型）先天性心脏病的病理，手术治疗的原则及指征 ❖ 掌握缩窄性心包炎的定义，了解其临床表现及手术治
疗原则 ❖ 掌握风湿性心脏病的病理生理，手术指征，手术治疗
的方法 ❖ 了解冠心病的病理生理，手术指征，手术治疗的方法
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overview
The impact of cardiovascular diseases on the human population is enormous. In our country, cardiovascular diseases affects over 80 million people and accounts for over 40%of all deaths. Approximately 100 billion yuan will be spent on the care of these patients every year.
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History of Heart Surgery
❖ Many years ago, doctors thought that heart surgery was a dream. Surgeons during World War II had learned how to operate on the heart, but they could not carry out what they had learned because it was hard to operate on a beating, moving heart. Also, the heart could not be stopped for more than a few minutes without causing brain damage.
