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Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage1What is your favourite colour?你最喜欢的颜色是什么?Do you like yellow, orange, or red'?你喜欢黄色、橙色或红色的吗?If you do, you must be an optimist（乐观主义者）.如果你这样做,你必须是一个乐观主义者(乐观主义者)。
a leader.一个领导者。
an active person who enjoys life.一个活跃的人,享受生活。
people and excitement.人们和兴奋。
Do you prefer greys and blues?你偏爱灰、蓝系列色彩吗?Then you are probably quiet.那么,你很可能缄默。
shy.害羞。
and you would rather follow than lead.你宁愿跟随比铅。
You tend to be a pessimist (悲观主义者) .你往往是一个悲观主义者(悲观主义者)。
At least.至少。
this is what psychologists tell us.这是心理学家告诉我们。
and they should know.他们应该知道。
because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.因为他们一直认真研究颜色偏好的意义,以及效果,颜色对人类。
They tell us.他们告诉我们。
among other facts.在其他的事实。
that we do not choose our favourite colour as we growup-we are born with our preference.我们选择不了我们最喜欢的颜色是我们成长,我们生来就有我们的偏好。
考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。
大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。
主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。
非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。
翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。
正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。
在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。
译文：例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。
用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。
Leisure, Freedom and Liberal Education休闲，自由以及自由教育1. Generally speaking, a liberal education, as the name suggests, is an education for freedom. As one commentator describes it, “a liberal education ought to make a person independent of mind, skeptical of authority and received views, prepared to forge an identity for himself or herself, and capable of becoming an individual not bent upon copying other persons.” Accordingly, liberal education is often valued or justified as a means for acquiring the critical thinking skill that are necessary to attain individual autonomy as well as for meeting the demands of an ever changing world. Given this important yet broad purpose, no wonder there is such a vast array of subjects and disciplines that fall within the purview of liberal education.一般来说，顾名思义，通才教育是一种自由的教育形式。
1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。
英译汉专项Unit 1I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲：什么是翻译？【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。
上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。
【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。
一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。
【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。
一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。
寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。
如：【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。
一、八种易错句子结构（李航）pleteness in Structure1)How to operate the computer?(口语中可以，但writing中错误)——How should the computer be operated?——Do you know how to operate the computer?2)Because he hadn’t finished his assignment, so he continued working in theclassroom.——delete because 并列句——delete so 复合句3)The old man returning home after eight years ’ absence to find that all theneighbors he had known were no longer there.——returnin g→returned——to find→found4)Mark Twain whose experience as a sailor on the Mississippi provided him withabundant materials for the novels he was to write.——whose→’s2.The right subject1)On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”——When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”——The teacher was greeted by the students, who stood up stood up and said, “Good morning!”2)Returning home after work, supper waiting for him in the kitchen.——Returning home after work, he saw/found supper waiting for him.3)After finishing her composition, the translation exercise was taken up. ——After finishing her composition, she took up the translation exercise.4)Hurrying to the conference room, no one was there.——Hurrying to the conference room, he/she found no one was there.5)To look at the map, the important of the new railway was seen.——To look at the map, you may see the important of the new railway.3.Agreement between the subject and the predicate verb1)His whole family is/are here with him.(are)2)The majority of the students taking this exam are girls.(majority of +名词复数，谓语aremajority of +不可数名词，谓语is)3)The cattle belong to to that ranch. (cattle, police, people等集合名词，谓语复数)4)There is an enormous audience in the hall.5)The audience were shocked by the scenes of violence in the film.6)There is an old man and three young men.7)Either you or I am to take up the work.（后一个主语，决定谓语单复数）8)Where I can put all there is a problem.(主语从句，谓语单数)例外，What引导主从，其谓语由宾语单复数决定。
