core
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linux c 配置core文件生成路径-回复Linux C配置core文件生成路径在Linux系统下,当程序运行出现错误或崩溃时,通常会生成一个core 文件。
core文件是程序崩溃时的内存转储文件,它记录了程序运行时的状态,可以帮助开发人员进行调试和分析。
在默认情况下,core文件会生成在当前工作目录下,但有时我们可能需要将core文件生成到指定的路径中。
本文将一步一步介绍如何在Linux C程序中配置core文件生成路径。
步骤一:查看当前core文件生成路径在开始配置core文件生成路径之前,我们首先需要查看当前core文件生成路径。
可以通过以下命令来查询:bashsysctl kernel.core_pattern运行这条命令后,会显示一个类似于下面的输出信息:bashkernel.core_pattern = core上述输出中,`core`表示core文件的生成文件名。
在这种情况下,core 文件会生成在当前工作目录下,并以`core`作为文件名。
步骤二:配置core文件生成路径要将core文件生成到指定路径中,我们需要修改`/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern`文件。
可以使用文本编辑器打开该文件并进行修改,例如可以使用`vim`编辑器:bashsudo vim /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern在编辑器中,你会看到类似于下面的内容:core这里的`core`表示core文件的生成文件名。
要将core文件生成到指定的路径中,我们可以在文件名前面添加路径:/path/to/corefiles/core在上面的示例中,我们将core文件的生成路径指定为`/path/to/corefiles`,核心文件的文件名仍然为`core`。
你可以根据自己的需要修改路径和文件名。
在进行修改之后,保存文件并退出编辑器。
步骤三:应用修改在修改完`kernel.core_pattern`文件后,我们需要重新加载配置以使修改生效。
浅析Linux下core文件当我们的程序崩溃时,内核有可能把该程序当前内存映射到core文件里,方便程序员找到程序出现问题的地方。
最常出现的,几乎所有C程序员都出现过的错误就是“段错误”了。
也是最难查出问题原因的一个错误。
下面我们就针对“段错误”来分析core文件的产生、以及我们如何利用core文件找到出现崩溃的地方。
何谓core文件当一个程序崩溃时,在进程当前工作目录的core文件中复制了该进程的存储图像。
core文件仅仅是一个内存映象(同时加上调试信息),主要是用来调试的。
当程序接收到以下UNIX信号会产生core文件:在系统默认动作列,“终止w/core”表示在进程当前工作目录的core文件中复制了该进程的存储图像(该文件名为core,由此可以看出这种功能很久之前就是UNIX功能的一部分)。
大多数UNIX调试程序都使用core文件以检查进程在终止时的状态。
core文件的产生不是POSIX.1所属部分,而是很多UNIX版本的实现特征。
UNIX第6版没有检查条件(a)和(b),并且其源代码中包含如下说明:“如果你正在找寻保护信号,那么当设置-用户-ID命令执行时,将可能产生大量的这种信号”。
4.3 + BSD 产生名为core.prog的文件,其中prog是被执行的程序名的前1 6个字符。
它对core文件给予了某种标识,所以是一种改进特征。
表中“硬件故障”对应于实现定义的硬件故障。
这些名字中有很多取自UNIX早先在DP-11上的实现。
请查看你所使用的系统的手册,以确切地确定这些信号对应于哪些错误类型。
下面比较详细地说明这些信号。
SIGABRT 调用abort函数时产生此信号。
进程异常终止。
SIGBUS 指示一个实现定义的硬件故障。
SIGEMT 指示一个实现定义的硬件故障。
EMT这一名字来自PDP-11的emulator trap 指令。
SIGFPE 此信号表示一个算术运算异常,例如除以0,浮点溢出等。
在代码量较多时,调试比较困难。
常用方法是在源码中插入大量的printf语句。
但是当发生segmentation fault时,定位就比较复杂了。
【转】GDB调试core文件样例(如何定位Segment fault)core dump又叫核心转储, 当程序运行过程中发生异常, 程序异常退出时, 由操作系统把程序当前的内存状况存储在一个core文件中, 叫core dump. (linux中如果内存越界会收到S IGSEGV信号,然后就会core dump)在程序运行的过程中,有的时候我们会遇到Segment fault(段错误)这样的错误。
这种看起来比较困难,因为没有任何的栈、trace信息输出。
该种类型的错误往往与指针操作相关。
往往可以通过这样的方式进行定位。
一造成segment fault,产生core dump的可能原因1.内存访问越界a) 由于使用错误的下标,导致数组访问越界b) 搜索字符串时,依靠字符串结束符来判断字符串是否结束,但是字符串没有正常的使用结束符c) 使用strcpy, strcat, sprintf, strcmp, strcasecmp等字符串操作函数,将目标字符串读/写爆。
应该使用strncpy, strlcpy, strncat, strlcat, snprintf, strncmp, strncasecmp等函数防止读写越界。
2 多线程程序使用了线程不安全的函数。
3 多线程读写的数据未加锁保护。
对于会被多个线程同时访问的全局数据,应该注意加锁保护,否则很容易造成core dump4 非法指针a) 使用空指针b) 随意使用指针转换。
一个指向一段内存的指针,除非确定这段内存原先就分配为某种结构或类型,或者这种结构或类型的数组,否则不要将它转换为这种结构或类型的指针,而应该将这段内存拷贝到一个这种结构或类型中,再访问这个结构或类型。
这是因为如果这段内存的开始地址不是按照这种结构或类型对齐的,那么访问它时就很容易因为bus error 而core dump.5 堆栈溢出.不要使用大的局部变量(因为局部变量都分配在栈上),这样容易造成堆栈溢出,破坏系统的栈和堆结构,导致出现莫名其妙的错误。
CORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae Aw A L Le TYPE MATERIALA *B * C( cm4 )( mm2)( mm2)( nH/N2 ) ( mm ) TYPE EC COREEC353C8535.3*17.3*9.5 1.374184.30163.002100.0077.40EC413C8541.6*19.5*11.6 2.5894121.00214.002700.0089.30EC523C8552.2*24.2*13.4 5.5980180.00311.003600.00105.00EC703C8571.7*34.5*16.417.8281279.00639.003900.00144.00 TYPE EE COREEE05PC40 5.25*2.65*1.950.0013 2.63 5.00285.0012.60EE6.3PC40 6.1*2.85*7.950.0015 3.31 4.46405.0012.20EE8PC408.3*4.0*3.60.00917.0013.05590.0019.47EE10/11PC4010.2*5.5*4.750.028712.1023.70850.0026.60EE13PC4013.0*6.0*6.150.057017.1033.351130.0030.20EE16PC4016*7.2*4.80.076519.2039.851140.0035.00EE19PC4019.1*7.95*5.00.124323.0054.041250.0039.40EE19/16PC4019.29*8.1*4.750.119122.4053.151350.0039.10EE20/20/5PC4020.15*10*5.10.157231.0050.701460.0043.00EE22PC4022*9.35*5.750.159041.0038.792180.0039.40EE2329S