2017考研英语:并列句中出现的省略现象
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2017考研英语长难句省略情况汇总来源:文都图书长难句难做,很大一部分原因在于,长难句的省略情况。
所以,理解好长难句在什么情况出现省略,对我们加深对长难句的理解,是很有帮助的。
所以,就将长难句常见的省略情况分享给大家。
一、在单句中的省略情况。
1、有省主语:(We’ve) Got to go now;2、省略谓语或谓语的一部分:(Is)The machine stillnot working;3、省略宾语Which of them is the better choice?-Well, it’s hard to say (it).;4、省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分),只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分What a pity (it is) you can’t go to the lecture.5、还有省略不定式、省略冠词等等。
二、并列句中的省略。
在并列结构中,如果后半句出现and, but, neither, either,nor, so, too时,后一分句与前一分句相同的部分可以省略。
【例:Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuu m”but “in the real world”and that Europe coul d yet develop different rules. 在该句中谓语动词warn后接两个并列的that引导的宾从。
第一个从句中使用了not…but…”不是…而是…”句型,but后省略了与not后相同的动词live.】三、不定式符号to后的省略。
有些动词比如afford, hate, have, hope, intend等之后,to往往省略动词,以免重复。
四、此外在状语从句中的省略情况。
由whenever, whatever, wherever, however, no matter how/ what/when/where以及whether…or等引导的状语从句,也常常发生省略情况。
连词的省略认识连词的省略方式和语法规则连词的省略:认识连词的省略方式和语法规则连词在句子中起着连接词组、短语或从句的作用。
然而,在某些情况下,我们可以将连词省略掉,使句子更加简洁明了。
本文将介绍连词省略的方式以及相应的语法规则。
1. 并列连词的省略在表示并列关系的句子中,如果两个短语或从句之间的并列连词相同,那么第二个短语或从句的连词可以被省略。
例如:- 我喜欢唱歌,也喜欢跳舞。
(也可以省略)- 他喜欢看电影,不喜欢看电视剧。
(不可以省略)需要注意的是,并列连词“和”不能省略,其他例如“也”、“但是”、“或者”等常用的连词也不能省略。
2. 从属连词的省略在表示从属关系的句子中,有些从属连词可以被省略,具体规则如下:2.1 如果主句和从句之间的连词是“如果”、“假如”、“既然”、“因为”等表示原因、条件或假设的连词,那么从句中的连词可以省略。
例如:- 如果有时间,我会去看展览。
(如果可以省略)- 她没有来,是因为生病了。
(因为不可以省略)2.2 当从句是由“当”、“虽然”、“尽管”、“只要”等引导的让步状语从句时,我们可以省略从句中的连词。
例如:- 虽然外面下雨,但他还是去了足球场。
(虽然可以省略)- 尽管很累,他还是坚持完成了工作。
(尽管不可以省略)2.3 如果从句是由“所以”、“因此”、“然而”等表示结果、因果或转折关系的连词引导的,我们也可以将从句中的连词省略掉。
例如:- 我很喜欢这件衣服,所以我买下了它。
(所以可以省略)- 他出门忘记带钱包,因此没能买到东西。
(因此不可以省略)需要注意的是,省略从属连词之后,从句的动词形式要发生相应的变化。
例如,省略了“如果”,从句中的动词要改为原形。
值得一提的是,连词的省略在口语中更加常见,但在书面语中使用相对较少,需要根据具体语境进行判断。
在正式的写作中,为了避免误解或歧义,建议尽量完整地使用连词。
总结:连词的省略是为了让句子更加简洁明了。
在并列关系中,如果连词相同,第二个短语或从句的连词可以被省略。
2017考研英语基础班讲义二〇一五年主编:Ada 司内部讲义翻版必究并列句一.定义:You may go with us, or you may stay at home.It was getting late; we had to go back.二.并列句连词1.表示转折关系的并列连词有:but, yet , nevertheless, while2.表示因果关系的并列连词有:for3.表示并列附加关系:and,not only…but also4.表示选择关系的:either…or neither….nor or三.并列句中的省略现象Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.(08)定语从句一.什么是定语二.定语的种类定语前置a lovely girl twenty students定语后置He give me a basket full of eggsA film about the life of workers.The ability to modify the environment.三.定语从句含义用句子做定语,放在被修饰对象的后面。
These are useful booksThese are the books which I needed in my research.区分:从句作定语和单词作定语的区别总结:定语从句的结构先行词+关系词+从句=定语从句四.定语从句的模式(一)先行词1.一个名词Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night…2.一个短语或者从句作名词概念We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004年翻译)What the were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion ago.3.一个完整的句子He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend very much.(二)关系代词which/who/whom/that/whose1.关系代词指代人That/who都可以充当从句的主语,宾语或者标语,但是,若先行词后出现逗号,这时的定语从句只能用who引导。
英语语法中并列句中的省略介绍编者按:在并列句中,后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省去,以免重省。
下面小编就来带你一起学习下并列句中的省略,希望对大家有帮助。
