中国能源统计年鉴2019：中国2018年能源平衡统计(标准量)(二)

全国（地区）能源平衡表的组成及其分析（说明：目前出版的能源平衡表列项要更丰富）一、全国（地区）能源平衡表及其表式全国（地区）能源平衡表，是用来反映全国或一个地区（省、市、县）的能源系统流程情况的平衡表，如下图所示：能源平衡表（实物量）说明：平衡关系(1)列平衡关系：第1栏等于2、3、4、5栏的代数和；第9栏等于10、11、12、13、14、15、16、18栏的代数和。

(2)行平衡关系：37=01+12-21-23；第01行等于02、03、04、05、06、07、08、09、10、11行的代数和；第12行等于13、14、15、16、17、18、20行的代数和；23=24+26+30+34；18≥19；21≥22；24≥25；26=27+29；27≥28；30=31+32+33；34=35+36。

续表说明：平衡关系(1)列平衡关系:第23栏等于01～17、18、20、22栏的代数和；第24栏等于01～17、19、21、22栏的代数和。

(2)行平衡关系：37=01+12-21-23；第01行等于02、03、04、05、06、07、08、09、10、11行的代数和；第12行等于13、14、15、16、17、18、20行的代数和；23=24+26+30+34；18≥19； 21≥22； 24≥25； 26=27+29； 27≥28； 30=31+32+33； 34=35+36。

全国或地区能源平衡表分为单项能源平衡表和综合能源平衡表两种。

在编制综合能源平衡表之前，必须先编制用实物量单位表示的单项能源平衡表，如煤炭平衡表、焦炭平衡表、电力平衡表等。

然后根据每种能源具有的热值，再换算成标准煤数量，编制全国、地区的综合能源平衡表。

全国（地区）平衡表的表式，是采用行列的矩阵形式。

“行”的各项表示能源的流向，包括能源资源的形式和使用的方向，“列”的各栏表示能源的品种，包括各种一次能源和二次能源，如煤及各种煤制品、石油及各种石油制品，天然气、电力。

41CENTRAL ISSUE区域治理作者简介：曹寅雪，生于1986年，中级工程师，工学硕士，研究方向为节能咨询。

城市能源平衡表编制探索南京市节能评审中心 曹寅雪摘要：区域的能源平衡表是研究一个地区能源消费情况、流向的基础，本文提出了城市能源平衡表编制的主要方法，探索主要存在的问题及其解决对策。

围绕碳达峰、碳中和的各项工作正在紧锣密鼓地展开，而摸清本地区碳排放现状就成了当下的首要任务。

能源平衡表作为反映一个地区能源系统流向的基础工具，是分析地区碳排放现状的重要手段。

通过能源平衡表的数据，可以进一步分析一个地区的能源消费结构、行业能源消费结构、能源加工转化水平、能源利用水平等，从而发现节能减碳的具体方向。

关键词：能源平衡表；编制方法；常见问题中图分类号：P754.1文献标识码：A文章编号：2096-4595（2020）28-0041-0001目前，根据我国的各级能源核算制度，国家和省级都通过编制对应的《能源平衡表》匡算总体的能源情况，而对市一级而言，全面、准确采集能源的输入输出数据较为困难，本文试着探索市一级能源平衡表的编制。

一、能源平衡表的构成能源平衡表全面反映一定时期内一个地区的能源供应、加工转换、终端利用的能源流程，以及各种能源在各流程中的转化和流向的关系。

其主栏表现的就是能源流向和经济活动的关系，而宾栏则是平衡表所包括的各能源品种。

以原煤为例，在第一矩阵“可供本地区消费的能源量”中，反映了其通过本地生产、地区间调入、进口等途径增加的可供消费的能源数量，扣除地区调出、出口、库存增加等途径减少的量，各项之和得到该地区可供消费的能源数量。