PC4023*14.7*60.436835.80122.001250.0064.90EE25/19PC4025.4*9.46*6.290.312840.0078.202000.0048.70EE25.4PC4025.4*9.66*6.350.317340.3078.732000.0048.70EE2825PC4028*12.75*10.60.852586.9098.103300.0057.70EE30PC4030*13.15*10.70.7995109.0073.354690.0057.70EE30/30/7PC4030.1*15*7.050.745559.70124.872100.0066.90EE3528PC4034.6*14.3*9.3 1.339884.80158.002600.0069.70EE40PC4040*17*10.7 2.2000127.00173.234150.0077.00EE4133PC4041.5*17*12.7 2.8260157.00180.004200.0079.00EE42/21/15PC4042*21.2*15 4.9484178.00278.003800.0097.90EE42/21/20PC4042*21.2*20 6.4625235.00275.005000.0097.80EE47/39PC4047.12*19.63*15.624.7529242.00196.406660.0090.60EE50PC4050*21.3*14.6 5.7343226.00253.736110.0095.80EE55/55/21PC4055.15*27.5*20.713.6764354.00386.347100.00123.00EE57/47PC4056.57*23.6*18.89.7132344.00282.368530.00102.00EE60PC4060*22.3*15.69.8558247.00399.025670.00110.00EE50.3PC4050.3*25.6*6.1 1.8447120.85152.642900.00104.90EE62.3/62/6PC4062.3*31*6.1 3.0330153.01198.223100.00125.74EE65/32/27PC4065.15*32.5*2730.7625535.00575.008000.00147.00 TYPE EF COREEF12.6PC4012.7*6.4*3.60.031113.0023.90810.0029.60EF16PC4016.1*8.05*4.50.080020.1039.821100.0037.60EF20PC4020*9.9*5.650.101333.5030.241570.0044.90EF25PC4025.05*12.55*7.20.237651.8045.872000.0057.80EF32PC4032.1*16.1*9.150.651583.2078.302590.0074.30 TYPE EFD COREEFD103F310.5*5.2*2.70.00847.2011.60500.0023.70EFD123F312.5*6.2*3.50.018711.4016.38700.0028.50EFD153F315*7.5*4.650.047015.0031.35780.0034.00EFD203C8520*10*6.650.155031.0050.001300.0047.00EFD253C9025*12.5*9.10.393858.0067.892200.0057.00EFD303C9030*15*9.10.602869.0087.362100.0068.00 TYPE EI COREEI12.5PC4012.4*7.4*4.850.023514.4016.321200.0021.30EI16PC4016.0*12.2*4.80.083919.8042.371100.0034.60EI19PC4020*13.55*5.00.130524.0054.361400.0039.60EI22PC4022.0*14.55*5.750.160642.0038.242400.0039.30 EI25PC4025.3*15.55*6.750.316541.0077.192140.0047.00 EI22/19/6PC4022.0*14.7*5.750.198037.0053.502000.0041.80 EI28PC4028.0*16.75*10.60.600586.0069.834300.0048.20 EI30PC4020.0*21.25*10.70.8207111.0073.944690.0058.00 EI33/29/13PC4033.0*23.75*12.7 1.5854118.50133.794400.0067.50 EI35PC4035.0*24.25*10.0 1.3343101.40131.593800.0067.10 EI3530PC4035.0*24.2*12 1.6592122.00136.003950.0068.00 EI40PC4040.0*27.25*11.65 2.3301148.00157.444860.0077.00 EI50PC4050.0*33.35*14.6 5.5218230.00240.086110.0094.00 EI60PC4060.0*35.85*15.69.8024247.00396.865670.00109.00 EI70PC4070.0*54.0*31.637.7618698.00541.0010500.00145.00 TYPE EP COREEP73C859.4*3.75*6.50.010210.709.501120.0015.50 EP103C8511.5*5.1*7.60.025511.3022.571025.0019.30 EP133C8512.8*6.5*9.00.045619.5023.401475.0024.20 EP173C8518.0*8.4*11.00.121033.7035.902230.0029.50 EP203C8524*10.7*150.499778.7063.503950.0041.10 TYPE EPC COREEPC10PC4410.2*4.05*3.40.00729.397.691000.0017.80 EPC13PC4413.3*6.6*4.60.028812.5023.00870.0030.60 EPC17PC4417.6*8.55*60.042622.8018.701150.0040.20 EPC19PC4419.1*9.75*60.123522.7054.40940.0046.10 EPC25PC4425.1*12.5*80.396746.4085.501560.0059.20 EPC25B PC4425.1*11.43*6.50.206833.3062.101560.0046.20 EPC27PC4427.1*16*80.589754.60108.001540.0073.10 EPC30PC4430.1*17.5*80.713761.00117.001570.0081.60 TYPE ER COREER9.35 TP49.35*2.35*4.60.00598.207.241270.0013.70 ER9.5 PC449.5*2.45*5.90.00548.47 6.40610.0014.20 ER11.5 PC4410.83*2.45*40.007811.70 6.67870.0014.00 ER14.5 PC4414.5*2.95*6.70.019017.6010.801280.0019.00 ER1916 TP419.2*16*5.60.198528.8068.931140.0054.90 ER25.5 PC4025.5*9.3*7.50.355744.8079.401920.0048.20 ER25/51 TP425.4*25.4*180.073452.8013.914330.0027.20 ER28/28 PC4028.55*14*11.40.935982.10114.002870.0064.00 ER28/34 PC4028.55*16.9*11.4 1.204781.40148.002520.0075.50 ER30/16 TP430*8*200.8546107.5079.504500.0045.00 ER30/35 TP430*17.5*11.2 1.356985.50158.702160.0075.40 