bus.B. I finished my homework unless I went to school.C. The cave is big enough for the family to live in.D. Get up early, or you?ll be late for work.48. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT?A. bend-bent-bentB. fight-fought-foughtC. hang-hung-hungD. take-took-took49. He was so emotional a person that he had shed tears fro two hours ______ he had realized it.A. whenB. untilC. beforeD. after50. They didn?t shut the window before they ______ to bed.A. goB. wentC. will goD. would goII. Cloze Text. (1*10=10)Tolstoy, the great Russian writer, liked to walk about in a railway station near his home. One day when he was walking up and down as _51_, looking at people getting on and off the trains, he heard a lady _52_ after, “Hey, you old fellow, go an d bring back my handbag in the waiting room which I _53_ there.”Tolstoy went there. He _54_ the bag up and walked quickly along the platform. At the same time, the lady was waiting beside the carriage, looking _55_. When at last the old man gave the bag b ack to her, she opened to make sure nothing was _56_.” “Good, old man.” said the woman, “You are just as quick as I expect. Here you are.” Shegave a copper coin to him. Tolstoy _57_ the coin and put it into his pocket with a smile.But the woman was very _58_ when she heard he was T olstoy, the author of the great novel WAR AND PEACE. She returned to Tolstoy and said, “Oh, excuse me … Oh, how silly I was to _59_ you as a porter. Please throw back that coin if you forgive me.”“Oh, madam, why? You have done _60_ wrong.” T olstoylaughed. “The coin is given for my work, so I?ll keep it. Thank you, madam!”51. A. possible B. often C. usual D. well52. A. talking B. speaking C. telling D. shouting53. A. went B. forget C. left D. bought54. A. lifted B. took C. picked D. brought55. A. happy B. back C. well D. worried56. A. disappeared B. missed C. lost D. torn57. A. showed B. watched C. accepted D. picked58. A. angry B. surprised C. happy D. worried59. A. think B. treat C. find D. look60. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothingIII. Reading comprehension. (1*20=20)AAn old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man, and he quickly spent all the money. Soon, he had nothing left. Of course, when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin（阿凡提）, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.“My money has finished and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?”“Don?t worry, young man,” answered Nasreddin. “Everything will soon be all right again. Wait, and you will soon feel much happier.”The young man was very glad. “Am I going t get rich again then?” he asked Nasreddin.“No, I didn?t mean that,” said the old man. “I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends.”61. When the son was ______, he went to see Nasreddin.A. short of moneyB. quite poor and sickC. in troubleD. quite poor and alone62. Nasreddin meant the young man ______.A. would get rich againB. would get used to having nothingC. would get used to being in troubleD. would get out of poorness63. What this story tells us is ______.A. that money is everythingB. that money makes the mare goC. to save each pennyD. to go to Nasreddin when you need helpB“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.“Cool” ca n be used to exp ress feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, “It?s cool.” You may think, “He?s so cool.” when you see your favorite footballer.We all maximize（扩大）the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead o f many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here?s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student?s paper was just the one sentence, “It?s so cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words. Without“cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）. Can you think of many other words that make your life as colorful as the word “cool”? I can. And I think they are also very cool.64. In the passage, the word “express” means “______”.A. seeB. showC. knowD. feel65. The writer takes a example to show he is ______ the way the word is used.A. pleased withB. strange toC. worried aboutD. careful woth66. In the passage, the writer suggests（暗示）that the word “cool” ______.A. can be used instead of many wordsB. usually means something interestingC. can make your life colorfulD. may not be as cool as it meansCA friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a stre et urchin was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn?t cost you anything? Boy, I wish …” He hesitated.Of course, Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He wasgoing to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surpri se, then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”“Oh yes, I?d love that.”After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back; but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn?t cost him a cent. And some day I?m going to give you one just like it… then you can see for yourself all the nice thing in the Christmas windows that I?ve been trying to tell you about.”Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.67. The street urchin was very surprised when ______.A. Paul received an expensive carB. Paul told him about the carC. he saw the shining carD. he was walking around the car68. The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house______.A. to show his neighbors the big carB. to show he had a rich friendC. to let his brother ride in the carD. to tell his brother about his wish69. We can infer（推断）from the story that ______.A. Paul couldn?t understand the urchinB. the urchin had a deep love for his brotherC. the urchin wished to have a rich brotherD. the urchin? wish came true in the end70. The best name of the story is ______.A. A Christmas PresentB. A Street UrchinC. A Brother Like ThatD. An Unforgettable Holiday RideDThis is a talk by a London taxi driver.“I?ve been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis.”“It?s a nice job most of time. You meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon.”“I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning.”“Some very strange things happened late at night. The other day I was taking a woman home from a party. She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows.”“I waited and waited. After half an hour of ring the bell Idecided to find out what was going on. I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief. Luckily the woman came downstairs. She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!”71. The woman climbed in through the window because ______.A. she wanted to have a sleepB. her husband didn?t open the door for herC. she didn?t want to pay the driverD. she couldn?t find her key72. The taxi driver waited and waited, then he ______.A. tied the woman?s dog to a treeB. rang the bell for half an hourC. decided to find out what was happening to the womanD. started to climb in through the window73. Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.74. The driver climbed in through the window to ______.A. get money from the womanB. return the dog to the womanC. see what was happening in the houseD. phone the policeEThis March is a busy month in Shanghai. There?s a lot to do. Here are the highlights.Live Music – Late Night JazzEnjoy real American jazz from Herbie Davis, the famous trumpet player. He?s coming with his new 7-piece band, Herbie?s Heroes. Herbie is known to play well into the early hours, so don?t expect to get much sleep. This is Herbie?s third visit to Shanghai. The first two were sold out, so get your tickets quickly.PLACE: The Jazz Club DATES: 15-23 March PRICE: ￥80,120 TIME: 10:00 p.m. till late! TEL:6466-8736Scottish dancingTake your partners and get ready to dance till you drop. Scottish dancing is fun and easy to learn. Instructors will demonstrate the dances. The live band, Gordon Stroppie and the Weefrees, are also excellent.PLACE: Jack Stein?s DA TES: every Monday PRICE:￥60 including one drinkTIME: 7:00~0:00 p.m. TEL: 6402-1877Exhibitions – Shanghai MuseumThere are 120,000 pieces on show here. You can see the whole of Chinese history under one roof. It?s always interesting to visit, but doubly so at the moment with the Egyptian Tombs exhibition. There are lots of mummies and more gold than you?ve ever seen before. Let us know if you see a mummy move!PLACE: Shanghai Museum PRICE: ￥30 (￥15 for students) TEL: 6888-6888 DATES: daily TIME: Monday-Friday 9:00 a.m. –5:00 p.m., Weekends 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m.Dining – Sushi chef in townSushi is getting really big in Shanghai. In Japan, it?s become an art form. The most famous Sushi …artis t? is Yuki Kamura. She?s also one of the few female chefs in Japan. She?ll be at Sushi Scene all of this month.PLACE: Sushi Scene in the Shanghai Hotel DATES: all monthPRICE: ￥200TIME: lunchtime TEL: 6690-3211For a full listing of events, see our website.75. Suppose you are going to attend an activity at 8:00 p.m. on Saturday, which one can you choose?A. Live Music – Late Night JazzB. Scottish dancingC. Exhibitions – Shanghai MuseumD. Dining – Sushi chef in town76. Which of following is true according to the advertisements?A. Scottish dancing is so interesting and easy that it never tires you out.B. The performance given by the American jazz band won?t last long.C. Sushi is not popular in Shanghai as it is a kind of Japanese traditional food.D. It is more interesting to visit Shanghai Museum for the exhibits from Egypt.77. From the text we may learn that Kamura is ______.A. a cookB. a waitressC. an instructorD. an artistF“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text and write it out, you?ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell,in your own words, what the lesson says you?re a verysuccessful learner indeed. Your English will be quite perfect. This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you?ll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bag news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.78. In the writer?s opinion, the most effective way in learning English is ______.A. to practise speaking, writing and feeling itB. to forget your own native languageC. to translate everything into his own languageD. to memorize the English words and grammatical rules79. “Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.” This sentence means that memorizing yourown language can ______.A. help you to study English wellB. to stop you mastering EnglishC. make English easy to learnD. help you notice mistakes80. Equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language” here means ______.A. to get a knowledge of English by touchingB. to be able to read and write EnglishC. to translate English into your own by imaginingD. to be able to experience the rich sensation of the languageIV. V ocabularyA. Fill in the blanks with the words in proper form. (1*10=10)1. The boy doesn?t want to brush his teeth every morning this week. Susan is complaining of her child?s strange b____________ these days.2. Life is a mixed box with all kinds of e____________ like love, joy, hate, fear and jealousy.3. Little girls are usually interested in the beautiful dolls in the shop window display while the boys aref____________ by the toy cars.4. When the people living in the crowded city get bored with the busy life in the city, they are dreaming abouthaving a house in a pleasant suburban（郊外的）d____________.5. According to the d____________ of the crime given by the witness, the police caught the thief in no time.6. My neighbour, Dr. Lee is a z____________. He has studied animals for fifteen years.7. --- Kate, do you have any plan for your summer vacation this year?--- I want to take a trip to Europe. But I need some more information to arrange my trip.--- I have a friend named Ken. He is working in a tour a____________. Maybe he can help.8. Most people don?t like snake because they are afraid of being bitten by them. But actually snakes will onlya____________ people when you disturb（骚扰）them.9. When spring comes, people like to spend their weekend in parks. Look! The Smiths are p____________ onthe grass. They enjoy their home-made food and have a nice talk in the sunshine.10. World War II began in 1939 and e____________ in 1945. It had great influence on the world in the lastcentury.B. Fill in the blanks with the words in right form given in the box. There is ONE EXTRA WORD. (1*10=10)belong absolute preserve nutritionist moodyartificialovereat balance average suggestions store1. The cookbook contains many simple meals with good _____________. For example, it tells you how to bakebread with nuts and fruit.2. My parents sometimes gave me _____________ that I couldn?t understand and accept at that time. But after some time or years, I realized that what they said was right.3. Some scientists studying on cats support the idea that cats use the tails to keep _____________.4. One of my roommates was _____________. When exams were coming, he became bad-tempered.5. The _____________ of 4, 5 and 9 is6.6. Susan bought some _____________ flowers to decorate her room because she is so busy that she doesn?thave enough time to take care of the real flowers which will easily wither（凋谢）。

