大学体验英语听说教程第一单元听力原文.docx

Unit 1-Conversation 1**（1）Janet:So this is the Cherwell Boathouse —it's lovely! And look at those people punting! It looks quite easy.Mark:I'm not so sure about that! Janet, there's something Kate and I wanted to discuss with you. Some people in college are organizing charity events this term. We've decided to get involved. Janet:Raising money for charity? Right. In China, people raise money for charity but students don't usually do that.Mark:Students often do that here. Anyway, we're thinking of doing sponsored punting.Janet:Sponsored punting! What's that?Kate:Sponsoring is when people pay you to do something —like run a long distance. So people would be sponsoring students to punt.Janet: What a great idea! I'd love to join you! Mark:That's why we're telling you about it. So that's decided then. Let's make a list of things we need to do.Kate: I'll do that. One of the first things we should do is choose the charity.Mark: Yes. And choose a day for the event. And we need to design the sponsorship form. I've got one here.Kate:That looks fine, but we must change the wording. Who wants to do that?Mark: I'll do that. What have we got so far? Kate: Choose a charity. Also a day for the event. Change the wording on the sponsorship form... Um ... We have to decide where the punt will start from.Mark: Cherwell Boathouse, no question! It's a very beautiful route from here, apparently.Kate: I'm with you on that.Janet: Me tooJanet: I'm not used to boats — Woah!Mark: Whoops!Kate: Watch out! You nearly hit me with that thing! Mark: Sorry! I didn't mean to. ... OK, we're off! Kate: Maybe I should do the punting.Mark:It's 've got the hang of it now —give me a chance.Kate: Well, I'd like to have a go.Mark: Supposing I do the first hour. Then you can take over for a while, if you want to.Kate: Yes, great.Janet: You're really good at it, Mark! This is fantastic! It's exactly how I imagined life here! Look over there —isn't it lovely!Kate: Yes, it is.Unit 1-Conversation 2Janet: Kate, everything's organized, isn't it, for collecting the sponsorship money?Kate: Yes, I've arranged for people to get the money to me by next Friday — if they haven't paidonline. I'll count it all up.Janet: Good. We'd better have a meeting soon after that, don't you think? How much have we raised?Kate: About 600.Janet: Fantastic! I'm so enjoying this!Mark: Hey guys, I've got a suggestion —how about moving over to the bank and we can have our picnic! Hey, look, there's Louise and Sophie! Mark: Whoo ...Girls: Mark!Janet: Are you all right?Mark: Er .Of course I'm all right. Kate, I think it's your turn to punt!Unit 1-Outside ViewVoice-over Harvard University in Cambridge is one of the best universities in the world. We spoke to Alex Jude, the university's Head of Communications. He explained that Harvard looks for the best and most talented students from around the world. Alex Harvard actually seeks students from around theworld, the best students that we can find, to study chemistry,or study literature, or study government, or business.Ourbusiness school is particularly well-known around the world, as is the medical school and law school, so, um, and, and theKennedy School of Government, or the John F KennedySchool of Government, so, er, we do seek very, very talentedstudents and we have open doors for them.Voice-over We asked five students at Harvard to tell uswhat kind of social life they have.Ashley Um, well relaxing is a little hard to do around here, but basically, I mean, I still, I, I live nearby anyway, so I see a lot of my friends, and ... Um, there's a good social life here if you look for it. I go to the gym, run. So that's what I do.Adam It's, it's whatever you want it to be. It's good. Ifyou wanna go out party, do anything you can. If you wannasit in your room and study all night like my friend over here,you can also do that.Brian Socially, like you said, it's, it's a lot of what youmake it. Um, we don't have fraternities here, and so, youknow, that's, it's obviously not as social. There's not as manyparties as there would be on another campus. Um,but on aFriday or Saturday night, there, there, there will be a party.Usually we end up studying until about 10 o'clock.And thenwe, and then we'll go out and have fun maybe, or just watch amovie with friends, or, you know, whatever is going on forthe night.Jodie Not everyone would agree with me, obviously, but it's, I think it's a fun place to be. Interviewer Have you made a lot of friends?Jodie Oh, definitely.Interviewer Mm.Jodie Many.Interviewer What, what do you do with your friends?Jodie Um, well, I like to go to concerts. I'm in threemusic groups, so I have lots of rehearsals during the week forthat. Um, just do, you know, some fun things, on the weekend.Voice-over We asked the Harvard students if they use theInternet.Ashley Um, I, I use it a fairly good amount. Um, our library system is online, so I use that a lot. And a lot of myclasses, you know, have to do research papers. You can find alot of information on there, so.Interviewer So how often do you use it, a week, a day?Ashley Um, I use it probably on more of a weekly basis. Maybe three or four times a week. Brian Oh yes, definitely. We live through the Internetactually. Well, I do a lot of research through the Internet,follow my stocks on the Internet. Um, well, even thoughe-mail is not officially Internet, we, that's how we communicate a lot at college, so, through the e-mail.John Um, I use the internet mostly for, er, I'd say,sort of leisure purposes. I mean, I play, um, I use it for a lotof, I don't, we don't have TV in my room, so I use it, uh, uh,go to the CNN website, keep up on current events, things likethat. Uh, I also, uh, you know, there's some little games toplay over the Internet. Um, just um, I go to to seewhat's happening, follow the Boston Red Sox, things likethat. Um, I think a lot of courses use it to post things, but I, Idon't usually use it that much for research, or things.I tend touse the libraries for such things, so.Unit 1-Listening inNews reportStanford University has recently changed its financial aid policy for students to make the university more affordable and accessible. Students who don’t have financial aid pay about $46,000 a year just for tuition. It’s not unusual for students to be forced to decline an offer because they can’t afford to go to their dream school. The new policy means that for students whose families earn less than $125,000, tuition is fully covered by scholarship and grant aid. Those with a family income below $65,000 are not expected to pay for either tuition, or room and board. This is great news for talented students who are concerned about fees.However, Stanford is not the only top university in the United States that makes tuition affordable for students. Ivy League schools, such as Harvard, Princeton and Yale, also offer free tuition plans to students from low-income and middle-class families.Stanford and Ivy League schools can offer generous financial aid packages because they are very wealthy. They receive large annual donations that can be used for specific purposes, such as financial aid.1 What has Stanford University done recently?2 How much is the tuition a year at Stanford if students don’t receive financial aid?3 Why is Stanford University so wealthy? Passage 1Voice-over Hi, I'm Nick Carter, and this is SUR, your university radio station. This morning we went around campus to ask freshers -now half-way through their first year -the question, "How are you finding uni?" Here are some of the answers we got. Speaker 1It's cool. It's everything I hoped it would be. I'mvery ambitious, I want to be a journalist and I want to get to the top of the profession. I've started writing for the university newspaper so I've got my foot on the ladder already.Speaker 2I'm working hard and the teaching is as good as I expected. And I've made some good friends. But I'm very homesick. I'm Nigerian and my family's so far away. I went home at Christmas for a month -that really helped, butman, I miss my family so much.Speaker 3"How am I finding uni?" It's great. It's not perfect, nothing is, but, like, I've got a brilliant social life, just brilliant, and I've made lots of friends. For the first few months I just didn't do, really enough work. But I -1 talked about it with my parents and I'm working harder now and getting good grades.Speaker 4Actually, I've been quite lonely to be honest. I'm a bit shy ... everyone else seemed to find it so easy to make friends straight away. But things have been better recently - yeah, they have. I've joined a couple of clubs and like, it really helps to get to know people when you have shared interests. So, yeah - I'm feeling a lot happier now.Speaker5 Uni's great, I love it. My only problem -and it'squite a big problem - is money. My parents are both unemployed so, you know, they can't help me financially. Mygrant just isn't - it's just not enough for me to live on, so I'vetaken a part-time job as a waitress — a lot of peopleI know,like a lot, have had to do the same. I don't want to have hugedebts at the end.Speaker 6I love my subject. History, and I'm, I'm getting fantastic teaching here. I want to be a university lecturer andthat means I have to get a first. I have a good social life butwork definitely comes first for me.Passage 2Oxford and Cambridge - two universities so similar that they are often spoken of together as "Oxbridge". They're both in the UK, fairly near London, and both regularly come top in any ranking of the world's best universities.The two universities began within a century of each other. Oxford University, now 900 years old, was founded towards the end of the 11th century. In 1209 there was a dispute between the university and the townspeople of Oxford. As a result, some of the Oxford teachers left and founded a university in the town of Cambridge, some 84 miles away. Ever since then, the two institutions have been very competitive.Unlike most modem universities, both Oxford and Cambridge consist of a large number of colleges. Oxford has 39 and Cambridge 31. Many of these colleges have old and very beautiful architecture, and large numbers of tourists visit them.In all UK universities, you need good grades inthe national exams taken at 18. But to get into Oxford and Cambridge, it's not enough to get A grades in your exams. You also have to go for a long interview. In these interviews, students need to show that they are creative and capable of original thinking.Through the centuries, both universities have made huge contributions to British cultural life. They have produced great writers, world leaders and politicians. Cambridge, in particular, has produced scientists whose discoveries and inventions have changed our lives.Among the great university institutions is the world's most famous debating society, the Oxford Union, where undergraduates get a chance to practise speaking in public. Cambridge's comedy club Footlights has produced many first-class comedians, while some of the UK's most famous actors and actresses began their careers at The Oxford University Dramatic Society, known as OUDS. Then there's the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, which takes place every year in March or April, and is watched on television all over the UK.So with all this excellence in so many fields, it's not surprising that the ambition of clever students all over the world is to attend either one of these great universities.。

丁伟电气1021：McDonald’s Business Model: The Three-legged StoolScriptMcDonald’s Corporation (MCD) is one of the leading fast-food restaurant chains in the world, touching the lives of people every day. As the world’s largest chain of restaurants, it primarily sells hamburgers, chicken, french fries, milkshakes, soft drinks, etc.The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. Initially, they just owned a hotdog stand. But after establishing the restaurant they served around 25 items, which were mostly barbecued. It became a popular and profitable teen hangout. Their introduction of the “Speed Service System” in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955.In effect, Kroc opened his first and the overall ninth restaurant in Chicago, Illinois, and gave birth to McDonald’s Corporation. In 1958, the restaurant chain sold its 100 millionth hamburger. In 1960, Kroc renamed his company as “McDonald’s Corporation”. In 1961, Kroc convinced the McDonald brothers to sell the business rights to him in the company. Thus he purchased the brothers’ equity for a s um of $2.7million and led to its worldwide expansion.As McDonald’s expands successfully into many international markets, the company became a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life. Its prominence also made it a frequent subject of public debates about obesity, corporate ethics and consumer responsibility.2:ScriptSince setting up the first McDonald’s in China, the Western restaurant chain has been expanding steadily and successfully. So far, other than the home market – the United States – China is the No. 1 growth market for McDonald’s, with over 1000 restaurants and over 60,000 employees. China also represents one third of all capital expenditures in the Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa region, where the fast-food giant is in 37 markets. According to Skinner, vice-chairman and CEO of this world’s largest fast-food company, “We’ve been steadily growing with China for the past 20 years and are very excited for what the future holds,” he says.In 1990, McDonald’s chose Shenz hen, a pioneer Special Economic Zone in Guangdong province bordering Hong Kong, to open its first 500-seat store in the developing market. McDonald’s quickly won over the local consumers, due to its many attractions like its Ronald McDonald clown, Golden A rches or the yellow “M” logo, Big Mac, the smiling attendantsand the quick service. The success of the Shenzhen outlet prompted McDonald’s to expand its chain nationwide. And McDonald’s has not stopped from aggressively increasing the number of its outlets in China. The mainland’s fast-food market is growing at a rate of 16 percent per year.“We are going to continue our growth at a faster rate in China. China is a huge market with great opportunities for businesses around the world, and it's no different for McDonald’s,” Skinner adds.。