ER35/34 TP435*16.8*11.3 1.6178107.00151.203000.0072.80 ER35/41 PC4035*20.7*11.3 2.3326107.00218.002770.0090.80 ER39/36 B139.1*17.8*12.5 2.7713125.00221.703850.0084.00 ER39/42 B139.1*21.1*12.5 3.4975125.00279.803200.0096.00 ER40/45PC4040*22.4*13.3 3.7101149.00249.003620.0098.00 ER42/15 PC4042*22.4*15.5 4.3262194.00223.004690.0098.80 ER42/20 PC4042.15*21.2*19.6 5.4960240.00229.005340.0098.60 ER49/54 N2749*27*17.29.0153243.00371.003500.00118.00 ER54/363C8553.5*18.3*17.95 3.1500250.00126.006100.0091.80 TYPE ETD COREETD19PC4019.6*13.65*7.40.291241.3070.501720.0054.60 ETD24PC4024.4*14.45*8.50.574356.30102.002125.0061.90 ETD29PC4029.8*15.8*9.5 1.068773.60145.202500.0070.60 ETD34PC4034.2*17.3*10.88 1.825597.10188.002780.0078.60 ETD39PC4039.1*19.8*12.58 3.2125125.00257.003150.0092.10 ETD44PC4044*22.3*14.9 5.3375175.00305.004000.00103.00 ETD49PC4048.7*24.7*16.47.9875213.00375.004440.00114.00 ETD54N2754.5*27.8*19.311.5360280.00412.004200.00127.00ETD59N2759.8*31.2*22.117.4064368.00473.005000.00139.00 TYPE LP CORELP22/13PC4425*11.2*12.90.571767.9084.203310.0049.00 LP23/8PC4416.5*11.7*8.70.185331.3059.201600.0044.10 LP32/13PC4425*15.9*12.90.880970.30125.302630.0064.00 TYPE RM CORERM4PC4010.8*5.2*4.450.021814.0015.60680.0022.70 RM5PC4014.3*5.2*6.60.043123.7018.201250.0022.40 RM6PC4017.6*6.2*80.095236.6026.001600.0028.60 RM8PC4022.75*8.2*10.80.313064.0048.901950.0038.00 RM10PC4027.85*9.3*13.250.681198.0069.503630.0044.00 RM12PC4036.75*11.7*16 1.5400140.00110.004150.0056.90 RM14PC4041.6*14.4*18.7 2.9140188.00155.004600.0069.00 TYPE PTS COREPTS14/83C8514.05*4.15*9.40.037417.0022.001750.0022.50 PTS18/113C8518*5.3*11.940.106737.2028.672400.0028.70 PTS23/113C8522.9*5.5*15.20.184657.2032.283560.0031.60 PTS23/183C8522.9*9*15.20.361058.3061.922900.0045.10 PTS30/193C8530*9.4*20.20.8864111.0079.864140.0050.20 TYPE PQ COREPQ20/16PC4420.5*8.1*140.291462.0047.003880.0037.40 PQ20/20PC4420.5*10.1*140.408062.0065.803150.0045.70 PQ26/20PC4426.5*10.1*190.7188119.0060.406170.0046.30 PQ26/25PC4426.5*12.37*190.9971118.0084.505250.0055.50 PQ32/20PC4432*10.27*22 1.3736170.0080.807310.0055.50 PQ32/30PC4432*15.17*22 2.4086161.00149.605140.0074.60 PQ35/35PC4435.1*17.37*26 4.3238196.00220.604860.0087.90 PQ40/40PC4440.5*19.87*28 6.5526201.00326.004300.00101.90 PQ50/50PC4450*24.97*3214.2024328.00433.006720.00113.00 TYPE UU COREUU8.5PC408.5*6.35*3.450.02517.7632.30560.0031.40 UU9.8PC409.8*7.1*2.70.02697.6535.20500.0034.10 UU10.1HS7210.1*7.5*2.90.03278.6038.00515.0035.70 UU10.5HS7210.5*7.9*50.073712.4059.40720.0040.50 UU13.5PC4013.5*9.9*50.137416.3084.30800.0049.20 UU15.22PC4015.2*11.2*6.70.204432.5062.901400.0050.50 UU15.23PC4015.2*11.4*6.40.212131.9066.501360.0051.70 UU15.7HS7215.7*9.7*60.208324.8084.001100.0050.00 UU17PC4017*16.6*60.516526.90192.00750.0078.30 UU19.7HS7219.7*17.7*60.694836.00193.00980.0083.20 UU21PC4020.8*15.8*7.70.561654.00104.001760.0068.60 UU25PC4025*14*70.754649.00154.001530.0072.00Ve Wt P CL 100kHz200mTPt(100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀6530.0038.0021.58H 10800.0060.0024.58H 18800.00112.0028.312H 40100.00254.0041.412/34H33.100.160.02 1.1 2.76-8H40.400.240.02 2.76H139.000.700.06 1.9 4.786H302.00 1.500.16 6.68V517.00 2.700.2357.410V672.00 3.300.318.56-10V H 900.00 4.800.4296-8V H 882.00 4.800.4196-8V H 1340.007.500.511610.008.800.618.458V 2320.0012.00 1.161940.009.100.91963.0010.000.95010.0026.00 2.519.610V 6310.0032.00 2.913.710-12V 4000.0022.00 1.515910.0029.00 2.9615.712V 9810.0050.00 4.217.312V 12470.0064.00 6.2519510.0088.008.823000.00116.0011.621930.00108.009.721600.00116.009.421.312V 43700.00234.0011.0(150MT)35100.00190.008.527100.00135.0012.523.812V 