第二矩阵“能源加工转换”则反映了煤炭在火力发电、供热等环节中的投入量。

第四矩阵“终端消费”则是除掉“加工转换”环节外，各终端直接消费的数量，体现的是能源的终止。

二、能源平衡表的编制方法简述以能源平衡表的构成为出发点，编制方法从主栏的“经济活动流向”和“能源品种”对能源消费量数据进行编制，并对数据交叉进行核验。

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3170.150.0360.0214.420.1334.482934.512947.99 3190.6148.48813.4847.820.3130.452814.23394.78 3408.647.39927.5453.38 1.0237.293047.683511.4 3588.6143.09926.261.19 1.153.753087.83823.2 3840.2144.16985.9862.95 1.1462.263178.094092.04 149.21 2.41 1.2444.391692.091853.44 163.59 2.3310.15 4.731931.922113.04 317.76 2.26 4.690.071932.832114.73 326.4 2.3515.110.11976.532248.73 485.98 4.7319.580.512067.132287.35 504.51 4.7733.43 1.472311.892505.8 443.09 6.7287.67 5.640.18 2.292518.362835.41 470 6.9866.78 2.870.22 2.082708.392939.77 451.427.13152.668.950.22 1.882750.82732.59 446.18 6.94154.899.240.23 3.452813.922853.65 465.077167.4110.990.22 1.782781.412731.81 427.59 6.69152.6611.060.217.692970.212846.84 329.47 4.44103.429.680.1920.722909.032667.35 544.2913.490.1 2.7441.06419.79 538.3917.6731.7632.41476.35414.49 652.2216.8625.4532.11532.31445.4 809.722.844.6238.64563.09451.08 851.2224.86111.23577.98426.34 856.2828.190.317.93605.71454.13 910.1724.98100.41 1.0911.2614.2637.77477.57 948.1226.0313.388.43707.45484.13 996.4426.1418.24 3.4712.6410.12992.27421.38 1049.4125.6302.3618.6412.2711.861177.46551.67 1064.7324.63310.3318.1312.4611.121310.58749.22 1164.7725.03306.320.4111.389.251405.42690.59 1164.6428.66329.9523.939.8812.91452.14539.21 205.91 2.07807.14390.55 280.93 3.7655.91 4.65934.49348.4 299.59 3.3548.63 4.57972.34375.03 356.02 3.5661.48 5.251093.63352.33368.04 4.4666.04 4.471058.16310.96 653.08 4.4765.68 4.781104.3706.01 684.54 5.7160.91 4.30.63 6.51575.371141.74 728.65 6.1160.7 4.8 1.33 6.881649.37963 650 6.8885.97 5.39 1.018.271699.351104.55 655.38 5.8111.978.060.728.621809.011007.11 674.69 6.43126.948.960.612.322261.592044.45 625.6 5.3147.2211.220.7392111.972164.85 608.65 4.66146.3612.10.957.572074.672089.38 379.5710.4958.220.38398363.41 452.8610.6271.260.15511.29368.02 527.2613.8783.78 4.3544.73417.99 597.6515.18192.227.77544.04396.47 581.421.24172.339.32554.62411 710.4125.22254.869.71543.49451.68 772.6127.1648.56 1.51 1.7115.84713.89469.92 872.3220.7714.89 1.85 1.47 5.42727.32432.77 878.6622.521.39 4.210.27 3.05779.82508.22 854.9320.86342.3223.96 4.59919.12520.28 871.1323.98343.424.03 4.65940.66472.24 891.724.76340.2224.7612.161017.97555.96 839.8221.75339.1125.5413.661048.29725.75 1235.522.6318.9636.212021.483196.39 1992.5738.277.615.883279.653300.36 1714.0342.8661.9716.783444.233878.27 2593.4449.6335.0916.783685.064075.67 2611.935.5630.0554.973648.654626.97 2922.5734.3983.3766.854129.465142.9 3067.5851.29312.9 6.4884.284691.485593.4 3314.7765.72190.4520.0419.63114.275039.165826.37 3506.0570.28291.9825.4820.91115.135178.576271.5 3680.2970.92470.8931.5625.75114.83901.176766.01 3761.5178.32453.432.81 1.32129.243648.137815.9 3703.5574.8515.4339.48 4.1898.664042.328607.02 3718.3680.19562.239.3 5.12109.294361.210203.42 818.017.8975.1813.57825.48704.54 994.378.91110.9914.37902.12668.82 1192.2312.04105.21 3.27901.36696.57 1437.0516.6158.6857980.37713.83 1488.9828.83208.3720.191036.22704.22 1441.7431.07256.8633.361019.36785.82 1743.4461.92246.8 3.5996.1728.91334.16835.07 2052.6334.3229.6119.4836.841524.78874.63 2221.9326.44203.23 5.6291.8545.681692.61010.02 1817.4723.13264.268.4832.5165.491951.1963.57 2700.9432.44284.7911.939.9169.921978.04845.17 2843.5231.94286.9811.8445.9691.462100.77847.26 3045.954.63304.0112.9839.69127.342158.88707.29 560.3619.81 1.2620.471027.67754.01 685.4731.216 6.611252.95822.13 752.1322.524.7162.421387.95851.1 82027.6221.8533.821648.21910 952.2730.6632.5936.591807.53884.26 