汽车专业英语0Introduction

英语介绍汽车作文Title: Introduction to Automobiles。

Introduction:Automobiles, also commonly known as cars, play an indispensable role in modern society. From providing convenient transportation to facilitating economic activities, cars have become an integral part of our daily lives. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of automobiles, including their history, technological advancements, environmental impact, andfuture prospects.History of Automobiles:The history of automobiles dates back to the late 19th century when pioneers like Karl Benz and Henry Ford introduced the first gasoline-powered vehicles. Since then, automobiles have undergone significant evolution, from theinvention of the assembly line to the integration of advanced technologies like electric propulsion and autonomous driving systems.Types of Automobiles:Automobiles come in various shapes, sizes, and types to cater to different needs and preferences. Some common types include sedans, SUVs (Sport Utility Vehicles), trucks, and electric vehicles (EVs). Each type serves a specific purpose, whether it's commuting, off-roading, or transporting goods.Technological Advancements:The automotive industry is continuously evolving, driven by technological innovations aimed at enhancing performance, safety, and sustainability. Advancements such as hybrid engines, regenerative braking systems, and connected car technologies have revolutionized the way we perceive automobiles. Moreover, the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) represents a significant shift towardscleaner and more sustainable transportation solutions.Environmental Impact:While automobiles offer unparalleled convenience, they also contribute to environmental pollution and climate change. The combustion of fossil fuels in traditional gasoline-powered vehicles emits harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, with the growing adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles, there is a promising opportunity to mitigate the environmental impact of transportation.Future Prospects:The future of automobiles is marked by innovation and sustainability. With ongoing research and development in areas like electric propulsion, autonomous driving, and renewable energy sources, we can expect to see a paradigm shift towards greener and more efficient transportation solutions. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologieswill further enhance the safety and functionality of automobiles.Conclusion:In conclusion, automobiles have significantly transformed the way we live, work, and travel. From their humble beginnings in the late 19th century to the cutting-edge technologies of the 21st century, cars have come along way. However, as we look towards the future, it's essential to prioritize sustainability and environmental responsibility in the design and production of automobiles. By embracing innovation and adopting eco-friendly practices, we can ensure a brighter and cleaner future for generations to come.。

