太原理工大学考博英语大纲

考博英语提纲作文模板英文回答：Abstract。

The advancement of technology has brought about unprecedented opportunities and challenges for businesses and organizations. In the realm of marketing, the digital landscape has transformed the way brands connect with their target audiences. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards omnichannel marketing, which involves integrating multiple channels to deliver a seamless customer experience. This essay will delve into the transformative impact of omnichannel marketing, examining its key benefits, challenges, and future implications.Introduction。

In today's highly competitive business environment,organizations must find innovative ways to reach and engage their customers. Omnichannel marketing has emerged as a game-changer, providing businesses with a comprehensive approach to deliver a consistent and personalized experience across all touchpoints. By integrating online and offline channels, businesses can create a synergistic effect that amplifies their marketing efforts and drives better results.Body。

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。

太原理工考研大纲
太原理工大学考研大纲主要包括以下内容：
1. 化工原理基础知识：包括热力学、传质学、动力学、固体物理化学等方面的基础知识。

要求掌握热力学基本概念、能量守恒定律、熵增原理、化学势等热力学基本原理；了解物质传质的基本原理，包括扩散、对流、传递理论等；了解反应动力学的基本概念，包括速率常数、速率方程等；了解固体物理化学的基本概念，包括晶体结构、晶体缺陷等。

2. 化工流程原理：包括化学反应工程、分离工程、生物工程等方面的知识。

要求掌握化学反应工程的基本原理，如反应动力学、反应器设计等；了解分离工程的基本原理，如萃取、吸附、精馏等；了解生物工程的基本原理，如细胞培养、基因工程等。

3. 数学基础知识：包括高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计等方面的知识。

要求掌握高等数学的基本概念和计算方法，如极限、导数、积分等；了解线性代数的基本概念和计算方法，如矩阵、向量等；了解概率论与数理统计的基本概念和计算方法，如概率分布、统计推断等。

4. 英语知识：要求考生具备较高的英语阅读和写作能力，能够熟练阅读和理解英文文献和资料，能够用英语进行学术交流和写作。

以上是太原理工大学考研大纲的主要内容，具体考试内容和要求可能会根据不同的专业和研究方向有所差异。

建议考生在备考时仔细阅读太原理工大学的官方网站和招生简章，了解具体的考试要求和考试内容。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题I was（）by their kindness and moved to tears.问题1选项A.preoccupiedB.embarrassedC.overwhelmedD.counseled【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项preoccupied“使全神贯注，抢先占有”；B选项embarrassed“使困窘”；C选项overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”；D选项counseled“被劝告”。

句意：我被他们的善良（），感动得流下眼泪。

overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”和带有情绪色彩的move to tear 搭配使句子通顺。

因此C选项正确。

2.单选题Some years ago, Houston airport faced a troubling issue. Passengers were（1）about the long waits at baggage claim (行李提取处).（2）, the executives increased the number of baggage handlers. The plan（3）: the average wait fell to eight minutes, well within industry standard.（4）the complaints persisted.（5）, the airport executives undertook a more careful analysis. They found that it（6）passengers a minute to walk from their arrival gates to baggage claim and seven more minutes to get their bags. （7）, roughly 88 percent of their time was spent standing around waiting for their bags.So they decided on a new approach:（8）reducing wait time, they moved the arrival gates farther away from the main terminal. Passengers now had to walk six times longer. Complaints dropped to near（9）.This story shows that the experience of waiting is defined only partly by the objective （10）of the wait. Occupied time (walking to baggage claim) feels（11）than unoccupied time (（12）at baggage claim). Research on queuing has shown that, people on average,（13）how long they’ve waited in a line.This is also（14）one finds mirrors next to elevators. The（15）was born during the post-World War II boom, when the spread of high-rises（16）complaints about elevator delays. The reason behind the mirrors was（17）to the one used at the Houston airport: give people something to occupy their time.（18）overnight, the complaints ceased.We’ll never（19）lines altogether, but a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make those（20）delays more bearable. And when all else fails, bring a book.问题1选项A.warningB.thinkingC.askingplaining问题2选项A.In responseB.In factC.In theoryD.In turn问题3选项A.failedB.workedC.stoppedD.continued问题4选项A.SoB.ButC.OrD.And问题5选项A.PuzzledB.ScaredC.DelightedD.Relieved问题6选项A.spentB.neededC.costD.took问题7选项A.In generalB.In additionC.In any caseD.In other words问题8选项A.in spite ofB.instead ofC.by means ofD.because of问题9选项A.nothingB.zeroC.noneD.no问题10选项plaintB.reachC.feelingD.length问题11选项A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.harder问题12选项A.lookingB.standingC.servingD.pointing问题13选项A.dislikeB.disagreeC.overestimateD.misunderstand 问题14选项A.howB.whatC.whyD.when问题15选项A.reasonB.problemC.standardD.idea问题16选项A.called forB.pointed outC.led toD.began with问题17选项A.accustomedB.specificC.helpfulD.similar问题18选项A.RatherB.QuiteC.EntirelyD.Almost问题19选项A.crossB.eliminateC.drawD.create问题20选项A.inadequateB.impatientC.impossibleD.inevitable【答案】第1题:D 第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:B第16题:C第17题:D第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】1.考查动词辨析。