910.7634.951.644.961914.41946.61120.8339.58333.1518.248.1430.281760.321033.86 1172.7242.05360.0319.62 4.817.591851.581026.23 1113.8539.5338.7718.84 3.7412.961987.6947.74 1114.3938.47338.5819.54 3.78 4.392268.351176.72 1124.438.13330.6720.4149.142505.151290.87 1030.0137.8315.5320.290.5248.572551.161299.01 1095.3135.69316.2522.140.531.682529.391239.61 553.3710.897.578.1656.24615.79 756.5811.3126.3718.53858.04660.86 823.1212.8648.825.68908.45574.49 915.8914.382.6721.381017.12671.67 998.913.31150.4724.27935.91614.11 1011.9216.15165.7825.641042.19565.77 1089.1913.13173.0810.45 1.8824.651145.84587.6 851.6520.36188.139.94 2.124.431234.55766.03 1072.1314.79186.249.43 1.2825.761302.74926 1075.8214.91175.4510.890.0125.191520.2946.54 1040.2915.120.1524.091559.52801.03456.841.38 1145.0515.34181.9312.4424.341734.45878.46 960.519.56343.4511.8411844.2841.6 278.03 5.4669.35 2.74132.452391.35 300.16 4.3779.14 3.14968.122388.37 410.78 4.12106.53 3.385224.172805.71 460.97 3.19108.56 2.385354.82940.1 449.6 3.82114 6.6253513046.21 466.43 3.92114.289.785277.043709.44 485.97 6.487.49 3.6319.6511.585563.444455.31 552.13 6.94133.17 4.6418.2510.655462.214403.37 545.5 6.51182.857.9718.5511.255481.094511.51 585.02 5.9190.029.5521.469.845178.254729.48 558.05 6.4182.6311.5523.210.185319.574765.76 543.028.29175.9314.4229.067.085619.244899.6 782.4618.04263.8217.9421.437.065942.095044.45 344.16665.947.98526.8282.36 441.956132.2614.56621.697.71 451.2610.02103.32657.92118.21 520.4210.41107.9716.78152.98 580.0312.78124.88 4.13704.04133.3 627.8818.68153.9310.89769.79163.03 682.0716.26176.647.4328.647.25890.03396.02 740.2518.57149.917.4332.722.521018.841064.06 805.119.05175.99.2740.71 3.591131.751473 974.522.67237.0613.3137.56 1.27998.71296.13 1018.6525.2276.6618.0341.45 1.211109.341390.47 1000.1223.32267.6120.249.59 1.471227.61428.77 1120.9626.41266.7119.551.3825.811299.321340.433.51181.2413.871.61165.2611.4618.65218.31230.122.99280.13816.2814.88331.14796.8317.76362.58835.680.05391.3859.170.02402.44915.190.05410.1930.810.04387.49737.650.04418.82942.52453.061116.11448.561118.66 191.420.69 3.11 2.77264.40.48 3880.54 3.21 3.51284.38 2.86 329.150.59 4.79 3.51319.62 3.17 323.38 1.539.3810.6374.450.13 342.447.6163.0910.97409.680.02 334.17.4363.8610.33422.80.01 299.47 1.627.190.180.3816.26505.35377.79 1.7442.530.3319621.72503.7711.0492.88 3.20.3215.87636.5208.8212.499.88 3.0814.77706.16161.7 320.438.8183.56 2.2513.23704.330 269.918.368.78 2.788.52793.060 384.31 4.8744.11 1.87 5.18864.08813.32616.49114.99 894.54675.05140.81 1003.67-0.01-0.01-0.01832.54174.94 1144.050.824.78-0.01972.88239.95 1119.1-0.01-0.01-0.011134.57285.49 1121.991309.2315.68 1353.6433.09243.91 5.88 1.1227.221497.38351.76 1438.8536.29250.3310.21 1.4918.541824.5361.75 1562.8541.28252.4911.75 1.5766.091960.54351.47 1760.1350.28315.7215.070.91376.722395306.49 1863.8846.83318.8415.590.46449.432724.13865.4 1853.3141.36299.6614.58496.573029.06989.56 1636.3639.53308.1214.37465.353137.38902.77 269.069.11200.950 333.867.09237.420 477.057.83281.72486.0610.85 6.46367.25450.979.62 1.78 5.11431.15367.7911.52 3.4 5.78432.91380.4412.4755.03 2.11 1.77 6.12493.81402.8812.5167 2.73 2.027.23545.94382.2614.383.45 4.09 1.3727.65561.89423.4616.0177.22 4.29 2.5621.2658.16375.3113.1870.44 3.210.621.08683.030 310.4212.3953.09 3.530.0125.33842.40.02 253.4211.3355.85 4.44 4.3827.57944.740.02 1046.32 5.5922.828.04176.660.06 1223.368.8464.3617.62457.910.07 1252.017.8568.1819.82520.610.07 1377.397.86101.2816.37602.190.11 1331.4316.53106.3232.4656.570.06 1276.3317.94144.8625.63697.870.07 1231.2122.08141.71 4.650.2836.89899.110.06 880.2324.0436.96 2.40.5811.01970.642598.46 1338.8720.87192.41 6.87 1.2446.271069.870.02 1347.5720.36196.949.960.9562.45996.310.03。