Accommodation 适应性Aerodynamics 空气动力学Air Conditioner 空调Air Drag 风阻Air Suspension 空气悬挂Analysis 分析Anti Corrosion 防腐Anti Rust 防锈Ashtray 烟灰盒Assembly 装配Assistant’s seat 副驾驶座Attaching Parts 附件Azimuth 方位（角）（极坐标）Back Angle 靠背角Backrest 靠背Backup Lamp 倒车灯Binocular Obstruction 双眼盲区BIW (Body-In-White) 白车身Blower 风机Body 车身，车体Bolt 螺栓Bonneted Cab 凸头驾驶室Bracket 托架Breakdown 分块Bumper 保险杠Bushing 衬套Case 壳体Caution Plate 警告牌Centroid 重心Cigarette Lighter 点烟器Chassis 底盘Chassis Frame 车架Check Arm 限位器Clip 卡扣Cluster Meter 组合仪表盘Coat Hanger 衣帽架Coat Hook 衣帽钩Collar 套环Combination Switch 组合开关Comfort 舒适性Component 总成Concealed Wipers 隐藏式雨刮器Condenser 冷凝器Contour 轮廓线Controls 控制件Convex Mirror 凸面镜Coolant 冷却液Cooler 制冷器Crash 碰撞Cup Holder 水杯架Curtain 窗帘Curtain Rail 窗帘滑轨Curvilineal 曲线的Dash Board 前围内板Delivery of the Drawing 出图Displacement 位移Door Check 限位器Door Header Rail 车门顶轨Door Lock 车门锁Door Opening 门洞Door Outer Handle 车门外手柄Door Outer Panel 车门外板Door Panel 门护板Door Pocket 门袋Door Regulator 车门玻璃升降器Door Sash 车门窗框Door Striker 锁环Door Trim 车门护板Door Ventilator 三角窗Drip Rail 滴水凹槽顶轨Drive Configuration 驱动形式Dummy Plate 平衡板Dynamic 动态的Ellipsoid Surface 椭球面Emblem 商标Engine 发动机Engineering 工程Entrance Handrail 上车门扶手Entry & Exit 进出Ergonomics 人机工程学Eyellipse 眼椭圆Fatigue Analysis 疲劳分析FEM (Finite Element Method) 有限元Fender 翼子板Fender Protector 挡泥护板Fender Stay 挡泥撑条Fender Welt 挡泥衬板Field of View 视野Finish Washer 精加工垫圈Fire Fighting Truck 消防车Fixed 固定的Flange Bolt 凸缘螺栓Fleece 绒毛织物Floor Insulator 地板隔热层Fluid Reservoir 贮液罐Fog Lamp 雾灯Fore/aft 前后Forward Control 平头Frame 车架Front Overhang 前悬Front Panel 前挡板，前围外板Front Turn Signal Lamp 前转向灯Fuse & Relay Box 保险丝和继电器箱Garnish 装饰板Gauge 量表Glare-free 防眩目Glass Run Channel 玻璃滑槽Glazing Rubber Plate 镶玻璃用橡胶板Glove Box 杂物盒Gradeability 爬坡度Grille 格栅Grip 扶手Grommet 密封圈Ground Clearance 离地间隙Halogen Headlamp 卤素大灯Handle Cover 手柄罩Head Contour 头廓包络线Head Restraints 头枕Headlamp 前大灯Headliner 顶棚Headlining 顶棚内饰Headrest 头枕Heater 加热器Heater Plumbing 取暖装置管路Height Adjuster 高度调节器High-mount 高位Hinge 铰链Hinge Bracket 铰链托架Holder 支架Hood 发动机罩Hook 挂钩Hose 软管Impact 碰撞In-line 直列Ingress/egress 进出Inside Lock Knob 内锁止按钮Instrument Panel 仪表板Interior Trim 内饰Intermittent Wiper 间歇式刮水器Joint 接头Joint Duct 连接管道Kinematics 运动学Lateral 横向Lever 杆籁绅士Plate 牌照籁绅士Plate Bracket 牌号托架籁绅士Plate Lamp 车牌灯Lift-up Type 翻转式（前围外板）Linear 线性的Load 载荷Lock Cylinder & Key 锁芯和钥匙Longitudinal 长度方向的Loose Panel 可卸盖板Lower Apron 下挡板Lumbar Support 腰托Luxury Interior Level 豪华内饰Mud Guard 挡泥板Mud Shield 挡泥板（侧）Male-to-Female Ration 男女比例Manikin 人体模型Manoeuvrable 操纵灵活的Meeting Minutes 会议纪要Member 横梁Meter & Gauge 仪表盘Meter Cable 仪表电缆Meter Cluster 仪表束Meter Cover 仪表面罩Meter Face 仪表面Meter Hood 仪表罩Milling 铣Mirror Holder 后视镜支架Model 模型Moquette 绒面Mount 悬置Movable Part 运动件Mudguard 挡泥板Muffler 排气消声器Muscular Contour 强壮的外形（造型风格）））Non-linear 非线性的Nozzle 喷嘴Nut 螺母Operation Hardware 开闭、锁紧装置Optimization 优化Ornament 标识Outlet 出风口Overhead Console Box 高架箱Packing 衬垫Parking Brake Lever 驻车制动手柄Percentile 百分位Perimeter 周长、周边Pillar 立柱Pin 销Pivot Point 关节点Plain Washer 平垫圈Plan View 俯视图Plate & Label 名牌和标识Plate Nut 板螺母Pneumatic Spring 空气弹簧Pocket 凹槽Pocket Facing 凹槽镶面Power Steering 动力转向Presentation 展示Push Button 按钮Push-on Spring Nut 顶推弹簧螺母Quarter Panel 后顶盖侧板Quarter Window 侧车窗Radiator 散热器Raised Roof 高顶Rear Overhang 后悬Rear View Mirror 后视镜Rear Wall 后围Reclining 倾斜Reflector 反射板Regulation 法规Reinforcement 加强件Rendering 效果图Requirement 要求Resin 树脂Retainer 护圈Rigidity 刚度Rivet 铆钉Roof Console 高架箱Roof Hatch 天窗Roof Panel 车顶板Room Lamp 室内灯Root-Mean-Square 均方根Round Oval Instrumentation 环抱式仪表板Safety 安全性Screw 螺钉Screw Grommet 密封圈螺钉Scuff 压条（门槛处）Seat Bench 长排座Seat Support 座椅支架Seat Track 座椅导轨Self-Supporting 自承载式Service Parts 修理配件Set Screw 定位螺钉Shim 调整垫片Shin-Knee Contour 膝部包络线Shock Absorber 减振器Side View 侧视图Sight Line 视线Silencer 消声器Sill 横梁Simulation 模拟Sketch 草效果图Sleeper 卧铺Sleeping Bed 卧铺Sleeping Berth 卧铺Slide Adjuster 前后滑动调节器Snap Ring 开口环Snorkel 进气管Snowplow 除雪车Spacer 隔环Speedometer 车速仪Splash Apron 侧挡泥板Spot Welding 点焊Static 静态的Steering Column 转向柱Steering Column Adjuster 转向柱调整器Steering Gear 转向机构Steering Wheel 方向盘Step Plate 踏脚板Step Protector 脚踏板护板Stiffener 加强肋Stiffness 刚度Stop Lamp 制动灯Stopper 挡块Strain 应变Strength 强度Stress 应力Structure 结构Styling 造型Sun Visor 遮阳板Surfacing 线图Suspension 悬架Switch 开关Tachograph & Speedometer 自记式转速记和车速表Tachometer 发动机转速表Tail Lamp 尾灯Tapping Screw 自攻螺钉Template 模板Ticket/Card Holder 名片夹Tilt 翻转（驾驶室）Tipper 自卸车Tonnage 吨位Torsional Stiffness 扭转刚度Tread 轮距Trim 饰件Trim Panel 装饰板Turning Radius 转弯半径Upper Console 高架箱Variant 变形车Ventilation 通风Vertical 垂直方向的Vinyl 乙烯基Washer 垫圈Water Proof Film 防水层Weather Strip 密封条Wear-Resistant 防磨Windscreen 风窗Windshield 风窗Windshield Washer 挡风玻璃洗涤器Windshield Wiper 挡风玻璃刮水器Wiper 刮水器Wiper Arm 刮臂Wiper Blade 刮片Wiper Link Assembly 刮水器连杆组件Wiring Harness 线束07轮椅升降机Wheel chair lift图例legend工位station吊运装置overhead hoist更衣室restroom1号厂房工艺布置方案图proposal of the Plant I layout合笼mate底盘平移台chassis shuttle车辆转移台bus transfer前围角板front wall angle cover后围侧板rear wall side cover保险杠bumper三类底盘three type chassis左侧围应力蒙皮R/S stretching skin (road side)中涂floating coat拼装台collector切割轮口wheel -arch cutting内饰trim线束harness返工re-doing轮罩护板wheel house发车前准备pre-delivery举升hoist小批量产品be pilot2 套two kits配电站power transformer substation裙板skirt发动机托架engine holding frame诊断报警系统diagnosis and alarming system互换性interchangeability缩微图纸microfiche files总装final assembly磷化phosphating仪表板dash board切齐trimming结构完整性structure integrity自动愈合的防腐材料self-healing corrosion preventative material 长途客车inter-city bus改装厂refitting factory遮阳板sun visor随车工具tool box钢化玻璃toughened grass异形钢管special steel pipe全天候空调系统full range A/C强制通风ram-air ventilation停机时间downtime无公害柴油clean diesel宽敞悬臂式座椅roomy cantilevered seat防滑地板no-skid floor织物纹里铝合金textured aluminum extrution 爬坡能力grade ability排水阀drain valve除湿器moisture ejector怠速时at idle琴式驱动桥banjo type drive axle通风口duct恒温控制thermostatic control平衡水箱surge tank变光开关simmer switch消音器muffler防破坏vandal resistant聚碳化透镜poly-carbonate len镀锌板galvanized plate搭接lap亮丽的外表smart apperance隐藏式固定concealed fastening水洼ponding发动机中置式客车bus with under floor engine 组合式客车车身modular bus body薄壳式结构shell construction衬垫pad空气导流板air deflector搁梁shelf beam腰梁waist rail梭梁stabilizing beam腰带式安全带diagonal safety belt压条trim strip嵌条insertion strip翼板fender斜撑bracing piece转向盘回正性试验test of steering wheel returnability转向盘转角脉冲试验steering wheel impulse input test转向盘转角阶跃输入试验steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test极限侧向加速度试验limiting lateral acceleration test汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobile ride random input running test汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验automobile ride single pulse input running test汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验measurement of natural frequency and damping raito of suspension 功率突然变化影响试验test of effect of sudden power change收油门后控制试验test of control at breakway横风稳定性试验test of crosswind stability反冲试验kick-back test轮胎爆破响应时间试验test of burst response of tyre绕过障碍物试验obstacle avoidance test移线试验lane change testJ型转弯试验test of J turn频率响应时间试验frequency response test瞬态响应时间试验transient response test阶路响应时间试验step response test脉冲响应试验pulse response test静态操舵力试验static steering effort test悬架举升试验jack-up test of suspension耐翻倾试验test of overturning immunity轮辋错动试验rim slip test风洞试验wind tunnel test制动稳定性试验test of braking stability最小转弯直径试验minimum turning diameter test操舵力试验steering effort test汽车发动机类型type发动机engine内燃机intenal combusiton engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engine压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机carburetor engine柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engine油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engine直列式发动机in-line engine星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine V形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side valve engine无气门发动机valveless engine多气门发动机multi-valve engine卧式发动机horizontal engine斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机I形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle 工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle 理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle 冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging strokecompression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center) 上止点前budc(before upper dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept volume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity容积法volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep) 空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power净功率net power燃油消耗量fuel consumption比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption 空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumption有效马力net horse power额定马力rated horse power马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor 制动功率brake horse power制动热效率brake thermal efficiency总效率overall efficiency排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower 功率曲线power curve机械损失mechanical loss机械效率mechanical efficiency有效热效率effective thermal efficiency 充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air适应性系数adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient强化系数coefficient of intensification校正系数correction factor换算系数conversion factor活塞平均速度mean piston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency) 怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed 调速speed governing超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode) 额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition 稳定工况steady working condition 空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷overload部分负荷part load充量（进气）charge旋转方向direction of rotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise左转left-hand rotation右转right-hand rotation外径major diameter中径pitch diameter内径minor diameter径向间隙radial clearance发动机性能engine performance加载性能loading performance起动性能starting performance加速性能acceleration performance 动力性能power performance排放性能emission performance空转特性no load characteristics负荷特性part throttle characteristics调速特性governor control characteristics万有特性mapping characteristics稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate气缸体和气缸盖cylinder block and head气缸体cylinder block整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock)发动机罩engine bonnet气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator07 reock frameadhanism casingacer环ad ring gasketad gasketer(cylinder sleeve)r linerer lineretplugallrtte bottum转子机）radius转子机）widthn chamberustion chamber combustion chamberrustion chamber室mbustion chamber室combustion chamber室cal combustion chamberction combustion chamberon chambertion combustion chamberustion chamberay chamber烧室mberhamber比io of combustion cahmber比ume ratio of combustion chamberof combustion chamber passage 口breather座earing bush seat罩rive(gear)cover孔盖door门explosion proof doorng caphanism coververair receiver塞iston塞tonpistonistond piston(convex head piston) ead pistonpistonn塞c piston塞earance piston活塞piston活塞ed piston活塞oled pistononedd衬簧expander裙tkbossbushing销g piston pin销g piston pin活塞销piston pin环piston ringpiston ringiston ringngne ringr ringringcontrol ring载双坡口油环loaded slotted oil control ring elled oil control ringvel topvel bottom环ge oil control ring ngted piston ringexpandergrooveland面g构rod杆机构ated connecting rod 杆机构ecting rod杆机构necting rodrodrod small endg rod big endrod shankecting rodade connecting rod ecting rode connecting rod connecting rod rod caprod bearingcrankshaftcrankshaftcrankshaftrankshaft曲轴ankshaftfront endmain journalal overlapng承thrust bearing earing shelloil passageeuseelalancereightvibration damperanceralanceralancersprocketalhaft通风装置nkcase ventilating system ng gearindle矩oment of inertiaarksystemshaft length性力ng inertia force,1st order 性力ng inertia force, 2nd order inertia force轴camshaft轴camshaft机构rive轴haftearing journalearing轮ccentricprocket齿轮ming gearear wheel）：swm45100 FanE『翻译中国』2004-5-27 14:07:30 te gear(counter gear)aft gearaft轴on imput shaft轴on output shaft齿轮轴on drive gear shafton main shaft轴on countershaft刚度shaft（变速比）on gear ratiorepressure力odulator pressureressureor or trimmer pressurere(input pump )置充油压力mic unit change pressure(output pump )il pumpegulator vavle阀gulator valve旁通阀bypass valvealvelvee生器n generatortor(shift torwer)veve控制阀ntrol valve锁止ockup换档系统utomatic control system 换档系统-hydraulic automatiec换档shfititshfithiftiftte shiftresisulepower shift程automatic shift automatic shft lementergear shift lever) ）变速杆ctork (gear shift fork)杆ar shift forkpedal叉道轨）ge(direct control)速ft (handle change)ontrole07空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint 回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint 万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axlesteering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate 自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear行星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type of suspension组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架。

