2018年12月四级真题第二套

2018年12月四级真题第二套听力原文Short Conversations1. W：I’d like to take a trip to Florida for my spring break. Can you give me any idea where to go?M：I could tell you about the places I visited, but I think you’d better look up a travel agency to help the arrangement.Q：What does the man suggest the woman do?2. M：I'm really tired of driving at night, even though the traffic seems fine.W：I see. Let's stop for some food and then find a motel nearby, so we can start early tomorrow.Q：What do we learn about the speakers?3. M：Jeff's got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he is willing to come to the meeting?W：Oh, I think he'd be glad to come, but what's difficult is getting the guy to speak before a large crowd.Q：What does the woman imply about Jeff?4. W：I hear you are leaving the company and going back to school this year.M：Yes. I'm enrolled in a graduate program in Public Administration.Q：What is the man going to do?5. W: Have you applied for the art director position?M: No, I’d like to, but the job starts on the first of May and I wouldn’t be available until June.Q: What does the man mean?6. W: Will my car be ready by the end of the day?M: It should be. I’ll call if there are any problems. We are open until 6:00.Q: What is probably the man’s job?7. W: I have a big paper due Monday, but I promise Laura we’d clean the apartment this weekend. What am I going to do?M: Why don’t you just see if Laura can wait for a week or two?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?8. W: Construction on the bridge has really slowed the traffic.M: I know. Since they started working* the time it takes me to get to work has doubled.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Long Conversation 1W: Sales department. Can I help you?M：Oh, yes. I hope so. My name is Kings Bruce of GPF Ltd. (9) We need some supplies for our design office.W：I see. What sort of things are you looking for, Mr. Kings Bruce?M：Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.W：Well, in the standard range, we have the D044, and the D045models.M：Oh, what’s the difference between them?W：Well, the D045 has the mending system and it does cost slightly more as a result.M：So what is the total price?W：For the D045, it is 387 pounds 50 pence.M：And does that include value added tax?W：Oh, yes.M：Can you tell me how long it takes to deliver?W：I can’t give a definite date now I’m afraid, because it depends on the other orders we have to get out. But it will certainly be within three weeks.M: OK, now we also want some drawing pens, ink and correction fluid, and some drawing paper.W：(10) Ah, now the lady who deals with drawing office supplies isn’t here this morning I’m afraid. But I could ask her to give you a ring this afternoon if you like.M: Oh, yes. Thank you.W: What is your telephone number?M：It is Redding. (11) That is code 0734, 21653-51.W: OK, I will get Miss Thompson to ring you this afternoon. Now would you like me to place an order for one D045 drawing board?M：Yes, please. You’ve been most helpful. Goodbye.W：Goodbye.Q9. What’s the man’s purpose in making the telephone call?Q10. Why can’t the man order the other drawing office suppliesright now?Q11. What’s the man's telephone number?Long Conversation 2W: I’m so worried about Mark these days. (12) Ever since he moved into his apartment, he has been losing weight. He really doesn't look well at all.M: He should try to gain some weight. He is probably not eating enough.W: Well, anyway, how is Tim these days?M: Tim? Oh, Tim has been worried, too. (13) He is really getting much too fat. He needs to lose about 75 pounds now.W: That’s a lot of weight to lose. What does Tim eat?M: I really don’t know. But I am sure he is eating too much cake and candy.W: Well, did I tell you Mark doesn’t eat any meat now? He only eats vegetables and fruit.M: That’s probably why he is so thin. Does he smoke?W: Does he smoke? About two packs of cigarettes a day. That’s my son, a smoking vegetarian.M: En, if he stops smoking, he would gain weight. I know he would. Tim put on a lot of weight when he stopped smoking.W: Does Tim play any sports?M: (14) Play sports? Oh, my! I keep telling him, "Tim, dear, you really need to get some exercise.”And you know what he does? He just gets angry.W: (14) I know Mark doesn’t take exercise, either.M: Did you tell him?W: Of course, but you know what it is like being a mother of a13-year-old boy. They just don’t think they need your advice anymore. (15) I wish Mark could find a nice girlfriend to relax and have fun with. I heard Tim has a girlfriend at last. That’s wonderful.Q12. When did Mark start losing weight according to the woman?Q13. Why is the man worried about Tim?Q14. What did Mark and Tim have in common?Q15. What is the woman's wish for Mark?Passage 1Good afternoon. This is Diane Martinet with the midday news on KALF. (16) Fires in California continue to burn out of control, and several small towns in the forests near San Francisco are still in danger. One of the greatest dangers to the 500 firefighters, however, comes not from the fires, but from poison plants in the forest. (17) Many firefighters have got skin problems after touching the plants, and at least three have had to go to the hospital for treatment for their skin problems.NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Agency, today announced in Florida that the next space shuttle mission has been canceled. The mission was scheduled for an 11:30 a.m. takeoff on Tuesday. (18) However, the flight has been canceled because of problems with the spaceship’s central computer system. NASA technicians noticed the computer problems during last-minute checks.Seven teenager computer specialists have been arrested by police in New Jersey. (19) After taking an advanced computer course at school, the seven boys, all from Princeton, New Jersey, illegally obtain top-secretinformation from government computers in Washington. They also started to use their home computers to access telephone networks.In New York, the value of the dollars stayed the same today. But in Tokyo, the dollar fell dramatically. At the end of the day, it was worth 83 yen, compared to 88 yen yesterday.Q16. What does the midday news on KALF say about fires in California?Q17. What do we learn about many of the firefighters?Q18. What do we learn from the news about the space shuttle mission?Q19. What do we learn about the seven boys in New Jersey?Passage 2(20) When you live in an apartment building, where only wall separates you from your neighbors, everyone needs to be considerate of each other. That’s not what happened in my apartment building. Someone was always leaving the clothes in the washers and dryers in the laundry room. I got tired of running up and down the stairs to see if the clothes had been removed，so I could start my own one. Obviously someone else got tired, too. (21) Because one day, someone took clothes from the washer and dryer，and dumped them in the corner. This act started a battle of letters posted on the wall of the laundry room. The first letter was from Mindy Lance who was really angry that her clothes had been removed from the washer and dryer, and dumped. She then threatened to dump everybody else's clothes she herself found in the washer and dryer. Mindy Lance’s letter enraged other residents and they posted the letters to her. Eventually, Mindy began to behave properly buthard feelings remained. The problem couldn't have been resolved better.(22) The residents had informed the building manager; she then could inform all residents that the clothes should be removed from the washers and dryers within 50 minutes after their wash is done. Those who refuse to obey might not have their leases renew. That could be a fare consent solution. Neighbor problems may sometimes seem inevitable, but it’s important to resolve them fairly.Q20. What does the speaker think residents in an apartment building need to be?Q21. What started a battle of letters in the laundry C) room?Q22.What does the speaker think might be a better way to resolve the problem?Passage 3In today’s class, we'll discuss Toni Morrison's novel Beloved. As I’m sure you all know, (23) Morrison is both a popular and highly respected author and it’s not easy to be both. Born in 1931, Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on theAfrican-American experience ever written by anyone. And yet to call her an African-American writer doesn’t seem to do her justice. In many ways, she’s simply an American writer and certainly one of the best. Beloved is a truly remarkable work. It was recommended for nearly every nature literary class, including the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and it in fact won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988. (24) Morrison herself is distinguished for having won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993. What makes Beloved unique is the skillful sure way in which Morrison blends intensely personal storytelling andAmerican history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of blacks with the experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with the sense of mysterious spirituality.We will be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this work and I’m particularly interested in your views on the relative importance of grace and gender in this book. (25) Is it more important that Sethe, the main character is black, or that she is a woman? Which contributes more to her being? What does Morrison tell us about both?Q23. What do we learn about Toni Morrison?Q24. What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?Q25.What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character, in Morrison’s novel Beloved?Compound Dictation26. In addition 27. software 28. available29. individuals 30. technological 31. manufacture32. In short 33. By contrast 34. scientific 35. quantity。

2018年12月四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short es s ay on the challenges of s杠dy ing a ro叫.You should write at least 120 words but叩more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ,B),C) a nd D) . Then mark the co汀esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on th e news report you have just heard.1.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A) H e suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) H e once served in a fr r e department.C) H e was collecting building materials.D) H e moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on th e news report you have just beard.3.A)Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.C) H elp British people understand their paychecks.4.A) Children t吐e maths courses at an earlier age.B) T he public sees the value of maths in their life.C) B ritish people know how to do elementary calculations.D)阳mary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.B) Change British people's negative view of maths.D) L aunch a campaign to promote maths teaching.