完全版英语词汇学名词解释

第一章word

l.Word ——A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic

funtion.

第三章 formation 1

1. Morpheme ——A morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the position of words.

2. Allomorph — Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a

word. Such alternative morphs are know as allomorphs.

3. Free morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes which are independent of other morphemes.

4. Bound Morphemes --- They are morphemes which cannot occur as separate words.

5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a

free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to bine with other morphemes to make words.

6. Affixes ——Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or

function.

7. Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are

known as inflectional morphemes.

8. Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes ——Prefixes are affixes that e before the word.

10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that e after the word.

11. Root ——A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of

identity.

12. Stem ——a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.

2. Prefixation ——is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.

Suffixation--- is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.

3. pounding (positon) -- is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.

4. Conversion-- is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

5. Blending-- is the formation of new words by bined by parts of two words or a word plus a plus a part

of another word.

6. Clipping- is the formation of new words by shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original

and using what remain instead.

7. Acronymy-- is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and

political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.

8. Back-formation -- is a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a

supposed affix. E.g. editor entered the language before edit. 第五章meaning

1. Reference --- the relationship between language and the world.

2. Concept ——which beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the 第四章 formation 21, Affixation - affixation is generally defined as the objective world in the human mind.

3. Sense- denotes the relationship inside the language.

4 . Motivation - -accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.

5 . Onomatopoeic Motivation - -These words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.

6 . Morphological Motivation--pounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the

meaning of many are the sum total of the morphemes bined.

7 . Semantic Motivation - -refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a

word. 8. Etymological Motivation-- The history of the word explains the meaning of the word

9 .Grammatical meaning - refer to that part of the meaning of the word which i ndicates grammatical

concept or relationships.

10 .Lexical meaning--is constant in all the words within or without context relat ed to the notion that

the word conveys.

11 .Conceptual meaning (denotative meaning) - the meaning given in the di ctionary and forms the

core of word-meaning

12 .Associative meaning - the secondary meaning supplemented to the concep tual meaning. It is

open-ended and indeterminate

13 .Connotative meaning ---the overtones or association suggested by the con ceptual meaning

14 .Stylistic meaning - stylistic features make the words appropriate for different contexts.

15 . Affective meaning - the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in q uestion.

第六章 Sense Relations and semantic Field

23. Abbreviation includes four types : I. Clipped words II. Initialisms III. Acronyms I. II. Initialisms--are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters. E.g. IMF/ai em

ef/=International Monetary Fund. III.IV. Blends--are words that are bined by parts of other word 24. Opaque Words--Words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannot be analysed

into parts are called opaque words, such as axe, glove.

25. Transparent Words --Words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into