汽车专业英语 pdfThe automotive industry is a vast and ever-evolving field that encompasses the design, manufacture, and maintenance of vehicles. As the industry continues to grow and become more technologically advanced, the need for specialized knowledge and communication skills in the automotive field has become increasingly important. One crucial aspect of this is the understanding and mastery of automotive English, which is the focus of this essay.Automotive English refers to the specific vocabulary, terminology, and language used in the automotive industry. This includes terms related to vehicle components, systems, and technologies, as well as the processes and procedures involved in the design, production, and repair of vehicles. Proficiency in automotive English is essential for a wide range of professionals working in the industry, from engineers and technicians to sales and customer service personnel.One of the primary reasons for the importance of automotive English is the global nature of the automotive industry. Vehicles are manufactured, sold, and serviced around the world, and the industryrelies on effective communication and collaboration across international borders. Automotive English serves as a common language that allows professionals from different countries and backgrounds to effectively communicate and share information.Another key reason for the significance of automotive English is the rapid technological advancements in the industry. As vehicles become more complex and incorporate advanced features and technologies, the language used to describe and discuss these developments has become increasingly specialized and technical. Mastering automotive English is essential for staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in the industry.In addition to the technical language, automotive English also encompasses a range of other communication skills that are essential for professionals in the industry. This includes the ability to effectively present technical information to non-technical audiences, such as customers or management, as well as the ability to write clear and concise technical reports and documentation.One of the primary ways that professionals in the automotive industry can develop their proficiency in automotive English is through the use of specialized educational resources, such as textbooks, online courses, and industry-specific training programs. These resources provide a comprehensive overview of theterminology, concepts, and communication skills that are essential for success in the automotive field.For example, many automotive engineering programs at universities and technical schools offer courses that focus specifically on automotive English, covering topics such as vehicle systems, repair procedures, and technical writing. These courses often include hands-on activities and simulations that allow students to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios.In addition to formal educational programs, there are also a variety of other resources available for professionals looking to improve their automotive English skills. This includes industry-specific publications, such as trade magazines and technical journals, as well as online forums and discussion groups where automotive professionals can share knowledge and best practices.One particularly useful resource for developing proficiency in automotive English is the use of automotive English PDF documents. These documents, which are widely available online, provide a comprehensive overview of the terminology, concepts, and communication skills that are essential for success in the automotive industry. They often include detailed explanations of key terms and concepts, as well as exercises and practice activities to help reinforce the material.Overall, the importance of automotive English cannot be overstated. As the automotive industry continues to evolve and become more globally interconnected, the ability to effectively communicate in the specialized language of the field has become a critical skill for professionals at all levels. Whether you are an engineer, technician, or sales representative, mastering automotive English can open up a world of opportunities and help you to excel in your chosen career.。