深圳市外国语学校初二年级单元测试题第一章生活中的水一、选择题（每题1.5分，共57分）1、地球上水体储存量最大的是（）A、海洋水B、陆地水C、大气水D、冰川水2、生物体含水量最高的是（）A、人体B、水母C、黄瓜D、风干的种子3、关于压力，正确说法的是（）A、压力的方向总是竖直向下B、压力的大小总是等于物体的重力C、压力就是重力D、压力的的方向一定是垂直于支持物表面4、如下图所示，物体G重为6牛，物体M重为4牛，力F为4牛。

在下列各图中，G与地面或墙面受到压力为4牛的是（）5、质量相同的A、B、C三个物体，放在水平桌面上，它们对桌面产生的压强最大的是（）6、当压力为F、受力面积为S时，压强为P，那么（）A、当压力变为2F，受力面积变为2S时，压强变为2PB、当压力变为F/2，受力面积变为S/2时，压强变为P/2C、当压力变为2F，受力面积变为S/2时，压强变为P/4D、当压力变为F/2，受力面积变为2S时，压强变为P/47、一名韵律操运动员展示独掌支撑的雄姿时他的手掌对地面的压强最接近于（）A、5.0×102帕B、5.0×103帕C、5.0×104帕D、5.0×105帕8、如图，一只烧杯放在斜面上，若烧杯内盛水，水对杯底A、B两点的压强P A、P B的大小关系是（）A、P A>P BB、P A=P BC、P A＜P BD、无法确定9、堆密度定义式ρ=m/v的下列几种理解中，正确的是（）A、密度与物体的质量成正比B、密度与物体的体积成反比C、密度与物体的体积成正比D、密度是物质本身的一种特性，与物体的质量和体积无关10、平时所说的“棉花比铁轻”，它的实质是（）A、棉花的质量比铁小B、棉花的体积比铁大C、棉花的密度比铁的密度小D、棉花的密度比铁的密度大11、人体的密度跟水的密度差不多，由此可以估算出一个中学生的体积约为（）A、5分米3B、50分米3C、500分米3D、5.0米312、冬天户外水缸常会破裂的原因是（）A、水缸里的水结成冰后，密度变大B、水缸本身耐寒程度不够而破裂C、水缸里水结成冰后，质量变大D、水缸里水结成冰后，体积变大13、饱满种子的密度大约是ρ1=1.2×103kg/m3，较差种子的密度约为ρ2=1.0×103kg/m3，则选种用的盐水密度应为（）A、ρ>ρ1B、ρ1＜ρ2C、ρ2ρ＜ρ＜ρ1D、无法确定14、甲乙两种物体的体积之比为3:2，质量之比为3:4，那么甲、乙两物体的密度之比是（）A、3:8B、1：2C、9:8D、2:115、某钢气瓶中装有氧气，瓶内气体密度为6千克/米3，在一次急救中用去了其中质量的2/3，则剩下气体的密度是（）A、1.5千克/米3B、2千克/米3C、4千克/米3D、6千克/米316、一只瓶质量0.3千克，装满水后总质量1.3千克，装满盐酸后总质量1.5千克，则盐酸的密度是（）A、1.2千克/米3B、1.5千克/米3C、1.2×103千克/米3D、1.5×103千克/米317、在做“测盐水密度”的实验中，有下列步骤（1）用托盘天平测出盐水和烧杯的总质量（2）将盐水倒一部分到量筒中，读出量筒中盐水体积（3）用托盘天平测出烧杯和剩余盐水的质量（4）计算出盐水的密度值上述步骤合理顺序的是（）A、（1）（2）（3）（4）B、（4）（1）（2）（3）C、（2）（1）（3）（4）D、（3）（1）（2）（4）18、船从海里行驶到河里时（）A、船受到的浮力变小，船身沉下去一些B、船受到的浮力不变，船身浮上来一些C、船受到的浮力不变，船身沉下去一些D、船受到的浮力变大，船身浮上来一些19、如图所示两个密度计a、b、a密度计最上部刻线为1，而b密度计最下部刻线为1，若要测定酒精的密度，则应该使用密度计（）A、aB、bC、任意一个D、都不好用20、有一个实木漂浮在水面，露出水面的体积为实木的四分之一，则该实木的密度为（）A、0.25千克/米3B、0.75千克/米3C、0.25×103千克/米3D、0.75×103千克/米321、如图所示将一圆柱体铁块用弹簧称悬挂起来，并逐渐浸入水中，下列能正确表示铁块所受的浮力的侵入深度关系的是（）22、一块金属的重力为30牛，把它浸没在某液体中时，弹簧秤的示数为22牛，该金属块所受浮力是（）A、52牛B、30牛C、22牛D、8牛23、下列叙述正确的是（）A、溶液是均一的、稳定的混合物B、溶液的体积等于溶质体积和溶剂体积之和C、凡是无色透明的液体都是溶液D、溶质只能是固体和气体24、下列叙述正确的是（）A、饱和溶液一定是浓溶液B、不饱和溶液一定是稀溶液C、固体溶解度与溶剂多少有关D、一定温度下，同一固体在同一溶剂中，饱和溶液的溶质质量分数一定比不饱和溶液的溶质质量分数大25、有关于碘酒的质量，溶剂说法正确的是（）A、溶质是碘、溶剂是水B、溶质是碘、溶剂是酒精C、溶质是酒精、溶剂是水D、溶质是酒精、溶剂是碘26、有两个形状不同、但质量、底面积相同的容器，倒入相同质量的水（如图），则水对容器底部的压力大小分别为F a F b，整个容器对桌面的压强大小分别是P a P b，有关它们的大小关系正确的是（）A、F a>F b P a=P bB、F a=F b P a>P bC、F a>F b P a=P bD、 F a=F b P a＜P b27、某物质在某一温度的溶解度为25克，则在该温度下配制的饱和溶液中，溶质的质量分数是（）A、15%B、10%C、20%D、25%28、医用酒精中酒精的体积分数位70%（70体积的酒精与30体积的水配制而成），则其酒精质量分数为（P 酒精=0.8×103千克/米3）A 、70%B 、30%C 、34.9%D 、65.1%29、在下列条件下纯碱溶液质量分数最大的是（ ）A 、20℃的不饱和溶液B 、20℃的饱和溶液C 、80℃的不饱和溶液D 、80℃的饱和溶液30.20℃时，1千克水中溶解50克A 物质，恰好达到饱和，则A 物质的溶解性等级为（ ）A 、难溶B 、微溶C 、可溶D 、易溶31、在t ℃时，500克的硝酸钾溶液，蒸发40克水，析出20克晶体，继续蒸发40克水后，又有40克晶体析出，则该温度下硝酸钾的溶解度是（ ）A 、40克B 、50克C 、80克D 、100克32、60℃时，硝酸钾的溶解度为110克，（1）60℃时，把30克硝酸钾加到50克水里，得到硝酸钾溶液的质量为m 1；（2）60℃时，把30克硝酸叫加到20克水里，得到硝酸钾溶液的质量为m 2；请判断：（ ）A 、m 1=80克，m 2=50克B 、mm 1=80克，m 2=42克C 、m 1=70克，m 2=45克D m 1=70克，m 2=50克33、在60℃和70℃的硝酸钾溶解度分别为110克和138克，将119克70℃时硝酸钾的溶液冷却到60℃，析出的硝酸钾晶体质量为（不考虑水的蒸发）（ ）A 、7克B 、9克C 、14克D 、28克34、如图三条溶解度曲线，当它们的溶液接近饱和时，分别采用冷却热饱和溶液、蒸发溶剂、增加溶质的方法，均可使它变为饱和溶液的是（ ）A 、a 溶液B 、b 、c 溶液C 、c 溶液D 、a 、b 溶液35、西乡河的水经过下列哪种方法处理后，你会放心的饮用（ ）A 、过滤法B 、沉淀法C 、蒸馏法D 、煮到沸腾36、在野外和灾区可用下列那几个步骤将河水转化为饮用水，①化学沉淀（用明矾）②消毒杀菌（用漂白粉）③自然沉降④加热煮沸。

深圳市南山外国语学校物理八年级下册期末试卷含答案一、选择题1．下列数据最接近生活实际的是（）A．普通中学生步行的速度约为8m/sB．一名普通初中学生的重力约为500NC．一支铅笔的长度约为0.8mD．一个鸡蛋的质量约为50kg2．如图所示，使一薄钢条的下端固定，现分别用不同的力去推它，F1=F3=F4 F2，使其发生a、b、c、d各图中所示的形变，能说明力的作用效果与力的方向有关的两张图是（）A．ab B．ac C．ad D．bd3．用绳子拉着一辆小车在光滑的水平面上加速运动，小车速度为v时，绳子突然断开，小车将（）A．做减速运动B．先加速后匀速运动C．继续做加速运动D．以速度v做匀速直线运动4．生活中处处有物理，下列与压强知识有关的说法中，正确的是（）A．书包背带做得宽而平，是为了增加受力面积从而增大压强B．能用吸管将杯中饮料吸进嘴里，是利用了大气压强C．大气压强是随着海拔的升高而增大D．在气体和液体中，流速越大的位置，压强越大5．生活处处有物理，留心观察皆学问。

下列生活中的现象及其解释正确的是（）A．啄木鸟的嘴很尖细，可以减小压强，从而凿开树干，捉到躲藏在深处的虫子B．风筝能在空中飞行，是因为受到空气的浮力C．活塞式抽水机利用大气压可以把水从低处抽到高处D．接种疫苗时给注射器施力推药液是利用了大气压强6．如图所示的生活用具中，使用时属于等臂杠杆的是（）A．筷子B．托盘天平C．核桃夹D．瓶起子7．如图甲所示，均匀柱状石料在钢绳拉力的作用下从水面上方以0.5m/s的恒定速度下降，直至全部没入水中。