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)He owns a fleet of aircraft.B)He is learning to be a pilot.C) H e regards his royal duties as a burden.D) H e held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) H e can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.C) H e can show his difference from other royalty.7.A) T hey enjoyed his company.C) T hey rarely recognised him.Section BB) H e can change his focus of attention and relax.D) H e can come into closer contact with his people.B) T hey liked him in his uniform.D) T hey were surprised to see him.． Directmns: In this ·uh zsection, you wi ear two ong conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear fourquestions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8.A) T hey were skilled carpenters themselves.C) W ood supply was plentiful in Romania.9.A) P rovide quality furniture at affordable prices C) E nlarge their company by hiring more workers.10.A) T hey are from her hometown.C) T hey all come from Romania.11.A) A ll across Europe.C) M ostly in Bucharest.B) I t didn't need much capital to start with.D) T hey saw a business opportunity there.B) A ttract foreign investment to expand business. D) O pen some more branch companies in Germany.B) T hey are imported from Germany.D) T hey come from all over the continent.B) T hroughout the world.D) I n Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.A) G o to a concert with him and his girlfriend.C) G o with him to choose a pearl for Susan.13.A) I t is sponsored by local restaurants.C) I t is especially popular with the young.14.A) T hey design a special set of menus for themselves.B) T hey treat themselves to various entertainments.C) T hey go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D) T hey participate in a variety of social events.15.A) M ore restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) T his year's Restaurant Week will start soon.C)) B igger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week. D) M ore types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CB) T ry out a new restaurant together in town.D) A ttend the opening of a local restaurant.B) I t specializes in food advertizing.D) I t provides information on local events.．Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.At the end f h ·zz h h f oeac passage, you wi ear t ree or our questw 瓜．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. A fter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B)Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) I mproving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D) E xplaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17 .A) T hey were disliked most by children.C) T hey were least used in Belgian cooking.18.A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.C) P arents watch closely what children eat.B) T hey were considered most nutritious.D) T hey were essential to children's health.B) C hildren's eating habits can be changed.D) Children's choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) Space exploration has serious consequences.C) T here is quite a lot to learn about the moon.20.A) It is costly to bring back.C) It is of no use on Earth.21.A) R ecord details of space exploration.B) M onitor the change of lunar weather.B) I ndia has many space exploration programs.D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.B) It is risky to destroy.D) It is damaged by radiation.ect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.C) Study the effD) E xplore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) I t is likely t o remam a means of busmess commumcat10n.B) I t is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.C) I t will gradually be replaced by social media.D) I t will have to be governed by specific rules.23.A) Save the message in their file.B) M ake a timely response.C) E xamine the information carefully.D) See if any action needs to be taken.24.A) I t is to be passed on.B) I t is mostly junk.C) I t requires no reply.D) It causes no concern.25.A) M ake it as short as possible.B) U se simple and clear language.C) Adopt an informal style of writing.D) A void using capitals for emphasis.Part ill Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is ident加d by a letter: Please mark the correspondi ng letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属）with a voice-mail message? F1own by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. W ith so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best—28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We've 29 b·usmess commumcat1on consultants and etiquette (礼仪）experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face commumcatJ.on 1s the most 31 . 0止er choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-m组1message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is em叫Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-m叫How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? "My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?" says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. "So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally 35 ."A)avoid B) c onvemence C) e ffectivelyD) e scape E)intimate F) p articularlyG)primary H)prompt!)rewardJ) s ilent K) s pecific L) s urveyedM) u nfriendly N)warning 0) w itnessedSection BDirectmns: In th· is section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA) T he busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix.By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for aglimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B) H is name was Marie-Antoine Careme, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourme汀ood(美食），write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.C)Careme's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery.Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either1783 or 1784, a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution.At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board.By age 15, he had become an apprentice (学徒）to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.D) C areme was quick at learning in the kitchen, Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write. C或me would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture.In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E) I n Iris teenage years, Careme fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century's most famous buildings-cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples.Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.F) C areme's creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand­Perigord.Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged C或me to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year.The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Careme.G)French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th centurycooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society, he too called Careme to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace.In 1810, Careme designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie­Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modem chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. "I want order and taste.A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes, " he later wrote in one of his cook books.H)ln 1816, C邱me began a culinary (烹任的）journey which would forever mark his place as history's first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modem Great Kitchen of the prince regent (摄政主），George lV, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful C邱me made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and admire—him.I)C邱me's cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Careme's fancy creations into the dining hall. F or a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia's visit to George IV's Brighton Pavillion on Jan.18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.J) As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Careme forged the new art of French gourmetfood.Locked in hot kitchens, C areme created his four "mother sauces." These sauces—bechamel, veloute, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses.He also perfected the souffle—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chefs uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. T he white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Careme—and in his realm, appearance was everything.K) B etween meals, Careme wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals : including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, c ompleted after his death)first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, C邱me walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to "try this for yourself, at home" as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L) I n the end, however, it was the kitchen that did Careme in. Decades of working over coal frres in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) h ad fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan.12, 1833, Careme died just before he turned 50.M) B ut in his lifetime, Careme, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen.He wanted to"set the standard for beauty in classical and modem cooking, a nd prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world," as he wrote in his papers.N) D ecades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Careme's concept of French cuisine (烹任）. But in the very beginning, t here was just Careme, the top chef who elevated dining into art.36.Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.37.Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38.Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections,39.Careme learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.40.Careme's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41.Careme's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.42.Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.43.Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.44.Careme's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.45.Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. E ach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and DJ.You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends awayfrom your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes.But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.Should you tell your friends, for instance, t hat they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?"It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. "I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette (礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, a nd whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, b ut rather personal preferences.She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, b ecause the technology is just now becoming mainstream.Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. "I'm always a fa n of being open and honest." For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home. You don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors'favor. "If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it, "she says. "In fa ct, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn't steal the $ 20, or knock the vase off the table."46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B) They don't want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.C) The security camera may tum out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.4 7. W hat does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A) The effect of manners advice on the public.C) The increasing use of home security devices.B) Cost of applying new technologies at home.D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48. W hat is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A) Legal rights. B) Moral issues.C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.)D The possible impact on manners.49. W hat is a host's responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?A) Making their guests feel at ease.B) Indicating where they are.C)Turning them off in time.D) Ensuring their guests'privacy.50.In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A) It can satisfy their curiosity.B) It can prove their innocence.C) It can help them learn new technology.D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic （流行病）．