Self-introductionGood morning, dear professor! I’m very glad to have this chance to perform myself in China University of Miner and Technology. Now I will introduce myself.My name is XXX, I am a sociology and law teacher from the Department of Politics and Laws in Shanxi Normal University. I am a legal major student in college, and during the period of postgraduate, I major in the sociology.The special experience and knowledge studying helps me a lot to master the methods of Philosophy and Social Science, which is also the method of Ideological and Political Education. Besides, during these years, I do some investigation and field research, and participate in some Research projects, such as the research on Guarantee of Migrant Workers’Rights and Interests, the research on Social Education for Peasant Workers, including their political and skill socialization, the research on the Personal Experience of Female Sex Workers, the research project of Ministry of Education on the Quasi-citizen’s Social Management and so on. Moreover, during the period of postgraduate learning, I publicized the article of Establishment of Net Morals on the Journal of Theoretical Exploration.With the development of Internet in modern society, the network crime becomes a new crime phenomenon. Therefore, we should deal withthis phenomenon in law and moral. And I am interested in studying the function of Ethic Education in Network Moral. But I have little knowledge about the Ideological and Political Education. Therefore, I should learn some knowledge about it. Fortunately, some professors in our university just do the research about Network Moral, which encourages me to go further study in our university. And I can have the opportunity to broaden my horizon and improve my level of research.Therefore, I am looking forward to having this chance to go to further study in our university.That’s all. Thanks for your listening！。
大学英语精读第三版第二册课后翻译。
1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。
Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay) 的陷阱(trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
作文常用句型一、引出话题的句式1. Nowadays, .. has become aproblem we have to face.如今 …… 已经成为我们必须面对的问题 。
2.Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem of..现在越来越多的人开始关注 ……的问题 。
3. Recently, the issue/ problem of...has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention /posed among public attention.最近…… 的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
4. Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of... has drawn/aroused worldwide attention最近……现象的日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。
5. With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and 随着日益发展的经济全球化和城市化，更多的问题受到我们的关urbanization, more problems are 注，如……就是其中之一。
brought to our attention.... is oneof ..二、分析原因的句式2三、说明事物优点的常用句式四、说明事物缺点的常用句式列举事物的词：1)first, second, third, last ( 俗)2)firstly, secondly, thirdly,finally( 俗 )3)the first, the second, the third, the ast ( 俗 )4)in the first place, in the second lace, in the third place,lastly ( 俗 )5)to begin with, then, furthermore, inally6) to start with, next, in addition, finally7)first and foremost, besides, last but ot least8)most important of all, moreover, inally9)on the one hand, on the other hand10)for one thing, for another thing五、表明事物利大于弊的常用句式六、提出解决方案的句式(建议)七、结束语对立观点型作文一、点明主题、具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式二、陈述自己观点的常用句式。
句子翻译1.我读博的目的是想用现代科技知识来武装自己的头脑，以便很快出人头地。
My purpose to pursue PhD is to arm myself with modern science and technology in order to get ahead sooner.2.据说今年有125680个学生要去竞争仅仅2668个政府公务员岗位。
It is said that there are 125680 students competing nearly 2680 positons of government officials this years.3.由于物价飞涨，工资不动，许多下岗职工生活十分困难，常常接不上茬。
