汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]

中口笔译B2A二十大技巧案例与练习英汉技巧一：高屋建瓴“揽全局”主要是指翻译首先要分清英文主从句，一般先处理插入成分或从句，之后再处理主句。

处理英文细节时要高屋建瓴、宏观把握，不拘泥于一字一词。

行文需要注意中文特有的节奏感，不能拖沓冗长，要按照中文来龙去脉、由远及近的叙事原则组织行文。

实例练习1：The stunning rise of Apple, whose late boss, Steve Jobs, made a fetish of design, has no doubt influenced Google’s thinking since then. The shift towards mobile computing has also forced it to take design more seriously. “There’s an emotional reaction with a personalised mobile devic e that you don’t get with a mouse and a keyboard,”explains Jon Wiley, a search designer who is part of an initiative to revamp Google’s design philosophy that was launched by Larry Page when he became chief executive in 2011.实例练习2：For any outsiders still doubting the reality of reform in Myanmar - for decades one of the region's most isolated nations - Aung San Suu Kyi's flight this week from Yangon toBangkok in neighbouring Thailand should be seen as a historic sign that significant change is indeed underway.It is a brief flight - a little over an hour - yet by taking it, the once-repressed icon of Myanmese freedom will travel light years from her former days under house arrest in her rambling mansion, cut off from her two sons and her husband, not to mention the outside world.课下练习1：Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond caved in to heavypolitical pressure and resigned yesterday, a day after the British bank's chairman quit in a move that had suggested Diamond might hang on to his job.Diamond's departure was in turn followed a few hours later by that of the bank's chief operating officer, Jerry del Missier. Diamond and Del Missier, who only took up his new job last month, were both previously senior figures at the firm's investment banking arm Barclays Capital. Chairman Marcus Agius is now expected to leave only after leading the search for a new chief executive to replace Diamond, whose resignation comes after 18 months in the post.The three resignations come amid a deepening disputeabout whether the Bank of England pushed the lender to submit artificially low interbank lending rates during the financial crisis.课下练习2：Ruebush deplores the current fetish for the hundreds of antibacterial products that convey a false sense of security and may actually foster the development of antibiotic-resistant, disease-causing bacteria. Plain soap and water are all that are needed to become clean, she noted.英汉技巧二：行文提倡“四、六、八”主要是指英译中行文务求简洁、流畅、自然，而简洁的最佳办法就是采用四字句、六字句或八字句，增强行文张力时也是如此，采用四、六、八字句构成同义重复，这是中文的一大特点。

第三课1.China has joined the multilateral group controlling the export of nuclear materials and technology in an important step to bring its policies on proliferation in line with those of Western powers.2.Beijing, China's capital, has become the latest of several industrial centres to fall victim to electricity shortages, with authorities preparing to impose rolling blackouts on some 6,400 factories from yesterday until the end of August.3.The rate of increase in China's car sales slowed dramatically in June, sending the market into potentially more perilous territory for the local and multinational manufacturers that have recently committed more than $l0 billion to new capacity in the country.4.Chinese industrial output growth rebounded in August after months of decline, challenging hopes that the government is successfully engineering a smooth economic "soft landing" and fuelling speculation that Beijing will soon order an interest rate rise.5.Despite this backwardness (in the communications) -or perhaps because of it-China hopes to leapfrog into the digital era by bypassing many of the costly transitional technologies that industrial nations are now seeking to replace with moreadvanced digital systems.6.Today's teachers know they have to make lessons fast-moving and entertaining for children raised on television and computer games.7.China's fixed-asset investment in October was up 26.4 percent from a year earlier, down from the previous month but at a level analysts said was still high enough for Beijing to keep a tight grip on credit.8.In March, the US filed its first WTO complaint against Beijing, over what the US says is a discriminatory tax on semiconductors. With the EU about to follow the same path, China could soon be embroiled in trade disputes with two of its biggest trading partners and investors.第三课1．中国加入了控制核材料和技术出口的多国集团。

第4章篇章翻译4.1 语篇衔接⊙指称衔接Ⅰ.人称照应1. You must remember, my dear mother that I have never considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, I confess; but they are fainter than they were, and they may soon be entirely done away...【译文】您应该记住，我的好妈妈，我从来没有把事情看得一定如此。

我承认我有疑虑，但是不像以前那么重了，也许很快就会彻底打消……2. In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.【译文】此外，英语还是贸易语言，并取代了原来法语和德语的位置而成为许多国家的第二语言。

【解析】译文明确了照应对象，保留了英文中的照应方式。

3. Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credit. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bills, invoicing him monthly andcharging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profits come from the high rate of interest charged, the card-holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.【译文】信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品，得到服务。

笔译词汇应试题及答案1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文，并给出相应的英文解释。

- 一带一路- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 碳中和2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文，并给出相应的中文解释。

- Artificial Intelligence- Green Economy- Cultural Heritage- Globalization3. 请解释以下专业术语，并给出相应的英文翻译。