1. BM 计算过程的说明根据”电力系统排放因子计算工具”第一版，BM 可按m 个样本机组排放因子的发电量加权平均求得，公式如下：∑∑×=mym mym EL ym yBM grid EGEF EG EF ,,,,,, (1)其中：EF grid ，BM ，y 是第y 年的BM 排放因子（tCO 2/MWh ）； EF EL ，m ，y 是第m 个样本机组在第y 年的排放因子（tCO 2/MWh ）； EG m ，y 是第m 个样本机组在第y 年向电网提供的电量（MWh ）也即上网电量。

其中第m 个机组的排放因子EF EL ，m ，y 根据“电力系统排放因子计算工具”第一版的步骤3(a)中的简单OM 中的选项B2计算“电力系统排放因子计算工具”提供了计算BM 的两种选择：1）在第一个计入期，基于PDD 提交时可得的最新数据事前计算；在第二个计入期，基于计入期更新时可得的最新数据更新；第三个计入期沿用第二个计入期的排放因子；2）在第一计入期内按项目活动注册年或注册年可得的最新信息逐年事后更新BM ；在第二个计入期内按选择1）的方法事前计算BM ，第三个计入期沿用第二个计入期的排放因子。

本次公布的排放因子BM 的结果是基于“电力系统排放因子计算工具”提供的选择1）的事前计算，不需要事后的监测和更新。

由于数据可得性的原因，本计算仍然沿用了CDM EB 同意的变通办法，即首先计算新增装机容量及其中各种发电技术的组成，然后计算各种发电技术的新增装机权重，最后利用各种发电技术商业化的最优效率水平计算排放因子。

由于现有统计数据中无法从火电中分离出燃煤、燃油和燃气的各种发电技术的容量，因此本计算过程中采用如下方法：首先，利用最近一年的可得能源平衡表数据，计算出发电用固体、液体和气体燃料对应的CO 2排放量在总排放量中的比重；其次，以此比重为权重，以商业化最优效率技术水平对应的排放因子为基础，计算出各电网的火电排放因子；最后，用此火电排放因子乘以火电在该电网新增的20%容量中的比重，结果即为该电网的BM 排放因子。

《中国能源统计年鉴》能源平衡表解读我国能源统计年鉴是我国能源统计的一部权威性年度资料汇编，包括对我国国民经济全行业和各地区的能源生产、消费、储备、能源平衡等方面的数据信息。

它是评估我国能源资源利用与管理水平，研究国家能源经济发展形势，分析国民经济各行业能源消费结构及其变化规律，为我国的能源管理与节约提供了丰富的基础数据。

在《我国能源统计年鉴》中，其中一个重要的内容就是能源平衡表（Energy Balance Sheet），它是一个国家或地区能源统计的核心内容之一，用于对国家或地区的能源生产、转化、消费及库存情况进行总体和系统的核算。

能源平衡表也是一个显示能源供需关系、反映能源利用效率和能源结构合理性的重要工具。

让我们深入研究一下《我国能源统计年鉴》中的能源平衡表。

能源平衡表的主要内容包括三大部分：能源供应、转化和消费。

在能源供应方面，它包括能源的生产、进口和库存等情况；在能源转化方面，主要包括对各种类型能源的转化利用情况；在能源消费方面，则是各行业、用途的能源消费情况。

通过详细解读能源平衡表，我们不仅能够了解我国能源的来源、转化和利用情况，还能够了解不同行业、不同地区的能源消费差异，以及国家能源结构的合理性和优化方向。

让我们分析一下能源平衡表对于我国能源管理的意义。

我国是一个能源资源相对匮乏的国家，能源的供需关系一直是国家经济发展和国民生活稳定的重要因素。

通过对能源平衡表的详细解读和分析，我国能源管理部门可以更加全面地了解国家能源供需结构和亟待解决的问题，在能源资源的开发、利用和节约方面进行有针对性的政策制定和资源配置。