图乙是钢绳拉力F随时间t变化的图像。

若不计水的阻力，g=10N/kg，则下列说法正确的是（）A．石料受到的重力为900NB．石料的密度是1.8×103kg/m3C．如果将该石料立在水平地面上，则它对地面的压强为2.8×104paD．石料沉底后水平池底对石料的支持力为500N8．如图所示，底端装有电子阀门的圆柱形容器放在水平桌面上，容器中装有适量的水，一木块漂浮在水面上，控制阀门，使容器中相同时间内流出的水量相等．下列表示木块下表面处水的压强p1、容器对桌面的压强p2、木块的重力势能E p和木块所受的浮力大小F随时间t变化的关系图象中，可能正确的是（）A．B．C．D．二、填空题9．如图是小芳玩儿童蹦极跳床时的情景，在小芳与跳床接触的瞬间，跳床受到力的作用而弯曲，说明力可以改变物体的_______，小芳蹬跳床的力越大，跳床弯曲的越明显，说明力的作用效果与力的________有关。

2009年广东省深圳市中考化学试卷一、选择题1．（3分）能保持水的化学性质的粒子模型是（表示氢原子，表示氧原子）（）A． B．C．D．2．（3分）下列灾害发生时，其主要变化是化学变化的是（）A．地震B．台风C．雪灾D．火灾3．（3分）下列图示中，实验操作正确的是（）A．量筒读数B．过滤C．稀释浓硫酸D．向试管中放锌粒4．（3分）“全球变暖”已成为世界各国高度重视的环境问题．以下与“全球变暖”直接相关的是（）A．酸雨B．白色污染C．温室效应D．臭氧层空洞5．（3分）下列化学用语书写正确的是（）A．一氧化碳：CoB．两个氧原子：O2C．两个氢氧根离子：2OH﹣D．氧化镁中镁元素的化合价：6．（3分）第26届世界大学生运动会将于2011年在深圳举办，届时深圳地铁将全线贯通．从安全角度考虑，以下四种物质中，允许旅客带上地铁的是（）A．浓硫酸B．食盐C．汽油D．白磷7．（3分）白蚁能分泌蚁酸，其化学性质与盐酸相似．据此推断，下列最不容易被蚁酸腐蚀的是（）A．镀锌水管B．大理石地板C．铝合金门窗D．铜制饰品8．（3分）下列四种气体中，具有刺激性气味的是（）A．CO B．N2C．SO2D．CO29．（3分）在化学反应A+B═C+D中，已知20克A与9克B恰好完全反应，生成7克C．当反应有11克D生成时，参加反应的A的质量为（）A．5克 B．10克C．15克D．20克10．（3分）为了增加奶粉中的含氮量，不法商家在生产过程中添加了三聚氰胺（C3H6N6）．下列关于三聚氰胺的说法中，正确的是（）A．三聚氰胺中碳、氢、氮三种元素的质量比为1：2：2B．三聚氰胺充分燃烧后的生成物只有二氧化碳C．三聚氰胺中氮元素的质量分数可按下式计算N%=×l00%D．三聚氰胺是有机物二、解答题11．（5分）如图是实验室用双氧水（H2O2）溶液制取氧气的实验装置图，请回答：（1）仪器a的名称是，仪器b的名称是；（2）用排水法收集氧气的原因是；（3）将136克10%的双氧水溶液完全分解，可放出氧气克．12．（6分）周末，热爱科学的小琪选取有绿色叶片和白斑叶片的一种植物进行了光合作用实验（实验装置如图所示）：实验步骤：暗处理→光照→将叶片在酒精中隔水加热→漂洗→滴加碘液→观察叶片颜色变化实验结果：Ⅰ叶中未覆铝箔的部分和Ⅱ叶中的绿色部分都变蓝色，其它不变蓝色根据小琪韵实验结果可得出如下结论：①Ⅰ叶的实验结果说明光合作用需要；②Ⅱ叶的实验结果说明光合作用需要叶绿素，是在中进行；③分析Ⅲ叶和Ⅰ叶的实验结果，说明是光合作用的原料，推断的理由是（用化学方程式表示）．13．（3分）科学课上，老师向滴有无色酚酞试液的NaOH溶液中滴加稀HCl，同学们观察到溶液由红色变为无色．问题：NaOH溶液和稀HCl溶液是否刚好完全反应了呢？猜想：甲同学认为：可能NaOH有剩余，溶液呈碱性；乙同学认为：可能刚好完全反应，溶液呈中性；丙同学认为：可能滴加的HCl过量，溶液呈酸性．丁同学认为甲的猜测是错误的，理由是．验证：为了验证乙、丙同学的说法，丁同学设计了以下两种实验方案：14．（4分）A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H是化学实验中常见的八种物质，它们之间有如图所示的转化关系（其中E是白色沉淀，A和B可发生中和反应）：（1）写出B、F的化学式：B，F（2）反应①的化学反应类型是（3）反应②的化学方程式是．2009年广东省深圳市中考化学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．（3分）（2009•深圳）能保持水的化学性质的粒子模型是（表示氢原子，表示氧原子）（）A． B．C．D．【分析】根据分子是保持物质的化学性质的最小微粒，水的化学性质由水分子保持分析，根据水的化学式，判断水分子的微观结构图．【解答】解：水由水分子构成，所以水的化学性质由水分子保持；根据水的化学式H2O，可知水分子由两个氢原子和一个原子构成；故选：D2．（3分）（2009•深圳）下列灾害发生时，其主要变化是化学变化的是（）A．地震B．台风C．雪灾D．火灾【分析】本题考查学生对物理变化和化学变化的确定．判断一个变化是物理变化还是化学变化，要依据在变化过程中有没有生成其他物质，生成其他物质的是化学变化，没有生成其他物质的是物理变化．【解答】解：A、地震是大地的震动和分裂，只是形状发生变化，没有新的物质生成，属于物理变化，故A错；B、台风是由于风力太大，使很多物质的形状发生了变化，没有新物质生成，属于物理变化，故B错；C、雪灾是由于雪大而造成的灾害，没有新的物质生成，属于物理变化，故C错；D、火灾是由于物质燃烧形成的火灾，物质燃烧属于化学变化，故D正确；故选：D．3．（3分）（2009•深圳）下列图示中，实验操作正确的是（）A．