The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. B ut those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's grow山But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers'lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary (久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good." Society has to change its habits," she added. "We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're breaking that trade-off."PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its , environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was " committed to sustaining investment", adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's research and development budget in 2015 was $ 754血llion.51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?A) To win support from the federal government.B) To be more competitive in the global market.C) To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.52.What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A) Invest more to develop new snacks.D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.B) Reduce levels of obesity in the US.C) Change consumers'eating habits.D)Keep on improving its products.53.Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A) To ensure the company's future development.C) To help improve its consumers'lifestyles.54. W hat does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A) It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.C) It is attributable to people's changed lifestyles.B) To adapt to its customers'changed taste.D) To break the trade-off in its product design.B) It results from high sugar and salt consumption.D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55.What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its ob j ective?A)Studying WHO's guidelines.C) Expanding its market overseas. Part IVB) Increasing its research funding.D)Cutting its production costs. Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fr om Chinese into English. You should write your an.swer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

2018 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题完整版（含答案解析）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor ’ s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people ’ s negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company.B) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised him.D) They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, youwill hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didn ’t nee u d ch m capital to start with.C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B) Attract foreign investment to expand business.C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from Romania.D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) All across Europe. B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in Bucharest. D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.B) Try out a new restaurant together in town.C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurants.B) It specializes in food advertizing.C) It is especially popular with the young.D) It provides information on local events.14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainments.C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D) They participate in a variety of social events.15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This year ’s Restaurant W w ee i lk l start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children.B) They were considered most nutritious.C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.D) They were essential to children ’ s health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.B) Children ’ s eating habits can be changed.C) Parents watch closely what children eat.D) Children ’ s choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Space exploration has serous consequences.B) India has many space exploration programs.C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20. A) It is costly to bring back. B) It is risky to destroy.C) It is of no use on Earth. D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration.B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.D) It will have to be governed by specific rules.23. A) Save the message in their file.B) Make a timely response.C) Examine the information carefully.D) See is any action needs to be taken.24. A) It is to be passed on. B) It is mostly junk.C) It requires no reply. D) It causes no concern.25. A) Make it as short as possible.B) Use simple and clear language.C) Adopt an informal style of writing.D) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a 26 to a subordinate ( 下属)with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity —and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that's best —28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcomenews for the recipient? We've 29 business communication consultants and etiquette ( 礼仪)experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 . Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?”says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “ Sowhen I apologize, I usually choose in -person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally 35 . ”A) avoidI) rewardB) convenience J) silentC) effectivelyD) escapeK) specificE) intimate L) surveyedF) particularly M) unfriendlyG) primary N) warningH) prompt O) witnessedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA) The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowdedoutside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B) H is name was Marie-Antoine Car me,êand he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. Butin his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize Frenchgourmet food （美食）, write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and otherimportant people.C) C ar ême's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poorparents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Car me was sudêdenly abandoned at the height of theFrench Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange forroom and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice （学徒）to Sylvain Bailly, a well-knowndessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.D) C ar ême was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn toread and write. Car meêwould often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library readingbooks on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his bakingtalent combined to work wonders —he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E) I n his teenage years, Car ême fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century's most famous buildings—cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations —often as large as 4feet tall —in his bakery windows.F) C ar ême's creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Mauricede Talleyrand-P riégord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Car ême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoidrepeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand successandTalleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Car me. êG) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste ofearly 18th century cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society, he too called Car me tohis kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Car ême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modern chefs tofocus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “ Iwant order and taste. A5 / 19well- displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes, ”he later wrote in one of his cookbooks.H) I n 1816, Car ême began a culinary (烹饪的) journey which would forever mark his place ashistory's first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modern Great Kitchen of the prince regent(摄政王)，George Ⅳ, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar AlexanderⅠ of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Car ême made a fortune aswealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he wouldoften include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—andadmire —h im.I) C ar ême's cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautifuland imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Car me's fancy creaêtions into thedining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia's visit to George Ⅳ 's BrightonPavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40main courses, and 32 desserts.J) A s he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Car meêforged the new art ofFrench gourmet food. Locked in hot kitchens, Car êmecreated his four “mother sauces. ”Thesesauces—béchamel, velout ,éespagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for manyFrench main courses. He also perfected the souffl —éa baked egg dish, and introduced the standardchef's uniform —the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today.The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Car ême—and in his realm,appearance was everything.K) B etween meals, Car mêe wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the nextcentury. His manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of FrenchCooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking,complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Car êmewalked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “trythis for yourself, athome” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L）In the end, however ，it was the kitchen that did Car me in. Dêecades of working over coal fires intight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged hislungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Car me dieêd just before he turned 50.M ）But in his lifetime, Car me, evêe r confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen.He wanted to “ sethe standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distantfuture that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world, ” as he wrote papers.N）Decades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Car me's conceptêof French cuisine （烹饪）. But in the very beginning, there was just Car me, the toêp chef who elevated dining into art.36. Car37. Car mêe was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.mêe wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding6 / 19in the world.38. Car39. Car40. Car mêe benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections. mêe learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.mêe's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41. Car ême's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out ofordinary ingredients.42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Car me. ê43. Car44. Car45. Car mêe became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families. mêe's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.mêe's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turningfriends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected securitycamera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to thinkabout the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, thatthey're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?