直接引语和间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如： 1) He said, “I am glad to see you.”→He said that he was glad to see me. 2) “Do you know the man over there?” Mary said to Tom.
→Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.
3) Jim said to me, “Jane left her schoolbag at home.”
→Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时过去将来时
一般将来进行时过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语间接引语
指示代词this/these that/those
时间状语now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month…)that week (month…)
Yesterday the day before
last week (month…)the week (month…)before
two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before
tomorrow the next day
next week (month…)the next week (month…)
地点状语here there
动词come---go Bring---take
He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)
She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（come→go；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如： She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”
→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
