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初二英语U10 知识点整理

初二英语U10 知识点整理

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
如果下雨，我们就不去野炊了 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.
（2）have a good time
have a good time doing=have fun doing=enjoy oneself doing
8.你只要跟人聊聊这个问题，你的问题就解决了一半。
So you’re halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it! be halfway to… 表示“完成了或者做了事情的一部分”，其中to为介 词 如 :我们才仅仅完成了工作的一部分。 we’re still only halfway to finishing the job.
句中的by在这里表示方式，“通过（…办法）；使用(…)方式”的意思。
通过做某事
by doing sth.
by sb.'s advice/on sb.'s advice 依某人劝告 follow sb.'s advice 接受某人意见 give advice 劝告, 忠告
Section B
6. If people have problems ,they should try to keep them to themselves. keep....to oneself意为“保守秘密”， 如：We should keep their worries to themselves。 我们应该为他们的忧虑保守秘密。 keep....to oneself还可意为“不与人来往；不交际”

自考树英语二高频变形规则表

自考树英语二高频变形规则表

自考树英语二高频变形规则表一、动词变形规则1. 一般现在时主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数在动词后面加-s）例句：She plays tennis every Sunday.2. 一般过去时主语 + 动词过去式（若动词以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i然后加-ed）例句：They watched a movie last night.3. 现在进行时主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词ing形式（注意变动词尾部的拼写规则）例句：I am studying for the exam.4. 一般将来时主语 + will + 动词原形例句：They will go to the beach tomorrow.5. 现在完成时主语 + have/has + 过去分词例句：She has already finished her homework.6. 过去完成时主语 + had + 过去分词例句：They had left before I arrived.7. 一般条件句主语 + 动词原形（条件从句用一般现在时）例句：If it rains, we will stay at home.8. 过去条件句主语 + 动词过去式 (条件从句用一般过去时)例句：If I had known, I would have helped.9. 祈使句动词原形（谓语动词第二人称和第三人称单数需在动词后加-s）例句：Open the door, please.10. 被动语态主语 + be动词 (am/is/are/was/were) + 过去分词例句：The book was written by him.二、形容词变形规则1. 原级形容词形容词的原形例句：She is beautiful.2. 比较级形容词形容词 + er（部分形容词需双写末尾字母再加er）例句：This car is faster than that one.3. 最高级形容词形容词 + est（部分形容词需双写末尾字母再加est）例句：He is the tallest person in the room.4. 原级否定形容词not + 形容词原级例句：The weather is not hot today.5. 比较级否定形容词not + 形容词比较级例句：She is not taller than her sister.6. 最高级否定形容词not + 形容词最高级例句：It is not the most expensive item in the store.三、副词变形规则1. 原级副词副词的原形例句：He sings well.2. 比较级副词副词 + er（部分副词需双写末尾字母再加er）例句：She speaks louder than before.3. 最高级副词副词 + est（部分副词需双写末尾字母再加est）例句：She ran the fastest in the race.4. 原级否定副词not + 副词原级例句：He does not always arrive on time.5. 比较级否定副词not + 副词比较级例句：I do not run faster than him.6. 最高级否定副词not + 副词最高级例句：It is not the most effectively written article.四、名词变形规则1. 单数名词名词的原形例句：The cat is sleeping.2. 复数名词名词 + s或es（部分名词需变换拼写规则）例句：The dogs are playing in the park.3. 不可数名词名词的原形（不变）例句：I need some water.4. 名词所有格名词 + 's例句：This is Sarah's book.五、代词变形规则1. 主格人称代词I / you / he / she / it / we / they例句：He is my friend.2. 宾格人称代词me / you / him / her / it / us / them例句：She gave it to me.3. 形容词性物主代词my / your / his / her / its / our / their例句：This is my book.4. 名词性物主代词mine / yours / his / hers / its / ours / theirs 例句：The pen is mine.六、冠词变形规则1. 定冠词the例句：The sun is shining.2. 不定冠词a / an例句：I bought a new car.七、连词变形规则1. 并列连词and / but / or例句：I like tea and coffee.2. 引导状语从句的连词if / unless / when / while / although例句：I will go if it doesn't rain.3. 引导目的状语从句的连词so that / in order to例句：He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.以上是自考树英语二高频变形规则表，希望对你的学习有所帮助。