Experiencing English Listening ＆SpeakingLevel 04 Unit 1 Introductions“You’ll really like him.”Alice: Look, there he is.Jean: Who?Alice: Robert, the guy I’ve been telling you about.Jean: Oh. The guy you’re going out with?Alice: I wish. The guy I WANT to go out with.Jean: Oh, he’s really handsome. Um, let’s go talk to him.Alice: Oh, OK. I’ll introduce you. I think you’ll really like him. Hi, Robert.Robert: Oh, hi.Alice: Have you met my friend, Jean?Robert: Hey, Jean. I think we’ve met before.Jean: We have? Where?Robert: Last December, at Sam’s party.Jean: Oh, Sam.Robert: Oh? Aren’t you going out with him anymore?Jean: No, we broke up a couple of mouths ago.Robert: Oh—Oh, really?Unit 2 Personality “What do you like about him?”Sheri: Hey, I went out with the neatest guy over the weekend! Jeremy: Yeah, what’s he like? Tall? Handsome?Sheri: Not really.Jeremy: Dress nice? Drive a nice car?Sheri: Not especially.Jeremy: Then he must be buff. Does he work out a lot?Sheri: No—But he has a nice smile—Dimples. I like dimples. He’s kind of cute.Jeremy: And that’s what you like about him?Sheri: No, it’s more than that. He’s sensitive.Jeremy: Sensitive? How can you tell?Sheri: Well, we went to this really romantic movie, and there was this really sad part, and, and he—Cried.Jeremy: He cried?Sheri: Yeah, he just cried and he didn’t try to hide it or anything. It was so sweet.Jeremy: Oh—You like that, huh? Well, I cry at movies, too!Unit 3 Home “The view is great.”Sean: This is Sean McCain, live with Julie Morris, from Gemini One, the internatonal space station. Julie, can you hear me?Julie: Yes, I can hear you.Sean: Julie, can you tell us, what is it like living on the Gemini One? Julie: The Gemini One is wonderful. It’s not so different from living on Earth, really. We have jobs, friends, entertainment, natural beauty. And we have all the modern conveniences that you have on Earth.Sean: What modern conveniences?Julie: Well, we have movie theaters, game centers, music clubs, shops, restaurants—Sean: How about food? How do you get your food?Julie: I go shopping, just like everyone on Earth. You can get any type of food here.Sean: Is food expensive?Julie: Some of it is. The stuff that’s imported from Earth is very expensive. Like a banana from Earth can cost $100. But most food is really cheap.Sean: Do you miss getting away to the countryside or the mountains? Don’t you miss nature?Julie: Well, we have lots of nature up here. I can go hiking and mountain biking, riding in the hills, take a swim in a beautiful lake. It’s really beautiful up here.Sean: How do people get around up there?Julie: Oh, just like we do down there. We have electric cars and trains, but not airplanes.Sean: What do you like most about living in the space station?Julie: Well, the air is clean. There’s no pollution, and it’s easy to get around. It’s really an ideal world.Sean: And what do you like least?Julie: Well, it’s kind of expensive to fly home to Earth to see my parents for the holidays.Unit 4 Technology “How does it work?”Cindy: What the heck is that?Dave: It’s a Thai magazine.Cindy: Thai? You can read Thai?Dave: Well, a little.Cindy: How?Dave: I went to Thailand last summer and I lived with a Thai friend and his family. I had such a great experience I want to go back. Cindy: Why? What was your experience like?Dave: Well, I started to learn some Thai— And practiced talking with people and ordering in restaurants and everybody was so nice— You know, Thailand is called the Land of the Smiles— They even smiled when I made a mistake speaking the language. The people were beautiful. Everything was beautiful. It changed my life.Cindy: But I’ve always heard that Thai was impossible to learn. Dave: Maybe for some people but not for me. I mean it is totally different from English. The writing system is different, they use different tones, everything is different, but I really want to learn it. I want to understand more when I go back.Cindy: I wish I felt that way about learning French. Maybe I should study another language.Dave: No, Cindy, it’s not the language. You’ve just got to get into it.Unit 5 Nationalities “All around the world”Steve: I can’t believe these people. I can’t believe what they do. Trish: Calm down, Steve. What are you talking about? What is it this time? Steve: Look at this. I just bought a donut. I’m so sick of the clerk wrapping each pastry individually, then taping the bags shut, then putting those bags in another bag, folding it down, and then taping that bag shut. I can’t take it anymore. It’s crazy and it’s bad for the environment.Trish: How long have you been living here? Don’t you know that’s the way it is?Steve: I just want them to stick ‘em in a napkin for me, so I can eat while I’m walking to class.Trish: There you go again. Don’t you know it’s rude to eat while you walk?Steve: I’m so tired of this place. I don’t have time to sit down and eat. People here are too inflexible, and they have too many rules. Trish: Yeah, right, Steve, so you’re gonna convert everybody here to your way of doing things?Steve: Yeah, there has to be more individual freedom to do whatever you want.Trish: Why don’t you just relax and go with the flow?Steve: Go with the flow? The whole system is a waste of my time. The clerks here should learn how to be more efficient, like in the .Trish: What are you talking about? When I was in the ., the clerks were really rude. They just ignore you, and seem offended if you want anything. Don’t you think it’s better this way?Steve: Are you kidding?Trish: Well, I kind of like it. It’s nice to relax and enjoy the moment while your packages are being wrapped. I like all of the traditions, and the care and attention that people give you, and the manners.To me, it’s a wonderful place to live.Steve: I think you’re nuts.Trish: You’re not gonna last long, mate.Unit 6 Identity “What’s your number?”Int: So, Ms. Spencer, why did you apply for this job at CNN?Amy: Well, I’ve always wanted to be a journalist, and I like traveling.And, you can interview lots of important people.Int: Tell me about your experience in journalism.Amy: Um— Well, I make a newsletter for my family. And I worked on my high school newspaper. And I read a lot of newspapers and newsmagazines —Int: Do you think you’re qualified for the prestige of this job? Amy: Absolutely. I’ve taken acting lessons. And I look good on camera.And I travel a lot so I think I’d be good as a foreign correspondent. Int: What about teamwork? Have you ever worked as part of a team? Amy: Of course, I was really great at sports in high school, and—Int: You don’t seem to have much experience as a writer.Amy: Well, that’s not exactly true. I write a lot of e-mail to my friends. Int: And you haven’t taken any journalism courses, have you?Amy: Well, I took a class in modern film, and one in communications, or something like that.Int: Well, thanks, Ms. Spencer. We’ll be in touch.Unit 7 Family “I really take after my dad.”Nate: Are these your parents?Jane: Yeah, that’s my whole family.Nate: Oh. You look a lot like your mom— Especially your eyes, very deep, beautiful eyes.Jane: Oh, thank you—Nate: And the same figure— Same shape.Jane: Uhh, hey, I don’t want to hear that. I may look like my mom, butI really take after my dad.Nate: Really, in what way?Jane: We’ve both very adventurous. My dad was, like, into motorcycles when he was younger—And he was in one of those, you know, motorcycle clubs.Nate: You mean, like a motorcycle gang?Jane: Yeah— But that was before he was married. I’ve been riding a motorcycle myself since I was 17.Nate: You? No way!Jane: Yeah, I’ve always done stuff like that.Nate: Really, like what else?Jane: Well, surfing, snowboarding— My dad and I even went skydiving once.We didn’t tell my mom, though. She would have killed us!Unit 8 Directions “Are you lost?”Woman: Moshi — moshi. Gengo sentea —Father: Hello — Hello — Veronica — veron — Ve-ro-ni-ca Smith — Is Veronica Smith there, please?Woman: Ah, Ah — Veronica — sensei — Veronica — sensei? Ah, wait a moment, please ——Father: ［muttering to himself］ Wait a moment? What’s wrong? Veronica: Hello.Father: Hello, Veronica. Is that you?Veronica: Yes, Dad. It’s me.Father: Where is this place? Somebody was speaking Japanese to me. I mean, did I call the right number?Veronica: Dad, you called the school number. And you’re luky I’m here now. Dad, I told you. Don’t call the school number. Remember? Father: Yes, but you didn’t give me your home phone number. Why didn’t you call me?Veronica: I just got here a few days ago — Okay, let me give it to you.Are you ready?Father: Uh, ready. Ready. Okay.Veronica: Okay. It’s 798-55-4123.Father: 798-55-4123.Veronica: Oh, oh, wait. Dial the country code. And that’s 81 — and then — and then the number.Father: Why is the number so long?Veronica: Because it is, Dad.Father: Do you have a place yet?Veronica: Yeah. Let me give you the address. Are you ready?Father: Um — yeah. Okay. What is it?Veronica: It’s one dash one dash one fifty-five — Uegahara B356. Father: Uh, w-wh-wait. Wait. One — one what? Why is it so long? Veronica: Dad, I’ve got to go I’ll send it to you by e-mail. Bye.［Kiss sound］Father: But, what’s your e-mail address?Unit 9 Jobs “The benefits are great!”Kevin: Hey, Cathy, I found a good place for a vacation this summer. Cathy: What is it?Kevin: It’s called Camp Star.Cathy: Hmmm. Looks pretty. But what can you do there?Kevin: It’s kind of isolated.Cathy: Isolated? What do you mean?Kevin: It’s off the coast, and you have to take a boat to get there. This week’s program is that you hike and hear lectures and talk about current issues.Cathy: Where do you stay? Tents?Kevin: No, it’s an old hotel. They have a couple of rules, though. Cathy: Uh-huh?Kevin: It says here there’s no TV and you can’t use any electrical appliances.Cathy: No TV? And no electrical — Wait a minute. What about my notebook computer?Kevin: No, no computers, and there’s only one telephone on the whole island.Cathy: What? So I won’t be able to check my e-mail either?Kevin: You’ll get by. It’ll be fun! Look, you can read, and talk, and think. And every morning you go for a long hike.Cathy: Ahh. Sounds like work.Kevin: I think it would be relaxing. I’d like to get away from the phone for a week. And I think it’d be good for you.Cathy: So you’re telling me there’s no TV, no computers, and I have to wake up every morning to go hiking. Why on earth would anybody want to go there?Unit 10 Style “It means a lot to me.”Jean: I’m ready, are you? Why don’t you take that necklace off before you go in the pool?Chandra: Oh, this? No, I never take it off. I wear it all the time. I’ve had it since I was a kid.Jean: Really? You’re worn it since you were little? Why?Chandra: Well, when I was a baby, I lived in India. And I was sick all the time, so my parents took me to a doctor. And, well, the doctor at first did n’t want to treat me because —Jean: What: Why?Chandra: Well, because I was a girl.Jean: Huh? Because you were a girl?Chandra: Yeah, well, that’s the way it was. Anyway, so my parents took me to this witch doctor, and I —Jean: A witch doctor?Chandra: Yeah, well, I guess you could call her a — I don’t know, a spiritual healer. She was an old woman in our village. And she tooka look at me and she said I needed silver.Jean: Silver?Chandra: Yeah. She said I needed silver so that I could get better. And then my grandmother went to a jeweler and she had this silver necklace made for me. They put it on me, and I got better. Jean: I don’t believe that.Chandra: Well, I didn’t either for a while. But you know what? When I was 20 I took it off and I put it in a drawer for a little while.And then, I started to get sick again. And I didn’t get better.I was just sick all the time. And then I remembered the necklace,and I put it on. And after that, I was fine.Jean: Wow.Unit 11 Travel “They lost my luggage!”Angela: I’m thinking about going to Costa Rica —Trevor: Great. I went to Costa Rica once — but I had a terrible time getting there —Angela: Oh, yeah? What happened?Trevor: Well, when I got to the airport, I realized I didn’t have my passport —Angela: Oh no.Trevor: So I called a friend — and he broke into my house — Got mypassport and brought it to me. But I missed that flight so I had to stay overnight in San Francisco.Angela: Oh, that’s too bad.Trevor: Yeah. So I got the flight the next day — and of course on the way we had engine trouble — so we had to stop in Mexico City —I was stuck there for another, like, 22hours while they got the part. Angela: Oh, my gosh!Trevor: And I mean stuck. They wouldn’t even let us out of the airport —Angela: You’re kidding!Trevor: I’m telling you. So finally, we, like, after all this time, I got to Costa Rica two days late and-Angela: And don’t tell me, your luggage isn’t there.Trevor: You guessed it. I go into the airline office to complain and there was this really wonderful woman working at the counter.Angela: Oh, yeah?Trevor: And she was really nice and helped me out —Angela: Mm-hmm —Trevor: ——and we sort of hit it off —Angela: Yeah? And then what?Trevor: About two months later we got married!Unit 12 Food “What’s for dinner?”Rob: Hey, Tony! What’s up?Tony: Hey, Rob. Check this out. I got a package from my Mom.Rob: Oh, yes! Cookies, I hope.Tony: Nah, it’s a cookbook. Twenty-Minute Meals. It’s perfect for us, don’t you think?Rob: Yeah, I guess. But I wish she would’ve sent you cookies instead. Tony: Think about it, though. No more instant ramen, no more fast-food burgers. Twenty minutes in the kitchen, and voila! We have a well-balanced meal. Are you in?Rob: Whatever you say, Chef Tony. Let’s have a look. How about this? Super Nachos. Now that’s my kind of food.Tony: All right! Let’s get started. What do we need?Rob: What we really need is for you to find a girlfriend who can cook. Tony: Yeah, right. And then you’ll find one, too, and they can take turns cooking for us. So what are the ingredients?Rob: Hmm — chips, salsa, can of chili, and shredded cheese. That sounds easy enough.Tony: Well, we’ve got half a bag of nacho chips. Think that’s enough? Rob: It’ll have to be. Let’s see what’s in the fridge. We’ve got lots of soda — Half a submarine sandwich — Cheese! We’ve got that —Oh, it’s kind of moldy, though.Tony: Kind of? It’s green! Do we have any chili?Rob: Sorry, man, I think I ate it the other night.Tony: That wasn’t yours. Anyway, I had a coupla cans. There must be at least one left.Rob: Let’s see — Box of cereal — some instant ramen — and a jar of peanut butter. That’s it.Tony: Oh, rats. It looks like we can’t have nachos tonight after all. Rob: I guess not. Well, what’s it gonna be? Instant ramen for the third night in a row? With peanut butter?Tony: I’m so sick of that junk! Let’s go to the supermarket and get what we need to make Super Nachos.Rob: Yeah, and on the way, let’s stop for hamburgers or a pizza. Tony: Yeah, cool.Unit 13 Schedules “I’ll pencil it in.”Manager: Ok, time to get up, women! Your public is waiting for you! Woman1: Huh? What day is it?Manager: It’s Wednesday. We’re in Middleburg. Ohio, tonight at the Summer Fest in the town park.Woman2: Yeah. Hope it doesn’t rain.Manager: Then tomorrow it’s up to Cleveland to play for Sarah’s induction into the Hall of Fame, followed by an autograph signing session.Woman1: Wish it was us being inducted. The first all-girl rock band in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame — What’s on for Friday? Manager: Friday we have to be in the studio in Akron. We’re doing a live online chat on . Come on guys. You’ll love it. It’s at 4:00, and then we’ve in the Starlight Dome that night.Woman1: Where are we playing Saturday?Manager: Pittsburgh, at the Waterfront Fair. We’ll be there Sunday afternoon, too.Woman2: This schedule is brutal. When do we get a day off?Manager: Hah! We’re booked through the weekend, but we have a light schedule on Monday. We just have to drive out to record the new CD in St. Louis, but at least you can sleep on the bus. Hmm?Unit 14 Weather “It’s raining cats and dogs.”Alex: Grandma, what are these pictures?G: These are pictures of Alaska.Alex: That’s where you grew up, right?G: That’s right, dear — I lived there until I was 19 years old. Alex: Is that you in this picture?G: Yes, that’s me — And my sister Ruth — and our dog, Kusko. That was out behind our house.Alex: Wow. It looks cold!G: Yes, that was in the winter — and it was cold — It snowed a lot! And boy, Kusko just loved the snow. Ruth and I and Kusko used to play in the snow for hours.Alex: Did you make snowmen?G: Oh, we made some great snowmen —Alex: Is that you in this picture, too?G: Yes, that’s me and Ruth again — I guess we were both in high school then ——Alex: Where are you?G: We were hiking near Seward — We hiked a lot in those days.Alex: But where’s the snow?G: Well, it doesn’t snow ALL the time in Alaska, you know. That was in the springtime — Spring was a great time for hiking — It was a littlemuddy, though —Alex: Oh ——G: Look, here’s a picture of Ruth now, outside her house.Alex: That’s Aunt Ruth’s house, in Alaska? I thought everybody lived in igloos!G: (laughing) Oh, no. Most people live in regular houses! — aren’t those flowers lovely?Alex: You mean, flowers grow there too?G: Of course. In the summer everything just blooms — it’s sunny and the weather is warm —Alex: Warm? You mean, it was warm enough to go swimming?G: Oh, we all went swimming in July and August — the water was cold —But swimming was so much fun —Alex: Was summer your favorite season?G: You know, I love all the seasons, but I think my favorite season was autumn. The leaves in the mountains turning to gold — I always loved that sign of the changing seasons — Look, here’s a picture of the mountains near our house in the fall —Alex: Wow, Grandma, I’d like to go to Alaska sometime.G: Well, Alex, I’ve got an idea. Let’s go to Alaska together sometime. Alex: Yeah, Grandma, that’d be great.Unit 15 Lifestyle “It’s so convenient.”