“It'scertainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install, s”a ysLizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it willbe very interesting to see what etiquette （礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have acamera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc.She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet,because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn'tdictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feelcomfortable within their home. “ I'm always a fan of being open and honest. ” For instance, if the ho casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enoughto provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameraswatching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors'favor. “ If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it,says. “In fact, the camera could be th t e hing that proves that they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vaseoff the table. ”46. F or what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B) They don ’t want their photos to e c b irculated on the Internet.7 / 19C) The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A) The effect of manners advice on the public.B) Cost of applying new technologies at home.C) The increasing use of home security devices.D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A) Legal rights. C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.B) M oral issues D) The possible impact on manners.49. What is a host ’ s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?A) Making their guests feel at ease.B) Indicating where they are.C) Turning them off in time.D) Ensuring their guests ’privacy.50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A) It can satisfy their curiosity.B) It can prove their innocence.C) It can help them learn new technology.D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing oneswith lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifiesamid an obesity epidemic （流行病）.The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry tooffer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients —PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips nowcontains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it stillhas a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forcedradical change on the industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, whichstand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for thecompany's growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers ’lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary （久坐不动的）not least because more time isspent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution was to produce healthier snacks that stilltasted good.“ Society has to change its habits, ”she added. “ We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to havea taste trade-off. But we're breaking that trade- off. ”PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was “committed to sustaining investment ”ad, d ing that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.51. W hy is PepsiCo making a policy change?A) To win support from the federal government.B) To be more competitive in the global market.C) To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A) Invest more to develop new snacks.B) Reduce levels of obesity in the US.C) Change consumers ’ eating habits.D) Keep on improving its products.53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A) To ensure the company’ s future development.B) To adapt to its customers ’ changed taste.C) To help improve its consumers ’lifestyles.D) To break the trade-off in its product design.54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A) It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.B) It results from high sugar and salt consumption.C) It is attributable to people ’ s changed lifestyles.D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55. What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?A) Studying WHO ’s guidelines. B) Increasing its research funding.C) Expanding its market overseas. D) Cutting its production costs.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

2018 年 12 ⽉真题 （第⼆套）监控摄像头 Security Cameras Roughly the size of a , sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home.The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes.But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?"It's certainly new territory, especially as home become easier to install," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors."I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette emerges interms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."soda can ⼀个⼤致只有苏打⽔易拉罐那么⼤的，放在书架上的看起来没什么危险的⼩玩意⼉，可能会让朋友对你的家敬⽽远之。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people’s negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company.B) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised him.D) They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didn’t need much capital to start with.C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B) Attract foreign investment to expand business.C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from Romania.D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) All across Europe.B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in Bucharest.D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.B) Try out a new restaurant together in town.C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurants.B) It specializes in food advertizing.C) It is especially popular with the young.D) It provides information on local events.14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainments.C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D) They participate in a variety of social events.15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children.B) They were considered most nutritious.C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.D) They were essential to children’s health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.B) Children’s eating habits can be changed.C) Parents watch closely what children eat.D) Children’s choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Space exploration has serous consequences.B) India has many space exploration programs.C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20. A) It is costly to bring back.B) It is risky to destroy.C) It is of no use on Earth.D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration.B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.D) It will have to be governed by specific rules.23. A) Save the message in their file.B) Make a timely response.C) Examine the information carefully.D) See is any action needs to be taken.24. A) It is to be passed on.B) It is mostly junk.C) It requires no reply.D) It causes no concern.25. A) Make it as short as possible.B) Use simple and clear language.C) Adopt an informal style of writing.D) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA) The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B)His name was Marie-Antoine Carême, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food （美食）, write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.C)Carême's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Carême was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice （学徒）to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris's most fashionable neighborhoods.D)Carême was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write.Carême would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E)In his teenage years, Carême fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century's most famous buildings—cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.F)Carême's creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice deTalleyrand-Périgord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Carême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand's association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Carême.G) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris's high society, he too called Carême to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Carême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want orde r and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.H)In 1816, Carême began a culinary (烹饪的) journey which would forever mark his place as history's first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modern Great Kitchen of the prince regent (摄政王)，George Ⅳ, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander Ⅰ of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Carême made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and admire—him.I)Carême's cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Carême's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia's visit to George Ⅳ's Brighton Pavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.J)As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Carême forged the new art of French gourmet food. Locked in hot k itchens, Carême created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufflé—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chef's uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Carême—and in his realm, appearance was everything.K)Between meals, Carême wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Carême walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L）In the end, however，it was the kitchen that did Carême in. Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Carême died just before he turned 50.M）But in his lifetime, Carême, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen. He wanted to “set the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his papers.N）Decades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Carême's concept of French cuisine （烹饪）. But in the very beginning, there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art.36. Carême was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.37. Carême wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38. Carême benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.39. Carême learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.40. Carême's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41. Carême's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Carême.43. Carême became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.44. Carême's writings dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.45. Carême's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?“It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette （礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.”Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferenc. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I'm always a fan of being open and honest.”For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they areu ncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor. “If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it,”she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B) They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.C) The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A) The effect of manners advice on the public.B) Cost of applying new technologies at home.C) The increasing use of home security devices.D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A) Legal rights. C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.B)Moral issues D) The possible impact on manners.49. What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?A) Making their guests feel at ease.B) Indicating where they are.C) Turning them off in time.D) Ensuring their guests’ privacy.50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A) It can satisfy their curiosity.B) It can prove their innocence.C) It can help them learn new technology.D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic （流行病）.The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary （久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo's contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.“Society has to change its habits,”she added. “We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we're breaking that trade-off.”PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was “committed to sustaining investment”, adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo's research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?A) To win support from the federal government.B) To be more competitive in the global market.C) To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A) Invest more to develop new snacks.B) Reduce levels of obesity in the US.C) Change consumers’ eating habits.D) Keep on improving its products.53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A) To ensure the company’s future development.B) To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.C) To help improve its consumers’ lifestyles.D) To break the trade-off in its product design.54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A) It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.B) It results from high sugar and salt consumption.C) It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55. What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?A) Studying WHO’s guidelines. B) Increasing its research funding.C) Expanding its market overseas. D) Cutting its production costs.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

