红金石型钛白粉安全技术说明书完整版

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact SheetCommon Name: TITANIUM DIOXIDESynonyms: Rutile; Anatase; Brookite Chemical Name: Titanium OxideDate: July 2011 Revision: May 2016 CAS Number:Anatase Titanium DioxideRutile Titanium Dioxide13463-67-71317-70-0 (powder form)1317-80-2 (powder form) RTK Substance Number: 1861DOT Number: NoneDescription and UseTitanium Dioxide is an odorless, white powder. It is used in paints, cosmetics, plastics, paper and food.Reasons for Citation④Titanium Dioxide is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH and IARC.④This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List.S EE G LOSSARY ON PAGE 5.FIRST AIDEye Contact④Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while rinsing.Skin Contact④Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap and water.Inhalation④Remove the person from exposure.④Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.④Transfer promptly to a medical facility.EMERGENCY NUMBERSPoison Control: 1-800-222-1222CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGEHazard SummaryHazard Rating NJDOH NFPA HEALTH 2 - FLAMMABILITY0 - REACTIVITY0 - CARCINOGENPOISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.DOES NOT BURNHazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;4=severe④Titanium Dioxide can affect you when inhaled.④Titanium Dioxide should be handled as a CARCINOGEN--WITH EXTREME CAUTION.④Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat.④Titanium Dioxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, phlegm,and/or shortness of breath.Workplace Exposure Limits OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is15 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift.NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is2.4 mg/m3 for fine Titanium Dioxide, and 0.3 mg/m3for ultrafine Titanium Dioxide, averaged over a 10-hour workshift.ACGIH: The threshold limit value (TLV) is 10 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift.④Titanium Dioxide may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.Determining Your Exposure④Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) and the label to determine productingredients and important safety and health informationabout the product mixture.④For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the NewJersey Department of Health Hazardous Substance FactSheet, available on the RTK website(/health/eoh/rtkweb) or in your facility’s RTKCentral File or Hazard Communication Standard file.④You have a right to this information under the New JerseyWorker and Community Right to Know Act and the Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under thefederal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you are a private worker.④The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires mostemployers to label chemicals in the workplace andrequires public employers to provide their employees with information concerning chemical hazards and controls.The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29CFR 1910.1200) and the PEOSH Hazard Communication Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) require employers to provide similar information and training to their employees.This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below.Health Hazard InformationAcute Health EffectsThe following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Titanium Dioxide:④Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat.Chronic Health EffectsThe following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Titanium Dioxide and can last for months or years:Cancer Hazard④Titanium Dioxide may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been shown to cause lung cancer in animals.④Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure toa carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans.Reproductive Hazard④According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Titanium Dioxide has not been tested for its ability to affect reproduction.Other Effects④Titanium Dioxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, phlegm,and/or shortness of breath.MedicalMedical TestingFor frequent or potentially high exposure (half the REL or greater), the following are recommended before beginning work and at regular times after that:④Lung function testsAny evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.You have a legal right to request copies of your medical testing under the OSHA Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).Mixed Exposures④Smoking can cause heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health problems.Workplace Controls and Practices Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control Banding at /niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/.The following work practices are also recommended:④Label process containers.④Provide employees with hazard information and training.④Monitor airborne chemical concentrations.④Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed recommended exposure levels.④Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers.④Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous material.④Always wash at the end of the workshift.④Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes contaminated.④Do not take contaminated clothing home.④Get special training to wash contaminated clothing.④Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are being handled, processed or stored.④Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, applying cosmetics or using the toilet.In addition, the following may be useful or required:④Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean-up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP.④Use a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter when vacuuming. Do not use a standard shop vacuum.Personal Protective EquipmentThe OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train employees on how and when to use protective equipment. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation.Gloves and Clothing④Avoid skin contact with Titanium Dioxide. Wear personal protective equipment made from material that can not be permeated or degraded by this substance. Safety equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing material for your operation.④The recommended glove materials for Titanium Dioxide are Nitrile, Neoprene and Natural Rubber.④The recommended protective clothing material for Titanium Dioxide is Tyvek®, or the equivalent.④All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection④Wear direct vent goggles when airborne particles or dust are present.Respiratory ProtectionImproper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators should only be used if the employer has implemented a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134).④Where the potential exists for exposure over 2.4 mg/m3 for fine Titanium Dioxide, or 0.3 mg/m3 for ultrafine Titanium Dioxide, use a NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus or an emergency escape air cylinder.Fire HazardsIf employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard (29 CFR 1910.156).④Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Titanium Dioxide itself does not burn.④POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.Spills and EmergenciesIf employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. The OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR 1910.120) may apply.If Titanium Dioxide is spilled, take the following steps:④Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the area.