［music］—— Okay, sit back in your chair. And let your hands rest loosely in your lap. Close your eyes. Now lift your shoulders up and then let them fall. Breathe in, filling your lungs with air. Now let your breath out very slowly. Imagine you are on a beach. See the sand, the trees and the water. Feel the soft sand below you. Let your feet sink into the sand. Look at the gentle waves in the water. The waves are coming in —— and going out. You’re breathing slowly and calmly, like the waves —— Feel the warm sun on your skin. Oh, you feel good. You’re relaxed. You’re well and happy. Now, see yourself slowly leaving the beach. Your body is warm and relaxed. You come back to your daily life with new energy and joy. And now, slowly, open your eyes.。

Hi, welcome to our college. You will spend at least four years here. College days will be the golden years of your life. There are many opportunities for you to explore the unknown and you can experience a lot. You can make lifelong friends; you can enjoy various kinds of ac tivities; you can develop your personal interests; and you will meet some outstanding scholars . Keep a good balance and lay a solid foundation. There are many doors to your dreams. You decide how many you can open.The Internet is really an ocean of information and a1.handy tool for communication. You can find almost anything you want. Google , for example, may 2.serve you just fine. You can also communicate with whomever you wish to online. If you want to explore cloning technology, find a discussion group; if you want to share opinions on how to improve your English,a query on BBS or enter a 5.chatroom . Many colleges and millions of students are now 6.taking advantage of online learning programs. Peter Drucker predicted, “Thirty years from now the big university campuses will be relics... It’s as large a change as when we first got the printed book〞 .TGIF (Thank God it’s Friday)! What’s your time gig? What’s your spare time gig? clubs and societies?Sports ? Basketball ? Come on, guys! We are the best of CUBA! (I love this game!) Prefer to stay in the dorm listening to .music ? What’s that? Michael Learns to Rock or Backstreet Boys?time again. Meet people and make new friends. Oh? You’d rather just hang out? You won’t be bored anyhow .How do you understand the idea of living on your own? You may have felt very much 1.on your own when you left home to enter college. A free bird out of its 2. cage , now, eh? Is it really so? Think again. Are you able to the tuition by yourself? Can you really take care of all your 4.dailyneeds? “I sure can. It’s a snap,〞some might say. “Just find a 5. part-time job, and everything will be OK.〞Others may find 6.traditional college life quite safe and convenient. Are you ready to take the risk?What are your key sources of information? Do you get most of your information by talking to other people?People could already do that in the Stone Age. When the printing press was invented several hundred years ago, .written sources became important to anyone who could read. Now we read magazines and newspapers as much as we read books. But we also get a lot of information from electronicsources. Radio is not yet 100 years old, television has only been popular for about 50 years, and the .Internet is younger than all the students in this class. Yet these are some of our favorites. What you’re your favorites ? How many different sources of information do you use in a typical day?The modern Olympics occur every four years. This is one of the biggest and most important.events in the world. Volunteers contribute greatly to its success. They offer attendants in various ways, such as transportation, catering, ticket sales, room , etc. Have you had any previous as a volunteer, perhaps only locally? Are you do any volunteering when the Olympics come to Beijing? If so, what kind of volunteer work would you prefer?1.自从有了挪动后，他再也没有给朋友写信了。

Unit One:Listing tasks:1. A: Jake Sutton! Is that you, man? How are you?•B: Hey, Andrew! I didn’t recognize you for a moment. Long time no see!•A: Yeah, wow, I haven’t seen you since high school graduation! What’ve you been up to? •B: I’ve been back East, at college.•A: College? Where?•B: Boston. B.U.•A: Oh, cool.•B: And this past year, I got to go to Spain as an exchange student.•A: Spain? No kidding? I remember you always hoped for an international lifestyle.•B: Exactly.•A: So how was it, amigo?•B: Oh, man, it was so great. I got to see a lot of Europe.•A: Yeah? Like where?•B: All over. Italy, France, Greece, and my homestay family was really nice. They’ve invited me back again if I want to go to graduate school there.•A: Sounds like we won’t be seeing you for another few more years then, eh?•B: I dunno. Half of me wants to go. Half of me wants to stay here. You know, when I was there, I missed home a lot more than I thought I would.•A: I can imagine.2. A: So, Terry, How have you been?•B: Good, good.•A: How are things going? Did you graduate this year?•B: Me? Nah!I went to State, but after my second year, I realized that what I really want to do is take over for my mom in the restaurant.•A: Oh, that’s right. Your family owns a little restaurant. Well, I mean, it’s not so little, but …•B: So I came back home and started apprenticing as a chef.•A: Really? That is so cool!You know, now that I think about it, it makes perfect sense for you. Even back in high school, you could cook up a storm. So, how is it being in the business?•B: Well, I love to cook, but, man, I have a lot to learn about running a business. I’m really glad my mom’s around to teach me.•A: Well, I’ll have to come by to try your cooking. What nights do you work?•B: Take your pick. I’m there seven nights a week.3. A: Ken? Ken Mackney, is that you?•B: Uh, yeah, I’m Ken Mackney.•A: It’s me. Barry Simmons. You know, Mr. Jones’s calculus class, senior year?•B: Um, so, how’s it going? What are you up to these days?•A: I’m pretty busy. I’m working as an accountant in the city.•B: Oh, that’s great!It sounds like you really put your math skills to good use.•A: Yeah. And I got married last fall. Hey, you might actually know my wife, Tina Chan, Jason Chan’s little sister?•B: Tina. Is she the one who went to Harvard Medical School?•A: No, that was Lisa Fong. Tina went to art school.•B: Oh! Well, I guess you and Tina are a good match, then. You were always into art, too, weren’t you?•A: No, not really. That’s my brother Tom you’re thinking of. You don’t remember very much from high school, do you?•B: No, I guess not! It’s been a long time!4. A: Hi, Kate. It’s me, Cindy Lohan. You remember me, don’t you?•B: Cindy, Cindy. I can’t seem to place the name. Oh, my gosh, yes!I do remember you!But …•A: But what?•B: Well, it’s just that you don’t look like the free-spirited Cindy I remember. You look so, so normal.•A: Normal? I guess you’re referring to my hair?•B: Yeah. I mean, you’re just a regular brunette now. When I knew you, you always had your hair dyed some interesting color. Blue one day, pink the next.•A: Well, I’m a lawyer now. Most judges have a thing against pink hair, so …•B: I can see your sense of humor hasn’t changed much!Real world listening:•Charisse: Karen, I can’t get over how gorgeous you look. I guess you must’ve become an actress, like you always wanted.•Karen: Thanks, but you’re not going to believe this.•Charisse: What?•Karen: Well, I moved away to Hollywood and did the usual waitress thing for a while. •Charisse: Yeah?•Karen: Eventually, I got a small part in a horror movie, and that’s when I discovered my true calling.•Charisse: What’s that? Playing zombies?•Karen: Nope. I’ve become a movie makeup artist!•Charisse: No way!That’s so amazing! But what made you give up acting?•Karen: I guess I just prefer working behind the scenes. But enough about me. How are you and Craig?•Charisse: Craig? Oh, him. You know, we broke up about a year after you left town. •Karen: Oh, I’m sorry. It just seemed like you two were so eager to get married and start a family.•Charisse: Funny how that ended up. I was too busy with school and then my job, and we just sort of drifted apart.•Karen: Huh!So what’ve you been doing all this time, Charisse?•Charisse: Well, a few years ago I got a great job with an advertising agency. And guess what?•Karen: What?•Charisse: They’ve just promoted me. I’m an account executive now!•Karen: Wow, pretty impressive.Unit Two:Listening tasks:1. A: Oh, my gosh. You won’t believe this!•B: What? What happened, Katie?•A: You know that guy Brett, from the football team?•B: Oh, yeah, the big, dumb jock. What did he do this time?•A: He gave me a poem.•B: A poem?•A: I mean, it’s beautiful!It’s romantic and it’s full of imagery. I just couldn’t believe it came from him.•B: You got that right. I didn’t even think he could read.•A: I just found out he plays two musical instruments and speaks French fluently!•B: Hmm. Well, maybe there’s more to Brett than meets the eye!2. A: Hey, Jeff, I didn’t know you took dance lessons.•B: What? How did you know that?•A: Your girlfriend showed me some pictures of you dancing.•B: Man, I told her not to show those to people!•A: Aw, come on. Actually, I think it’s pretty cool. I wish there was something I felt that passionate about.•B: Really? You know, I love to dance, but I don’t tell my friends about it. Dancing is a private thing for me. It’s just something I do for myself.3. A: Hey, Kayla. Can I borrow your notes from today’s math class?•B: Yeah, sure. Just make sure to give them back to me before my band plays tonight. I need time to study.•A: Did you say your “band”?•B: Yeah. I’m in a band called Rock Hard. I play the drums.•A: You’re kidding! You play the drums for a rock band? I never would’ve guessed.•B: Why? ’Cause I’m a straight A student?•A: Yeah. I mean, you’re the one everyone comes to for math help. I just assumed you were a …•B: A nerd?•A: Well, I don’t know about that.•B: Don’t worry. I’m not offended. I am a nerd. But who says nerds can’t play the drums?Real World Listening:•C: TJ, my man!How’s it goin’?•TJ: Hey, Cesar. What’s up, dude?•C: Oh, not much. But you, man. You’re all over the place. I saw you on TV last week. The Pro-Am skateboarding championship. Man, you tore it up on the half-pipe.•TJ: I guess I did OK. I got second place.•C: That flip you did was totally awesome. Anyway, I can’t believe you’ve gone pro, man. You’ve totally made it.•TJ: Yeah, I know. Contests, sponsorships, kids asking for my autograph all the time.It’s weird.•C: Sounds like it. But good weird.•TJ: Yeah. And you won’t even believe what the latest is.•C: What?•TJ: Nike wants me to do a commercial. They’ve been calling my agent. Nike, man.•C: Wow! I don’t believe that. That’s crazy, man. You’ve got it made.•TJ: Yeah, sorta.•C: What’s wrong?•TJ: Well, you know the fame and fortune are great, but sometimes I just want to have my old life back again.•C: Why? With the way things are going for you?•TJ: No, but it’s my family and my friends, like you. They think I’m too good for them now. They think I don’t have time for the stuff we used to do, like go to movies and just hang out.•C: Wow, man. That’s rough. But you know, your life is kinda different now.•TJ: Sure, I mean, people recognize me and stuff, but I’m still the same person I was before I went pro. I just wish everyone would understand that.•C: Don’t you like all the attention you’re getting?•TJ: I dunno, man. The truth is, it’s kind of embarrassing. I guess I’m shy or something.•C: You? No way, TJ. I thought you lived for the crowds.•TJ: Nah, it’s the sport I love. I can live without the spectators.•C: So what are you gonna do, man?•TJ: Just keep doing what I’m doing. I’ve gotta be true to myself, no matter what anyone else thinks about it.Unit Three:Listening tasks:1. A: So, Amy, how many kids do you and Tom have?•B: Uh, kids, none. Not yet.•A: Not yet? Did you say “not yet”? Hey, are you and Tom keeping score here or what?You must be, what, 35 by now. Clock’s a’tickin’. Tick-tock, tick-tock, you know?•B: Yeah, I think we’re aware of all that, but it’s kind of complicated. We’ve got our careers right now, and …•A: Complicated? You think you’re the only people who are trying to juggle careers and family?•B: No, no. I’m sure we’re not. Just, it’s kind of a personal thing.2. A: So, Jerry, have you thought about where you’re going to live after you graduate in June?•B: Uh, yeah. I think I’m going to move back in with my folks, save a little money, you know.•A: Your folks? You gotta be kidding!Don’t you think it’s time to leave the nest?•B: Um, yeah, I guess. But it’s not like it’s gonna be forever. Just until I can save upenough money to …•A: I gotta say, man, I think it’s a mistake.•B: Well, I’ve thought about it a lot, and I really think it’s the best decision for me right now.•A: But you need to go out on your own, get your own place, find yourself. Your parents are just going to get in the way.•B: Well, you know, I’m not the only one moving back home after college. Seems like half the people I know are doing it.3. A: Excuse me, ma’am.•B: Yes?