12676.0068.00 5.8328.2512H 19240.00102.008.8533.8512H 78700.00399.00 5.9(100MT)385.00 2.000.17 3.510V754.00 3.900.321500.007.400.692990.0015.00 1.46180.0032.00 2.9171.000.450.0268H325.000.900.047.68H510.00 1.400.068.88H 1460.00 3.500.2713.58H 3300.008.000.3816.410H 4700.0012.000.5420.112H308.00 1.900.12 3.510V670.00 3.300.318.56-10H V 950.00 5.100.429.056-8H V可配合BOBBIN1630.009.800.68.451月8日V 1927.009.800.799.88V 1550.008.500.648.451月8日V 4145.0022.00 1.659.610V 6440.0034.00 3.113.710-12V 8002.0041.00 3.516.612V 6804.0036.00 2.8515.71月12日V 8350.0043.00 4.211300.0060.00 4.817.31月12日V 21600.00115.009.221.312V 27100.00139.00 1.2523.81月12日V 101530.00519.007.61(100MT)165.000.800.03 3.46H 215.00 1.100.04 5.68H 472.00 2.400.097.610H 999.00 5.000.169.458H 3230.0016.000.512.4510H 167.00 1.100.072 5.4382.00 2.100.148.6 6.910H 917.00 4.500.352010473.00 5.300.42712.212H 2748.0013.00 1.116314.712H 1539.0011.000.654514.712H 3995.0018.00 1.568020.512H 5035.0023.00 2.038522.812H 111.800.55120.000.60 3.9 2.28V 174.000.85 5.0 1.910V 333.00 1.009.5 1.9101584.10 1.802160.0011.000.988710.610V 1435.708.105257.0028.00 2.320316.1/16.710--12H V 6143.0033.00 2.722821.8/22.410--12H V 4833.8025.006673.0032.007790.0051.0026.412V 9682.0052.00 4.232526.112--16V 10530.0056.0028.212V 12000.0057.1028.416V 14587.0078.00 6.342127.816V 19163.00102.008.643327.816V 23635.00116.0010.750927.316H 28700.00146.0023000.0061.00 3.83118V 22530.0013.30 1.1793480.0019.50 1.61155193.0028.00 2.417019.713H 7640.0040.00 3.5527121.514H 11500.0060.00 5.33822616H 18000.0094.008.35233018H 24200.00124.0011.268235600.00180.002651200.00260.003277.0021.00 1.31211377.009.600.52504498.0030.00 1.7164318.00 1.700.08 6.9 5.94-6V 530.00 3.000.1816 4.94-6V 1050.00 5.500.4127 6.44-6V 2430.0013.000.97679.158-12V 4310.0023.00 1.813010.7510-12V 7960.0042.00 3.334414.811-12V 13000.0070.00 4.7537618.810-12V 495.00 2.50412V 1070.00 5.000.19(25kHZ)66V 1810.009.000.28(25kHZ) 5.1610V 2630.0013.000.41(25kHZ)11.7610V 5570.0030.000.87(25kHZ)10.810V 2310.0013.000.847011.912V 2790.0015.00 1.029211.912V 5490.0031.00 1.9417013.612V 6530.0036.00 2.3219513.612V 9420.0042.00 2.9223211970.0055.00 3.9233118.512V 19260.0073.00 5.2745220450.0095.00 6.5659637238.00195.00 6.41045243.00 1.200.12261.00 1.300.14300.00 1.500.15505.00 2.500.26803.00 4.000.41640.008.500.831650.008.600.831310.00 6.700.662100.0010.00 1.062990.0015.00 1.53700.0019.00 1.863520.0018.00 1.77CORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae Aw A L Le TYPE MATERIALA *B * C( cm4 )( mm2)( mm2)( nH/N2 ) ( mm ) EC353C8535.3*17.3*9.5 1.374184.30163.002100.0077.40EC413C8541.6*19.5*11.6 2.5894121.00214.002700.0089.30EC523C8552.2*24.2*13.4 5.5980180.00311.003600.00105.00EC703C8571.7*34.5*16.417.8281279.00639.003900.00144.00Ve Wt P CL 100kHz200mTPt(100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀6530.0038.0021.58H 10800.0060.0024.58H 18800.00112.0028.312H 40100.00254.0041.412/34H可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae AwA L Le A *B *C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )EE05PC40 5.25*2.65*1.950.0013 2.63 5.00285.0012.60EE6.3PC40 6.1*2.85*7.950.0015 3.31 4.46405.0012.20EE8PC408.3*4.0*3.60.00917.0013.05590.0019.47EE10/11PC4010.2*5.5*4.750.028712.1023.70850.0026.60EE13PC4013.0*6.0*6.150.057017.1033.351130.0030.20EE16PC4016*7.2*4.80.076519.2039.851140.0035.00EE19PC4019.1*7.95*5.00.124323.0054.041250.0039.40EE19/16PC4019.29*8.1*4.750.119122.4053.151350.0039.10EE20/20/5PC4020.15*10*5.10.157231.0050.701460.0043.00EE22PC4022*9.35*5.750.159041.0038.792180.0039.40EE2329SPC4023*14.7*60.436835.80122.001250.0064.90EE25/19PC4025.4*9.46*6.290.312840.0078.202000.0048.70EE25.4PC4025.4*9.66*6.350.317340.3078.732000.0048.70EE2825PC4028*12.75*10.60.852586.9098.103300.0057.70EE30PC4030*13.15*10.70.7995109.0073.354690.0057.70EE30/30/7PC4030.1*15*7.050.745559.70124.872100.0066.90EE3528PC4034.6*14.3*9.3 