大学英语四级翻译讲义(上)
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第一讲虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下:1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time…的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1.在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。
注:如果上述动词作其他意思解释,或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实,要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案:we hand in our research report(s)2.在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
大学英语四级翻译基础阶段讲义提要翻译?经典翻译案例赏析尴尬的翻译思考判断一下?尝试一下?题目演练 1翻译技巧总结 1翻译做题步骤题目演练 2“是”的翻译技巧改变一下?名句欣赏多动句解题方法无主句解题方法经典案例赏析无主句翻译技巧总结 2一、修饰后置二、多动句三、无主句翻译?Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.—— Columbia Encyclopedia 翻译本身一种错误?Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl,the more beautiful,the more unfaithful. Translation is the art of failure.四级翻译评分标准大师如何说翻译?译事三难:信、达、雅。
——严复The standard of true;The standard fluent;The standard of beauty.——林语堂经典翻译案例赏析use for delight is in privatene ss and retiring;for ornamentꎬ is in discourse;and for abilityꎬ is in the judgmentꎬ and disposition of business.—— Francis Bacon 读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。
其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于高谈阔论之中,其长才也,最见于处事判事之际。
王佐良译Able was I ere I saw Elba.我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。
在我看到 Elba 岛之前,我曾所向无敌。
不到俄岛我不倒。
四级翻译讲义大学英语四级翻译讲义英语翻译三步曲第一:找主干第二:定时态第三:加修饰第一、找主干什么是句子的主干?――主要成份第二、定时态如何确定时态?找信号词A一般现在时信号词:现在、是、总是、给谓语构成:be动词(am/is are)动词原形(do/does)B 一般过去时信号词:过去某个具体时间点(从前、早在、在2011年,朝代)相传,据说谓语构成:be(was,were)或者didC.现在完成时信号词:(副词)到目前为止,已经,自从,在近……以来,早就(助词)了,过,结构:have/ has + done (动词的过去分词)表示完成时的时间状语标志D.一般将来时信号词:将来、会、可以…谓语构成:will (be going to)+doE 现在进行时信号词:正在、此时此刻、(助词)正……着谓语构成:be(am/is are)+doingF.情态动词结构:should/may/can/could/must等+do信号词:将,可能,也许时间状语一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶。
(1312四)An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期间,茶馆遍布全国。
(1312四)During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country.几个世纪以来,西湖一直以其秀美风景而闻名于世。
For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery.地点状语“中国结”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味着爱情,婚姻和团聚。
(1312四)Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡. (1312四)Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains, meat and vegetables.方式状语中国应进一步发展核能. (1406四)China should further develop the nuclear energy.食物对健康至关重要.(1312四)Food is crucially important to health.阅读对于中小学生尤为重要.(1406四)Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的状语为了,针对,以用to do 形式为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除(样题)。
大学英语四级翻译讲义自2013年12月起,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整,其中取消了原题型中的综合部分,并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英,占考试比例的15%。
新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等,长度为140-160个汉字。
主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧,在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完,译文要求忠实原文,语言表达通顺流畅。
一、翻译的标准:信、达、雅1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然二、翻译三部曲:1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子,确定语法成分和句型。
考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语,而是要首先阅读整个段落,确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。
确定语法成分以后,考生要有意识地审查时态,要特别注意句中的时间状语,并对照段落的时态。
在翻译中常见时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。
此外,还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目,避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。
例如:中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
分析:前半句话应该用一般现在时,而后半句则应该用一般过去时,因为讲的明清时代的事情。
汉语中一般会省略主语,在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。
再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同,因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。
译文:Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than1,500years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨,保证拼写无误经过仔细的斟酌以后,真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多,但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题,因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。
四级翻译讲义大学英语四级之翻译出题形式《关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明》原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。
--全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2013年8月14日翻译?Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.—— Columbia Encyclopedia 大师如何说翻译?译事三难:信、达、雅。
--严复The standard of true;The standard fluent;The standard of beauty.--林语堂四六级翻译评分标准翻译本天成,妙手偶得之It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了。
(余立三译)那是一批卓越的人——因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树獭的人留在了家乡。
(杨莉藜译)这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为那些行动迟缓、头脑迟钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树獭的人留在了家乡。
(章和升译)(出来的) 这帮人个个出类拔萃——因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。
(马红军译)翻译本天成,妙手偶得之Never mind, I'll find someone like you.毋须烦恼,终有弱水替沧海。
I wish nothing but the best, for you too.抛却纠缠,再把相思寄巫山。
--Adele Adkins Someone like you一、修饰后置我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。
The Dragon Boat Festival is a day in memory of the ancient poet Quyuan.“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。
The knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.欣赏欣赏寻寻觅觅冷冷清清凄凄惨惨戚戚乍暖还寒时候最难将息I look for what I miss,I know not what it is,I feel so sad, so drear, so lonely, without cheer, How hard is itTo keep me fitin this lingering cold~ ——许渊冲一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
Some students who have transferred to schools in cities for better education are now back to their local schools.对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说,高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。
For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈,这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。
The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that the chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。
The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world, which is often given as a present to foreign friends.中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years, which was particularly widespread during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。
有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。
Chinese educators have realized the significance of reading to our country for a long time, some ofwho suggested setting up the National Reading Day in 2003.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。
China is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. Many elements that construct the foundation of the modern world originate in China.China is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world, where many elements that construct the foundation of the modern world originate in(were from).我爱你青松气质,我爱你红梅品格。
我爱你家乡的甜庶,好像乳汁滋润着我的心窝。
I love your temperament of the pine,and your character of the red plum.I love your sugarcane in our hometown,which moistens my heart like breast milk.改变一下?旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业,现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。
Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的,目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。
The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.合并详解做秘书与人们所想象的不同。
Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。
Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.做秘书与人们所想象的不同,是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。
Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业,现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。
Tourism, a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的,目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。
The WTO, founded on January 1st, 1995, aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪,是一部中国历史题材小说。
Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel(a novel based on Chinese history stories).中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分,为振兴华夏做出了巨大贡献。
Traditional Chinese Medicine, an crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the development(and prosperity) of China.真题中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的,经过数百年不断的改进,已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。