对于企业和社会来说，能源平衡表也可以为其提供有价值的能源消费信息，引导其节能减排，优化能源结构，降低生产成本，提高能源利用效率。

我想共享一下我个人对《我国能源统计年鉴》和能源平衡表的理解。

在我看来，这些数据不仅仅是冰冷的数字，更是我国国民经济、能源管理、环境保护等多个领域的全貌和缩影。

珠江三角洲城市群城市碳平衡仿真模拟分析潘娜;杨钰莹;左芝鲤【摘要】碳平衡目标的实现,有利于国家新型城镇化建设,推进我国生态文明建设和可持续发展战略.基于珠江三角洲城市群中9个城市2009-2012年化石燃料消耗量和植被面积数据,利用系统动力学模型模拟计算珠三角城市群各城市碳排放量和碳吸收量,并分析各城市碳平衡的演化规律;采用灰色预测DMG(1,1)模型构建城市碳平衡预测模型,利用AnyLogic软件仿真模拟了2009-2018年珠三角城市群各城市碳平衡的变化规律.结果表明:珠三角城市群各城市的碳排放量增长迅速,而碳吸收量增长缓慢;各城市碳平衡值将处于零值以下,其中中山市碳平衡值最高,广州市碳平衡值最低;各城市碳平衡值将逐年下降,其中惠州市、珠海市降幅最大;邻近城市间的碳平衡值的演化轨迹相似.针对珠三角城市群各城市碳平衡的发展趋势及其存在的问题,提出了提升各城市碳平衡水平的可行性对策与建议.【期刊名称】《安全与环境工程》【年(卷),期】2019(026)001【总页数】8页(P50-57)【关键词】城市;碳平衡;碳吸收;碳排放;仿真模拟;珠三角城市群【作者】潘娜;杨钰莹;左芝鲤【作者单位】中国地质大学(武汉)科学技术发展院,湖北武汉430074;中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北武汉430074;中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北武汉430074;中国地质大学(武汉)中国矿产资源战略与政策研究中心,湖北武汉430074【正文语种】中文【中图分类】X512013年中央城镇化工作会议提出全国城镇化向健康方向转型，追求绿色和低碳发展的城镇化，即在推进城市经济增长的同时，控制化石能源等资源的消耗，减少城市碳排放，促进城市绿化，提高城市碳吸收能力，力图使城市处于较高的碳平衡水平。

如果地区碳排放远远高于碳吸收，将不利于城市群、省域及国家的整体碳平衡目标的实现。

因此，以城市群为研究主体，能促进大中小城市碳平衡的协同发展，更有利于我国城镇化发展和整体碳平衡目标的实现。

能源管理报表填报说明⽬录⼀、总说明 (1)⼆、报表⽬录 (2)三、调查表式(⼀)综合年报、定期报表式1.能源平衡表(实物量)(P303—1表) (3)2.能源平衡表(标准量)(P303—4表) (4)(⼆)基层年报、定期报表式1.⼯业企业能源购进、消费及库存(P201表) (5)2.⼯业企业能源购进、消费及库存附表(P201-1表) (6)3.⼯业企业⽔消费(P206表) (6)4.主要耗能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况 (P207表) (7)5.重点⽤能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况(鲁P267表) (7)四、附录(⼀)P201表、P201-1表能源填报⽬录 (8)(⼆)主要耗能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况(P207表)填报⽬录 (9)(三)重点⽤能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况(鲁P267表)填报⽬录 (14)(四)主要指标解释 (15)(五)主要耗能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况(P207表)指标的计算⽅法 (23)(六)重点⽤能⼯业企业单位产品能源消耗情况(鲁P267表)指标的计算⽅法 (42)(七)附表⼀：钢铁企业吨钢可⽐能耗计算⽅法 (57)(⼋)附表⼆：各种能源折标准煤参考系数 (58)⼀、总说明(⼀)为了解青岛市能源供应、需求的基本情况，为各级政府制定政策、计划，进⾏经济管理与调控提供依据，依照《中华⼈民共和国统计法》的规定，特制定本统计报表制度。

(⼆)本报表制度是国家统计调查的⼀部分，是青岛市统计局对各区、市统计局和市直有关企业集团（公司）的综合要求。

各区市统计局、各部门应按照全市统⼀规定的统计范围、计算⽅法、统计⼝径和填报⽬录，根据青岛市统计局拟订的能源统计报表制度的内容，认真组织实施，按时报送。

地⽅、部门特殊需要的统计资料应通过地⽅统计调查和部门统计调查搜集，并尽量避免与青岛市统计局调查内容相重复。

(三) 本报表制度主要由综合年报表、综合定期报表、基层年报表、基层定期报表构成，这些报表反映能源的⽣产、进出⼝、库存、购进、消费和能源单耗等情况。