1.339884.80158.002600.0069.70EE40PC4040*17*10.7 2.2000127.00173.234150.0077.00EE4133PC4041.5*17*12.72.8260157.00180.004200.0079.00EE42/21/15PC4042*21.2*154.9484178.00278.003800.0097.90EE42/21/20PC4042*21.2*20 6.4625235.00275.005000.0097.80EE47/39PC4047.12*19.63*15.624.7529242.00196.406660.0090.60EE50PC4050*21.3*14.6 5.7343226.00253.736110.0095.80EE55/55/21PC4055.15*27.5*20.713.6764354.00386.347100.00123.00EE57/47PC4056.57*23.6*18.89.7132344.00282.368530.00102.00EE60PC4060*22.3*15.69.8558247.00399.025670.00110.00EE50.3PC4050.3*25.6*6.1 1.8447120.85152.642900.00104.90EE62.3/62/6PC4062.3*31*6.1 3.0330153.01198.223100.00125.74EE65/32/27PC4065.15*32.5*2730.7625535.00575.008000.00147.00TYPEMATERIALVe WtP CL 100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀33.100.160.02 1.1 2.76-8H40.400.240.02 2.76H139.000.700.06 1.9 4.786H302.00 1.500.16 6.68V517.00 2.700.2357.410V672.00 3.300.318.56-10V H 900.00 4.800.4296-8V H 882.00 4.800.4196-8V H 1340.007.500.511610.008.800.618.458V 2320.0012.00 1.161940.009.100.91963.0010.000.95010.0026.00 2.519.610V 6310.0032.00 2.913.710-12V 4000.0022.00 1.515910.0029.00 2.9615.712V 9810.0050.00 4.217.312V 12470.0064.00 6.2519510.0088.008.823000.00116.0011.621930.00108.009.721600.00116.009.421.312V 43700.00234.0011.0(150MT)35100.00190.008.527100.00135.0012.523.812V 12676.0068.00 5.8328.2512H 19240.00102.008.8533.8512H 78700.00399.00 5.9(100MT)可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae Aw A L Le TYPE MATERIALA *B * C( cm4 )( mm2)( mm2)( nH/N2 ) ( mm ) EF12.6PC4012.7*6.4*3.60.031113.0023.90810.0029.60EF16PC4016.1*8.05*4.50.080020.1039.821100.0037.60EF20PC4020*9.9*5.650.101333.5030.241570.0044.90EF25PC4025.05*12.55*7.20.237651.8045.872000.0057.80EF32PC4032.1*16.1*9.150.651583.2078.302590.0074.30Ve Wt P CL 100kHz200mTPt(100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀385.00 2.000.17 3.510V754.00 3.900.321500.007.400.692990.0015.00 1.46180.0032.00 2.9可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )EFD103F310.5*5.2*2.70.00847.2011.60500.0023.70EFD123F312.5*6.2*3.50.018711.4016.38700.0028.50EFD153F315*7.5*4.650.047015.0031.35780.0034.00EFD203C8520*10*6.650.155031.0050.001300.0047.00EFD253C9025*12.5*9.10.393858.0067.892200.0057.00EFD303C9030*15*9.10.602869.0087.362100.0068.00TYPEMATERIALVe WtP CL 100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀171.000.450.0268H325.000.900.047.68H510.00 1.400.068.88H 1460.00 3.500.2713.58H 3300.008.000.3816.410H 4700.0012.000.5420.112H可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae AwA L Le A *B *C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )EI12.5PC4012.4*7.4*4.850.023514.4016.321200.0021.30EI16PC4016.0*12.2*4.80.083919.8042.371100.0034.60EI19PC4020*13.55*5.00.130524.0054.361400.0039.60EI22PC4022.0*14.55*5.750.160642.0038.242400.0039.30EI25PC4025.3*15.55*6.750.316541.0077.192140.0047.00EI22/19/6PC4022.0*14.7*5.750.198037.0053.502000.0041.80EI28PC4028.0*16.75*10.60.600586.0069.834300.0048.20EI30PC4020.0*21.25*10.70.8207111.0073.944690.0058.00EI33/29/13PC4033.0*23.75*12.71.5854118.50133.794400.0067.50EI35PC4035.0*24.25*10.01.3343101.40131.593800.0067.10EI3530PC4035.0*24.2*12 1.6592122.00136.003950.0068.00EI40PC4040.0*27.25*11.65 2.3301148.00157.444860.0077.00EI50PC4050.0*33.35*14.6 