•A: Your son’s tantrum is disturbing everyone in the store.•B: I know, I know. I’m trying to calm him down. Bobby, please be a good little boy for Mommy. I’ll give you a nice, yummy cookie if you stop crying.•A: If you ask me, what your son needs is a little good old-fashioned discipline. A nice spanking will do the job!You know what they say: Spare the rod and spoil the child!•B: Listen. How I raise my son is none of your business. We don’t believe in using physical violence with our children.4. A: So, Lucie, do you have anyone special in your life?•B: No. Not right now. It’s been a while since I’ve dated anybody.•A: Well, what have you been doing about it? You know, you can’t meet someone sitting at home on your couch on Friday nights eating chocolate ice cream. You’ve got to get yourself out there, girl!•B: Well, I don’t know. Meeting someone at a bar or club just isn’t for me.•A: I know! I’m fixing you up with a friend of mine. He’s perfect for you.•B: That’s OK. I’m not really into blind dates.•A: Don’t be ridiculous! You’re gonna love him!•B: You know, I’m not sure I really want to be dating anyone right now.Real World Listening:•Part 1. Andrea talks to Jackie.•Andrea: Andrea Price on “Who Needs Advice.”What’s your problem?•Jackie: Hi, I’m Jackie, from Toronto.•Andrea: Jackie, what’s your problem?•Jackie: My parents are driving me crazy! I’m in college, and my parents make me come home before midnight. Plus …•Andrea: Just a second, Jackie. Slow down. You’re in college, you’re living at home, your parents want you home at midnight. What’s wrong with that?•Jackie: Well, it’s not only that. They always want to know who I’m going out with, and if I’ve done my homework. How can I get them to leave me alone?•Andrea: Jackie, grow up already. If you live at home, you should follow their rules, or move out of their house. Clear enough?•Part 2. Andrea talks to Beatrice.•Andrea: Andrea Price on “Who Needs Advice.”•Beatrice: This is Beatrice from Atlanta.•Andrea: OK, Beatrice. What’s your problem?•Beatrice: I need some advice about dieting. Every time I go on a diet, I lose a few pounds, but it only lasts a little while.•Andrea: Uh huh. Go on.•Beatrice: Once I start eating normally again, I always gain the weight back.•Andrea: Do you exercise regularly?•Beatrice: No.•Andrea: There’s your problem. You can’t lose weight without exercise. Talk to your doctor about an exercise plan, and stick to it.•Part 3. Andrea talks to Pete.•Andrea: Andrea Price on “Who Needs Advice.”•Pete: This is Pete, from Denver.•Andrea: What’s your problem?•Pete: Could I ask you something?•Andrea: That’s what I’m here for.•Pete: Well, my car has been making funny noises lately. Like this—fffft fffft fffft fffft—but only when it’s moving. When it’s idle, it makes sounds sort of like, vvvttt, vvvtttt, vvvttt.•Andrea: Look, Pete.•Pete: I really don’t know what to do.•Andrea: Look, Pete, I give advice about people, not cars. You need to call a mechanic.Unit Four:Listening tasks:1. My sister is a really strict vegan. It’s not for religious or health reasons. It’s just she’s just a little nuts. Every time she comes over for a family dinner we have to make a special dish just for her. And if, like, the fork we’ve used to serve some meat even touches her plate for a split second, she freaks out and has to get another plate. Recently, she started this new thing where she can’t even eat any vegetables that are cooked. They have to be raw. And she put her cat on a vegan diet, too. The poor thing only eats vegetables. Every time I go over to her place, the cat looks at me with these sad eyes, like, “Meat … please?”2. My cousin Pat is a professional clown. He goes by the name Patty Cakes. He gets hired to do special events like kids’birthday parties. The thing about Pat is that he just can’t stop being a clown even when he’s not working. He’ll show up at his friend’s house and start making balloon hats for everyone. And then there’s his pet duck, Phoebe. Pat uses Phoebe in his clown act, but sometimes he doesn’t have time to take her home after work, so he just brings her along wherever he’s going. It’s just so strange to see Pat walk in somewhere with Phoebe following behind him wearing a diaper.3. My Aunt Samantha collects dolls. She’s a real fanatic. Most people have hobbies, you know,like sports or music or movies, but Aunt Samantha spends all her money on dolls. She has one room in her apartment completely devoted to Barbie dolls. I mean, the whole room is wall-to-wall Barbies!She’s got over a thousand of them lined up on shelves from floor to ceiling. The dolls are all in perfect condition. She stores them in their boxes and never takes them out. It’s kind of scary, actually. When you walk into that room, you just feel surrounded by them. It’s like they’re all watching you or something.4. My brother Andrew is really into TV and movies and, um ... How can I put this nicely? He can get pretty extreme about it. He’s always pretending to be a character from a movie or TV show. Now, when he was twelve or thirteen, he used to watch the TV show Star Trek all the time, and he’d go around talking exactly like Mr. Spock. Like if I’d say, “Andrew, get out of my room. I’m studying. You’re so irritating.”And he’d say, “Irritating? Ah, yes, one of your earthling emotions.”Stuff like that, a line right out of Star Trek. Now, sometimes, it’s funny. Like now he’s doing Harry Potter voices. But we worry about him a lot. I mean, does he even know who he is? He’s always acting like someone else.Real world listening:•Lydia: OK, Greg, I got the wedding invitations back from the printers. Let’s do this!•Greg: OK, I’m ready.•Lydia: Got your list?•Greg: Yeah, I just have a short list, though. Just my parents, and my brother Tim, and his wife, and my sister Tanya, and Jamie, my friend from college, and that’s about it. I can’t think of anyone else that I really want to invite.•Lydia: Greg, that’s like, what, ten people? Are you joking? This is our wedding.•Greg: Well, I guess we could invite my mom’s cousin Abigail. She lives nearby, but I don’t know her very well, and she’s kind of crazy. She has, like, fifteen cats.•Lydia: Greg, if she’s family, you should invite her.•Greg: I guess.•Lydia: So, including your mom’s cousin Abigail, you’ve now got a grand total of eleven guests. That just isn’t enough to fill up a reception room.•Greg: Well, how many people are you inviting?•Lydia: Um, let’s see. Here’s my list. I’ve got my brother and his wife.•Greg: Right.•Lydia: And her parents and relatives.•Greg: You’re inviting your sister-in-law’s relatives, too?•Lydia: Greg, this is a family event. Can’t leave anyone out.•Greg: Can’t leave anyone out?•Lydia: And then there’s my mother’s two brothers and their families.•Greg: They’ll come all the way from San Francisco for this?•Lydia: Oh, absolutely. And then my aunt Chia-Lin.•Greg: I thought she lived in Shanghai.•Lydia: She does, but she’ll come for the wedding.•Greg: Really?•Lydia: She wouldn’t miss it for the world, and besides, my mother would never forgiveher if she didn’t come to my wedding.•Greg: Ah.•Lydia: And then my father will want to invite all his close friends from work.•Greg: Wait a sec. Your father’s friends from work are coming? How many is that?•Lydia: Oh, Greg, he’s in the restaurant business. He’s got so many friends. There must be like, one, two, three, eight people who work in the restaurant alone, and then the suppliers, and all of his regular big customers.Maybe eighty or ninety. Something like that.•Greg: Eighty people!•Lydia: There’s no way he wouldn’t invite all of them to his daughter’s wedding. It’d be an insult!•Greg: But I thought we were just inviting family and close friends.•Lydia: Believe me, my father’s business associates are like family.•Greg: Wow! How many people are on that list there?•Lydia: Oh, just a few. This is just like three or four hundred people. I’m trying to keep it small.•Greg: Gosh, Lydia, where are we going to have this wedding, in Yankee Stadium?Unit Five:Listening tasks:1. A: Honey, I’ve been thinking.•B: Huh?•A: I’ve been thinking. I think I’d like to go back to work.•B: Really? Why?•A: Well, the kids are growing up. Jenny is off to university, and Ted is going to be in high school next year.•B: Uh huh, yeah, right?•A: Well, I just don’t think I need to be a stay-at-home mom anymore.•B: But, but who’s going to make dinner and do the laundry, and who’s going to clean the house?•A: I don’t know, honey, but we’ll figure it out. I’ve been weighing the pros and cons, and now it just seems like the best time to make a change.2. A: Hey, how’s it going, Frank?•B: Oh, not too sure.•A: Oh, what’s the problem?•B: It’s not really a problem. It’s kind of a good thing, I guess.•A: You guess?•B: Well, I applied for a job with a really good engineering firm a couple of months ago, and I talked to the boss yesterday.•A: Yeah?•B: And they want to hire me.•A: That’s great news.•B: Well, sort of. But the downside is the job’s in Texas. I would have to move. And they want me to start in six weeks.•A: Ooh, Texas. That’s really far away. What are you leaning toward?•B: At this point, I’m seriously considering accepting the offer. But I have until next week to let them know.3. A: Hey, Jamie, you look stressed out. What’s wrong?•B: Oh, I have to choose my major this month, and I’m still undecided.•A: I thought you were majoring in theater. Didn’t you say you wanted to be the next Angelina Jolie?•B: Yeah, but I changed my mind last semester and started taking more psychology classes.•A: Well, why don’t you do that? You could be the next Sigmund Freud, the female version.•B: I would, but I don’t know. I’m taking a really great physics class this semester. I totally love it.•A: Then why not do physics?•B: So I could be the next Albert Einstein, right? I don’t know about that, either. I kinda want to take some French classes. Yeah, that sounds good! Maybe I should major in French. Although, if I take French, then I can’t really take the physics. And I mean, theater still is really fun.4. A: What do you think about getting a puppy, Rick?•B: A puppy? Why would we do that?•A: Well, I was at the supermarket today, and there was this guy with a box of Labrador puppies out front, and they were so cute.•B: Yeah, of course they’re cute. Puppies are always cute. But they’re messy, too. •A: I know, but you should have seen them. Their little tails and their little faces.•B: The problem with a puppy is that it eventually becomes a dog, a big dog. What’s a big dog gonna do in our little apartment?•A: We’ll take it for walks. It’ll be great. C’mon.•B: I don’t know. I’ll think about it. Why don’t we get a cat instead?•Real World Listening :•Our topic today is decision making. We make decisions every day, right? Maybe about simple, personal things like which train to take to work or should you get a puppy as a pet, and also more complex things like what to major in at college or whether to take a job offer in a new city. We’re going to look at four dimensions of the decision-making process, OK? Approach, information, risk, and decisiveness.•The first dimension is approach, or the way that you view the decision-making process.There are two types of decision makers here: originators and adapters. Adapters tend to think in terms of the minimum change necessary to produce the results they want. They stick with ideas that have worked in the past. Originators, on the other hand, tend to produce decisions that are less similar to past ideas. They make decisions that seem unique and creative.•The second dimension is information. What kind of information do you need to make a decision? Are you a concrete information processor or an abstract information processor?Concrete information processors need complete and detailed information before making a decision. They prefer to work with clear, absolute, and exact facts and values. Abstractinformation processors, on the other hand, focus on the big picture and general information before they make their decision.•The third dimension is risk. What kind of risk taker are you when you make a big decision? How do you deal with struggles and challenges when you face a tough decision?Two types of risk takers here: conciliators and challengers. Conciliators prefer to be cautious and avoid risks. They avoid taking actions that might involve losing too much.The other type is the challenger. And a challenger will take a more extreme and risky choice in order to get a greater gain, even if the situation has a good chance of turning out badly.•The fourth dimension is decisiveness—how fast you make the decision, and how quickly you take steps towards implementing your decision. For this dimension, the two types of decision makers are called organized and flexible. Organized decision makers are quick to choose—bang, come on, make a decision—and also quick to act upon their decisions: OK, let’s do it!They commit their energy and time sooner than others. Flexible decision makers, on the other hand, are slow to choose and also slow to act upon their decisions.•They tend to change plans frequently, and they also procrastinate or postpone their plans unless they become absolutely necessary.•So that’s the theory: four dimensions of decision making. Where do you stand in each dimension? There’s no right or wrong way to make a decision, but by understanding our own decision making styles, we can make more effective, well-informed, and conscious decisions.。

Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter:New student?Janet:Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, please?Jane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double E?Janet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet:Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my room?Porter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing with?Porter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet:Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy. Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices. Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?Janet: What's minestrone soup?Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious! Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Kate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark? Mark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carne?Mark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water. Kate: Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet: Any suggestions?Kate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is there?Kate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have? Waitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie? Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doing?Janet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false? Mark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. True?Janet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired. Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark: I'm not sure ... True?Janet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going! Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so muchtraining in critical thinking.Kate: What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it. Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet: Why do you say that?Kate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some research?Kate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you back?Kate: Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky: Sure. Who's calling?Kate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she? Kate: Yes, how do you know her?Janet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline. Janet: Nightline?Kate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate: Sure. What time?Abbie: Is three o'clock OK?Kate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student. Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works. Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills. Janet: Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words.Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it going?Unit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it going?Becky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problem?Janet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know her?Kate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her?Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestions?Becky: Guys! You want to order?Mark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinos?Becky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows her? You could ask them to introduce you.Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, Janet?Janet: What's matchmaking?Kate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi? Whydon't you do that?Mark: No.Kate: Why not?Mark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...! Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy! Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her. Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yet?Girls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, Becky? Becky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny. Kate: You did it, you asked her out?Janet: When are you seeing her?Mark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child. Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are you?Mark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice.Kate: Any ideas?Janet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that.Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her.Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What else?Kate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more advice?Kate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, Mark?Kate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to order?Unit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particular?Mark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there.Kate: And what about you?Janet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street. Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help you?Kate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this one?Kate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors?Janet: What size do you take?Mark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small,though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger size?Mark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is it?Mark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt.Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet:Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dress?Kate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it on?Kate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing rooms?Assistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you think?Janet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size? Assistant: What size do you take?Kate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, then?Janet: OK. ... What do you think?Kate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card?Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't it? But I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else.Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arriving?Kate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a hand?Kate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parents?Kate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there?Janet: Sure. So who are you most like?Kate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do you?Kate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautiful?Rob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happened?Rob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, Julia? But they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he say?Rob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right? There's no real concern?Rob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderful?Rob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearby? I seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help you?Mark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation. Assistant: Going to ...?Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a return?Mark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September.Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not club?Mark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat? Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodation?Mark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights. Assistant: How many nights will you be staying?Mark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York.Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double room? Mark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfast?Assistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-out?Assistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card? You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US? We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August? And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th? After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yet?Mark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you going? Mark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term. Kate: Where are you staying?Mark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do there?Mark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plans? Mark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days.Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them. Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York Yankees? That's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends. Kate: And will you fly home from Chicago?Mark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matter?Janet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrong?Janet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write.Kate: Are you eating properly? I didn't see you at dinner last night. Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days.Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sick?Janet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutor?Janet: No! Why would I do that?Kate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor?Janet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms? Do you have a headache? Janet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor? She'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests.Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problem?Janet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of that?Janet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social life? Janet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriend?Janet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university.Doctor: And are you eating properly?Janet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite food?Janet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there? Um, any worries about your work?Janet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisis?Janet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next week? In the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are you?Mark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guys?Kate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling? All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in? They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it. Janet:Shall we go inside?Mark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OK?Mark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban cars?Mark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution.Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion charge?Mark: Like in London?Janet: Do you think it would stop people driving into Oxford?Mark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight.Kate: You are? Good for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not.Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting go?Mark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk about?Mark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: Really? You know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment. Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry you?Janet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The ActionGroup really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help. Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it.Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now. Janet: What?Mark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me?Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right now? Janet: Sure.。

大学英语听说教程1听力原文Unit 1 ListeningPart 11. W: Good morning, can I help you?M: Yes, I'd like to inquire about the English courses offered here. W: Sure, we have various levels of courses tailored to different needs. Let me give you a brochure.2. M: How was your weekend?W: I had a really great time. I went hiking with my friends in the mountains.3. W: Hi Tom, I haven't seen you for ages! How have you been?M: I've been pretty busy with my job. How about you?4. M: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is? W: Sure. Go straight down this street and you'll see it on yourleft-hand side.5. W: Did you hear about the Eastern Music Festival happening next month?M: Yes, I heard about it. I'm planning to go and enjoy some live performances.Part 2Passage 1Just picture this: You're walking down the street, coffee in hand, feeling good and confident. Suddenly, you trip and spill your coffee all over yourself. Embarrassing, right? But don't worry,everyone has unpleasant experiences like this sometimes. The key is to handle them with grace. Instead of panicking or feeling ashamed, try to stay calm and remember that accidents happen to everyone. Clean yourself up, laugh it off, and move on. People around you will admire your composure.Passage 2Feeling stressed out? Taking a walk outdoors may be just what you need. According to a recent study, spending time in nature can reduce stress and increase happiness. When you're surrounded by nature, your brain enters a state of relaxation, allowing you to focus better and be more creative. So next time you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, take a break and go for a walk in the park. You'll come back feeling refreshed and ready to tackle whatever challenges come your way.。

Unit 1 Meeting People ( I )Part AEx11. Very well, thank you. And you?2. Hello. Nice to see you too.3. How do you do? It’s good to know you.4. Just fine, thanks.5. Not too bad, thanks.6. Great! What about you?Part BConversation 1Ex11. b2. cEx2somewhere, a friend of Emi, my best friend, Emi’s house, rememberHey, This Is My TableW: Hey!M: Yeah?W: This is my table.M: Your table?W: Yeah. This is my bag. I left it on the table. Didn’t you see it?M: Yeah, I guess so.W: Well?M: Well, sorry, but the place’s really busy. There were no other tables, so…Do you mind? W: Well, I guess you can stay.M: Thanks. By the way, my name’s Bradley. But you can call me Brad.W: I’m Monica. My friends call me Nicki.M: You know, I’ve seen you somewhere.W: Oh?M: I know! You’re a friend of Emi.W: Yeah, she’s my best friend.M: I met you at Emi’s house once.W: Oh, now I remember you.M: So we do know each other…Nicki.W: OK, I guess we do…Brad.Conversation2Ex11. d2. cEx2Opening a sporting good store1.Santa Barbara, California2.London, work, for a few months3.Rosefield High / the same high school, 1989Is It Okay If I Sit Here?Bill: Excuse me, is it okay if I sit here?Lisa: Sure, go ahead.Bill: Thanks. By the way, I’m Bill Rivers.Lisa: Hi, Bill. My name’s Lisa Brown.Bill: Hi, Lisa. Are you on vacation?Lisa: No, I’m working here in London for a few months.Bill: You’re kidding—so am I. What do you do?Lisa: I work for the American Central Bank. How about you?Bill: I’m an artist, and I was asked to bring over some of my works to a small gallery just near here. I’ve just had my first exhibition there.Lisa: Wow —that is impressive.Bill: Thanks. So where are you from?Lisa: I’m from California —Santa Barbara.Bill: You’re kidding —so am I! Don’t tell me you went to Rosefield High.Lisa: Yeah, I did —but I wasn’t a very good student.Bill: Me neither. What year did you graduate?Lisa: Um, 1989.Bill: Oh, that’s strange, me too. Do you remember Mrs. Rivers?Lisa: Oh, the math teacher? Sure. She was horrible!Bill: She’s my mom.Lisa: Oh.Part C2A1.Monica and Bradley are the two speakers in the conversation.2.It took place in a fast-food restaurant.3.Bradley took Monica’s table because there were no other tables free.4.No, she was unhappy at first.5.Yes, she finally agreed to let Bradley share her table because she found him nice and polite.6.She realized that she had met Bradley before at Emi’s house.7.She was Monica’s best friend and also a friend of Bradley’s.2B1.Yes, he is.2.He is from Santa Barbara, California.3.He went to Rosefield High.4.He graduated in 1989.5.He is an artist.6.He is in London now. He has just had an exhibition of some of his paintings in a small gallery in the city.7.She is a math teacher at Rosefield High.Part D1. a2. d3. bMay I Know Your Name?Mr. Song: Is this your umbrella, miss?Miss Chen: Oh, yes, it is. Thank you. I was looking for is just now.Mr. Song: You look a bit familiar to me. I wonder if I have seen you somewhere before. Miss Chen: Have you?Mr. Song: I think so. May I ask where you live?Miss Chen: Just two blocks away, in that tall building.Mr. Song: That’s it. I live there too. I live on the 6th floor.Miss Chen: My family moved in just two weeks ago. We live on the 4th floor.Mr. Song: It’s a small world! May I know your name?Miss Chen: I’m Chen Ying.Mr. Song: How do you do, Miss Chen? I’m Song Wei.Miss Chen: I’m glad to know you, Mr. Song.Mr. Song: Are you going to work now?Miss Chen: No. I’m going to do some shopping for the weekend. What about you?Mr. Song: I’m going to the airport to meet some friends from Beijing.Miss Chen: See you, Mr. Song.Mr. Song: Have a good day, Miss Chen.Miss Chen: You too.Unit 2 Meeting People ( II )Part AEx11. let me introduce you2. I’d like you to meet3. introduce you to4. Let me introduce myself, My name is, I’m5. come and meet, This is, This isPart BConversation 1Ex11. c2. b3. aEx2publishing