- 供给侧结构性改革- 共享经济- 绿色发展- 网络安全答案1.- 一带一路：Belt and Road Initiative，指的是中国提出的“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的合作倡议。

- 可持续发展：Sustainable Development，指在满足当前需求的同时，不损害后代满足其需求的能力。

- 人工智能：Artificial Intelligence，指由人制造出来的系统所表现出来的智能。

- 碳中和：Carbon Neutrality，指通过种植森林吸收二氧化碳或采用其他方式抵消产生的二氧化碳排放量，实现净零排放。

2.- Artificial Intelligence：人工智能，由人制造出来的系统所表现出来的智能。

- Green Economy：绿色经济，指以可持续性为目标的经济体系。

- Cultural Heritage：文化遗产，指由人类创造的具有历史、文化、科学或艺术价值的遗产。

- Globalization：全球化，指全球范围内的社会、经济和文化联系的加强。

3.- 供给侧结构性改革：Supply-Side Structural Reform，指的是通过优化供给侧结构，提高供给质量和效率的改革措施。

- 共享经济：Sharing Economy，指的是通过互联网平台，将闲置资源进行共享和再利用的经济模式。

- 绿色发展：Green Development，指的是在发展过程中注重环境保护和资源节约，实现经济发展与生态环境的和谐。

目　录第一章　词法翻译第一节　对等翻译第二节　增词翻译第三节　减词翻译第四节　合并翻译第五节　转性译法第六节　名词的抽象和具体译法第七节　数字和倍数的翻译第八节　成语的英译第九节　修辞格的翻译第二章　句法翻译第一节　换序和转态第二节　断句和合句译法第三节　长句的译法第四节　正说与反说第三章　语篇与翻译第一节　衔接第二节　连贯第四章　文体与翻译第一节　实用文体翻译第二节　文学文体翻译第一章　词法翻译第一节　对等翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。

1. ①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①letter of application②report③agreement④grade report⑤sales confirmation⑥white book⑦a letter from home2. ①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①case history form②resume③timetable④schedule⑤price list3. ①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letter of recommendation②certificate③an oral message4. ①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①name list②menu③bill④policy⑤subscription form⑥account note⑦ticket5. ①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①quality of writing②art of leadership③standard of living④level of development⑤work performance⑥degree of openness6. 身体好，学习好，工作好。

【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.7. ①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①to manage economic affairs within a framework②economic globalization③to build a knowledge-driven society④the practice of democracy in international relations⑤to build an information-based national economy⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production8. ①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①a swarm of bees②a brood of chickens③a litter of pups9. ①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①a bevy of beautiful ladies②a pack of hounds③a team of ducks④a herd of antelopes10. ①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailing support②proactive fiscal policy③make effective use of overseas resources11. ①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basic wage②capital construction③essential commodity④primary industry⑤fundamental interest12. ①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①a big city②a heavy rain③a high aim④an important person⑤general principle13. ①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①a veteran②a senior leader③a master craftsman④overgrown celery14. ①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①to make a phone call②to take a taxi③to knit a woolen sweater④to fetch water⑤to play basketball⑥to spray insecticide15. ①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①to uphold unity②to uphold independence and sovereignty③to defend national honor④to defend state sovereignty⑤to safeguard the people’s interests⑥to safeguard self-respect⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security16. ①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行协商⑦进行核试验【译文】①to carry out socialist revolution②to carry on a spirited debate③to make an on-the-spot investigation④to have a cordial conversation⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with⑥to conduct a nuclear test17. 严格训练、严格要求。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试初级翻译技巧试题课程代码：06009一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的三个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．Chou En-lai was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them．( )A．周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，还有些腼腆。

B．周恩来举止优雅，学识渊博，在招呼客人坐下，询问可否帮忙的时候，还有些害羞。

C．周恩来言语不多，平易近人，在招呼客人坐下，询问有何见教的时候，还有些腼腆。

2．“readability ”一词在翻译实践中可被解读为( )A．读起来上口B．内容言之有物C．为了忠实，译文的词句越接近原文越好3．英语为避免重复，最常见的办法是使用( )A．代词B．从句C．分句4．译者须积累丰富的背景知识。

“the Blue Nile”应译为( )A．蓝尼罗河B．青尼罗河C．忧郁的尼罗河5．如今,能为他的这本散文集子做序，我觉得很荣幸。

( )A．To be asked to write a preface to his collection of essays is a great honor．B．I find it a great honor to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays．C．I find it a great honor to be asked to write his collection of essays a preface．6．她是春天没了丈夫的；他本来也以打柴为生，比她小十岁。

第1章词汇翻译一、翻译下面的句子，注意所选用词的感情色彩。

1.①As luck would have it,no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.②As luck would have it,there was rain on the day of the picnic.【译文】①幸运的是，爆炸发生时，没人在建筑物里。

②不凑巧的是，野餐那天下雨了。

2.①One player in particular deserves a mention.②He deserves to be locked up forever for what he did.【译文】①一名运动员特别值得表扬。

②他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。

3.①Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.②That athlete tried to relive his glory days.【译文】①凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。