5.5218230.00240.086110.0094.00EI60PC4060.0*35.85*15.69.8024247.00396.865670.00109.00EI70PC4070.0*54.0*31.637.7618698.00541.0010500.00145.00TYPEMATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀308.00 1.900.12 3.510V670.00 3.300.318.56-10H V 950.00 5.100.429.056-8H V 1630.009.800.68.451月8日V 1927.009.800.799.88V 1550.008.500.648.451月8日V 4145.0022.00 1.659.610V 6440.0034.00 3.113.710-12V 8002.0041.00 3.516.612V 6804.0036.00 2.8515.71月12日V 8350.0043.00 4.211300.0060.00 4.817.31月12日V 21600.00115.009.221.312V 27100.00139.00 1.2523.81月12日V 101530.00519.007.61(100MT)可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )EP73C859.4*3.75*6.50.010210.709.501120.0015.50EP103C8511.5*5.1*7.60.025511.3022.571025.0019.30EP133C8512.8*6.5*9.00.045619.5023.401475.0024.20EP173C8518.0*8.4*11.00.121033.7035.902230.0029.50EP203C8524*10.7*150.499778.7063.503950.0041.10TYPEMATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀165.000.800.03 3.46H215.00 1.100.04 5.68H472.00 2.400.097.610H999.00 5.000.169.458H 3230.0016.000.512.4510H可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )EPC10PC4410.2*4.05*3.40.00729.397.691000.0017.80EPC13PC4413.3*6.6*4.60.028812.5023.00870.0030.60EPC17PC4417.6*8.55*60.042622.8018.701150.0040.20EPC19PC4419.1*9.75*60.123522.7054.40940.0046.10EPC25PC4425.1*12.5*80.396746.4085.501560.0059.20EPC25B PC4425.1*11.43*6.50.206833.3062.101560.0046.20EPC27PC4427.1*16*80.589754.60108.001540.0073.10EPC30PC4430.1*17.5*80.713761.00117.001570.0081.60TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀167.00 1.100.072 5.4382.00 2.100.148.6 6.910H917.00 4.500.352010473.00 5.300.42712.212H 2748.0013.00 1.116314.712H 1539.0011.000.654514.712H 3995.0018.00 1.568020.512H 5035.0023.00 2.038522.812H可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A LLe A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )ER9.35 TP49.35*2.35*4.60.00598.207.241270.0013.70ER9.5 PC449.5*2.45*5.90.00548.47 6.40610.0014.20ER11.5 PC4410.83*2.45*40.007811.70 6.67870.0014.00ER14.5 PC4414.5*2.95*6.70.019017.6010.801280.0019.00ER1916 TP419.2*16*5.60.198528.8068.931140.0054.90ER25.5 PC4025.5*9.3*7.50.355744.8079.401920.0048.20ER25/51 TP425.4*25.4*180.073452.8013.914330.0027.20ER28/28 PC4028.55*14*11.40.935982.10114.002870.0064.00ER28/34 PC4028.55*16.9*11.4 1.204781.40148.002520.0075.50ER30/16 TP430*8*200.8546107.5079.504500.0045.00ER30/35 TP430*17.5*11.2 1.356985.50158.702160.0075.40ER35/34 TP435*16.8*11.3 1.6178107.00151.203000.0072.80ER35/41 PC4035*20.7*11.3 2.3326107.00218.002770.0090.80ER39/36 B139.1*17.8*12.5 2.7713125.00221.703850.0084.00ER39/42 B139.1*21.1*12.5 3.4975125.00279.803200.0096.00ER40/45PC4040*22.4*13.3 3.7101149.00249.003620.0098.00ER42/15 PC4042*22.4*15.5 4.3262194.00223.004690.0098.80ER42/20 PC4042.15*21.2*19.6 5.4960240.00229.005340.0098.60ER49/54 N2749*27*17.29.0153243.00371.003500.00118.00ER54/363C8553.5*18.3*17.953.1500250.00126.006100.0091.80TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀111.800.55120.000.60 3.9 2.28V174.000.85 5.0 1.910V333.00 1.009.5 1.9101584.10 1.802160.0011.000.988710.610V 1435.708.105257.0028.00 2.320316.1/16.710--12H V 6143.0033.00 2.722821.8/22.410--12H V 4833.8025.006673.0032.007790.0051.0026.412V 9682.0052.00 4.232526.112--16V 10530.0056.0028.212V 12000.0057.1028.416V 14587.0078.00 6.342127.816V 19163.00102.008.643327.816V 23635.00116.0010.750927.316H 28700.00146.0023000.0061.00 3.83118V可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )ETD19PC4019.6*13.65*7.40.291241.3070.501720.0054.60ETD24PC4024.4*14.45*8.50.574356.30102.002125.0061.90ETD29PC4029.8*15.8*9.5 1.068773.60145.202500.0070.60ETD34PC4034.2*17.3*10.88 1.825597.10188.002780.0078.60ETD39PC4039.1*19.8*12.58 3.2125125.00257.003150.0092.10ETD44PC4044*22.3*14.9 