company, three book projects, busy, enjoys, free time for herself, busy, five, have lunchMaggie Meets an Old FriendLaura: Maggie? Maggie?Maggie: Laura? Is that you?Laura: Yeah. What a surprise!Maggie: It’s been a long time.Laura: I know. It’s been. What? Five years?Maggie: Five years. Oh my gosh. I can’t believe it.Laura: I know. It’s incredible. So…what’s happening with you?Maggie: Well, I just got a job at a publishing company.Laura: Great. What do you do?Maggie: I’m an assistant editor. I’m working on three book projects. It’s so great.Laura: Wow. Sounds busy.Maggie: Yeah. Can you remember me in high school? I didn’t like to be busy, just liked to have a lot of free time, and be with my friends. But now I sort of like being busy.Laura: Wow, that’s a change. So are you shopping? Spending a lot of money?Maggie: No, I’m just looking around. I don’t spend a lot of money on clothes.Laura: I know what you mean. I don’t either. I am so glad to see you again, Maggie. Well, take care, Maggie. Maggie: Uh, wait. I’m just about to have lunch. Want to come along?Laura: Sure. That’d be great.Conversation2Ex11. c2. dWindy, Isn’t It?George: Windy, isn’t it?Diana: Yes, it is.George: By the way, my name’s George.Diana: Hello. I’m Diana.George: Hi, Diana. Uuh…where are you going?Diana: To Germany. I’m going home.George: Oh, you’re German.Diana: Yes. You’re English, aren’t you?George: Yes, I am.Diana: Where are you going?George: To Portugal!Diana: Oh holiday?George: No, I’m going to take some photographs there.Diana: Take photographs?George: Yes, I work for a travel magazine in Italy.Diana: Ah.George: What do you do?Diana: I’m a student.George: What are you studying?Diana: Medicine.George: Oh, my brother is a doctor.Diana: Really?George: It’s rather cold out here on the deck. Would you like a coffee?Diana: Yes, I’d love one.George: Let’s go along to the restaurant then.Part C2A8.She is an assistant editor in a publishing company.9.She is working on three book projects.10.She feels great.11.She used to like a lot of free time for herself and to be with her friends.12.She enjoys being busy.13.She is in a shop.14.It’s lunch time.15.She is looking around in the shop.16.No, she isn’t. She doesn’t like to spend a lot of money on clothes.17.She is going to have lunch with her friend Laura, whom she has met in the shop.2B8.He is English.9.He takes pictures / is a photographer / works for a travel magazine in Italy.10.He is going to Portugal.11.No, he isn’t.12.He is going to take some photographs.13.No, he isn’t. He is taking the trip by sea.14.He meets a girl called Diana and he introduces himself to her.15.She is going home to Germany.16.Yes, she is. She studies medicine.17.They are going to have coffee together.Part DTen, high school, three years, the same university, happy, the street, have lunch, nearest restaurant, the window, stories about their lives, keep in touchOld Friends MeetMichael was walking along the street the other day. Suddenly he heard someone shouting his name. He stopped and looked around. A young man was running after him. It was Jack Evans. Ten years ago Michael and Jack went to the same high school and then they studied at the same university. But they hadn’t met each other since their graduation three years ago. They were very happy to see each other again and decided to have lunch together. So they went to the nearest restaurant and sat at a table by the window. They had told each other stories about their lives and promised to keep in touch in the future.Unit 3 Study ( Ι )Part AExercise 11.It’s not very difficult to learn English.2.First, you need to read more after class.3.Listening isn’t my big problem but speaking is.4.I understand you must learn to speak by speaking.5.Bob says it’s hard to speak fluent English.6.If you ask me, I think you should speak slowly and clearly at first.Part BEx11b 2d 3aEx21. enjoy some music2. catch every word3. the key words4. are repeated several times in the dialogue5. closedConversation 1I’m Always Nervous in Class( J: Joana P: Paul )J: Paul, I’m nervous.P: Why?J: I’m always nervous whenever I put on the headphones.P: But you can enjoy some music first. The music is so nice.J: Yes, it is. But when the dialogue begins, I can’t catch a word.P: You don’t have to catch every word. Try to get the key words.J: But how can I identify the key words?P: Those words that tell the main idea of the dialogue or are required several times in it.J: Well ,probably you have to tell me the main idea first.P: But...Teacher: Good morning, class. Here are your books Look Ahead. We’ll take Lesson Twelve today. Now put on your headphones and keep your books closed. We’ll listen to the dialogue first.J: Paul, I’m nervous.P: Take it easy, Joana.Conversation BEx1 1 c 2 b 3 dEx2 1 F 2T 3F 4F 5THow Many Languages Do You Speak?G: Do you speak Japanese, Mrs. Brown?B: Yes, I speak a little Japanese.G: Does your husband speak Japanese, too?B: Yes, a little.G: How well do you know French?B: Pretty well. But I have a lot of trouble in speaking.G: How many languages do you speak altogether?B: I speak four languages, English, Frech, German, and a little Japanese. How many do you speak, Mr.Green?G: I speak three foreign languages.B: Which ones?G: I speak French, Greek, and Arabic.B: Arabic? Is it very difficult to learn?G: Yes, it is. But I have to use the language quite often. You see, my company does a lot of business in the Middle East.B: Do you read and write all three languages?G: Yes, I do. But sometimes I make mistakes in spelling.B: So do I.1．1. Yes, I’m studying in the Department of Economics/ No, I’m visiting a friend here.2. I’m majoring in/It’s Biochemistry/World History/ International Trade, etc.3. I speak two languages besides Chinese /I can speak English and German.4. Pretty well. But I have trouble with spelling.5. Yes?/ Yes, what is it?/Sure. Go ahead.6. It meets on Monday and Thursday.7. It’s due next week.8. Good luck.9. Take it easy.2A18.Joana and Paul are the two speakers in the conversation.19.It took place at a listening comprehension class.20.She was nervous.21.Every time she put on the headphones she would be so nervous that she wouldn’t be able to catcha single word when the conversation began.22.He suggested that Joana focus on the key words only.23.Those are the words that tell the main idea or are repeated several times in a conversation.24.No,she wasn’t because she had difficulty with finding the main idea of a conversation.25.No,the teacher started the lesson before Paul could give Joana any other suggestions and she wasnervous again.2B18.She speaks four languages.They are English,French,German and a little Japanese.19.She is quite good at French.20.She sometimes has trouble with spelling.21.He can also speak four languages.They are French,Greek,Arabic and English.22.He learns Arabic because he has to use it quite often.His company does a lot of business in theMiddle East.23.He can read and write in all those languages.24.He sometimes makes mistakes in his spelling.Exercise1 c2 bMr. Li Meets a StudentW: Hello, Mr. LiM: Hello. Are you a student here?W: Yes. I am in your history class, Mr. Li.M: Are you? Your name is...?W: Helen Baker. I’m from Britain.M: Ah, yes. How do you like my classes，Helen?W: They are very interesting. I really like Chinese history.M: I’m glad you like it. Do you live on campus?W: Yes, I do. I live in the International Students’ Dormitory.M: You don’t have classes this morning, do you?W: No, I don’t. I’m walking around the campus. I t’s so beautiful, just like a park. M: Yes, it is. OK, I’m going to my office now. Nice talking to you, Helen.W: Nice talking to you, too. See you tomorrow, Mr. Li.M: Goodbye.Unit 4 Study (Ⅱ)Part AEx11．All of us are non-English majors in the college.2．It is very important for us to study English well.3．Is it difficult to learn a foreign language?4．Here is your listening textbook.5．Take it easy when you listen to the recording of a dialogue.6．Now put on your headphones.7．I have a lot of trouble with spelling8．The more you like your work, the better you’ll do it.Ex21. A book is a friend that you never betray us.2. All books are divided into two classes: the books of the hour, and the books of all time.3. That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.4. No entertainment is so cheap as reading nor any pleasure so fasting.5. A little learning is a dangerous thing, but a lot of ignorance is just as bad.Part BConversation 1Ex11.b 2 c 3 aEx11 African Music Intermediate Piano English Composition Basic Chinese2 English Literature ⅡPolitical Science Math Computer ProgrammingⅠThe New Semester(D: David C: Christina)D: Hi, Christina. How are you doing?C: OK, pretty busy.D: Did you register for the new semester?C: Yeah, um-hm. I registered yesterday. What about you?D: Me, too. I registered this morning.C: What are you taking this semester?D: English LiteratureⅡ，Political Science, Math and Computer ProgrammingⅠ.C: Well, they’ll keep you pretty busy.D: I guess so. How about you? Going to take any business classes?C: No, I don’t think so, I’m going to take an African music course. It meets three times a week.D: Hmm. Well, any piano classes?C: Yeah, I’m taking Intermediate Piano. It meets on Monday.D: How about the basic requirement course?C: I’m going to take English Composition and Basic Chinese.D: Sounds like a full schedule!C: Yeah, I’m going to be really busy.Conversation2Ex11 d 2c 3aGood Morning, Cindy!M: Good morning, Cindy. You’re here early.W: Yes, I know, Dr Brown. I need to talk to you about my project.M: Oh, your project. It’s not a good time right now. I have to teach my morning class in just a few minutes.W: How about later today?M: Let’s see, today’s Wednesday, right?W: Uh-huh.M: Well, on Wednesdays I teach all morning. But I’ve got some free time between 12 and 1 today.How’s that for you?W: Hmm. I’ve got a swimming class then.M: Oh, a swimming class?W: Yeah. I go three times a week. You know, down at the university pool. Do you ever go there?M: No, never. I’m usually too busy.W: Well, I’m free after about 3.Would that be a good time?M: Ah, 3 o’clock? I have a faculty meeting...a faculty meeting every Wednesday, from 3 till about 5.W: Well, could we meet after that?M: Oh, gosh. No, sorry. I’ve got to run to the day-care center.I pick up my daughter there every day at 5:30.How about tomorrow?Part C1 a( J:Janet L:Linda )J: Hi ,Linda.L: Hi, Janet. Do you have classes this afternoon?J: Yes, my World History class meets this afternoon. It’s an optional course, but it’s very interesting. The professor really knows how to spark our interest.L: Is it Professor Smith? Everyone says he’s great.J: Yes, he’s the best.L: I remember you are very interested in French history, aren’t you?J: Yes. Actually I’m thinking of doing some research on the French Revolution, but I don’t know where to start.L: Maybe you can ask Professor Smith for help.J: Yes, I think I’ll do that.B( J: Janet P: Professor Smith)J: Good afternoon, Professor Smith. Could I speak to you for a minute?P: Yes, Janet.J: I’m thinking of doing some research on the French Revolution, but I don’t know where to start. I wonder if you can help me.P: Well, you can start doing some reading first. There are many good books on this period of the French History. Um, you see. I’m rushing to a faculty meeting in a few minutes. Are you free tomorrow morning?J: Yes, I don’t have any classes tomorrow morning.P: Good .Why don’t you come to my office at 10:00? We can have a good chat then.J: Thank you so much, Professor Smith.P: You’re welcome2A26.Yes, she registered for the new semester yesterday.27.No, she is not taking any business classes.28.She is taking an African music course and Intermediate Piano.29.The African music course meets three times a week and the piano course once a week.30.It meets on Monday.31.She is going to taking two basic requirement courses. They are English Composition and Basic Chinese.32.It’s a full schedule.33.She is expecting a busy semester.2B25.Cindy and Dr Brown are the two speakers in the conversation.26.Cindy is a student and Dr Brown a professor at the university.27.It was a Wednesday.28.She wanted to talk to Dr Brown about her project.29.No, he wasn’t. He had to teach the whole morning.30.He would be free between 12 and 1.31.No, she wasn’t. She had a swimming class then.32.She would be free after about 3.33.No, he had a faculty meeting from 3 till about 5.34.No, it wasn’t. He had to go to the day-care center to pick up his daughter at 5:30.35.No, Cindy wouldn’t be able to talk to Dr Brown about her project that day but they would probably be able tomeet the next day.Part DEx11 a2 c3 dWhat Are You Majoring in?M: Are you studying here?W: Yes. I’m studying in the East Asian Language Department.M: What are you majoring in?W: Japanese.M: Is it difficult to learn?W: Yes. The language is hard to learn, but it’s interesting.M: Do you know much about the country.W: Yes. I’m reading a lot of books about Japan. I like its culture. It’s quite different from ours.M: Yes, it is. And you need to understand the culture of a nation if you want to learn its language well. W: You’re right.M: You want to do business or to teach in Japan?W: I’m working in a company that does a lot of business with Japan.M: Oh, I see. Good luck, then.Unit 5 Apologies ( I )Part AEx11.it’s no trouble at all2.that’s OK3.that’s all right.4.it’s nothing5.forget it6.no problem7.please don’t worry8.never mind. I quite understand9.well, it’s happened to me, too10.Don’t think any more about thatEx2 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. dPart BConversation 1 This isn’t the first timeW: I’m afraid I have a complaint to makeM: Oh, dear. Please take a seatW: I’m sorry to say the bill you sent me was incorrectM: Incorrect, madam? That’s very strange.W: Yes. I know, and what’s more, this isn’t the first time.M: Really, madam? I find it hard to believeW: Look, it’s happened five or six times in the past three months.M: Ah, well, I must apologize, madam. It’s the new computerW: Well, don’t you think it’s about time you got it working properly? It’s most inconvenient. M: I agree entirely. I’m awfully sorry about it. I assure you it won’t happen again.Ex1 1. b 2. d 3.dEx2 1-5 TFFTTConversation 2Is there a problem?W: Excuse me.M: Yes, Can I help you?W: Well, I bought this dress in your storeM: Yes? Is there a problem?W: Yes. I wore this dress and the zipper brokeM: Oh, I’m very sorry about that.W: You see, I was at a party when this happened. It was most embarrassing.M: I do apologize, madam. We can repair that for you right away.W: Um… well, actually, I’d like my money back, please.M: Oh, you don’t want us to repair it? We can exchange it for another oneW: No, I’d really rather have my money back. It’s not my color and I don’t look good in it. M: I’m awfully sorry, madam. We can’t give your money back to you.W: But I really think that I should be able…M: Maybe you should speak to the managerW: Yes, please let me speak to the manager.Ex1 1. b 2. d 3. aEx21.he said he would have the zipper of the dress repaired right away.2.he said he would exchange the dress for