4.①The bell is not working.②Your idea won’t work in practice.③Professor White is at work on a new book.【译文】①铃不响了。

②你的想法实际上行不通。

③怀特教授正在写一本新书。

5.①Our plan succeeded.②The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make lifedifficult for his agency colleagues.However,he has a job to do.Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to “die”soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company.【译文】①我们的计划成功了。

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。

《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题（科技翻译）【圣才出品】第12单元常⽤⽂体翻译（科技翻译）12.1 复习笔记⼀、科技⽂体的范畴科技英语（English for science and technology）现在已经成为⼀种独⽴的⽂体。

包括：（1）科技著述、科技论⽂和报告、实验报告和⽅案；（2）各类科技情报和⽂字资料；（3）科技实⽤⼿册；（4）有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的⽤语；（5）有关科技的影⽚、录像等有声资料的解说词。

⼆、科技英语的特点科技⽂体严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，⾏⽂简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化。

1. 多名词化结构汉语使⽤动词较多，⽽英语中的名词使⽤率较⾼。

例：Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.【译⽂】插⼊⼀个楔⼦就能纠正这个⽑病。

【分析】rectification of this fault和insertion of a wedge系名词化结构，在汉译时，转化成了动词结构。

2. ⼴泛使⽤被动态科技⽂章在语⽓上⽐较正式，体现科学研究的客观性，⽽且将主要信息前置，放在主语部分，所以科技⽂体中被动语态的使⽤率⾼。

翻译时最好也是翻译成⽆主语结构或被动意义的句⼦。

例：A visicorder is provided to record current and voltage waveforms.【译⽂】此可显⽰记录器⽤来记录电流和电压波形。

3. 多⽤⼀般现在时⼀般现在时可以较好地表现⽂章内容的⽆时间性，⽤在科技⽂中可使⽂章内容显得更客观准确。

翻译时也应突出这种“⽆时间性”的特征。

例：Injection molding involves injecting molten plastic into a mold. Only a small amount of recycled plastic is used in this process, because it is poor in quality and would reduce the product’s strength.【译⽂】塑料注射成型法要求把熔融塑料注⼊模具。

浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试初级翻译技巧试题课程代码：06009一、单项选择题(在每小题的三个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题3分，共30分)1.关于直译与意译的使用，以下不正确的说法是( )。

A.能直译则直译，不能直译则意译B.直译与意译并无本质的分歧，好的译文既是直译又是意译C.必须坚持意译为主，直译为辅的原则2.以下哪一部佛经不是释道安的译作？( )A.《四阿含》B.《阿毗昙》C.《妙法莲华经》3.“大陆架”的英语对应表达应为( )。

A. land shelvesB. continent shelvesC. continental shelves4.以下“科教兴国”的英译文中，最为贴切的是( )。

A. rejuvenating China through science and educationB. strengthening China by science and educationC. prospering China on science and education5.“可持续发展”的英文对应表达是( )。

A. sustained developmentB. continuable developmentC. sustainable development6.关于法律文书的翻译，以下正确的说法是( )。

A.法律翻译的根本要求是严密，在严密与流畅之间有矛盾时，应牺牲流畅B.为体现法律的严密性，法律文书应允许同时有多个译本存在C.法律翻译的操作特点与文学翻译并无两样7.“注册资本”的英文对应表达应为( )。

A. registration capitalB. registering capitalC. registered capital8.关于英汉语代词与实体词的顺序问题，以下正确的描述为( )。

A.英语往往先出代词，随后才出实体词B.汉语往往先出代词，随后才出实体词C.两种语言的顺序一样，都是先出实体词，再出代词9.“推广普通话”中的“推广”，以下最佳译文应为( )。

翻译技巧提炼：一、翻译标准：通顺、达意、准确好的翻译：语言精练，意思准确，符合译语习惯；举例：广告词和歌词翻译差的翻译：逐字翻译，各种翻译腔二、翻译方法：直译与意译结合直译≠死译，逐字译意译≠随意译三、翻译策略：拆分与组合四、词的译法一词多义及词的引申义转性增减换形具体←→抽象五、句法翻译换序断句转态正反一、翻译标准：信、达、雅；准确、通顺、完整1.翻译赏析1.1歌词Someone like you -AdeleI heard, that your settled down. 已闻君，诸事安康。

That you, found a girl and you're married now.遇佳人，不久婚嫁。

I heard that your dreams came true. 已闻君，得偿所愿。

Guess she gave you things, I didn’t give to you. 料得是，卿识君望。

Old friend, why are you so shy?旧日知己，何故张皇？It ain’t like you to hold back or hide from the lie.遮遮掩掩，欲盖弥彰。

I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited.客有不速，实非我所想。

But I couldn’t stay away, I couldn’t fight it. 避之不得，遑论与相抗。

I’d hoped you’d see my face and that you’d be reminded, 异日偶遇，识得依稀颜。

That for me, it isn’t over.再无所求，涕零而泪下。

Never mind, I’ll find someone like you. 毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。

I wish nothing but the best, for you too. 抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。