《汽车专业英语》教学教案一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）掌握汽车行业常见的专业术语和表达方式。

（2）了解汽车行业的基本知识和最新动态。

（3）提高学生阅读和理解汽车专业英文资料的能力。

2. 能力目标：（1）能够熟练运用汽车专业英语进行交流和表达。

（2）能够阅读和理解汽车专业的英文文献、技术手册等。

（3）提高学生的跨文化交际能力和团队协作能力。

3. 情感目标：（1）激发学生对汽车专业的兴趣和热情。

（2）培养学生的创新意识和终身学习的态度。

二、教学内容1. 单元一：汽车行业概述（1）汽车发展历史（2）汽车行业现状与未来发展趋势（3）汽车相关术语介绍2. 单元二：汽车发动机（1）发动机类型及工作原理（2）发动机部件及其功能（3）发动机技术发展动态3. 单元三：汽车电器与电子技术（1）汽车电器系统概述（2）汽车电子控制系统（3）新能源汽车电器与电子技术4. 单元四：汽车制动系统（1）制动系统类型及工作原理（2）制动器结构与性能（3）制动系统故障诊断与维修5. 单元五：汽车body and pnt（1）车身结构与材料（2）汽车涂装技术（3）车身修复与涂装工艺三、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解汽车专业英语的基本知识和术语，阐述重点难点。