a new one3.she wanted her money back4. a. the zipper of the dress was damagedb. she didn’t like the color of the dress and the dress didn’t look good on her.Part C2A1.the woman was a customer and the man, the manager of the store2.she was making a complaint. She complained that the store had sent her an incorrect bill3.no, he found it very strange4.the fact that the woman had received incorrect bills five or six times in the past three months5.yes, he did6.it was the new computer7.he promised that it wouldn’t happen againB.1. she bought a dress in the store.2. the zipper of the dress broke3. she was at the party4. she felt very embarrassed5. she wanted her money back6. no, he didn’t7. he offered to repair the dress for her or exchange it for a new one8. she didn’t like the color of the dress and she didn’t look good in it9. he told her to see the managerPart DOh, No, I’m sorryM: Mary, have you seen the new modern art exhibition yet? I heard it’s pretty interestingW: No, I haven’t been, but I have heard a lot about it. I’m looking forward to seeing it one of these days.M: So am I. Why don’t we go together this weekend? Are you free then?W: I think so… oh, no. I’m sorry. My boss asked me to work overtime on Saturday afternoon, and I think he wants me to come in on Sunday, too. We have a deadline to meet next Monday, and we don’t have enough people to do all the work.M: How about the weekend after this?W: I’d love to ,Don, but I will be out of town on business that weekend. I’m leaving for Moscow on Tuesday and I won’t be back for two weeks. I’m awfully sorry.M: Oh, it sounds like we’ll never get to the museum together. It’s too bad you are so busy.W: Why don’t we get together after I come back from Moscow?M: Yes, I’d like that. I’ll call you then.W: Please do . ByeM: ByeEx.1.she will have to work overtime this weekend2.she will be out of town on business for two weeks after this weekendUnit 6 Apologies ( II )Part AEx11.at the party2.remember Mary’s e-mail address exactlyte for class4.hand in his homework on timee round to Monica’s house.Ex21.mail2.hear from you3.you don’t like it very much4.probably5.you have more friends6.spend the summer vacation7.I can’t make it8.she needs me9.go away10.you can join me and my familyPart BW: Good morning, Mr. Sharp. I’m awfully sorry I’m lateM: You’re late every morning, Miss Smith. You were late Tuesday, yesterday… Don’t you have a watch?W: Yes, but it wasn’t my fault. I stood in the rain for an hour this morning. I waited and waited for a bus, and then when one came, it was full.M: What about yesterday and the day before yesterday?W: Well, I came by taxi yesterday and…M: And you were still late！And Tuesday?W: Tuesday I went to see the doctor and I waited for my turn for about two hours. It was terrible!M: And tomorrow, Miss Smith?Ex11. d2. c3. cEx21.three2.Tuesday; wait for her turn; two3.yesterday4.Thursday; for an hour in the rain; fullConversation 2What was the address you used?M: Hey, Sue, you promised to e-mail me the latest information yesterday. But I didn’t find any.W: oh, yes, I know, Pike. I tried to, but my e-mails kept coming back marked “undeliverable”M: well, what was the address you used?W: spike@M: oh, no,no. That was the old address. I gave you the new one on my last e-mail to you.W: oh, I’m terribly sorry about that, PikeM: That’s all right, Sue. Can you try again?W: yes, of course. Er….could you please tell me your new address again, Pike?M: It’s spike2006@W: Ok, I’ll update my address book and e-mail you right away.M: Thank you for the troubleW: No trouble at allEx11. d2. c3. bEx21-4FFFTPart C2A1.Miss Smith and Mr. Sharp are the two speakers in the conversation2.she was making an apology to Mr. Sharp because she was late for work3.he was unhappy because Miss Smith had been late several times in the week4.no, she didn’t think it was her fault5.she had to stand in the rain for an hour for the bus but when it finally came it was full6.she had to wait for her turn at the doctor’s office for about two hours7.no, he didn’t. he thought she was just making excuses2B1.she promised to e-mail him the latest information2.yes , she did3.no, her e-mail kept returning to her4.no, she didn’t5.he found out that Sue had used his old e-mail address6.yes, he had given her his new address on his last e-mail7.she forgot that Pike had changed his e-mail address and failed to update her address book8.he asked Sue to use his new address and try again9.she promised she would update her address book and send him the latest information right awayPartDM: Excuse me, Mrs. Brown. I’m trying to do some work now. I’m afraid your children are making too much noise. W: Oh, I’m sorry, Mr. Smith. But you know it’s difficult to keep boys quiet. They are in their early teens.M: But I can’t stand it any more. I couldn’t work and I couldn’t sleep at all last night. And I was also awakened by the noise they made early this morningW: I’m very, very sorry, Mr. Smith. You know they never listen to me. They are only afraid of their father. But he is away on business. I think he will be back in a couple of days.M: well, it seems I have to put up with it in the meantime. But I hope your husband can do something about it when he returns.Ex1. b2. c3. dUnit 7 Asking the Way ( I )Part AEx 11. On the chair by the bookshelf.2. Behind the door.3. Under the small table.4. In his study.5. Under the pillow.Ex 2on the sixth floor, right over there, at the moment, next to, in front of the stairs.Part BConversation 1Ex11. d2. a3. cWhere Is the Grand Theater?W Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me the way to the Grand Theater?M The Grand Theater? Let me think for a minute. Ah, yes. It’s on Market Street.W But where’s Market Street?M Go straight down this road until you come to the traffic lights. Then turn right.W That’s Market Street?M Yes. But you’ve got to go along the street for about three blocks until you see a big fountain.W Yes. And---M And the Theater is behind the fountain.W I see. Go straight to the traffic lights, then turn right to Market Street, walk three blocks and the Theater is behind a fountain.M You’ve got it.W Thanks a lot.M You’re welcome. Have a good day.W You, too.Conversation 2Ex11. d2. c3. aExcuse Me, I’m Looking for…W Excuse me. I’m looking for the Media Megastore.M Yes, it’s on the corner of Fifth Avenue and FairviewW Ok, Fifth Avenue and Fairview Street. Could you tell me how to get there? M Sure. We’re on First Street. So, go down this one block to Fairview.W Ok. That’s one block to Fairview.M Uh-huh. Then take a left and walk four blocks to Fifth.W I see. A left and it’s four blocks to Fifth. Ok.M And you’ll see it on the rightW On the right? On the corner?M That’s right. You can’t miss it.W Great！Thank you very much.M Sure. No problem.。

⼤学体验英语听说教程第⼀单元听⼒原⽂第⼀单元听⼒原⽂Warm up1. Jack: Hey, guys, what's up?Lucy: Oh, nothing much.2. Hugh: Hi, Marci. How are you doing?Marci: Oh, you know. Pretty good. How about you?3. Suzie: Hi, Alan. Long time no see.Alan: Hey, what a surprise. Good to see you.4. Tony: Hello, I'm Tony Martin.Claire: Oh, you're Tony. I'm glad you're here.5. Alex: Hi, Jeff. How's it going?Jeff: Not bad … not bad at all.6. Don: It's nice to see you again, Sue.Sue: It's good to see you, too, Don.Listening task1. Mark: Hey, Tony, what's up?Tony: Not a whole lot.Mark: How's the job going?Tony: Ah, it's going fine.Mark: That's good.Tony: Yep.Mark: Well, got to go.Tony: Yeah, me too. Back to work.Mark: Yep.Tony: Well, see you.2. Dan: Hey. How are you?Jess: Pretty good. What's going on?Dan: Not much. You know, just shopping, walking around. Hey, who's your friend? Jess: Oh, sorry. This is Tanya. Tanya, this is Dan.Tanya: Hi, Dan.Dan: Hi. Nice to meet you.3. Lisa: Hi, Cara.Cara: Hi, Lisa. How are you doing?Lisa: Fine. How about you?Cara: Pretty good.Lisa: How's your math class going?Cara: Oh, it's kind of hard, but I like it.A lot of homework.Lisa: Yeah, homework. Well, keep at it.Cara: I'll try to.Lisa: See you.Cara: Bye.4. Craig: Good morning.Todd: Morning.Craig: How are you doing these days?Todd: Great, great. We're really busy at the office.Craig: Oh, yeah?Todd: Yeah. Just got a big new account.Craig: Well, that's good. Well, take it easy.Todd: Thanks, have a good one.5. Jerry: Hi! Anybody home?Amy: Oh, hi! You're home. I'm so happy to see you.Jerry: Yeah, I'm a little tired. It was a long flight.Amy: But you're back.Jerry: Hey, guys. I'm home.6. Rob: Hi, I'm Rob Martin from Jiffee Plastics.Donna: Hi, Rob. Donna Schneider.Rob: Nice to meet you.Donna: Yes, uh, Rob, I'd like to introduce you to Janet Ramiro. She's our project manager. Janet: Nice to meet you. Is it Rob?Rob: Yes, that's right.Real world listeningPart 1. Tomas talks to Eddie.Tomas: Hey, Eddie! How's it going?Eddie: Not bad. How are you doing?Tomas: Pretty good.Eddie: So how was your summer?Tomas: Mm, it was all right.Eddie: Cool.Tomas: Hey, where are you living this year?Eddie: Oh, I got an apartment with some friends.Tomas: Nice.Eddie: What about you? Where you living?Tomas: Eh, I'm in the dorms again.Eddie: Dorms. That's not too bad.Tomas: No, it works.Part 2. Tomas talks to Yuki.Tomas: Hey, how's it going?Yuki: Oh, hey. You're in this class too?Tomas: Yeah.Yuki: Do you think it's going to be hard?Tomas: Hmm. I don't know. I hope not.Yuki: Yeah, me too.Tomas: So …Yuki: Oh, here he comes.Tomas: Who?Yuki: The teacher.Tomas: Oh, well, talk to you later, OK?Part 3. Tomas talks to Dr. Collins.Tomas: Um, Dr. Collins?Dr. Collins: Yes? Can I help you with something? Tomas: Um, yes. Um, is there, um.Do you have room in your psychology class?Dr. Collins: Hmm. Psychology. Which class?Tomas: The one on Monday and Wednesday. Ten to eleven. Dr. Collins: Psychology 103. Hmm.Yes, I think I have room in that one. You're in luck. Tomas: Oh, great. I want to add the class. Can you sign this? Dr. Collins: Sure. There you go.Tomas: Thanks, Dr. Collins.Dr. Collins: You're welcome. I'll see you on Wednesday. Video 1Rachel: Excuse me. Are you Dr. Wang?Dr. Wang: Yes, I am. Can I help you?Rachel: Yes! We've just signed up for your philosophy course.My name is Rachel. And this is my friend Phil.Dr. Wang: It is very nice to meet you both.Phil: We are really looking forward to taking your course.So too is our friend Cindy, who should be here any minute.(Cindy arrives)Cindy: Hello everyone!Dr. Wang: Good afternoon.I am Dr. Wang, and you must be Cindy?Cindy: Yes! How did you know?Dr. Wang: Your friends were just beginning to tell mehow you will all be studying philosophy with me.Cindy: Indeed! And we are very excited about it!Dr. Wang: Great! I hope my course lives up to your expectationsand I look forward to seeing you on Tuesday in Lecture Hall 3.We are beginning with Plato.Be sure to arrive with some interesting questions!Video 2(Jack's phone rings. Mary answers)Jack: HelloMary: Hi Jack, it's Mary.Jack: Mary, my old friend, what a nice surprise!How are you?Mary: I am doing really well, thanks.I thought I'd call because I haven't seen or heard from you in ages! How have you been?Jack: Great, thanks. Yes, it has been a while.Too long in fact!Mary: I agree, we need to catch up —I was wondering if you would like to meet up for a drink or a meal? Jack: I would love to do both, but my schedule is pretty busy. When were you thinking?Mary: Tomorrow evening?Jack: Unfortunately that won't work;I have plans to catch a movie with my sister.How about Sunday, at 7pm?Mary: Yeah, Sunday at 7pm is perfect.Let's meet at the Pizza House next to the entrance to Lakeview Park. Jack: Great idea! Thanks Mary, see you soon.Mary: See you, Jack.。

Scripts for Unit OneListening Task 1The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometimes around the fourth grade, my “big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who’d been visiting us said to me, “What’s wrong with you? Why don’t the other children want to play with you?”I remember being startled and confused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something with me. Nor had it occurrred to me that they didn’t “want to play with”me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Listening Task 2The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I am regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “blac k”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was living in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different – and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzarland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss – Neger – dirty nigger!” I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like this? I felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life.Scripts for Unit TwoListening Task 1Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes hime the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe – everybody’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody’s playing the game.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it’s the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle of football, the World Cup, was rife with cheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot. French player Henry denied cheating to win the free-kick which led to his side’s second goal in their 3-1 victory over Spain. Whatever the nationality there’s one common strategy: the player rolls over holding his leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card or free-kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened!Of course it’s not just the footballers. In 1998 the Tour of France, the world’s greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug-taking scandal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cycling tour to be abandoned. One rider was banned for nine months.Listening Task 2A climate of mistrust surrounds everyone.In the field of business, Enron, America’s seventh largest company, could serve as an unfortunate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousands of people to lose their jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier than it really was. One boss now faces the rest of life in prison.Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to the counterfeit trade. From cut-price CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.So perhaps it’s not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers. In a third case, pupils admitted to candidate substitution. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn’t help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can’t complain when we’re setting such a bad example.Unit 3 LifestyleListening task 1When she has young children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things –room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. often, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type”chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! The worst thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “no”. The reason the stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I’m dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up whn I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don’t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I’m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn’t have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get up and don’t feel like working I don’t.Listening task 2I took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot of binge drinking. When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That’s when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox and treatment were hard, but I was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I’ve been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.Unit Four FamilyListening Task OneThe traditional American family is a “nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children. In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in Amercan homes. Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.Even so, there is stll reason for hope. Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families. Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.The United Naitions has declared 1994 the “International Year of Family”. Not just in America, but all over the world, people recognize the importance of a strong family bond.Listening Task TwoWomen are beginning to rise steadily to the top in the workplace all over the developed world, but in the US they are forging ahead. New figures show that in almost a third of American households with a working wife, the woman brings home more money than her husband. They are gaining more college degrees and Masters of Business Administration qualifications than men and now occupy half the country’s high-paying, executive administrative and managerial occupations,compared with 34 per cent 20 years ago.The trend is caused by two main factors, experts say – a growing acceptance of men as househusbands and mass redundancy of male white-collar workers from the technology, finance and media industries in the last three years.The University of Maryland has produced a report that shows women to be the family’s bread-earner-in-chief in 11 per cent of all US marriages. And where bothe spouses work, she now brings in 60 per cent or more of the family income in 30.4 per cent of the households.An economist at the University of Wisconsin said that ambitious women are increasingly looking for househusbands and leave men at the kitchen sink.Unit Five Health and DietListening Task 1I had just turned 40, and has spent most of my adult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook. But a few years ago I made a resolution to start writing down the recipes I had grown up with and posting them to my website. I come from a big family – six kids – and thought what a terrific family project to document our family recipes! Both my mother and father are excellent home cooks; mom raises us all, and dad loves to eat well and enjoys the experimentation of trying out new recipes. I’m spending a lot of time with my parents lately; we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to prepare the dishes, and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort.Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we’ve collected over 30 years. But sometimes it’s hard when you only have a clipping. The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things from cans or prepared foods. We believe in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream, eggs, and protein from meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my name is Alice Bauer and I am a partner in a consulting firm in the San Francisco Bay Area. I maintain several weblogs in addition to Simply Recipes as part of .Thanks so much for visiting Simply Recipes!Listening Task 2One of my most favorite breakfast is a poached egg on toast, with a side of papaya and lime, including some prosciutto with the papaya. Papaya is filled with enzymes that help digestion, and is even used to tenderize meat. The ingredients you need include: 1 firm but ripe papaya, 2 ounces of thinly sliced prosciutto, and 1/2 lime, cut and sliced into a few wedges. Now let’s go!First, using a vegetable peeler, peel away the outer skin of the papaya. Then cut the papaya in half. Using a metal spoon, scoop out and discard the seeds. By the way, the seeds are edible. They taste peppery, like nasturtium flowers, and can be used in salads. Next, slice the papaya halves into wedges lengthwise. Arrange them on a plate. Now what you need to do is to roll up thin sheets of prosciutto and place them between the papaya wedges. Remember the last thing, squeeze fresh limejuice over the papaya and prosciutto.If you would like to serve the papaya as an appetizer, cut the papaya into 1-inch pieces, sprinkle on some lime juice, wrap each piece with some prosciutto, and secure with a tooth pick. It serves 2-4.Unit Six TravelListening Task 1I was spending my summer in a remote village in Ghana. I got afflicted with “the runny stomach”,as the family I lived with called it. After 5 days of the runny stomach, we left the village and took a 12-hour car ride to the capital city. Needless to say, 12-hour car rides and runny stomachs aren’t compatible. Once we had to stop in a village, greet the 20 or so people that were there, give a detailed explanation of my condition, and then I was allowed to use a brand-new porcelain toilet. I was very embarrassed because they had someone clean the toilet and stand outside while I did my noisy business. Through a crack in the bathroom wall I could hear some kids washing the dishes. I was splendid entertainment for the kids. Each time I let out some gas, I heard squeals of delight and hysterical laughter. They also muttered about “runny stomach”. But the highlight of my sickness had to be the wedding we attended in the capital. There I was greeted by countless guests. They asked about the details of my stomach condition. On my 8th day of sickness, we went to a private hospital and for the next two weeks I took lots of prescribed antibiotics and drank bottles of oral rehydration salts. My condition began improving in about two days. Much to my disappointment, the stool and blood samples came back negative, so my condition was a result of a change of diet. Needless to say, I learned not to be shy about stomach conditions.Listening Task 2When he realized that his short-term memory was failing, my husband decided to wear a multi-pocketed vest. The vest, with its 17 pockets each serving a purpose, did work for a while. Things were going so well that he started to relax a little and one day he turned back to his traditional pants-pocket wallet.Just seconds after boarding the crowded Rome subway, a pickpocket was attracted by the familiar bulge. My husband stared at him for a moment. Finally the would-be thief withdrew and joined the crowd.My partner became more careful, and the next time he was better organized, all the essentials in their assigned pockets. We had checked in for our flight to Athens. Before boarding I casually asked where his Swiss army knife was. His hand immediately went to the pocket designated for the knife, and found it safe there. Then his face fell: safe, that is , for anything but air travel. Realizing that his precious knife would be taken away at security, he returned to the check-in counter. Fortunately, the frowning attendant agreed to pack his knife in a little box and check it separately.By the time we got to Athens at midnight we were both exhausted. Our luggage emerged and all the other passengers were gone. My husband was still watching the carousel going round and round and round. Finally, he went to find a baggage handler and a half hour later reappeared triumphantly with his knife.Unit Seven LanguageListening Task 1Jessica Bucknam shouts “tiao!” and her fourth-grade students jump. “Dun!” she commands, and they crouch. They giggle as the commands keep coming in Mandarin Chinese. Most of the kids have studied Chinese since they were in kindergarten.They are part of a Chinese-immersion program at Woodstock Elementary School, in Portland, Oregon. Bucknam, who is from China, introduces her students to approximately 150 new Chinese characters each year. Students read stories, sing songs and learn math and science, all in Chinese. Half of the students at the school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese in middle and high school. The goal: to speak like natives.About 24,000 American students are currently learning Chinese. Most are in high school. But the number of younger students is growing in response to China’s emergence as a global superpower. The U.S government is helping to pay for language instruction. Recently, the Defense Department gave Oregon schools $700,000 for classes like Bucknam’s. The Senate is considering giving $1.3 billion for Chinese classes in public schools.“China has become a stong partner of the United States,”says Mary Patterson, Woodstock’s principal. “Children who learn Chinese at a young age will have more opportunities for jobs in the future.” Isabel Weiss, 9, isn't thinking about the future. She thinks learning Chinese is fun. “When you hear people speaking in Chinese, you know what they’re saying,” she says. “And they don’t know that you know.”Want to learn Chinese? You have to memorize 3,500 characters to really know it all! Start with these Chinese characters and their pronunciations.Listening Task 2An idiom is an expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definitions and the arrangement of its parts, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through conventional use. In the English expression to kick the bucket, a listener knowing only the meaning of kick and bucket would be unable to deduce the expression’s actual meaning, which is to die. Although kick the bucket can refer literally to the act of striking a bucket with a foot, native speakers rarely use it that way.Idioms hence tend to confuse those not already familiar with them; students of a new language must learn its idiomatic expressions the way they learn its other vocabulary. In fact many natural language words have idiomatic origins, but have been sufficiently assimilated so that their figurative senses have been lost.Interestingly, many Chinese characters are likewise idiomatic constructs, as their meanings are more often not traceable to a literal meaning of their assembled parts, or radicals. Because all characters are composed from a relatively small base of about 214 radicals, their assembled meanings follow several different modes of interpretation –from the pictographic to the metaphorical to those whose original meaning has been lost in history.Real world listeningQ: Why are some idioms so difficult to be understood outside of the local culture?A: Idioms are, in essence, often colloquial metaphors –terms which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference. As cultures are typically localized, idioms are more often not useful for communication outside of that local context.Q: Are all idioms translatable across languages?A: Not all idioms are translatable. But the most common idioms can have deep roots, traceable across many languages. To have blood on one’s hands is a familiar example, whose meaning is obvious. These idioms can be more universally used than others, and they can be easily translated, or their metaphorical meaning can be more easily deduced. Many have translations in other languages, and tend to become international.Q: How are idioms different from others in vocabulary?A: First, the meaning of an idiom is not a straightforward composition of the meaning of its parts. For example, the meaning of kick the bucket has nothing to do with kicking buckets. Second,one cannot substitute a word in an idiom with a related word. For example, we can not say kick the pail instead of kick the bucket although bucket and pail are synonyms. Third, one can not modify an idiom or apply syntactic transformations. For example, John kicked the green bucket or the bucket was kicked has nothing to do with dying.Unit 8 ExaminationListening Task 1At first, fifth-grader Edward Lynch didn’t pay much attention to his teacher’s warnings about the big tests the class would take at the end of the school year. But two weeks before North Carolina’s first-ever elementary-promotion exams, Edward says he’s scared. He’s a B student but an erratic test taker. “The other night I had a dream my books were squishing me and pencils were stabbing me,”says the 11-year-old. His classmate West Bullock says, “I have friends who throw up the night before tests.” Their teacher, Kelly Allen, worries that half of her 21 students are at risk of failing next week’s multiple-choice tests on math and reading. If they fail, they won’t be able to graduate to middle school.In 1996 the state of North Carolina launched its ABCs testing program, a carrot-and-stick approach that holds schools responsible for their students’ educational progress. Over the next four years, scores on statewide tests rose 14%. But critics of the program say the cost has been high, in ways that range from stomachaches to insomnia and depression.Schools, also, are sacrificing important lessons in science, social studies and foreign languages to focus on concepts that will be tested. Thus the harmful practices such as retention in grade and tracking are encouraged. High school biology students no longer dissect frogs. A history teacher doesn’t assign research papers because they don’t help him prepare students for state-mandated tests. Lisa, a mother of a struggling fifth-grader said. “If they have kids with straight A’s, they think it’s fine, but I think there’s too much pressure with this pass-fail system.”She views the accountability system as a social experiment whose outcome is not yet known.Listening Task 2No one wants to be tested. We would all like to get a driver’s license without answering questions about right of way or showing that we can parallel park a car. Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam.But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us – most of the time – from inept drivers, hazardous products and shoddy professionals. In schools too, exams play a constructive role. They tell teachers what their students have learned – and have not. They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age. They encourage students to exert more effort.Therefore, formal testing has its place in the overall scope of education. The test data can be very useful in making decisions for the upcoming school year as well as for long term planning. Besides, the parents need accountability to themselves. Welcome the opportunity to discover their child’s strengths and weaknesses and to ascertain needs that should be addressed or pieces that are missing in the student’s academic training.However, all tests have a margin of error. Several factors will affect tests scores, including rapport established with examiner, health of students, lack of sleep the night before, temperature of testing room, attention span, and many other variables. In other words, don’t fall apart if the scores aren’t what you think they should have been. They are just test scores and tests are not infallible.。