As a result of rocketing prices and stationary salary, many laid-off workers living a hard life and they often can not make both ends meet.make (both) ends meet 收支平衡4.她人长得漂亮，很会说话，整天也打扮的整整齐齐，但家里常年四季都是乱七八糟。
She is beautiful, can often talk in good tastes and is dressed neatly, but room is always at sixes and sevens.5.有些学生每次考试前都要悄悄地去看望老师，想得点有关考试的情况，但总是一无所得。
Before the examination, some of the students often call on their teacher in the hope of getting some hints of the exam,but in vain.6.当我明白考官以这样方式来考我时，一下子全给蒙住了，不知道如何动手。
When I realised that I would be tested in the way, I was at a loss and did not know where to start.at a loss不知所措；亏本；困惑；神思恍惚7.正是邓小平的市场经济和他的南巡讲话才进一步推动了中国经济的快速发展。
It was Deng Xiaoping market economy and his remarks during his southern tourism that promoted the rapid development of the chinese economy pushed forward.8.现在市场上之所以假货屡禁不止是因为他们造假货比造真货赚钱多。
The reason why there are so many fake products in the market is that manufacturers can make more money from producing fake ones than from genuine ones.9.作为一名即将退休的高级干部，他特害怕将他的所作所为登在报上。
As a senior official to be retired, he is afraid that what he has done will find its way into the newspapers.10.同SARS相比，HINI没有什么好可怕，因为它可防可治，不会对人类造成大规模死亡性灾难！Comparing with SARS, H1N1 is not terrible at all, because it can be prevented and cured and never cause great disasters in the end.11.追求美并没有什么不好的，但是如果只有美丽的容颜，而没有出色的工作照样被人瞧不起。
It is good for a girl to pursue beauty, but she will be looked down upon by others, if she only has a good appearance but does poorly in work.12.在大学里，数学之所以是一门必修课主要是因为用它可以解释清楚我们日常生活所好奇的这样或那样的事情。
In college, maths is one of the required courses, because with it, we can explain everything that we are curious about in the daily life.13.令我们谁也想不到的是：一个在美国呆了多年的博士竟说不了几句英语，看不懂这样的文章！To our surprise, the doctor who has lived in America for years, can not speak much English and understand such an easy article.14.由于他最近家中烦事缠身，不能集中精力工作，这篇5000多字的论文花了整整11个小时才修改完。
As she was troubled with home affairs recently and could not concentrate herself on work, she spent 11 solid hours in revising the 5000-word paper.15.一个省部级领导人与一般干部的不同之处就是要有在关键时具有应付各种复杂局面的能力。
The difference between a provincial-level leader and a small potato, the former has the ability to deal with all kinds of complicated situation.16.在引进人才中，许多单位都把申请人的素质和才能作为主要条件，但他们也不排斥其外貌。
In the introduction of talents, many departments usually take applicants quality and ability into their key consideration, but they also pay attention to their appearance.17.由于条件越来越严，许多高校的教师都放弃了晋升教授的努力，整天在混日子。
As the qualifications for a professor are becoming more and more rigid, many college teachers have give up striving for a professor and they kill their time everyday18.三鹿奶粉（sanlu milk podwer）的事件告诉我们：企业的利益和对人民的责任是当前一个深受关注又迫切需要解决好的问题。
The event of sanlu milk powder tells us that the enterprises’profit and their responsibility for people are the problom that calls for urgent attantion and better solution.19.由于一时的疏忽，他现在很难向法官提供有力的证据来证明自己在案件中的清白。
Owing to his carelessness it was hard for him to provide relative evidences to the judge to convince him of his innocence.20.随着社会的发展，越来越高的生活要求使我们只得求助现代实验室来创造大自然无法给我们提供的东西。
With the social development of society, the higher and higher demand for life forces us to turn to the morden lab to create things that native cannot provide us.21.在大学教育中，知识教育靠教师，而校园教育靠校园的整个环境，两者都不可缺。
In college, knowledge education depends on teachers while campus education relies on the while environment, both of which are important.22.许多科学家认为：解决我们未来能量短缺的根本出路在于利用最可靠、最持久的太阳能。
Many scientises believe that the best way to the problem of energy shortage is the utilizaton of the most reliable and losting solar energy.23.心理医生告诫人们：家庭成员之间的正常关系是人们健康生活中一个不可忽视的方面。
Psychologists warned people that the normal relationship among family members is an important aspect in people’s healthy life that should never be ignored.24.人人都知道吸烟有害健康。
但对于一个烟瘾很大的人来说，戒除这类坏习惯很难。
Everybady knows that smoking is harmful to his health, but for a chain smoker, it is hard to get rid of such a bad habit.25.一个年轻领导，只要他工作上勤政廉洁，作风上待人不摆架子，就会很快得以提拔。
As long as a young leader is diligent and honest and never puts on airs before the public, he will soon be promoted.26.在西部大开发中，我们一是要与旧的观念做斗争，二是要走可持续发展的道路。