基本句型四讲解,及句子拓展

基本句型四讲解,及句子拓展

昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. 老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种பைடு நூலகம்型：(1)及物动词＋宾语＋ for sb.；(2)及物动词＋宾语＋to sb.。如：
可得到：
a. The small boy in_red_sweater cried. (画线部分
为定语)
b. Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street. (画线部分为 状语)
for students. (画线部分为状语)
简单句扩展后，增加了可读性，使读者知道了更多
的信息，增强了感染力。
按要求对下列句子进行拓展 1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一个
不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)
In order to help me kill the time, the old woman ______________________________________________
【例2】对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语)一句进行扩展， 可得到： a. We found the great hall full of students and
teachers listening_to_an_important_report. ( 画线部分
2. Students buy books. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词 短语和从句作定语) The diligent students in our class often buy some _____________________________________________ books written in English on science, which are really ___________________________________________

浅说基本句型的扩展

浅说基本句型的扩展

浅说基本句型的扩展河北省永年县第八中学赵现国我们所学过的五种基本句型（即：主语+不及物动词；主语+及物动词+宾语；主语+连系动词+表语；主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语；主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语等五种）只是句子的基本框架，在实际应用中，为能更完整、更生动地表达更复杂的意思，我们常常需要将句子在基本框架的基础之上进行扩展，这样才能使好似骨架的基本句型形成完整的有血有肉的句子。

那么如何扩展呢？常见的方法有两种：一增加修饰成分：修饰成分包括定语和状语两种。

1定语：定语主要用来修饰名词和代词。

它可由单个词如形容词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、副词、数词、名词所有格、现在分词、过去分词或名词等来充当，也可以由短语如：介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语、分词短语等和从句来充当。

定语的位置有两种：①前置②后置。

一般情况下单词作定语应放到被修饰词之前，即前置定语；短语和从句作定语，应放到被修饰词之后，来充当后置定语。

如：two interesting stories told by our English teachera friend of Jim’s mother’sthe little lovely restaurant by the seathe university student in red sitting beside Tomboth the two disappointed girlsthe man who is speaking to our English teacher使用定语时应特别注意以下几点：★如果名词前有多个词充当定语，一般可以按照“先笼统后具体，先客观后主观，先短后长”的原则排列。

如：a nice new bike ,a long interesting book★具体地说不同词类充当名词的定语时一般可依据下面的次序排列：⑴不定代词、指示代词、名词性所有格、冠词、物主代词等限定词。

校本讲义（2）MicrosoftWord文档

校本讲义（2）MicrosoftWord文档

校本讲义（2）MicrosoftWord⽂档江苏省黄桥中学校M10U2本讲义（2）Reading1 expand vi./ vt. expansion n.1）使膨胀Metals expand when they are heated. ⾦属遇热膨胀。

2）扩张, 发展; The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve.这个公司已从⼀个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了。

Our students' vocabulary expands through reading. 学⽣的词汇量通过阅读扩⼤。

3）expand on/upon sth 详述，详细阐明Could you expand on that point, please? 你能详细阐明那要点吗？2 commit vt. committed committed committing1）犯(错误), ⼲(坏事) commit a crime犯罪commit an error做错事commit suicide⾃杀2）承诺, 保证He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿作任何承诺。

commit sb/oneself (to sth/doing sth) 专⼼致志于He is committing himself to working for the preventing the spread of Aids.3）commitment n. 承诺, 允诺make a commitment to do sth 承诺做某事3The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines intellectual property as ideas, which include inventions, writing, artwork, symbols and designs used in business. (P62)①分析句⼦结构：which⾮限制性定语从句；used in business过去分词做定语②翻译句⼦：世界知识产权组织(WIPO)将知识产权定义为智⼒创造成果, 包括发明, 著作, 艺术品和商业中使⽤的标志和设计。

高二册9—12课语言要点归纳与扩展_1

高二册9—12课语言要点归纳与扩展_1

高二册９—１２课语言要点归纳与扩展导读：本文高二册９—１２课语言要点归纳与扩展，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

The students are preparing for the sports meet.=The students are getting ready for the sports meet.=The students are making preparations for the sports meet.We're preparing to go on a holiday to Beijing next week.Yesterday when he came to see me, I was preparing mylessons.We should prepare the children for the examination. 我们应该使孩子们对考试有思想准备。

Jack is preparing himself to sit for the examination. 杰克正在准备参加考试。

You must be prepared to take the work.九、reach v. &n.（1）reach（更正式）＝arrive in/at＝get to（2）reach＋地点状语（介词短语充当）"扩展（延伸）到……"（3）reach sb.送达某人手里（4）reach sth.够到什么（5）reach (out)(sth.) for sth.（6）within one's reach＝within the reach of sb.某人能够到……（7）out of one's reach＝out of the reach of sb.某人够不到……［考例］—Where is the new dictionary?—It's on the top shelf, out of_________.A.reachB.sightC.touchD.order （'97海淀模拟）The banana was out of the monkey's reach.The sound reached to the back of the hall.Your letter reached me this morning.I can't reach the book on the shelf. Can you help me?He reached (out) for a piece of cake.The beggar reached out his hand for money.感谢阅读，希望能帮助您！。