在语言的实际应用中,有时上下文或者当时的语境能帮助我们理解文章的内容,所以往往可以省去一个或者更多的句子成分。
并列句中的省略1在并列句中,后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省去,以免重省。
例如:She is nurse and he a doctor.她是护士,他是医生。
My brother likes sports and I music.我兄弟喜欢体育,我喜欢音乐。
She will go to London and he to New York.她将去伦敦,而他去纽约。
2有时由于上下看得很明白,后一句分句中的有些词语也可省去They tried their best but (they tried) in vain.他们尽了力,但是白费劲。
She spoke Japanese and (she spoke) very fluently atthe beginning.她说了日语,而且开始时还很流利。
(Give me)One more chance and I’ll surely succeed.再给一个机会,我一定会成功。
补充并列句中的省略:1.若并列从句中的左右两个分句主语虽然不同,但是两个分句有相同的be动词,则可以省略连词和后一个分局的be动词。
例如:Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.→Failing hips can be replaced,(省略and)clinical depression(省略can be)controlled,(省略and)cataracts(省略can be) removedin a 30-minute surgical procedure.髋骨坏了可以更换,临床的忧郁症可以得到控制,白内障仅用30分钟手术就能治好。
考研英语试题并列句中的省略现象总结考研英语试题并列句中的省略现象总结以下三种情况是为大家总结的并列句中常见的省略现象:1、如果并列句中的左右两个分句虽然主语不同,但是两个分句有相同的be动词,那么可以省略连词和后一个分句的be动词。
例句:Its scientists were the world’s best, (省略and) its workers (省略 were) the most skilled.译文:它的科学家是世界上最好的,它的工人是世界上最熟练的。
例句:Failing hips can be replaced, (省略and) clinical depression (省略 can be) controlled, (省略 and) cataracts (省略 can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical pr ocedure.译文:髋骨坏了可以换,临床忧郁症可以得到控制,白内障仅用30分钟的手术就能治好。
例句:It is said that in England death is pressing, (省略 and) in Canada (省略 death is) inevitable and in California (省略 death is) optional.译文:据说,在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的`,在加拿大死亡是不可避免的,而在加利福尼亚死亡则是可以选择的。
2、如果并列句中左右两个分句出现重复的部分,那么后一个分句可以省略重复的部分,但是没有重复的部分要保留。
例句:Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know (省略 that smoking would kill us) for sure?译文:你还记得那些年科学家说吸烟会致命,但怀疑者坚持说我们并不确定吸烟是否真的会致命吗?3、在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
并列句的省略连词后的省略:1.一句话只要有省略就一定是省略在连词后。
2.连词后面有的成分连词前面通常(如果连词后面只有一个成分,前面一定会找到对应成分;如果连词后有两个以上的成分,不一定每个成分都能找到对应内容,但至少有一个对应)有。
3.连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的内容。
I was beaten and you.分析长难句的步骤:分析长难句的第一步:找动词。
如果一句话中有几个动词,就找这句话的主句的谓语动词。
分析长难句的第二步:找连词(连接两个词性相同的单词的时候除外,如:n.+and+n.)。
分析长难句的第三步:找定语。
分析长难句的第四步:找状语。
1.Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and (this requires) hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.2.The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, (are more likely to be) sought out as friends, and (are more likely to be) pursued romantically.3. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and (There will be) cars with pollution monitors that willdisable them(指代) when they offend.There will be ——我们将会有代词指代题的做题方法:就近原则,一致原则。
英语中的种种省略现象英语中的种种省略现象在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。
现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下:一、并列复合句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
如:1.The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
2.Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
3.T om must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛骊一直在写作业4.Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。