2. 案例分析法：分析具体汽车案例，培养学生解决实际问题的能力。

3. 小组讨论法：分组讨论，提高学生的团队协作能力和跨文化交际能力。

4. 情景模拟法：模拟汽车行业工作场景，进行角色扮演，提高学生的实际操作能力。

四、教学评价1. 平时成绩：课堂参与度、作业完成情况、小组讨论表现等。

2. 期中测试：汽车专业英语知识测试，检验学生学习效果。

4. 综合评价：结合学生课堂表现、测试成绩和论文质量，进行全面评价。

五、教学资源1. 教材：《汽车专业英语》教材及相关辅助材料。

2. 多媒体教学设备：投影仪、计算机、网络等。

3. 实践教学基地：汽车实验室、维修车间等。

4. 参考文献：汽车专业英文文献、技术手册、期刊杂志等。

汽车专业英语教程教案第一章：汽车行业概述1.1 教学目标了解汽车行业的发展历程掌握汽车行业的主要术语和概念能够阅读和理解关于汽车行业的英文资料1.2 教学内容汽车行业的历史和发展趋势汽车行业的组织结构和主要企业汽车行业的术语和概念1.3 教学方法讲授和讨论相结合英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习1.4 教学资源汽车行业的历史和发展趋势的PPT汽车行业的组织结构和主要企业的PPT 汽车行业的术语和概念的PPT相关英文资料和阅读材料1.5 教学评估课堂参与度和讨论表现阅读和理解能力的评估第二章：汽车构造2.1 教学目标了解汽车的各个组成部分及其功能掌握汽车构造的相关术语和概念能够阅读和理解关于汽车构造的英文资料2.2 教学内容汽车的主要组成部分及其功能汽车构造的相关术语和概念汽车的分类和特点2.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习2.4 教学资源汽车构造的PPT实物汽车模型或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料2.5 教学评估课堂参与度和示范观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估第三章：汽车发动机3.1 教学目标了解汽车发动机的结构和工作原理掌握汽车发动机的相关术语和概念能够阅读和理解关于汽车发动机的英文资料3.2 教学内容汽车发动机的结构和工作原理汽车发动机的分类和特点汽车发动机的相关术语和概念3.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习3.4 教学资源汽车发动机的PPT实物汽车发动机模型或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料3.5 教学评估课堂参与度和示范观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估第四章：汽车电器系统4.1 教学目标了解汽车电器系统的基本组成和功能掌握汽车电器系统的相关术语和概念能够阅读和理解关于汽车电器系统的英文资料4.2 教学内容汽车电器系统的基本组成和功能汽车电器系统的分类和特点汽车电器系统的相关术语和概念4.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习4.4 教学资源汽车电器系统的PPT实物汽车电器系统模型或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料4.5 教学评估课堂参与度和示范观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估第五章：汽车维修与保养5.1 教学目标了解汽车维修与保养的基本知识和技能掌握汽车维修与保养的相关术语和概念能够阅读和理解关于汽车维修与保养的英文资料5.2 教学内容汽车维修与保养的基本知识和技能汽车维修与保养的流程和注意事项汽车维修与保养的相关术语和概念5.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和操作演示英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习5.4 教学资源汽车维修与保养的PPT实物汽车维修工具和设备相关英文资料和阅读材料5.5 教学评估课堂参与度和操作演示表现阅读和理解能力的评估第六章：汽车诊断与检测6.1 教学目标理解汽车诊断与检测的基本原理和方法掌握汽车诊断与检测的相关术语和设备能够阅读和理解关于汽车诊断与检测的英文资料6.2 教学内容汽车诊断与检测的基本原理和方法汽车诊断与检测设备的介绍和操作汽车诊断与检测的相关术语和概念6.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和操作演示英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习6.4 教学资源汽车诊断与检测的PPT汽车诊断与检测设备实物或模型相关英文资料和阅读材料6.5 教学评估课堂参与度和操作演示表现阅读和理解能力的评估第七章：新能源汽车技术7.1 教学目标了解新能源汽车的类型和特点掌握新能源汽车相关技术的原理和应用能够阅读和理解关于新能源汽车技术的英文资料7.2 教学内容新能源汽车的类型和特点新能源汽车相关技术（如电动机、电池、充电设施等）的原理和应用新能源汽车的技术发展趋势7.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习7.4 教学资源新能源汽车技术的PPT实物新能源汽车模型或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料7.5 教学评估课堂参与度和示范观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估第八章：汽车安全与环保8.1 教学目标理解汽车安全与环保的重要性掌握汽车安全与环保的相关技术和标准能够阅读和理解关于汽车安全与环保的英文资料8.2 教学内容汽车安全与环保的重要性汽车安全与环保的相关技术和标准（如安全气囊、防抱死制动系统、排放控制等）汽车安全与环保的未来发展趋势8.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习8.4 教学资源汽车安全与环保的PPT实物汽车安全设备模型或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料8.5 教学评估课堂参与度和示范观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估第九章：汽车销售与服务9.1 教学目标理解汽车销售与服务的基本流程和策略掌握汽车销售与服务相关的沟通技巧和客户关系管理能够阅读和理解关于汽车销售与服务的英文资料9.2 教学内容汽车销售与服务的基本流程和策略汽车销售与服务相关的沟通技巧和客户关系管理汽车销售与服务的未来发展趋势9.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合角色扮演和模拟情景英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习9.4 教学资源汽车销售与服务的PPT角色扮演和模拟情景的道具或模拟软件相关英文资料和阅读材料9.5 教学评估课堂参与度和角色扮演表现阅读和理解能力的评估第十章：汽车文化与发展10.1 教学目标了解汽车文化的历史和影响掌握汽车设计的艺术和趋势能够阅读和理解关于汽车文化与发展的英文资料10.2 教学内容汽车文化的历史和影响汽车设计的艺术和趋势汽车行业的社会和经济影响10.3 教学方法讲授和示范相结合实物展示和观察英文资料的阅读和理解词汇练习和翻译练习10.4 教学资源汽车文化的PPT汽车设计艺术作品的展示或图片相关英文资料和阅读材料10.5 教学评估课堂参与度和实物展示观察表现阅读和理解能力的评估词汇练习和翻译练习的评估重点和难点解析教案编辑中需要重点关注的环节包括：1. 教学目标：明确每个章节的教学目标，确保学生能够掌握必要的知识和技能。