2018年12月四级第二套部分真题参考答案(完整版)Part ⅠWritingThe Challenges of Studying Abroad①As is universally acknowledged, it is by no means easy to study abroad ②since you could come across a list of unexpected difficulties and setbacks which you cannot imagine before going abroad.③First of all, the top challenge is the culture shock, which means you may not adapt to the exotic life during the first few days or even months. ④secondly, the language barrier could be a nightmare for many foreign students who possess poor mastery of the official language of the country where they study.⑤Last but not least, you could be overwhelmed by the academic requirements if you are not well prepared. Long lists of reference books, numerous projects, papers and professors with varying personalities could wear you out.⑥Despite all these terrifying challenges, you will finally manage to come through this "dark age" with your hard work, persistence and endurance. And then a bright future will await you.Part ⅡListening Comprehension1. A2. C3. B4. D5. D6. B7. C8. D9. A10. C11. A12. B13. D14. C15. B16. B17. A18. B19. D20. A21. C22. A23. B24. C25. DPart III Reading Comprehension26-35：NBFLC EMKGA36-45：GMFCE DAHKB46-55：ADCAB CDACBPart IV TranslationIt is a fact that more and more Chinese can hardly live without their mobile phones nowadays. Many of them, including senior citizens, use mobile apps to keep in touch with others and expand their circles of friends. They also use mobile phones to shop online and search for information because they are portable. What's more, communication through mobile apps costs less than traditional phone calls. However, this new trend results in the over-reliance on mobile phones when people are socializing. As a matter of fact, some young people have become so addicted to mobile phones that they have neglected the face-to-face communication with their family and friends.。

2018年12月四级英语听力真题第二套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections：In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people's negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4.A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7.A) They enjoyed his company.B) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised him.D) They were surprised to see him.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduation Nowadays the employment of college graduates has become a hot topic in the society. The majority of students find it not that easy to get themselves adapt to the workplace when they first start their career, and the challenges they confront are multi-faceted. According to statistics, living and working independently become a headache for graduates fresh out of school. The reason is that students have already got used to the way teachers and families are there to support whenever they are in need of help. While in work field, there is no mentor who would take their hands and teach them. What’ s more, for graduates who work and dwell outside the hometown, they have to do all the household chores including sweeping the floor, washing clothes, cooking and so on. Apart from these, college graduates need to learn how to deal with interpersonal relationship in the workplace, which is much more sophisticated and complex compared with that on campus. All in all, graduates should hold a positive attitude towards these challenges and try their best to learn as much as possible. Only through these ways can they overcome the obstacles in work and have a brighter future.解析：这是一篇议论文写作。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(CET4)及答案(第二套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard。

(完整版)2018年12月英语四级真题及答案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一部分写作2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)【作文一参考范文】It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.【参考译文】众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.B) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.C) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.D) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.2. A) He once served in a fire department.B) He was collecting building materials.C) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.B) Help British people understand their paychecks.C) Change British people，s negative view of maths.D) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.4.A) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.B)British people know how to do elementary calculations.C)The public sees the value of maths in their life.D)Children take maths courses at an earlier age.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He is learning to be a pilot.B) He owns a fleet of aircraft.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can change his focus of attention and relax.B) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company.B) They rarely recognised him.C) They were surprised to see him.D) They liked him in his uniform.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 arebased on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They saw a business opportunity there.B) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.C) It didn’t need much capital to start with.D) They were skilled carpenters themselves.9. A) Open some more branch companies in Germany.B) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.C) Attract foreign investment to expand business.D) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They all come from Romania.C) They are imported from Germany.D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) Throughout the world.B) Mostly in Bucharest.C) All across Europe.D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.B) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.C) Try out a new restaurant together in town.D) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.13. A) It provides information on local events.B) It is especially popular with the young.C) It specializes in food advertising.D) It is sponsored by local restaurants.14. A) They participate in a variety of social events.B) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.C) They treat themselves to various entertainments.D) They design a special set of menus for themselves.15. A) More types of food will be served this Restaurant WeekB) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant WeekC) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.D) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four —Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for themD) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.17. A) They were considered most nutritious.B) They were essential to children’s health.C) They were least used in Belgian cookingD) They were disliked most by children.18. A) Children's choices of food vary greatly.B) Parents watch closely what children eat.C) Children's eating habits can be changed.D) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.B) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.C) India has many space exploration programs.D) Space exploration has serious consequences.20. A) It is risky to destroy.B) It is of no use on Earth.C) It is costly to bring back.D)It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration,B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.D) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It will have to be governed by specific rules.B) It will gradually be replaced by social media.C) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.D) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.23. A) Make a timely response.B) Save the message in their file.C) See if any action needs to be taken.D) Examine the information carefully.24. A) It is to be passed on.B) It requires no reply.C)It causes no concern.D) It is mostly junk.25. A) Make it as short as possible.B) Use simple and clear language.C) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.D) Adopt an informal style of writing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a__26__ to a subordinate（下属）with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips to lay can be good for__27__ and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the oneth at’s best— __28__ when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We’ve __29__ business communication consultants and etiquette（礼仪）experts to come up with the following guidelines for__30__ using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most __31__. Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most __3__ is email. Some of these may change order according to the __33__ situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult Message you’ve got to deliver? “My __34__ concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “ So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally __35__.”A) avoidB) convenienceC) effectivelyD) escapeE) intimateF) particularlyG) primaryH) promptI) rewardj) silentK) specificL) surveyedM) unfriendlyN) warningO) witnessedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA)The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B) His name was Marie-Antoine Careme, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food （美食)，write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.C) Careme's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice（学徒）to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris’ most fashionable neighborhoods.D) Careme was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write. Careme would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E) In his teenage years, Careme fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century’s most famo us buildings一cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces andtemples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations一often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.F) Careme's creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-P6rigord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Careme to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand’s association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Careme.G) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris’ high society, he too called Careme to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Careme designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modem chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my e yes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.H) In 1816, Careme began a culinary（烹饪的）journey which would forever mark his place as history’s first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modem Great Kitchen of the prince regent（摄政王)，George IV, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for thetables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Careme made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and —admire—him.I)Careme's cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Careme's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia’s visit to George IV’s Brighton Pavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.J)As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Careme forged the new art of French gourmet food. Locked in hot kitchens, Careme created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—bechamel, veloute, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufifle—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chefs uniform—the same double- breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Careme—and in his realm, appearance was everything.K)Between meals, Careme wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L) In the end, however, it was the kitchen that did Careme in. Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Careme died just before he turned 50.M) But in his lifetime, Careme, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen. He wanted to ”set the standard for beauty in classical and modem cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his papers.N) Decades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Careme’s concept of French cuisine （烹任）.But in the very beginning, there was just Careme, the top chef who elevated dining into art.36.Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.37. Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38. Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.39. Careme learned his trade from a famous desert chef in Paris.40. Careme’s creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41.Careme’s knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.43. Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.44. Careme’s writing dealt with the fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.45. Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?“It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” say s Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette （礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue.”Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn’t dictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I’m always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors* favor. “If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B) They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.C) The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.47. What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A) The effect of manners advice on the public.B) Cost of applying new technologies at home.C) The increasing use of home security devices.D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A) Legal rights.B) Moral issues.C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.D) The possible impact on manners.49. What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?A) Making their guests feel at ease.B) Indicating where they are.C) Turning them off in time.D) Ensuring their guests，privacy.50.In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A) It can satisfy their curiosity.B)It can prove their innocence.C) It can help them learn new technology.D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic（流行病）.The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. But thoseshifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company’s growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary（久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo’s contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a tastetrade-off. But we’re breaking that trade-off.”PepsiCo’s plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines fromthe World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reachits goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past fiveyears and was “committed to sustaining investment”，adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo’s research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?A) To win support from the federal government.B) To be more competitive in the global market.C) To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.52.What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A) Invest more to develop new snacks.B) Reduce levels of obesity in the US.C) Change consumers’ eating habits.D)Keep on improving its products.53.Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A)To ensure the company’s future development.B) To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.C) To help improve its consumers’ lifestyles.D) To break the trade-off in its product design.54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A) It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.B) It results from high sugar and salt consumption.C) It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55.What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?A)Studying WHO，s guidelines.B)Increasing its research funding.C)Expanding its market overseas.D)Cutting its production costs.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studyins dbroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.Afier you hear aquestion,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B)A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C)A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D)A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.C)He was collecting building materials.B)He once served in a fire department.D)He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B)Change British people's negative view of maths.C)Help British people understand their paychecks.D)Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4.A)Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B)The public sees the value of maths in their life.C)British people know how to do elementary calculations.D)Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)He owns a fleet of aircraft.B)He is learning to be a pilot.C)He regards his royal duties as a burden.D)He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B)He can change his focus of attention and relax.C)He can show his difference from other royalty.D)He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A)They enjoyed his company.B)They liked him in his uniform.C)They rarely recognised him.D)They were surprised to see him.Section BDuettions:In this section,you will hear tuo long conversations.At the end of each conttersutton,you wiyrear Jour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Ayier you hear.question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D.Thenmarthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)They were skilled carpenters themselves.C)Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.B)It didn't need much capital to start with.D)They saw a business opportunity there.9.A)Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B)Attract foreign investment to expand business.C)Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D)Open some more branch companies in Germany.10.A)They are from her hometown.C)They all come from Romania.B)They are imported from Germany.D)They come from all over the continent.11.A)All across Europe.C)Mostly in Bucharest.B)Throughout the world.D)In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend. C)Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.B)Try out a new restaurant together in town.D)Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13.A)It is sponsored by local restaurants.C)It is especially popular with the young.B)It specializes in food advertizing.D)It provides information on local events.14.A)They design a special set of menus for themselves.B)They treat themselves to various entertainments.C)They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D)They participate in a variety of social events.15.A)More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B)This year's Restaurant Week will start soon.C)Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D)More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three offour questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a auestion,youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B)Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C)Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D)Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them. 17,A)They were disliked most by children.C)They were least used in Belgian cooking.B)They were considered most nutritious.D)They wereessential to children's health.18.A)Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.C)Parents watch closely what children eat.B)Children's cating habits can be changed.D)Children's choices of food vary greatly.Onestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Space exploration has serious consequences.B)India has many space exploration programs..C)There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D)A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20.A)It is costly to bring back.C)It is of no use on Earth.B)It is risky to destroy.D)It is damaged by radiation.21.A)Record details of space exploration.B)Monitor the change of Junar weather.C)Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.D)Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B)It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.C)It will gradually be replaced by social media.D)It will have to be governed by specific rules.23.A)Save the message in their file.B)Make a timely response.C)Examine the information carefully.D)See if any action needs to be taken.24.A)It is to be passed on.B)It is mostly junk.C)It requires no reply.D)It causes no concern.25.A)Make it as short as possible.B)Use simple and clear language.C)Adopt an informal style of writing.D)Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to colleague?Delivered a 26 to a subordinate(下属)with a voice-mail message?Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person?The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity-and at the same time very troublesome.With so many ways to communicate,how should a manager choosethe one that's best 28 when the message to be delivered is bad orunwelcome news for the recipient?We've 29 business communication consultants and etiquette(礼仪)experts to come upwith the following guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all,choose how personal you want to be,Aface-to-face communication is the most31 .Other choices,in descending order of personalization,are:a real-time phone call,a voice- mail message,a handwritten note,a tvpewritten letter,and the most 32 is email.Some of these。

2018 年 12 ⽉真题（第⼆套）百事公司价值数⼗亿美元的健康计划 PepsiCo Multibillion-Dollar Health Driveis to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic.The maker of and has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients — PepsiCo claims a packet of its crisps now contains less salt than a slice of .However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry.But those shifts have yet to be re flected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo's chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company's growth.PepsiCo 百事公司将花费数⼗亿美元开发饮料和零⻝，同时现有的产品也改⽤低糖、低盐和低脂的配⽅。