二、主从复合句中的省略1.状语从句中的省略一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时,并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则:(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ,这时从句中可出现如下结构:① 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词如:Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
英语中的省略现象在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,给考生的理解增加了困难。
在近几年的NMET中,省略现象十分常见,为帮助考生更好地迎战高考,现对省略现象总结如下:一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well,but that one doesn餿 (work well).这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units,some (of them) (weigh) 235 units,and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.ニ有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。
其中有的重234,有的重235,而有的重238。
二、在when,while,if,as if,though(或although),as,until,once,wheth er,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
1. When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.水纯净时,是无色的液体。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.我困难时总是找她帮助。
3. Errors,if any,should be corrected.如果有什么错误,就应当改正。
(if后省略了there are)4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.木头燃烧时,它放出很多烟。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.这封信留在这里待领。
浅谈英语中的省略现象一、引言在英语中,有时为了行文方便或者对话简洁,可以在不影响句子意思的情况下选择性地省略句子中的部分内容或句子结构,这种现象叫省略现象.省略现象多数出现在对话中,包括语法上的省略和习惯中的省略,其特点是虽然省去了句子中的部分成分,但是还是可以完整地表达意义.本文将从语法角度和行文习惯方面对英语中常见的省略现象进行讨论.二、在并列中的省略现象在英语并列句中,省略是一种较为常见的语法现象.在并列句中,如果后边的分句和前面的分句中有相同的成分,则可以省略该成分.如:David likes eating hamburgers and (David likes) drinking cola.Lily was born in 1974 and her husband (was born) in 1970.三、主从结构中的省略现象1.在主句中的省略现象(1)主句中的省略多见于句首,多用于口语中.例如:(It is/was) A pity you couldn’t come.(I’m) So sorry to hear that.(2)有时在对话中为了避免重复,可将整个主句省去,直接用从属分句回答.A: When shall we go?B: As soon as I finish my work.A: Do you like the bag?B: Yes, except the size.2.状语从句中的省略现象(1)时间状语从句中的省略When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.Don’t come in until (you are) a sked to.(2)让步状语从句中的省略He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) really annoying.I won’t go to such silly concerts even if (I am) invited to.(3)方式状语从句中的省略He cried out as if (he was) beat up heavily by his father.He took out his wallet as if (he wanted) to pay for the bill.(4)比较状语从句中的省略She can figure the math problem out as quickly as you (can).The result he showed us is much better than (it was) expected.3.定语从句中的省略现象(1)”that”在定语从句中作表语时可以省略,例如:That is all (that) I want to tell you.(2)”that”在从句中作补语时可以省略,例如:I’m not the little boy (that you thought any more.This is the best place (that) I can think of to celebrate her birthday.(3)作状语时的省略可分以下几种情况:①当先行词是”reason”,并且当它作原因状语时,可以省略关系副词.例如: The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.That is the reason (why/that) I didn’t call him.②当先行词是”way”,并且当它作方式状语时,可以省略关联词.例如:The way (in which/ that) he uses this machine is wrong.③当先行词是”time”时,也可以省略关联词”when”或者”that”.例如:The first time (that/when) I met him was in 2005.I don’t know the exact time (when/ that) the party will begin.④当先行词是”place”时,可以省略关联词”where”或”that”.例如:The place (where/ that) we will have our picnic is far away from our school.This is the right place (where/ that) he was born.