④Eliminate all ignition sources.④Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filter vacuum for clean-up and place into sealed containers for disposal.④It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Titanium Dioxide as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations.For more information, please contact: New Jersey Department of Health Right to Know PO Box 368Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 Phone: 609-984-2202 Fax: 609-984-7407E-mail:*************Web address: /health/eoh/rtkweb The Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets are not intended to be copied and soldfor commercial purposes . Handling and StoragePrior to working with Titanium Dioxide you should be trained on its proper handling and storage.④ Titanium Dioxide powders or dusts may react violently with CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such as POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC).④ Titanium Dioxide powders or dusts are not compatible with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES,NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) and STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC).④ Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.Occupational Health InformationResourcesThe New Jersey Department of Health offers multiple services in occupational health. These services include providing informational resources, educational materials, public presentations, and industrial hygiene and medical investigations and evaluations.GLOSSARYACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals.Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals.Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can change its physical state from a liquid to a gas.A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer.The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, to a specific chemical.CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the regulations of the United States government.A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn.A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers. The critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency that regulates the transportation of chemicals.EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. ERG is the Emergency Response Guidebook. It is a guide for emergency responders for transportation emergencies involving hazardous substances.Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values provide estimates of concentration ranges where one reasonably might anticipate observing adverse effects.A fetus is an unborn human or animal.A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly.The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a scientific group.Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is measured in electron volts.IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database on human health effects that may result from exposure to various chemicals, maintained by federal EPA. LEL or Lower Explosive Limit, is the lowest concentration of a combustible substance (gas or vapor) in the air capable of continuing an explosion.mg/m3means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume).A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations can lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies substances according to their fire and explosion hazard.NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves respirators, conducts studies of workplace hazards, and proposes standards to OSHA.NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests chemicals and reviews evidence for cancer.OSHA is the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety standards.PEOSHA is the New Jersey Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health Act, which adopts and enforces health and safety standards in public workplaces.Permeated is the movement of chemicals through protective materials.ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a measure of concentration by volume in air.Protective Action Criteria (PAC) are values established by the Department of Energy and are based on AEGLs and ERPGs. They are used for emergency planning of chemical release events.A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases energy under certain conditions.STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15-minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a work day.A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by damaging the fetus.UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a reaction or explosion.Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of one gas to the weight of another (usually Air), at the same temperature and pressure.The vapor pressure is a force exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the same substance. The higher the vapor pressure the higher concentration of the substance in air.Common Name: TITANIUM DIOXIDESynonyms: Rutile; Titanium Oxide; Anatase; BrookiteCAS No: 13463-67-7; 1317-70-0 (powder form); 1317-80-2 (powder form) Molecular Formula: TiO 2RTK Substance No: 1861Description: Odorless, white powderHAZARD DATA Hazard Rating Firefighting Reactivity2 - Health0 - Fire0 - ReactivityDOT#: NoneERG Guide #: None Hazard Class: None Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type ofsurrounding fire. Titanium Dioxide itself doesnot burn.POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.Titanium Dioxide powders or dusts may react violentlywith CHEMICALLY ACTIVE METALS (such asPOTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM and ZINC).Titanium Dioxide powders or dusts are not compatiblewith OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES,PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES,NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) andSTRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC,SULFURIC and NITRIC).SPILL/LEAKS PHYSICAL PROPERTIESIsolation Distance:Spill: 25 meters (75 feet)Fire: 800 meters (1/2 mile)Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filtervacuum for clean-up and place into sealed containers for disposal. Odor Threshold:Flash Point:Vapor Pressure:Specific Gravity:Water Solubility:Boiling Point:Melting Point:Molecular Weight:OdorlessNoncombustible0 mm Hg at 68o F (20o C)3.9 to4.2 (water = 1)Insoluble4,532o to 5,432o F (2,500o to 3,000o C)3,326o to 3,362o F (1,830o to 1,850o C)79.9EXPOSURE LIMITS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTOSHA: 15 mg/m3, 8-hr TWANIOSH: 2.4 mg/m3 (fine) and 0.3 mg/m3 (ultrafine), 10-hr TWAACGIH: 10 mg/m3, 8-hr TWAIDLH: 5,000mg/m3The Protective Action Criteria values are:PAC-1 = 30 mg/m3 PAC-2 = 330 mg/m3PAC-3 = 2,000 mg/m3Gloves:Coveralls:Respirator:Nitrile, Neoprene and Natural RubberTyvek®Spill - Full facepiece APR with P100 filters>0.3 mg/m3 (ultrafine) or Fire – SCBA>2.4 mg/m3 (fine) or Fire - SCBA>10 mg/m3 or Fire - SCBAHEALTH EFFECTS FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATIONEyes: Skin: Inhalation: Chronic: IrritationNo information availableNose and throat irritationCancer (lung) in animalsRemove the person from exposure.Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Removecontact lenses if worn.Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap andwater.Begin artificial respiration if breathing has stopped and CPR if necessary.Transfer promptly to a medical facility.May 2016 Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet。