量筒读数B．过滤C．稀释浓硫酸 D．向试管中放锌粒【分析】A、根据量筒的读数方法考虑；B、根据过滤操作的注意事项考虑；C、根据浓硫酸的稀释方法考虑；D、根据固体药品的方法考虑．【解答】解：A、量筒的读数方法：视线与凹液面最低处保持水平，不能俯视或仰视读数，故A错；B、过滤时要用玻璃棒引流，故B错；C、浓硫酸稀释方法：将浓硫酸沿着容器壁慢慢倒入水中，并用玻璃棒不断搅拌，故C正确；D、放锌粒时将试管横放，用镊子将锌粒放到试管口，再将试管慢慢竖起，不能用手拿锌粒，故D错．故选：C．4．（3分）（2009•深圳）“全球变暖”已成为世界各国高度重视的环境问题．以下与“全球变暖”直接相关的是（）A．酸雨B．白色污染C．温室效应D．臭氧层空洞【分析】根据相应的环境问题的形成原因回答此题．温室效应主要是由于空气中二氧化碳的含量增加导致气温的升高．【解答】解：A、酸雨是指pH＜5.6的降雨，主要是含硫燃料燃烧产生的二氧化硫排放到空气中造成的，故A错误；B、白色污染是指由大量使用难降解的塑料所引起的环境问题，故B错误；C、温室效应主要是由于空气中二氧化碳的含量增加导致气温的升高，故又称全球性气候变暖，故C正确；D、臭氧层空洞是因为冰箱等电器中的氟利昂破坏臭氧层的结果，与全球变暖无关，故D错误．故选：C．5．（3分）（2009•深圳）下列化学用语书写正确的是（）A．一氧化碳：CoB．两个氧原子：O2C．两个氢氧根离子：2OH﹣D．氧化镁中镁元素的化合价：【分析】本题考查化学用语的意义及书写，解题关键是分清化学用语所表达的对象是分子、原子、离子还是化合价，才能在化学符号前或其它位置加上适当的计量数来完整地表达其意义，并能根据物质化学式的书写规则正确书写物质的化学式，才能熟练准确的解答此类题目．【解答】解：A、根据元素符号的书写规则，由一个字母组成的元素符号要大写，由两个字母组成的元素符号要大写，故一氧化碳可表示为：CO；故A错误；B、元素符号前面的数字表示原子的个数，故两个氧原子可表示为：2O；故B错误；C、离子符号前面的数字表示离子的个数，故两个氢氧根离子可表示为：2OH﹣；故C正确；D、根据元素化合价的表示方法：确定出化合物中所要标出的元素的化合价，然后在其化学式该元素的上方用正负号和数字表示，正负号在前，数字在后，所以氧化镁中镁元素的化合价可表示为：O；故D错误；故选：C．6．（3分）（2009•深圳）第26届世界大学生运动会将于2011年在深圳举办，届时深圳地铁将全线贯通．从安全角度考虑，以下四种物质中，允许旅客带上地铁的是（）A．浓硫酸B．食盐C．汽油D．白磷【分析】本题考查防爆炸的安全知识，交通部门规定了严禁携带易燃物、易爆物、腐蚀品和危险品等进站，可结合物质的性质从安全角度考虑．【解答】解：易燃物、易爆物、腐蚀品和危险品等对旅客的安全会造成威胁，所以要严禁携带．A是具有强烈的腐蚀性；C是易燃物和易爆物；D是易燃物．故选：B．7．（3分）（2009•深圳）白蚁能分泌蚁酸，其化学性质与盐酸相似．据此推断，下列最不容易被蚁酸腐蚀的是（）A．镀锌水管B．大理石地板C．铝合金门窗D．铜制饰品【分析】利用知识迁移的方法，先回顾盐酸的化学性质，再类比蚁酸的化学性质．盐酸：易与锌反应；与大理石的主要成分碳酸钙发生反应；易与铝反应．而铜的金属活动性较差，盐酸不与铜反应．故可知答案．【解答】解：A、锌的活动性在氢前，所以能与盐酸蚁酸等酸反应生成氢气，故镀锌水管能被腐蚀；B、大理石的主要成分是碳酸钙，而碳酸钙能与盐酸蚁酸等反应生成二氧化碳，所以大理石地板能被蚁酸腐蚀；C、铝的活动性在氢前，所以能与盐酸蚁酸等酸反应生成氢气，故铝合金门窗能被腐蚀；D、铜的活动性在氢后，故不与盐酸反应．则最不容易被蚁酸腐蚀的是铜制饰品．故选：D．8．（3分）（2009•深圳）下列四种气体中，具有刺激性气味的是（）A．CO B．N2C．SO2D．CO2【分析】根据对常见气体的颜色和状态的记忆考虑．【解答】解：A、CO是无色无味的气体，故A错；B、N2是无色无味气体，故B错；C、SO2是无色有刺激性气味的气体，故C正确；D、CO2是无色无味的气体，故D错．故选：C．9．（3分）（2009•深圳）在化学反应A+B═C+D中，已知20克A与9克B恰好完全反应，生成7克C．当反应有11克D生成时，参加反应的A的质量为（）A．5克 B．10克C．15克D．20克【分析】由反应A+B═C+D中，由20gA与9gB恰好完全反应生成7g C，根据质量守恒定律，可计算生成D物质质量，判断反应中A、D物质质量关系，由反应有11gD生成可计算物质A的质量．【解答】解：根据质量守恒定律，反应A+B═C+D中，由20gA与9gB恰好完全反应生成7g C，根据质量守恒定律，生成D物质质量=20g+9g﹣7g=22g，则反应中物质A、D的质量比=20g：22g=10：11．则当反应有11gD生成时，参加反应的A质量=×10=10g．故选：B．10．（3分）（2009•深圳）为了增加奶粉中的含氮量，不法商家在生产过程中添加了三聚氰胺（C3H6N6）．下列关于三聚氰胺的说法中，正确的是（）A．三聚氰胺中碳、氢、氮三种元素的质量比为1：2：2B．三聚氰胺充分燃烧后的生成物只有二氧化碳C．三聚氰胺中氮元素的质量分数可按下式计算N%=×l00%D．三聚氰胺是有机物【分析】A、根据化合物中各元素质量比=各原子的相对原子质量×原子个数之比，进行分析判断．B、根据质量守恒定律进行分析判断．C、根据化合物中元素的质量分数=×100%，进行分析判断．D、根据含有碳元素的化合物叫有机化合物，简称有机物，进行分析判断．【解答】解：A、三聚氰胺碳、氢、氧元素的质量比（12×3）：（1×6）：（14×6）=6：1：14，故选项说法错误．