(4)定语从句的关系代词”that /which /who”后面如有”be动词”,可以省略关系代词及”be动词”,例如:The girl (who is) standing over there is Mary.The beautiful concert hall (which was) built in 1980 was destroyed by the earthquake.4.宾语从句中的省略(1)在及物动词后面的宾语从句中,一般可以省略连词”that”;但如果及物动词后面是由”that”引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只能省略第一个”that”.如:Our headmaster told us (that) Mr. Smith would retire soon and that we would have a new math teacher.(2)由”which,when,where,how,why”引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略.如:I know that Sandra is going to leave China, but I don’t know when (she will leave China).He wants to go to Tibet, but his parents don’t know why (he wants to go to Tibet).5.在与”suggest,request,order,advise”等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式”should +动词原形”,这里的”should”可以省略.如:My teacher suggested that I (should) use the Internet to find more information.四、几种特殊情况下的省略1.在口语中的省略现象在英语口语中,为了对话的简洁,在不影响理解的情况下有时可以将句子中的一些可以简化的部分省略掉.如:(Are you there? )→You there?(Are you ready to go?)→Ready to go?(Did you finish your homework yet?)→Finish your homework yet?在日常口语中, 人们甚至会将”Where do you want to go?”等这样的句子简化为”Where you want to go?”或者”Where to go?”等.2.在英语新闻标题中,新闻标题的表达方法与人们通常见到的语法不同,叫做”headlines”,其与日常所使用的英语的不同体现在以下方面:(1)冠词基本省略Deadly Pakistan Avalanche Renews Calls for Glacier’s Demilitarization.(The Deadly Pakistan Avalanche Renews Calls for Glacier’s De militarization)(2)连系动词通常省略North Korea Ready for Rocket Launch(North Korea is ready for Rocket Launch)(3)助动词通常省略Shenzhou-9 Spacecraft Delivered to Launch Center(Shenzhou-9 Spacecraft was Delivered to Launch Center )H5N1 virus found on bird body in Hong Kong(H5N1 virus was found on bird body in Hong Kong)(4)连词通常省略并用逗号代替China, Japan, ROK vow to ease launch tensions(China, Japan and ROK vow to ease launch tensions)五、结语在英语中,可以省略的部分有很多,包括主语宾语等均可以在不影响理解的情况下省略.省略主要出现在对话中,其作用是为了使对话更加简洁,这是英语的一种习惯用法.如何熟练运用省略使在交流中更为简洁是语言学习的难点,值得我们进一步深入探讨.参考文献:[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009.[2]许建平.词语省略,言简意赅[J].大学英语,2006(10).[3]张向阳.实用大学英语语法教程最新精编版[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.[4]黄超霞.浅谈英语语境试题中的省略现象[J].试题与研究:教学论坛,2011(15).[5]陈怡.影视语料与当代英语口语解析[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009.[6]刘龙根,李书民.高级英语学习语法[M].长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2008.。
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在2017考研英语的备考中,并列句中的省略现象不可小觑。
所谓并列巨中的省略现象就是说英语表达中有一个不成文的原则,叫做避免重复原则。
比如在并列句中,并列连词左右两边的部分,在内容上有重复的,一般后面的部分要省略掉重复的内容。
但是在两边的内容结构一定是对称的和平衡的。
下面各位考生随作者一起来学习下。
1.如果并列句的左右两个分句主语虽然不同,但是两个分句有相同的be 动词,那么可以省略连词和后一个分句的be 动词。
例句:
Its scientists were the world's best , its workers the most skilled.
→Its scientists were the world's best , (省略and)its workers (省略were) the most skilled.
它的科学家是世界上最好的,他的工人是世界上最熟练的。
It is said that in England death is pressing , in Canada inevitable and in California optional .
→It is said that in England death is pressing ,(省略and) in Canada (省略death is )inevitable and in California (省略death is )optional .
据说,在英国死亡时迫在眉睫的,在加拿大死亡时不可避免的,而在加利福尼亚死亡则是可以选择的。