山大考博英语作文模板标题，An Analysis of Academic Writing Templates for the English Doctoral Entrance Examination at Shandong University。

Abstract:This essay examines the prevalent academic writing templates used by candidates preparing for the English doctoral entrance examination at Shandong University. It explores the structure, content, and linguistic features of these templates, aiming to provide insights into their effectiveness and implications for test takers.Introduction:The English doctoral entrance examination at Shandong University is a significant milestone for aspiring scholars seeking to pursue advanced studies in English literature, linguistics, and related fields. Among the various sectionsof the examination, the writing component holds particular importance as it assesses candidates' ability to articulate ideas, analyze arguments, and demonstrate proficiency in academic discourse. In this essay, we delve into the commonly employed templates for academic writing in the context of this examination, analyzing their structure, content, and linguistic characteristics.I. Overview of Academic Writing Templates:A. Introduction:The introduction serves as a roadmap for the essay, providing context, outlining the main points, and presenting a thesis statement. Common features include:1. General background information on the topic.2. Statement of the problem or issue.3. Preview of the main arguments or points to be discussed.B. Body Paragraphs:The body paragraphs constitute the substance of the essay, where arguments are developed, evidence is presented, and analysis is conducted. Key elements include:1. Topic sentences to introduce each main idea.2. Supporting evidence such as quotations, statistics,or examples.3. Analysis and interpretation of the evidence, demonstrating critical thinking.C. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the main points, reiterates the thesis, and offers insights or recommendations. Components may include:1. Restatement of the thesis in light of the argumentspresented.2. Summary of key findings.3. Implications or suggestions for further research.II. Linguistic Features:A. Formal Language:Academic writing necessitates the use of formal language characterized by:1. Objective tone: Avoidance of personal pronouns and emotive language.2. Precision and clarity: Clear articulation of ideas with precise vocabulary.3. Cohesion and coherence: Use of cohesive devices such as conjunctions and transition words to connect ideas.B. Complex Sentence Structures:Sophisticated writing often employs complex sentence structures, including:1. Subordination: Use of subordinate clauses to add nuance and complexity.2. Relative clauses: Incorporation of relative clauses to provide additional information about nouns.3. Parallelism: Structuring sentences in parallel form for clarity and emphasis.III. Analysis of Template Effectiveness:A. Strengths:1. Organizational clarity: Templates provide a clear framework for structuring essays, aiding coherence and readability.2. Argumentative rigor: By outlining main points and supporting evidence, templates facilitate the development of well-constructed arguments.3. Linguistic proficiency: Exposure to model essays enhances candidates' command of academic vocabulary and sentence structures.B. Limitations:1. Formulaic expression: Overreliance on templates may lead to formulaic writing devoid of originality or critical engagement.2. Rigidity: Strict adherence to templates may constrain creativity and inhibit candidates' ability to adapt to diverse writing tasks.3. Linguistic mimicry: While templates promotelinguistic proficiency, excessive imitation of model essays may hinder the development of candidates' unique voice and style.Conclusion:The analysis of academic writing templates for the English doctoral entrance examination at ShandongUniversity reveals both their merits and limitations. While providing a valuable framework for organizing ideas and enhancing linguistic proficiency, templates should be approached with caution to avoid stifling creativity and critical thinking. Test takers are encouraged to engage critically with model essays, adapting them to suit the specific requirements of the examination while striving for originality and clarity in their writing.。

太原理工大学2015年考博必知：公共课、专业课科目介绍又到了一年一度决定毕业出路的时刻了。

大二的暑期，同学们亟待解决的一个问题就是考虑自己本科毕业之后的去向。

由于目前社会就业压力大，整个人才市场上对学历也有着严苛的标准，拒绝接收研究生以下学历的公司亦不在少数。

因此，众多的考生因各种原因走上了考博的道路。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

考博共考2个科目，分别为：公共课和专业课。

在这里，老师就跟大家详细的介绍一下这4个科目的考试情况。

一、公共课有：考博政治、考博外语和考博数学。

1.考博政治只要是参加中国“全国硕士研究生入学统一考试”的考生，每个人都得考政治。

(FYI:报考管理类中6个专业学位(工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理、工程管理、会计、图书情报)和审计硕士的初试取消政治科目，思想政治理论考试由招生单位在复试中进行。

)2.考博外语外语科目针对报考的专业不同，可以选择英语、法语、德语、日语等不同的语种，这个主要是由你所报考的院校和你即将报考的专业决定的。

如果你报考英语专业的研究生，那么你的外国语应该就是英语以外的语种，如法语、德语等。

很多同学报考计算机专业，有的学校外语科目就可以选择日语。

但对于考博时考英语的学生来说，英语还分为英语(一)和英语(二)。

一般情况下，参加学术类硕士考试的学生参加英语(一)考试，而参加专业类硕士考试的学生参加英语(二)考试。

3.考博数学很多工科、理科或经济专业的考生都是要参加考博数学考试的。

数学作为公共课来考，有以下几种考试：全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学考试(简称考博数学)是各大高校、科研院所为招收工学、经济学、管理学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试。