B、三聚氰胺充分燃烧后的生成物是二氧化碳、水和氮的化合物，故选项说法错误．C、三聚氰胺中氮元素的质量分数可按下式计算100%，故选项说法错误．D、三聚氰胺是含碳元素的化合物，属于有机物，故选项说法正确．故选：D．二、解答题11．（5分）（2009•深圳）如图是实验室用双氧水（H2O2）溶液制取氧气的实验装置图，请回答：（1）仪器a的名称是圆底烧瓶，仪器b的名称是集气瓶；（2）用排水法收集氧气的原因是氧气不易溶于水；（3）将136克10%的双氧水溶液完全分解，可放出氧气 6.4克．【分析】（1）依据实验室常用仪器的认识解决此题．（2）根据氧气的收集方法反应了氧气的物理性质分析；（3）根据题中给出的数据计算出过氧化氢的质量，然后根据化学方程式计算．【解答】解：（1）依据实验室常用仪器的认识解决此题，a是圆底烧瓶；b是集气瓶，故答案为：圆底烧瓶；集气瓶；（2）用排水法收集氧气的原因是氧气不易溶于水，故答案为：氧气不易溶于水；（3）设136克10%的双氧水溶液完全分解，可放出氧气的质量为x．2H2O22H2O+O2↑68 32136g×10% x=解得x=6.4g故答案为：6.4．12．（6分）（2009•深圳）周末，热爱科学的小琪选取有绿色叶片和白斑叶片的一种植物进行了光合作用实验（实验装置如图所示）：实验步骤：暗处理→光照→将叶片在酒精中隔水加热→漂洗→滴加碘液→观察叶片颜色变化实验结果：Ⅰ叶中未覆铝箔的部分和Ⅱ叶中的绿色部分都变蓝色，其它不变蓝色根据小琪韵实验结果可得出如下结论：①Ⅰ叶的实验结果说明光合作用需要光照；②Ⅱ叶的实验结果说明光合作用需要叶绿素，是在叶绿体中进行；③分析Ⅲ叶和Ⅰ叶的实验结果，说明二氧化碳是光合作用的原料，推断的理由是（用化学方程式表示）2NaOH+CO2═Na2CO3+H2O．【分析】这一道题是考察的光合作用的条件和原料，条件是光能和叶绿体，原料是水和二氧化碳．【解答】解：Ⅰ．变量是光照．叶片变蓝是因为叶片内产生淀粉，淀粉是光合作用的产物，叶片只能在有光的时候进行光合作用．Ⅱ、白斑部分没有叶绿体，所以对照试验的变量是叶绿体．有叶绿体才能进行光合作用．Ⅲ、氢氧化钠溶液能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，所以变量是二氧化碳．叶片没有原料，不能进行光合作用；氢氧化钠溶液与二氧化碳反应生成盐和水，化学方程式为：2NaOH+CO2═Na2CO3+H2O．故答案为：I、光照；Ⅱ、叶绿体；Ⅲ、二氧化碳；2NaOH+CO2═Na2CO3+H2O．13．（3分）（2009•深圳）科学课上，老师向滴有无色酚酞试液的NaOH溶液中滴加稀HCl，同学们观察到溶液由红色变为无色．问题：NaOH溶液和稀HCl溶液是否刚好完全反应了呢？猜想：甲同学认为：可能NaOH有剩余，溶液呈碱性；乙同学认为：可能刚好完全反应，溶液呈中性；丙同学认为：可能滴加的HCl过量，溶液呈酸性．丁同学认为甲的猜测是错误的，理由是酚酞在碱性溶液显红色，若变为了无色，溶液不可能显碱性．验证：为了验证乙、丙同学的说法，丁同学设计了以下两种实验方案：【分析】酚酞遇碱性溶液会变成红色，若刚好完全反应，则反应后的溶液的pH 值为7，若溶液呈酸性，则溶液的pH值小于7，而碳酸钙可以和盐酸反应生成气体，可以据此解答该题．【解答】解：酚酞遇碱性溶液会变成红色，所以甲同学认为氢氧化钠溶液过量是不正确的；若刚好完全反应，则反应后的溶液的pH值为7，若溶液呈酸性，则溶液的pH值小于7，所以方案一中pH试纸检验测得pH值小于7，而方案二中碳酸钙可以和盐酸反应生成气体，综上可以知道丙同学的说法是正确的．故答案为：酚酞在碱性溶液显红色，若变为了无色，溶液不可能显碱性；14．（4分）（2009•深圳）A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H是化学实验中常见的八种物质，它们之间有如图所示的转化关系（其中E是白色沉淀，A和B可发生中和反应）：（1）写出B、F的化学式：B Ca（OH）2，F H2（2）反应①的化学反应类型是化合反应（3）反应②的化学方程式是CaCl2+Na2CO3═2NaCl+CaCO3↓．【分析】根据D通电会生成F和G，F和G点燃又会生成D，可以判断D是水，F和G是氢气或氧气中的一种，A和B会发生中和反应，所以A和B是酸或碱中的一种，A和铁反应又会生成氯化亚铁和F，所以A是盐酸，F是氢气，G就是氧气，水和氧化钙反应会生成氢氧化钙，B就是氢氧化钙，氢氧化钙和盐酸反应生成氯化钙和水，所以C就是氯化钙，氯化钙和碳酸钠反应生成白色的碳酸钙沉淀和氯化钠，所以E是碳酸钙，将推出的各种物质代入转化关系中验证即可．【解答】解：（1）D在通电的条件下会生成F和G，F和G在点燃的条件下又会生成D，可以判断出D是水，F和G是氢气或氧气中的一种，A和B会发生中和反应，所以A和B是酸或碱中的一种，A和铁反应又会生成氯化亚铁和F，所以A是盐酸，F是氢气，G就是氧气，水和氧化钙反应会生成氢氧化钙，B就是氢氧化钙，氢氧化钙和盐酸反应生成氯化钙和水，所以C就是氯化钙，氯化钙和碳酸钠反应生成白色的碳酸钙沉淀和氯化钠，所以E是碳酸钙，推出的各种物质均满足题中的转化关系，推导合理，所以B是：Ca（OH）2，F是：H2；（2）反应①是氧化钙和水反应生成氢氧化钙，满足化合反应多变一的条件，所以该反应是化合反应；（3）反应②是氯化钙和碳酸钠反应生成白色的碳酸钙沉淀和氯化钠，化学方程式为：CaCl2+Na2CO3═2NaCl+CaCO3↓．故答案为：（1）Ca（OH）2；H2；（2）化合反应；（3）CaCl2+Na2CO3═2NaCl+CaCO3↓．。