Part I. Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II. Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。

At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。

Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Change British people's negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4.A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.B) He is learning to be a pilot.C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7.A) They enjoyed his company.B) They liked him in his uniform.C) They rarely recognised him.D) They were surprised to see him.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations。

2018年12月英语四级真题答案卷二试题与答案（部分）2018年12月英语四级真题答案卷二写作就业的挑战Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.With economic globalization and cultural integration go side by side, an increasing number of college students are inclined to study abroad, including senior middle school students.The challenges of studying abroad can be listed as below. Initially, different habits and customs can cast some unexpected effects on our life. We are not used to living in a completely strange environment. Similarly, teaching philosophy and methods among diverse countries are contradictory sometimes, which is not suitable for juveniles. At last, studying abroad needs huge expense. Not only should our parents take pressure, but also we do heavy part-time jobs after school.By and large, were it left to me to comment, I would recommend that students are expected to fully consider whether studying abroad is the best choice for themselves and their family.2018年12月英语四级真题答案卷二阅读选词填空部分：26.I remedies27.D inconvenience28.H recommended29.C hesitant30.O worse31.B experiences32.J scared33.M pressured34.L sink35.E lessen匹配题部分：Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor36-40：FCLEA41-45：NMDKH36.A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds37.Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it38.Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor39.Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated40.The author's research centers around how food gets contaminated41.Keeping everything clean is best way to stay healthy42.Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor43.For a long time people have the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences45.Researchers found how many bacteria got into the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor仔细阅读部分：第1篇：猫如何快速找到猎物?46.What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?答：C,They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt47.What may account for the cat's response to the noise from the containers?答：D,Their mastery of cause and effect48.What is characteristic of the way cats hunt,according to the Japanese researchers? 答：B,They rely mainy on their hearing49.In what way do babies behave like cats?答：A,They focus on what appears odd50.What can we conclude about cats from the passage?答：B,They interact with the physical world much like humans第二篇：无人驾驶汽车带来的影响?51.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?答：A,People would be driving in a more civilized way52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?答：A，They could enjoy greater mobility53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?答：D,Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living 54.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries? 答：B,Retaining of employees55.What does the author suggest businesses and the govemment do?答：C,Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies2018年12月英语四级真题答案卷二翻译【手机改变支付方式】过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。

2018年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. C) He was collecting building materials.B) He once served in a fire department. D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B) Chang e British people’s negative view of maths.C) Help British people understand their paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.B) He is learning to be a pilot. D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.C) He can show his difference from other royalty.D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company. C) They rarely recognised him.B) They liked him in his uniform. D)They were surprised to see him.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.B) It didn’t need much capital to start with.C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.D) They saw a business opportunity there.9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B) Attract foreign investment to expand business.C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.10. A) They are from her hometown.B) They are imported from Germany.C) They all come from all Romania.D) They come from all over the continent11. A) All across Europe.B) Throughout the world.C) Mostly in Bucharest.D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend. C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.B) Try out a new restaurant together in town. D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurants. C) It is especially popular with the young.B) It specializes in food advertizing. D) It provides information on local events.14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.B) They treat themselves to various entertainments.C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D) They participate in a variety of social events.15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant WeekD) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17. A) They were disliked most by children. C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.B) They were considered most nutritious. D) They were essential to children’s health.18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value. C) Parents watch closely what children eat.B) Children’s eating habits can be changed.D) Children’s choices of food vary greatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.。

2018年12月份真题卷（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第二套真题的听力试題与第三套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different __26__ I tried, I still couldn’t get rid of the cough. Not only did it __27__ my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and __28__ traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was __29__ because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much __30__. that I couldn’t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new __31__ to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping（刮）treatment known as ‘Gua Sha’. I was a little __32__ at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the __33__ strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to __34__ deeper into relaxation. I didn’t feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to __35__. Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen B) experiences C) hesitant D) inconvenience E) lessen F) licensesG) pressured H) recommended I)remedies J)scared K)sensitiveL)sink M)temporary N)tremble O)worseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is It really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?[A]When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.[B]While the ‘five-second rule’ might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.[C]So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.[D]Wondering is food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.[E]In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovestop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you’re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.[F]So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clark and her colleagues introduced bacteria transferred from the tiles to the cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.[G]But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2,4,8 and 24 hours.[H]We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn’t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface — whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and thisdecreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what’s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.[I]We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48 - 70% of bacteria were.[J]Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters（参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.[K] Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.[L] And it’s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various ‘media’, which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing（打喷嚏）. Hands, foods and utensils （器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers （清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.[M] So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.[N] Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. The author’s research centers around how food gets contaminated.41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45.Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey （猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled（发出响声）；others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn’t.It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.“Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,” lead researcher S aho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats’ hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what’s called “preferential looking” —looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.When babies’ expectations are violated in experiments like the ones perform ed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay,so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America’s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they’ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47. What may account for the cats’ response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.B) Their unusual sense of direction.C) Their special ability to perceive.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48.What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts.B) They rely mainly on their hearing.C) They wait some time before attack.D) They use both their ears and eyes.49. In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.B) They view the world as normal.C) They do what they prefer to do.D) They are curious about everything.50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals（踏板）.Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?”You say “yes”and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It would save local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.B) They would suffer no road accidents.C) They would have no trouble driving.D) They could go anywhere they want.53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D) Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A) Political dissatisfaction.B) Retraining of employees.C) Fossil fuel conservation.D) Business restructuring.55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A) Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.B)A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.C)A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.D) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.2. A) He once served in a fire department.B)He was collecting building materials.C)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A)Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.B)Help British people understand their paychecks.C)Change British people，s negative view of maths.D) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.4.A) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.B)British people know how to do elementary calculations.C)The public sees the value of maths in their life.D)Children take maths courses at an earlier age.