各学科、专业对硕士研究生入学所应具备数学知识和能力的不同要求，从2009年数学考试分为3个卷种，其中针对工学门类的为数学一、数学二，针对经济学和管理学门类的为数学三。

需要选择数学一的专业：1)工学门类中的力学、机械工程、光学工程、仪器科学与技术、冶金工程、动力工程及工程热物理、电气工程、电子科学与技术、信息与通信工程、控制科学与工程、计算机科学与技术、土木工程、测绘科学与技术、交通运输工程、船舶与海洋工程、航空宇航科学与技术、兵器科学与技术、核科学与技术、生物医学工程等20个一级学科中所有的二级学科、专业。

博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲本大纲的各项规定作为太原理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。

一、考试对象报考太原理工大学相关专业拟攻读博士学位，并把英语作为第一外语的考生。

二、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。

考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

三、考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共分三个部分：阅读理解（40%）、英汉互译（20％），英语写作（40％）。

一、阅读理解（40%）本部分测试考生是否具备博士研究生英语学习要求的词汇量，以及在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解，并进行相关的判断和推理能力。

文章题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。

阅读理解共有4篇文章，包括4篇400词至700词左右的英文短文。

每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。

要求考生根据文章内容每题选出一个最佳选项。

二、英汉互译（10%＋10%）本部分测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度，考察考生是否能正确理解原文的意思，并从语篇的角度出发，用准确、达意的词语进行语言转换。

翻译分为A，B两部分。

A部分考试形式为英译汉，要求考生阅读一篇400词左右的英语短文，并将文章中的5个句子翻译成汉语。

B部分考试形式为汉译英，要求考生将一段150字左右的中文短文翻译成英语。

两部分原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普等相关领域知识。

三、英语写作（15%＋25%）本部分测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及英语写作基础知识的实际运用能力。

英语写作分为“写作一”和“写作二”两部分。

“写作一”为应用文写作，要求考生根据题目要求用英语完成文章摘要、图表描述、数据分析、学术信函等有关内容的写作，字数为150词左右。

《博士研究生英语》教学大纲（English for Postgraduates）一、编写说明本课程学分4分，总课时4 x 15周 = 60 课时，必修课。

课程简介：本课程由英语读写和英语视说组成。

上课主要学习精读课文、解疑释惑、视说训练，课后需要完成听、说、读、写等各种形式的作业。

（一）、本课程的教学目的和要求本课程的对象为博士生，其英语水平在6级或以上。

教学目的：巩固和提高博士生的英语阅读水平，英语交流水平，尝试用英语撰写学术论文的水平，用英语参加国际学术会议的水平。

教学要求：读：能运用各项阅读技能，熟练阅读并正确理解难度较大、结构复杂的文献。

读后能够理解文章内容，归纳中心思想。

阅读应该以准确理解与大量阅读并重。

在博士生阶段，总阅读量一般不低于20万词，为达到上述要求，应理解性掌握至少6000个常用单词及600个左右词组，复用性掌握其中2300个左右的基本词。

认知200个左右词根和词缀，并能根据构词法识别派生词。

写、译：较熟练地运用基本写作技能，按要求在一小时内写出300词左右的短文，正确表达思想，无重大语言错误，基本符合英语表达习惯。

能借助词典，将难度较大、结构复杂的文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。

速度为每小时350个左右英文词。

能借助词典，将中等难度的短文译成英语，无重大语言错误，基本符合英语表达习惯。

速度为每小时250左右汉字。

视、听、说对语速为每分钟140词的一般性题材和科普材料可以一遍听懂，理解中心思想和主要内容。

对基本标准语音语调的一般原版视频节目能看懂大意。

能基本听懂本专业的学术报告，并作简要的笔记。

能进行一般性对话，能基本表达自己的学术见解。

要求学生积极配合课堂教学，参与课堂讨论，认真完成视听、说写等各项作业。

（二）、大纲的教学体系精读为主，提高原作阅读水平。

视听为辅，提高话语理解水平。

说写并举，提高学术表达水平。

二、教学大纲内容第一单元Text A: Cyberspace Writing：Four Kinds第二单元Text A: Why is it so hard ……Writing: Expressive Discourse第三单元Text A: The Case against Man Writing: Affirming Discourse 第四单元Text A: The Future of English Writing: Persuasive Discourse第五单元Text A: Love in L.A. Writing: Letters & Invitations第六单元Text A: Billion-dollar Babies Writing: Application Letters 第七单元Text A: They Dared Cocaine ……Writing: Resume三、考核方式及成绩评定标准考核方式：闭卷成绩评定标准：总成绩（百分制）= 平时成绩30% + 期末考试70% （其中平时成绩由课堂表现、作业、小型测试组成。