南山外语学校（高新部）2009-2010学年度第二学期八年级期中英语试卷命题人：陈平审题人：徐明珠笔试部分一、选择填空26．---Why are you laughing?---Because I read interesting news.A. anB. aC. theD. \27. The workers in the factory are well-paid. That’s why more and more people want to a job there.A. applied forB. apply toC. applied withD. apply for28. ---How shall we go to the island?---The best way of is .A. go there, take a taxiB. to to there, taking a taxiC. going there, taking a taxiD. going there, to take a taxi29. ---It’s almost the time.---Unless he here on time, we him/A. is coming, don't wait forB. comes, shall not wati forC. comes, will not wait forD. came, didn’t wait for30. ---What did you learn about science yesterday?---I knew that the sun in the east.A. risesB. roseC. was risingD. rise31. ---I can’t move the shelf.---Let me help you, it booksA. full ofB. is fill with B. is full ofC. filled with32. ---Why didn’t you go to bed?---I found difficult to finish homework.A. it ,so mcuhB. its, such manyC. me, so manyD. it, such much33. ---Did you see the man?---No, I was too man?A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frightening, frightenedD. frightened, frightening34. ---What are you searching ?---I need a pen to write .A. \ , \B. for, withC. for, \D. to , with35. There is a mouse in my bedroom. I am scared to death!A. aliveB. liveC. livesD. life36. ---Your mother always makes you .---Y es, that keeps me .A. studying boringB. study, boredC.to study, to boreD.study, boring37. ---A large numeber of people in the street.---The number of them about 10000.A. is , isB. is, areC.are, are B. are, is38. ---Peter is looking at the dog.---And the dog looks . too.A. angrily, angryB. angry, angrilyC.angry, angryD.angriley, angrily39. ---You are late for school again.---Sorry, I 4 hours homework last night.A. paid, forB. spend, onC. took, to doD.spent, doing40. ---Long time no see, are you still drawing pictrues?---Y es, and I draw better than .A. I doB. didC. I didD. do二、完形填空Many people like traveling for their holiday. They go to 41 , seaside or forests. Some people like 42 ,so they like to visit some old interesting places. In many countries, the travel agency can help y ou r43 your holiday .You can tell the travel agency what kind of 44 you like,how much 45 you want to pay ,and the travel agency will give you a lot of information about where to go,how46 there,where to say ,and what kind of activities you can do there.47the holidays is 48 “Package”holiday.49 is,you just pay the money ,and the travel agency will plan 50 for you ,the ticket for the train or plane ,the hotel ,the activities,and so on.41.A.schools B.shops C.hills D.the Great Wall42.A.history B.music C.country D.city43.A.to plan B.planned C.plans D.planning44.A.weather B.holiday C.train D.city45.A.water B.day C.time D.money46.A.get B.to get C.getting D.got47.A.Both B.All C.One of D.Every one of48.A.call B.calling C.calls D.c alled49.A.That B.What C.How D.This50.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something三．阅读理解（20%）AMost childen like to watch TV,It is very interesting.By watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many things about their country and the world.Of course,they can also learn over the radio .But they can learn better and more easily with TV.Why?Because they can hear and watch at rhe same time.But they can’t see anything on the radio.TV helps to open children’s eyes .TV helps to pen their minds,too.They learn newer and better ways of doing things.They may find the would is now smaller than before.Many children watch TV only on Saturday and Sunday and Sunday erening.They are always busy with their lessons.But some children watch TV every night.They go to bed very late.They can’t have a good rest.How about you ,my young friend?根据短文内容，判断句子正误，正确写“T”错误写“F”。