汽车专业英语汇总一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车1.2 Bus 客车1.3 Motor truck 货车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能 2.3 engine position 发动机布置三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸四、Wheel alignment前轮定位五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径第二类ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造二、Essential term 基本术语三、Engine operation principle发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理四、Engine performance 发动机性能5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组7.5 Carburetor 化油器7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵8.4 Injection 喷油器九、Exhaust system 排气系统十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系十三、Engine-lubrication system发动机润滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑13.2 Oil pump 机油泵十五、Engine-starting system发动机起动系15.1 Starting system 起动系15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机16.1 Rotary piston engine 旋转活塞发动机 16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）第三类 CHASSIS 底盘一、Drive line 传动系1.1 Layout of drive line 传动系示意图 1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器1.8 Transfer case 分动器1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节2.7 Front wheel independent suspension前轮独立悬架2.8 Rear wheel independent suspension后轮独立悬架 2.10 Air suspension 空气悬架2.13 Cam hydraulic shock absorber凸轮式液压减振器 三、Steering system 转向系Mechanical steering system 机械转向系 3.2 Power steering system 动力转向系4.2 Drum brake4.4 Hand brake 手制动器 （parking brake 驻车制动器）制动主缸，制动轮缸 4.7 Compressed-air brake system 气压制动系4.8 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系第四类、BODY AND ACCESSORIES 车身及附属装置一、Car body 轿车车身二、All-steel body 全钢车身四、Bus body 大客车车身专用汽车车身十二、Compressor 压缩机十四、Head Lamp 前大灯十五、Turnsignal lamp 转向灯十八、Horn 喇叭十九、Tools 工具。

汽车专业介绍名片英语作文Title: Introduction to Automotive Engineering: A Professional Insight。