5.3375175.00305.004000.00103.00ETD49PC4048.7*24.7*16.47.9875213.00375.004440.00114.00ETD54N2754.5*27.8*19.311.5360280.00412.004200.00127.00ETD59N2759.8*31.2*22.117.4064368.00473.005000.00139.00TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL 100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀22530.0013.30 1.1793480.0019.50 1.61155193.0028.00 2.417019.713H 7640.0040.00 3.5527121.514H 11500.0060.00 5.33822616H 18000.0094.008.35233018H 24200.00124.0011.268235600.00180.002651200.00260.00可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )LP22/13PC4425*11.2*12.90.571767.9084.203310.0049.00LP23/8PC4416.5*11.7*8.70.185331.3059.201600.0044.10LP32/13PC4425*15.9*12.90.880970.30125.302630.0064.00TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL 100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀3277.0021.00 1.31211377.009.600.52504498.0030.00 1.7164可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )RM4PC4010.8*5.2*4.450.021814.0015.60680.0022.70RM5PC4014.3*5.2*6.60.043123.7018.201250.0022.40RM6PC4017.6*6.2*80.095236.6026.001600.0028.60RM8PC4022.75*8.2*10.80.313064.0048.901950.0038.00RM10PC4027.85*9.3*13.250.681198.0069.503630.0044.00RM12PC4036.75*11.7*16 1.5400140.00110.004150.0056.90RM14PC4041.6*14.4*18.72.9140188.00155.004600.0069.00TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀318.00 1.700.08 6.9 5.94-6V530.00 3.000.1816 4.94-6V 1050.00 5.500.4127 6.44-6V 2430.0013.000.97679.158-12V 4310.0023.00 1.813010.7510-12V 7960.0042.00 3.334414.811-12V 13000.0070.00 4.7537618.810-12V可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )P14/83C8514.05*4.15*9.40.037417.0022.001750.0022.50P18/113C8518*5.3*11.940.106737.2028.672400.0028.70P23/113C8522.9*5.5*15.20.184657.2032.283560.0031.60P23/183C8522.9*9*15.20.361058.3061.922900.0045.10P30/193C8530*9.4*20.20.8864111.0079.864140.0050.20TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀495.00 2.50412V 1070.00 5.000.19(25kHZ)66V 1810.009.000.28(25kHZ) 5.1610V 2630.0013.000.41(25kHZ)11.7610V 5570.0030.000.87(25kHZ)10.810V可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap AeAw A L Le A * B * C ( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )PQ20/16PC4420.5*8.1*140.291462.0047.003880.0037.40PQ20/20PC4420.5*10.1*140.408062.0065.803150.0045.70PQ26/20PC4426.5*10.1*190.7188119.0060.406170.0046.30PQ26/25PC4426.5*12.37*190.9971118.0084.505250.0055.50PQ32/20PC4432*10.27*22 1.3736170.0080.807310.0055.50PQ32/30PC4432*15.17*22 2.4086161.00149.605140.0074.60PQ35/35PC4435.1*17.37*26 4.3238196.00220.604860.0087.90PQ40/40PC4440.5*19.87*28 6.5526201.00326.004300.00101.90PQ50/50PC4450*24.97*3214.2024328.00433.006720.00113.00TYPE MATERIALVe WtP CL 100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀2310.0013.000.847011.912V 2790.0015.00 1.029211.912V 5490.0031.00 1.9417013.612V 6530.0036.00 2.3219513.612V 9420.0042.00 2.9223211970.0055.00 3.9233118.512V 19260.0073.00 5.2745220450.0095.00 6.5659637238.00195.00 6.41045可配合BOBBINCORE參數對照表Dimensions (mm)Ap Ae AwA L Le A *B * C( cm 4 )( mm 2)( mm 2)( nH/N 2 ) ( mm )UU8.5PC408.5*6.35*3.450.02517.7632.30560.0031.40UU9.8PC409.8*7.1*2.70.02697.6535.20500.0034.10UU10.1HS7210.1*7.5*2.90.03278.6038.00515.0035.70UU10.5HS7210.5*7.9*50.073712.4059.40720.0040.50UU13.5PC4013.5*9.9*50.137416.3084.30800.0049.20UU15.22PC4015.2*11.2*6.70.204432.5062.901400.0050.50UU15.23PC4015.2*11.4*6.40.212131.9066.501360.0051.70UU15.7HS7215.7*9.7*60.208324.8084.001100.0050.00UU17PC4017*16.6*60.516526.90192.00750.0078.30UU19.7HS7219.7*17.7*60.694836.00193.00980.0083.20UU21PC4020.8*15.8*7.70.561654.00104.001760.0068.60UU25PC4025*14*70.754649.00154.001530.0072.00TYPEMATERIALVe WtP CL100kHz200mTPt (100kHz)( mm3 ) ( g )@ 100℃ (W)( Watts )幅寬PIN形狀243.00 1.200.12261.00 1.300.14300.00 1.500.15505.00 2.500.26803.00 4.000.41640.008.500.831650.008.600.831310.00 6.700.662100.0010.00 1.062990.0015.00 1.53700.0019.00 1.863520.0018.00 1.77可配合BOBBIN。