-2010深圳外国语学校初二下学期期末测试有答2022年-2022年深圳外国语学校初二下学期期末测试有答深圳外国语学校2022年―2022年第二学期期末测试初二科学试卷命题人：习建儿审题人：习建儿可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 O：16 K：39 Cl：35.5 Mn：55一、选择题(本题包括36小题，每小题1.5分，共1.5×36=54分。

注意：每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请将符合题意的选项序号填涂在答题卡上)1. 下列符号中，既表示一个原子，又表示一种元素，还表示一种物质的是( )。

A、Ca0B、O2C、HD、Au 2. 化学反应前后肯定没有变化的是（）①原子数目②分子数目③元素种类④物质总质量⑤物质种类⑥原子种类A、①③④⑥B、①③④⑤C、①②③④⑥D、①②④⑥3. 如右图所示是我国拥有全部自主知识产权的第一条磁悬浮列车。

磁悬浮列车的车厢和铁轨上分别安放着磁体，车厢用的磁体大多是通有强大电流的电磁铁，通过磁体间的相互作用，车身离开铁轨，实现悬浮运行。

磁悬浮列车车速理论上可达1000千米/时。

现有下列说法（1）磁悬浮列车利用了同名磁极相互排斥（2）磁悬浮列车利用了异名磁极相互排斥（3）悬浮列车消除了车体与铁轨之间的摩擦（4）磁悬浮列车增大了车体与铁轨之间的摩擦正确的组合是（）A、（1）（3）B、（l）（4）C、（2）（3）D、（2）（4）4. 下列含硫元素的物质中，硫元素的化合价最高的是( )。

A、SO2B、H2SO4C、H2SD、Na2SO35. 下列各装置中，利用电磁感应原理工作的是（）A.电磁铁 B.发电机 C.电炉子 D.电动机6. 当今世界面临的三大环境问题是酸雨、臭氧层空洞和温室效应，其中形成酸雨的主要原因是人们向空气中排放大量的（）A．CO B．CH4 C．CO2 D．SO27. 王丽同学家的熔丝熔断了，其原因可能是( )。

A．开关接触不良B．开关中的两个接头短路了C．插头跟插座的接触不良D．电路中使用了功率过大的用电器8. 下列说法正确的是A．核外电子数相同的微粒，一定是同种元素B．同种元素的原子，质子数一定相同C．木炭在氧气中燃烧，发红光D．红磷燃烧时生成大量白雾9. 根将水分吸收到植物体内的顺序是( )①导管②土壤溶液③成熟区表皮细胞内各层细胞④根毛细胞A、①②③④B、②④③①C、②③④①D、③②④① 10. 人体在呼气时，有关膈肌的变化，叙述正确的是（）Ａ．膈肌收缩，膈顶部下降，使胸廓的上下径增大Ｂ．膈肌舒张，膈顶部下降，使胸廓的上下径增大Ｃ．膈肌舒张，膈顶部回升，使胸廓的上下径缩小Ｄ．膈肌收缩，膈顶部回升，使胸廓的上下径缩小2022年-2022年深圳外国语学校初二下学期期末测试有答11. 某同学在做环割枝条树皮的实验时，将一棵小树主干的树皮割掉一圈，一段时期后，这棵小树的变化是（）。