简单句的扩展与长难句式的解析


2.5 同位语
William Shakespeare, the great English dramatist, wrote many world-famous dramas.
The Olympian athletic festival was held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods.
I need a book dealing with anti-pollution problems.
Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence.
2. 简单句式的扩展
2.1 主语的扩展 The need for information is of great importance. The first shelters or homes actually built by man
were very simple. The differences in relative growth of various areas of
She walked up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and keeping a sharp lookout for bargains.
2.3 宾语的扩展
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.
scientific research have several causes. Both the intelligence and diligence of students and

第三节英语写作中 基本句型的扩展


Expanding with Modifier Words
如果句子中同时有几个副词作修饰语，其 位置应按以下顺序排列：
程度副词方式副词地点副词时 间副词。 1. All the members of the project group discussed the research schedule quite carefully in the laboratory last weekend.
Expanding with Prepositional Phrases 1. With great feeling, Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed his dream of freedom. 2. I read the original edition of the book for the purpose of improving my English reading and writing proficiency. 3. Doctors were in great need during wartime.
Coordination
1. Expanding with Compound Sentences (1) Compound Sentences with Coordinators (2) Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs (3) Compound Sentences with a Semicolon 2. Expanding with Parallelism
Expanding with Modifier Words
1. Lisa gave us a special gift: a bowl that she had made in pottery class. 2. I have something particular to ask you. 3. The story was fabricated and completely untrue. 4. Reluctantly, I agreed to rewrite the proposal.

课堂拓展笔记U2

Unit TwoMarch 10 Wednesday1. go hungry挨饿There are a large number of children in the world who are still going hungry.Some children are even dying of hunger. 一些孩子甚至濒临饿死。

2. pass on … to …传递。

People do volunteer work to pass on kindness and love to others.3. V olunteering makes the world a warm place to live.4. care for=take care of=look after照顾care for 照顾；喜欢；关心（至少三个意思）Would you care for a cup of milk tea? 你喜欢奶茶吗？（要不要来一杯？）Your parents are the ones who most care for you. 父母是这世上最关心你的人。

比较：care about 关心；在乎/在意；担心（有重合的意思）What I only care about is my grades. 我只在乎我的成绩。

I don’t care about his opinions. 我才不在乎他是什么意见呢。

Some people don’t care about their clothes. 有些人不讲究衣着。

5. The village is no longer what it used to be years ago. 这个村庄再也不是多年前的样子了。

6. How soon is the Clean-Up Day?It is in two weeks. It is two weeks from now. It is two weeks away.7. put up notices/signs/tents张贴通知/张贴标志/搭帐篷8. Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.今日事今日毕。

五种基本句型及其扩展

五种基本句型及其扩展（共9页）（本文是魔方英语语法系列文章之二，节选自高伟《魔方英语语法》第一章第五节.五种基本句型及其扩展。

）学习基本句型的关键是抓住动词：五种基本句型的不同源于动词的不同，反过来说，五种动词可以扩展为相应的基本句型。

下边的1和2分别讲解这两句话。

1.按照动词后所跟不同成分，分为五种动词。

(1)按照能否加形容词，把动词分为系动词和实义动词。

①系动词能加形容词，构成第一种基本句型：主语+系动词+表语。

②实义动词不能加形容词，实义动词与其所加成分构成第二/三/四/五种基本句型。

(2)按照能否加宾语，把实义动词分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）。

①不及物动词（vi.），不能加宾语，构成第二种基本句型。

②及物动词（vt.），能加宾语，又细分为三种：如果加单宾语，则构成第三种基本句型：主语+谓语+宾语；如果加双宾语，则构成第四种基本句型：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；如果加复合宾语，则构成第五种基本句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