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) He is learning to be a pilot.B)He owns a fleet of aircraft.C)He regards his royal duties as a burden. D)He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can change his focus of attention and relax.B)He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.C)He can show his difference from other royalty.D)He can come into closer contact with his people.7.A) They enjoyed his company.B)They rarely recognised him.C)They were surprised to see him.D) They liked him in his uniform.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 arebased on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) They saw a business opportunity there.B)Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.C)It didn’t need much capital to start with.D) They were skilled carpenters themselves.9.A) Open some more branch companies in Germany.B)Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.C)Attract foreign investment to expand business.D) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.10.A) They are from her hometown.B)They all come from Romania.C)They are imported from Germany.D)They come from all over the continent.11.A) Throughout the world.B)Mostly in Bucharest.C)All across Europe.D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.B)Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.C)Try out a new restaurant together in town.D) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.13.A) It provides information on local events.B)It is especially popular with the young.C)It specializes in food advertising.D)It is sponsored by local restaurants.14.A) They participate in a variety of social events.B)They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.C)They treat themselves to various entertainments.D)They design a special set of menus for themselves.15.A) More types of food will be served this Restaurant WeekB)Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant WeekC)More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.D)This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four —Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.A)Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.B)Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C)Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for themD) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.17.A) They were considered most nutritious.B)They were essential to children’s health.C)They were least used in Belgian cookingD) They were disliked most by children.18.A) Children's choices of food vary greatly.B)Parents watch closely what children eat.C)Children's eating habits can be changed. D)Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.B)There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.C)India has many space exploration programs.D) Space exploration has serious consequences.20.A) It is risky to destroy.B)It is of no use on Earth.C)It is costly to bring back.D)It is damaged by radiation.21.A) Record details of space exploration,B)Monitor the change of lunar weather.C)Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.D) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) It will have to be governed by specific rules.B)It will gradually be replaced by social media.C)It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps. D)It is likely to remain a means of business communication.23.A) Make a timely response.B)Save the message in their file.C)See if any action needs to be taken.D) Examine the information carefully.24.A) It is to be passed on.B)It requires no reply.C)I t causes no concern.D) It is mostly junk.25.A) Make it as short as possible.B)Use simple and clear language.C)Avoid using capitals for emphasis.D) Adopt an informal style of writing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a __26__ to a subordinate （下属） with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips to lay can be good for __27__ and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best— __28__ when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We’ve __29__ business communication consultants and etiquette （礼仪） experts to come up with the following guidelines for__30__ using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most __31__. Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most __3__ is email. Some of these may change order according to the __33__ situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult Message you’ve got to deliver? “My __34__ concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “ So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally __35__.”A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD) escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardj) silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA)The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B)His name was Marie-Antoine Careme, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food （美食) ，write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.C)Careme's childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Careme was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice （学徒） to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris’ most fashionable neighborhoods.D)Careme was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write. Careme would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E)In his teenage years, Careme fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century’s most famous buildings 一cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations一often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.F)Careme's creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-P6rigord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Careme to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits andvegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand’s association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Careme.G)French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris’ high society, he too called Careme to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Careme designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modem chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.H)In 1816, Careme began a culinary（烹饪的）journey which would forever mark his place as history’s first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modem Great Kitchen of the prince regent（摄政王)，George IV, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Careme made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and —admire—him.I)C areme's cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Careme's fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia’s visit to George IV’s Brighton Pavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.J)As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Careme forged the new art of French gourmet food. Locked in hot kitchens, Careme created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—bechamel, veloute, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufifle—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chefs uniform—the same double- breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Careme—and in his realm, appearance was everything.K)Between meals, Careme wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L)In the end, however, it was the kitchen that did Careme in. Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Careme died just before he turned 50.M)But in his lifetime, Careme, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen. He wanted to ”set the standard for beauty in classical and modem cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his papers.N)Decades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Careme’s concept of French cuisine （烹任）.But in the very beginning, there was just Careme, the top chef who elevated dining into art.36.Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.37.Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38.Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.39.Careme learned his trade from a famous desert chef in Paris.40.Careme’s creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41.Careme’s knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredients.42.Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.43.Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.44.Careme’s writing dealt with the fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.45.Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet- connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?“It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette （礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue.”Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn’t dictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I’m always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors* favor. “If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”46.For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A)The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B)They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.C)The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.47.What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A)The effect of manners advice on the public.B)Cost of applying new technologies at home.C)The increasing use of home security devices.D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48.What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A)Legal rights.B)Moral issues.C)Likes and dislikes of individuals.D) The possible impact on manners.49.What is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?A)Making their guests feel at ease.B)Indicating where they are.C)Turning them off in time.D)Ensuring their guests，privacy.50.In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A)It can satisfy their curiosity.B)It can prove their innocence.C)It can help them learn new technology.D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic（流行病）.The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company’s growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary（久坐不动的） not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo’s contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we’re breaking that trade-off.”PepsiCo’s plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was “committed to sustaining investment”，adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo’s research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.51.Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?A)To win support from the federal government.B)To be more competitive in the global market.C)To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.52.What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A)Invest more to develop new snacks.B)Reduce levels of obesity in the US.C)Change consumers’ eating habits.D)Keep on improving its products.53.Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A)To ensure the company’s future development.B)To adapt to its customers’ changed taste.C)To help improve its consumers’ lifestyles.D)To break the trade-off in its product design.54.What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A)It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks.B)It results from high sugar and salt consumption.C)It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55.What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?A)Studying WHO，s guidelines.B)Increasing its research funding.C)E xpanding its market overseas.D)Cutting its production costs.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。