深圳外国语学校物理八年级下册期末试卷含答案一、选择题1．下列物体重力接近15N的是（）A．人民英雄纪念碑B．一头牛C．一个中学生D．一只鸡2．如图所示，跳伞运动员和伞在空中匀速直线下降，所受的总阻力为f，人和伞重分别为G人和G伞，它们的关系是（）A．G人=f-G伞B．f+G伞=G人C．G人+G伞＞f D．以上三种情况都有可能3．如图，物体重50 N静止在竖直的墙壁上，F压=30 N，若物体与墙壁的接触面积为0.2 m2，下列分析正确的是（）A．物体对墙壁的压强为250 PaB．物体受到竖直向上的摩擦力大小等于50 NC．物体受到的压力越大，摩擦力越大D．若物体受到的力全部消失，则物体向下运动4．下列实例中，为了增大压强的是（）A．书包带做的很宽B．骆驼的脚掌很宽大C．火车轨道下面垫枕木D ．刀用久了要磨一磨5．如图所示，物理小组利用体积为1703cm 的潜水艇模型（忽略进气排气管的体积）探究潜水艇在水中如何实现上浮或下沉，下列说法不正确的是（331.010kg/m 10N /kg g ρ=⨯=水，取）（ ）A ．模型浸没在水中受到的浮力为1.7NB ．模型浸没后继续下沉的过程中受到的浮力大小不变C ．若要让悬浮的模型上浮应使模型中进水D ．潜水艇能上浮或下沉是通过改变自重实现的6．如图所示，轻质杠杆AC 可以绕O 点转动，:3:1AO OB =，甲、乙两物体重均为300N ，甲的底面积为4cm 2，杠杆始终保持水平平衡，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．甲对地面的压强为5×105PaB ．地面对甲的支持力为100NC ．A 端受到甲的拉力为200ND ．物体乙从B 点向C 点移动过程中，甲对地面的压强逐渐增大7．如图所示，相同的小球在盛有不同液体的容器中保持静止，四个容器中的液面到容器底的距离相同，则容器底受到的液体压强最大的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．8．图甲所示，超超在平地上用水平向右的力推木箱，推力随时间变化的图像如图乙所示，木箱速度随时间变化的图像如图丙所示，以下说法正确的是（）A．0~3s内推力小于摩擦力B．3s~6s内木箱处于平衡状态C．6s~9s内木箱所受摩擦力大小为3ND．9s~12s内推力做功的功率大小为6W二、填空题9．生活中很多利用物理知识的实例：如图在墙上挂图时，可自制一个重锤来检查图是否挂正，这是利用了________；我们用力捏一下易拉罐，易拉罐变扁了，这说明力可以改变物体的________。

初中八年级生物(下册)期中试卷（附参考答案）(时间：60分钟分数：100分)班级：姓名：分数：一、选择题（共25个小题，每题2分，共50分）1、红树林枝繁叶茂、根系发达，能扎根于海滩淤泥，有效的防止波浪对海岸和海堤的侵蚀。

红树林的根系发达属于（）A．生物对环境的依赖B．生物对环境的影响C．生物对环境的适应D．环境对生物的影响2、下列关于生物与人类关系的叙述不正确的是A．吃生鱼片等食物有可能感染华枝睾吸虫病B．人类可以从蛭的唾液中提取蛭素，生产抗血栓药物C．病毒一旦侵入人体，就会使人患病D．珊瑚虫形成的珊瑚礁能为有些海洋动物提供栖息场所3、鱼不断地用口吞水，再从鳃盖后缘排水，这样做的意义是（）A．使身体能运动B．交换体内多余的水C．散发体内的热量D．完成呼吸和取食4、如图是人一次平静呼吸中肺内气压与外界气压差曲线，下列叙述正确的是（）A．在曲线AB段的变化中，肋间肌和膈肌处于收缩状态B．在曲线BC段的变化中，胸廓的前后径和左右径由大变小C．B点是本次呼吸中呼气结束的瞬间，此时肺内气体全部排出体外D．C点是本次呼吸中吸气结東的瞬间，此时肺内气压等于外界气压5、下图是用显微镜观察口腔上皮细胞临时装片看到的视野，导致这一结果的操作可能是（）A．涂抹不均B．盖盖玻片不当C．染色不均D．放大倍数过大6、人体的每个肾由100多万个肾单位组成，如图为一个肾单位的结构示意图，下列相关叙述正确的是（）A．[2]内流动的血液中含有较多的二氧化碳B．[6]内流动的血液中二氧化碳和代谢废物均较少C．[4]内有血细胞、葡萄糖、尿素、水和无机盐等D．[5]肾小管能重吸收全部葡萄糖、大部分水和部分无机盐7、下列叙述中，与关节的牢固性相适应的特点是( )①关节囊的内外有韧带②坚韧的关节囊包绕着整个关节③关节腔内有少量的滑液④关节面上有光滑的关节软骨A．①②B．③④C．①②③D．①②③④8、下列关于动物在生物圈中的作用，叙述错误的是（）A．没有动物，生态系统的物质循环就无法进行B．动物直接或间接以植物为食，对植物的生长、繁殖并不总是有害的C．不能随意引进某种动物，否则可能会影响生态系统的平衡状态D．蜜蜂采集花粉时，能帮助植物传粉9、某人因车祸大腿受伤（如图所示），鲜红的血液喷射而出。

初中八年级生物下册期中考试卷及答案【A4版】(时间：60分钟分数：100分)班级：姓名：分数：一、选择题（共25个小题，每题2分，共50分）1、动物能利用动作、声音和气味传递信息，以下不属于动物个体间信息交流的是（）A．昆虫分泌性外激素引诱异性B．乌贼遇到敌害时释放出墨汁C．蜜蜂发现蜜源后的各种舞蹈D．老母鸡“咯咯”地召唤小鸡2、用鼻呼吸比用口呼吸好，原因是（）①鼻毛可阻挡吸入的尘埃②鼻黏膜分泌的黏液可使吸入的空气变得清洁、湿润③嗅细胞接受气味的刺激④鼻黏膜内丰富的毛细血管能温暖吸入的空气A．①②④B．①③④C．①③D．②③④3、下列哪种物质不能为人体生命活动提供能量（）A．脂肪B．蛋白质C．维生素D．糖类4、植物的根不断地向土壤的深层生长，是因为根尖的（）活动的结果A．根冠B．分生区C．伸长区D．分生区和伸长区5、侧柏是园林绿化常用的树种，属于裸子植物。

与被子植物比较，下列叙述错误的是（）A．都能产生种子B．种子外都有果皮包被C．受精过程都脱离水的限制D．根茎叶内都有输导组织6、血红蛋白的特性决定了红细胞的主要功能是（）A．运输氧气 B．运输二氧化碳 C．运输养料D．运输废物7、下列关于人体相关的结构和功能的描述中，正确的是（）A．肝脏是人体最大的消化腺，它分泌的消化液含有多种消化酶B．小肠是人体主要的消化和吸收场所，只有小肠能够化学性消化脂肪C．脊髓中有多个神经中枢，可以独立的完成部分调节活动而不受大脑皮层的控制D．肺的基本结构和功能单位是肺泡，肺泡壁对肺具有保护作用8、下列关于动植物与人类关系的叙述中，错误的是（）A．线形动物大多寄生在人、家畜、家禽和农作物体内，危害人体健康，损害农牧业生产B．扁形动物中的蚯蚓既能提高土壤肥力，还有净化环境的作用C．许多软体动物的贝壳都是重要的中药材D．对人类而言没有绝对的有害动物和绝对的有益动物9、昆虫的两种变态发育方式的全过程可以分别用如图的部分内容表示，已知D 为卵期。