以上内容，也可以表示为下图：注：1.双及物动词即“跟双宾语的及物动词”，复合及物动词即“跟复合宾语的及物动词”。

第 章 标题 第 节 标题2.关于动词分类的更多内容，可参看第五章第一节。

2.五种动词扩展为五种基本句型。

即，动词+表语/宾语等 动词短语 +主语 基本句型。

如右表所示，3.五种基本句型扩展或转换为千姿百态的句子。

或者反过来说，英语中千姿百态的句子都是由基本句型变来的。

（1）基本句型，是指没有修饰成分的、正常语序的简单陈述句。

这个定义有四层含义：①简单句，是指不是并列句和复合句。

②陈述句，是指不是疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

③没有修饰成分，是指没有定语和状语等。

④正常语序，是指没有倒装与省略。

（2）基本句型的扩展和转换。

右列中，①③是基本句型的扩展。

②④是基本句型的转换。

就像数学公式一样，循环使用这些扩展和转换，就由基本句型产生了各种各样的句子以及所谓的长难句。

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? (2)科技的发展不仅改变了我们的工作方式， 而且也改变了我们的思维方式。(not only…but also)
The development of technology has_n_o_t_ _o_n_ly___changed __o_u_r _ _w_a_y_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_i_n_g_, b_u_t__ _a_ls_o__changed _o_u_r_ _w_a_y_ _o_f_ _t_h_in_k_i_n.g
The development of technology has changed our _w_a_y_ _o_f__ _c_o_m_m__u_n_ic_a_t_in_g__, _w__a_y _o_f_ _le_a_r_n_in_g_,, and even the way__o_f_ __w_o_r_k_i_n_g_.
__a_n_d__ then ___le_f_t__the hotel.
? 5. You have to hand in your report. ? 不是你就是他得把报告交上来。(either…or) ___E_it_h_e_r___you __o_r_he __h_a_s_ to hand in the report.
? (2)我哥哥的努力和才能给他带来了名声和财富。 (as well as)
My brother's efforts and ____t_a_le_n_tbrought him wealth ___as___ ___w__el_l__ ____a_s___ ____fa_m__e__.
? 4. The man finished his meal. ? 那人吃完饭，结了账，然后就离开了酒店。(and) The man finished his meal, ___p_a_id_ ___th_e_ ___b_il_l,
基本句型的扩展(Ⅰ)
前面所讲英语的六种基本句型只是英语句 子的最基本框架，要表达千差万别、丰富多彩 的思想内容，仅仅依靠这样几个简单的句子框 架显然是不够的。如果我们以这些基本句型为 基础，对句子加以扩展，就可以增大信息量, 使 句子表达手段得更加丰富，从而满足我们对各 种复杂内容表达的需要。
英语句型扩展的手段主要有三种： (1)增加 并列成分；(2)增加修饰成分； (3)使用各类从句。
增加并列成分
英语句子中的任何一个成分都可以增 加一个或多个并列成分，从而使句子变得 长而复杂。例如：
John visited a farm.
这是一个典型的 SVO(主谓宾 ) 句型， 通过增加并列成分可扩展为：
John, Mike and their classmates went to the countryside and visited a farm and a nursing home.
? 6. Some grandparents spoiled their grandchildren.
? 有些爷爷奶奶不是爱而是娇惯他们的孙子。 (rather than)
Some grandparents spoil their grandchildren
r_a_th_e_r_ _t_h_a_n__ _lo_v_e__them.
I bought her a birthday present but she doesn't like it . 我给她买了份生日礼物 但她不喜欢。 [ 简单句（主+谓+宾+宾补） +并列连词but+ 简单句（主+谓+宾）]
常用并列连词有 and, or, so, but, not only …but also, both …and, either …or, neither …nor, rather than, as well as 等。
话题写作
(2014湖南)学校正在组织科技创新大赛, 你想 为日常生活中的某件物品（如钢笔、书包、 鞋子……）设计添加新功能来参赛。请以 “My Magic”为题写一篇英语短文, 介绍你 的创意。主要内容: 1. 说明设计理由。 2. 介绍新功能。 注意：1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。
? 2. Tom didn't go to school yesterday. ? (1)汤姆昨天没有上学，也没有完成作业。
(neither…nor) Tom __n_e_it_h_e_r _went to school __n_o_r_ __d_i_d___his
homework yesterday. ? (2)汤姆和他兄弟昨天都没上学。(neither…nor) _N__e_it_h_e_r _Tom ___n_o_r__his brother __w__e_n_t to school
Байду номын сангаас
即学即用
?下列句子只给出了主干句型，请依据所给中文和 括弧里的英语提示扩展下列句子。 (一空一词)
? 1. The development of technology has changed our way of communicating.
? (1)科技的发展改变了我们交流的方式，学习的 方式，甚至工作的方式。(and)
yesterday.
? 3. My brother's efforts brought him success. ? (1)我哥哥的努力不仅带给了他名声，也带给了
他财富。(both…and)
My brother's efforts brought him___b_o_th___f_a_maend __w__ea_l_th____.
句 中 Mike and their classmates 是 John 的并列主语，went to the countryside 是visited的并列谓语，a nursing home是a farm 的并列宾语。
并列的成分也可以是句子，构成并列句。 即：简单句+并列连词+简单句
如：I help her and she helps me . 我 帮助她，她帮助我。 [简单句（主 +谓+宾） +并列连词and+ 简单句（主+谓+宾）]