广州市越秀区东风东路东山紫园商务大厦19楼
F19, Dongshan Ziyuan Commercial Center, East Dongfeng Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
Tel: 4009-300-360 Wechat:买化塑
济南裕兴化工有限公司
裕兴R-818钛白粉化学品安全技术说明书（MSDS ）
产品介绍：
R818是经无机硅铝包膜，有机表面处理的金红石型钛白颜料，具有良好的光泽度和遮盖力，耐候性高，分散性好等特点。

适用范围：
塑钢型材、卷钢漆、粉末涂料、橡胶、色母粒等。

包装：
25kg 纸塑复合袋、500kg 和1000kg 大包装袋。

技术指标：
项目
指标 TiO 2的质量分数 % ≥ 94 105℃挥发物的质量分数 % ≤ 0.8 水溶物的质量分数 % ≤ 0.5 筛余物 （45μm ）的质量分数 % ≤
0.050 颜色（与标准样比）
不低于 消色力 （与标准样比） % ≥
112 水悬浮液pH 值
6.5-8.5 吸油量 g/100g ≤ 22 水萃取液电阻率 Ωm ≥ 50 经（23±2）℃及相对湿度（50±5）%预处
理24h 后105℃挥发物的质量分
数 % ≤
1
金红石型转化率 % ≥
98.5 平均颗粒直径 μm
0.20-0.26
有机物
有。

钛白粉MSDS第一部分化学品及企业标识化学品中文名称：二氧化钛化学品英文名称：titanium(IV)o xide中文名称2：钛白粉英文名称2：titanium dioxide第二部分：成分/组成信息二氧化钛含量≥90％CAS No. 13463-67-7第三部分：危险性概述健康危害：长期吸入氧化钛粉尘的工人，肺部无任何变化，亦未发生接触性皮炎、过敏反应。

燃爆危险：本品不燃。

第四部分：急救措施皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用流动清水冲洗。

眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。

就医。

吸入：脱离现场至空气新鲜处。

食入：饮足量温水，催吐。

就医。

第五部分：消防措施危险特性：未有特殊的燃烧爆炸特性。

有害燃烧产物：自然分解产物未知。

灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。

第六部分：应急处理泄漏应急处理:隔离泄漏污染区，限制出入。

建议应急处理人员戴防尘面具（全面罩），穿一般作业工作服。

避免扬尘，小心扫起，置于袋中转移至安全场所。

若大量泄漏，用塑料布、帆布覆盖。

收集回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

第七部分：操作处置与储存操作注意事项：密闭操作，局部排风。

操作人员必须经过专门培训，严格遵守操作规程。

建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩，戴化学安全防护眼镜，戴一般作业防护手套。

避免产生粉尘。

避免与酸类接触。

搬运时轻装轻卸，防止包装破损。

配备泄漏应急处理设备。

倒空的容器可能残留有害物。

储存注意事项：储存于阴凉、通风的库房。

远离火种、热源。

应与酸类分开存放，切忌混储。

储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。

第八部分：接触控制/个体防护职业接触限值中国MAC(mg/m3)：10前苏联MAC(mg/m3)：10TLVTN：ACGIH 10mg/m3TLVWN：未制定标准工程控制：密闭操作，局部排风。