As the automotive industry continues to evolve with advancements in technology and design, the role of automotive engineers becomes increasingly pivotal. Automotive engineering encompasses a wide range of disciplines, from mechanical and electrical engineering to materials science and computer programming. In this essay, we will explore the diverse facets of automotive engineering and its significance in shaping the future of transportation.1. Introduction to Automotive Engineering:Automotive engineering involves the design, development, manufacturing, and maintenance of vehicles, including cars, trucks, motorcycles, and even electric scooters. It combines principles of mechanical engineeringwith elements of electrical engineering, focusing on propulsion systems, vehicle dynamics, safety features, and overall performance optimization.2. Core Disciplines:a. Mechanical Engineering: Fundamental to automotive engineering, mechanical engineers design and analyze the structural components of vehicles, such as chassis, suspension systems, and engines. They ensure durability, efficiency, and safety in all mechanical aspects.b. Electrical Engineering: With the integration of electronics in modern vehicles, electrical engineers play a crucial role in developing electrical systems, including wiring, sensors, control units, and infotainment systems. They also work on emerging technologies like autonomous driving and electric propulsion.c. Materials Science: Automotive engineers study the properties of various materials, such as metals, polymers, and composites, to enhance vehicle performance andefficiency while reducing weight and environmental impact.d. Computer Science: The advent of computer-aided design (CAD), simulation software, and artificial intelligence has revolutionized automotive engineering. Computer scientists develop algorithms for vehicle control, optimize energy management systems, and pioneer innovations like connected vehicles and cybersecurity solutions.3. Career Opportunities:Automotive engineering offers diverse career pathsin research, design, manufacturing, and testing. Graduates can work for automobile manufacturers, suppliers, engineering firms, government agencies, or research institutions. Common job titles include automotive engineer, design engineer, research and development (R&D) engineer, quality assurance engineer, and project manager.4. Industry Trends and Innovations:a. Electric Vehicles (EVs): With growingenvironmental concerns and advancements in battery technology, electric vehicles are gaining popularity. Automotive engineers are at the forefront of developing EV platforms, charging infrastructure, and battery management systems.b. Autonomous Driving: Self-driving cars represent the future of mobility, promising safer and more efficient transportation. Automotive engineers are working on sensor fusion, machine learning algorithms, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to enable fully autonomous vehicles.c. Connected Vehicles: Connectivity features enhance driver experience and enable real-time data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure. Automotive engineers integrate sensors, GPS, and wireless communication technologies to enable features like navigation assistance, predictive maintenance, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.d. Advanced Safety Systems: Automotive engineerscontinually improve vehicle safety through innovations such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, emergency braking systems, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).5. Conclusion:Automotive engineering is a dynamic and multidisciplinary field that drives innovation in transportation. From conventional gasoline-powered vehicles to cutting-edge electric and autonomous vehicles, automotive engineers play a pivotal role in shaping the future of mobility. As technology continues to evolve, the demand for skilled automotive engineers will remain high, offering exciting career opportunities and the chance to make a significant impact on the world.In conclusion, automotive engineering is a fascinating field that blends creativity, innovation, and technical expertise. Whether you're passionate about designing sleek vehicles, optimizing engine performance, or pioneering the next generation of autonomous cars, a career in automotiveengineering offers endless possibilities for exploration and growth.。

《汽车专业英语》教学教案一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）掌握汽车行业常见英语术语和表达方式。

（2）能够阅读并理解汽车专业相关的英文技术资料和文献。

（3）学会编写简单的汽车专业英语报告和交流邮件。

2. 能力目标：（1）提高学生听说读写汽车专业英语的能力。

（2）培养学生独立查找和使用汽车专业英语资料的能力。

（3）培养学生用英语进行汽车专业交流和讨论的能力。

3. 情感目标：激发学生对汽车专业英语的兴趣，培养学生的专业素养和职业意识。

二、教学内容1. 汽车行业基本术语及表达方式。

2. 汽车构造与原理的英文描述。

3. 汽车零部件的英文名称和功能。

4. 汽车制造与维修过程中的英语交流。

5. 汽车行业英语文献阅读与写作。

三、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解汽车专业英语的基本术语、表达方式和阅读技巧。

2. 案例分析法：分析汽车专业英语文献，提高学生的阅读理解能力。

3. 情景模拟法：模拟汽车制造、维修等实际工作场景，进行英语口语交流训练。

4. 小组讨论法：分组讨论汽车专业话题，提高学生的团队合作能力和英语口头表达能力。

四、教学资源1. 教材：《汽车专业英语》。

2. 辅助材料：汽车专业英语文献、图片、视频等。

3. 网络资源：汽车专业英语网站、论坛、新闻等。

五、教学评价1. 平时成绩：课堂参与度、作业完成情况、小组讨论表现等。

2. 期中测试：英语阅读理解、翻译和写作能力。

3. 期末考试：综合考察学生的汽车专业英语知识、能力和情感目标达成情况。

教学计划和教学活动将在后续章节中详细阐述。

六、教学计划1. 课时安排：共计32课时，每课时45分钟。

2. 教学进度安排：（1）第1-8课时：学习汽车行业基本术语及表达方式。

（2）第9-16课时：学习汽车构造与原理的英文描述。

（3）第17-24课时：学习汽车零部件的英文名称和功能。

（4）第25-32课时：学习汽车制造与维修过程中的英语交流，以及汽车行业英语文献阅读与写作。

七、教学活动1. 课堂讲解：教师讲解汽车专业英语的基本术语、表达方式和阅读技巧。