Linux下core⽂件调试⽅法在程序不寻常退出时,内核会在当前⼯作⽬录下⽣成⼀个core⽂件(是⼀个内存映像,同时加上调试信息)。
使⽤gdb来查看core⽂件,可以指⽰出导致程序出错的代码所在⽂件和⾏数。
1.core⽂件的⽣成开关和⼤⼩限制(1)使⽤ulimit -c命令可查看core⽂件的⽣成开关。
若结果为0,则表⽰关闭了此功能,不会⽣成core⽂件。
通过上⾯的命令修改后,⼀般都只是对当前会话起作⽤,当你下次重新登录后,还是要重新输⼊上⾯的命令,所以很⿇烦。
我们可以把通过修改 /etc/profile⽂件来使系统每次⾃动打开。
步骤如下:1.⾸先打开/etc/profile⽂件⼀般都可以在⽂件中找到这句语句:ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1.ok,根据上⾯的例⼦,我们只要把那个0 改为 unlimited 就ok了。
然后保存退出。
2.通过source /etc/profile 使当期设置⽣效。
3.通过ulimit -c 查看下是否已经打开。
其实不光这个命令可以加⼊到/etc/profile⽂件中,⼀些其他我们需要每次登录都⽣效的都可以加⼊到此⽂件中,因为登录时linux都会加载此⽂件。
⽐如⼀些环境变量的设置。
还有⼀种⽅法可以通过修改/etc/security/limits.conf⽂件来设置,⾸先以root权限登陆,然后打开/etc/security/limits.conf⽂件,进⾏配置:#vim /etc/security/limits.conf<domain> <type> <item> <value>* soft core unlimited(2)使⽤ulimit -c filesize命令,可以限制core⽂件的⼤⼩(filesize的单位为kbyte)。
若ulimit -c unlimited,则表⽰core⽂件的⼤⼩不受限制。
Core⼊门知识第⼀节⼀、CoreIDRAW简介Core IDRAW是Corel公司推出的集图形设计、⽂字编辑、绘制、制作及图形⾼品质输出于⼀体的⽮量绘制软件。
此软件⾮常便于⽤户的使⽤,⽆论是绘制简单的图形,还是进⾏复杂的设计,它都会让⽤户得⼼应⼿。
由于它的功能强⼤,掌握起来⽐较容易,所以它已成为专业美术设计师⾸选的⽮量图形设计软件之⼀。
⼆、启动:1、开始菜单-程序-core IDRAW2、双击快捷图标三、基本操作:1、新建⽂件-新建新建按钮ctrl+n2、打开⽂件-打开打开按钮ctrl+o3、保存⽂件-保存ctrl+s 另存为ctrl+shift+s4、导⼊⽂件-导⼊ctrl+i四、CoreIDRAW的默认格式.CDR五、界⾯的组成:1、标题栏2、菜单栏3、⼯具栏4、属性栏5、⼯具箱6、页⾯控制栏7、页⾯打印区域8、调⾊板9、状态栏10、标尺11、滚动条六、⼯具1、挑选-空格(主要⽤于移动、缩放、旋转对象旋转中⼼也可以更改)2、形状-F10(更改形状)3、刻⼑-⽤于切割对象4、橡⽪-X⽤于擦除对象5、涂抹刷-使图⽚产⽣拉扭效果6、粗糙笔刷-使图⽚产⽣边缘锯齿7、⾃由变换-可以使图形⾃由调整⾓度8、删除虚设线-将线框内所有内容删除9、缩放-Z(放⼤、缩⼩F3、缩放选定对象、缩放全部对象、按页⾯缩放、按页宽、按页⾼)10、平移-H11、⼿绘-F5(按住ctrl键旋转直线,会以15度⾓增减,终点与起点重合可以闭合曲线12、贝赛尔-在节点上提供了控制节点和控制柄(按住ctrl 控制柄15度增减、按住alt键更改节点位置)13、艺术笔-I分为五种模式:预置模式-可在该模式下⾃定义线形,备选线形会在属性栏中显⽰画笔模式-可以向绘制的线形上添加⽂本或简单图形喷罐模式-可以向绘制的线形上添加喷绘的⽂本或简单的图形书法模式-绘制出的曲线宽度会随着⽅向的改变⽽改变,可以模仿书法字的效果压⼒模式-绘制线形宽度由键盘输⼊值控制,可以产⽣封闭的曲线效果。
core表达式corn表达式一共由七个子表达式组成,前六个必填,最后一个可填,子表达式之间用空格隔开。
1.Seconds (秒)范围(0~59)2.Minutes(分)范围(0~59)3.Hours(小时)范围(0~23)4.Day-of-Month (天)范围(1~31,但是要注意有些月份没有31天)5.Month(月)范围(0~11,或者"JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV,DEC")6.Day-of-Week (周)范围(1~7,1=SUN 或者"SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT”)7.Year(年)范围(1970~2099)corn表达式允许特殊的字符(, - * / ? L W C# )且含义如下:* :代表所有可能的值。
因此,“*”在Month中表示每个月,在Day-of-Month中表示每天,在Hours表示每小时- :表示指定范围。
, :表示列出枚举值。
例如:在Minutes子表达式中,“5,20”表示在5分钟和20分钟触发。
/ :被用于指定增量。
例如:在Minutes子表达式中,“0/15”表示从0分钟开始,每15分钟执行一次。
"3/20"表示从第三分钟开始,每20分钟执行一次。
和"3,23,43"(表示第3,23,43分钟触发)的含义一样。
:用在Day-of-Month和Day-of-Week中,指“没有具体的值”。
当两个子表达式其中一个被指定了值以后,为了避免冲突,需要将另外一个的值设为“?”。
例如:想在每月20日触发调度,不管20号是星期几,只能用如下写法:0 0 0 20 * ?,其中最后以为只能用“?”,而不能用“*”。
L:用在day-of-month和day-of-week字串中。
它是单词“last”的缩写。
Prepreg&corePrepreg:半固化片,又称预浸材料,是用树脂浸渍并固化到中间程度(B阶)的薄片材料。
半固化片可用作多层印制板的内层导电图形的黏结材料和层间绝缘。
在层压时,半固化片的环氧树脂融化、流动、凝固,将各层电路毅合在一起,并形成可靠的绝缘层。
core:芯板,芯板是一种硬质的、有特定厚度的、两面包铜的板材,是构成印制板的基础材料。
通常我们所说的多层板是由芯板和半固化片互相层叠压合而成的。
而半固化片构成所谓的浸润层,起到粘合芯板的作用,虽然也有一定的初始厚度,但是在压制过程中其厚度会发生一些变化。
通常多层板最外面的两个介质层都是浸润层,在这两层的外面使用单独的铜箔层作为外层铜箔。
外层铜箔和内层铜箔的原始厚度规格,一般有0.5OZ、1OZ、2OZ(1OZ约为35um或1.4mil)三种,但经过一系列表面处理后,外层铜箔的最终厚度一般会增加将近1OZ左右。
内层铜箔即为芯板两面的包铜,其最终厚度与原始厚度相差很小,但由于蚀刻的原因,一般会减少几个um。
多层板的最外层是阻焊层,就是我们常说的“绿油”,当然它也可以是黄色或者其它颜色。
阻焊层的厚度一般不太容易准确确定,在表面无铜箔的区域比有铜箔的区域要稍厚一些,但因为缺少了铜箔的厚度,所以铜箔还是显得更突出,当我们用手指触摸印制板表面时就能感觉到。
当制作某一特定厚度的印制板时,一方面要求合理地选择各种材料的参数,另一方面,半固化片最终成型厚度也会比初始厚度小一些。
下面是一个典型的6层板叠层结构(iMX255coreboard):PCB的参数:不同的印制板厂,PCB的参数会有细微的差异,需要与电路板厂的工程师沟通,得到该厂的一些参数数据,主要是介电常数和阻焊层厚度两个参数各个板厂会有差别。
表层铜箔:可以使用的表层铜箔材料厚度有三种:12um、18um和35um。
加工完成后的最终厚度大约是44um、50um和67um,大致相当于铜厚1 OZ、1.5 OZ、2 OZ。