呼吸系统防护：空气中粉尘浓度较高时，建议佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。

眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。

身体防护：穿一般作业防护服。

手防护：戴一般作业防护手套。

在很多的行业中，金红石型钛白粉是经常被用到的一种白色颜料，而且中国也是使用钛白粉较早的国家。

早在上世纪五十年代，钛白粉就已经开始发展起来，并且从涂料、塑料以及造纸行业逐步应用起来，而到后来这三大行业也成为了金红石型钛白粉应用前三大用户。

可是很多人并不会使用此产品，而金红石型钛白粉有一些需要注意的使用规范，我们一起来了解一下吧。

（金红石型钛白粉-图例）【金红石型钛白粉使用注意事项】现在的工业生产之中化学药品的使用现象变得越来越普遍，就像钛白粉这样的化工产品一样用处非常大，但是很多人却忽略了它对人体的危害性，比如优点人经常会有眼睛流泪、疼痛或视觉模糊的现象，有些体质敏感的人还会引起皮肤干燥或是短时间内的咳嗽等等。

但是很多人即使被伤害了还浑然不觉呢，今天我们就帮助大家来了解一下金红石型钛白粉的急救措施：一是皮肤接触，由于钛白粉对皮肤的伤害不是很大，所以只要在使用后清洗一下皮肤就会没事的；二是眼睛接触，这就需要立即用足量的水进行清洗，直到没有任何的不是感觉为止；三就是比较严重的误食了，虽然食入少量的钛白粉对人体并没有太大的伤害，但是如果有不适症状一定要抓紧时间就医。

最后希望所有的人都可以安全的使用太白粉。

【金红石型钛白粉如何使用】对于任何一种材料来说，特殊的物理性质是肯定会有的，那么在使用的时候就需要注意到这些问题，毕竟谁也不能保证在之后的使用过程中会不会使用到这些性能。

就拿金红石型钛白粉来说，其本身就具有很特殊的物理性质，那么在进行使用的时候就需要注意到这些问题。

也只有这样才能保证在今后的使用过程中，不会因为不了解金红石型钛白粉的性质而出现了偏差。

1.熔点和沸点比较高：相对来说金红石型钛白粉可以在高温下进行使用，这也说明了金红石型钛白粉的熔沸点非常高，基本上熔点可以达到1800度，而沸点只会更高。

在一定的条件下，进行工作完全没有问题。

实际上在使用金红石型钛白粉的时候最好的办法就是根据其熔沸点进行使用，在确保金红石型钛白粉在挥发之前操作才能保障其性能完全发挥出来。

杜邦钛白粉完全手册一、简介为什么钛白粉要分这么多规格?钛白粉颜料不溶于其所分散的涂料基料中，因此其功能特性如：化学、光学和物理特性主要决定于颜料的粒子大小及其表面的化学成份，而这些特性又是可以改变的，一般常以二氧化二铝和二氧化硅作处理剂，沉淀在粒子表面而形成包膜、并对其沉淀的形式、数量和方法都要精心的加以控制。

表面有沉淀层的颜料，具有增进一种或多种重要的操作特性的功能，例如在水和许多有机液体内的分散作用，耐粉化性，遮盖力效率，因热或光还原所引起的褪色性等都会有所改善。

遗憾的是，一种简单的表面处理配方，不能生产出对各种油漆都具有最大使用价值的颜料，因而生产上要分许多规格。

如果认为油漆中的二氧化钛颜料，其性能之超卓是由于二氧化钛含量高所致，那是不恰当的，例如二氧化钛含量最少为80—88％的T i—P u r e®在高颜／填料含量的平光乳胶漆中的遮盖效率显然超过二氧化钛含量更高的品级。

二、光学理论1、折射和绕射图1 由离子引起的光线折射二氧化钛和其他的白色颜料的遮盖效率主要是利用光的反射。

因为白色颜料可强烈地使光线反射或曲折，出现反射现象。

如果油漆薄膜中有足够的白色颜料，则入射漆膜表面的光几乎可以完全的反射回来，(除了很少部分是由颜料所吸收之外)于是涂膜就会呈不透明状，洁白而光泽。

光线通过和绕过颜料粒子时，粒子对光线的折射和绕射造成光线的散射或弯曲。

图1a 反射散射图 l显示折射现象，其中球形表示二氧化钛粒子，由于漆膜中颜料粒子及基料折射率之不同、故当光线穿越后、必然产生曲折现象。

图2显示绕射现象。

行进路线靠近二氧化钛粒子的光线受到弯曲、而分开散射到许多方向。

这一现象说明颜料在其临近区域对光的散射能力数倍于其粒子横截面内。

图2 小粒子周围的光线衍射（绕射）2、折射率图3表示两个含颜料漆膜的横切面，演示了折射率的差别怎样影响光的散射和盖遮力。

在含有高折射率颜料的漆膜中(上图)光线比在含有低折射率颜料的漆膜中弯曲较多(下图)，所以射入漆膜之光线所经过的路径长度较短，因而不能深入。