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希腊罗马诸神关系谱Chaos天王 (地母之子)Uranus == Gaea (地母)(诞下12泰坦和Cyclopes 独眼巨人和Hecatoncheires 百臂巨人)Mnemosyne Themis Cruis记忆神泰坦，与Zous九夜九Muse 律神泰坦，Fates和Horae (Seasons)之母与姐妹Eurybia结婚，育有 Astraeus, Pallas and PersesCronus== Rhea Coeus == Phoebe Ocean== Tethys Hyperion==Thea(sister) 阉其父后统领泰坦大地丰收泰坦智慧泰坦月神泰坦海洋泰坦河神泰坦太阳泰坦闪亮泰坦 Hestia Hades Poseidon Zeus=Hera Demeter= Zeus Leto=Zeus Iapetus Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).灶神冥神海神主神婚姻之神农神Athena Persephone Prometheus Atlas Epimetheus智慧泰坦Mertis (Athena之母) 冥后人的保护神，预言，盗火，好东西，率领抵抗笨神，潘多拉的盒子Ares Hebe Hephaestus 被绑崖上鹰啄肝，大力神救 Zeus, 被罚顶天战神工匠神Apollo Artemis Zeus=Maia Zeus=Dione多才太阳神月亮狩猎女神Hermes Aphrodite信使爱与美神, Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)Gaea (地母) == Tartarus (The darkest pit in the world at the edge of the world)五初神 Gaea (地母) == Tartarus God of darkness Erebus = = NyxGoddess of night Erosson of Chaos daughter of chaos(son) Typhon = = Echidna, Aether (god of sky), Hemera (goddess of day),Cerberus (son) Lernean Hydra (daughter) on her own, Nyx gives birthto(the three-headed of hell) (the multiheaded) Momus (blame), Moros (doom), Thanatos (death),Hypnos (sleep), Charon (the ferryman of Hades), the Oneiroi (dreams), the Hesperides, the Keres and Moirae (Fates), Nemesis (retribution), Apate (deception), Philotes (friendship), Geras (age), and Eris (strife), ...concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. First there was Chaosin Hesiod’s system, then Gaea and Eros (Earth and Desire). Chaos, however, did not generate Gaea; the offspring of Chaos were Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx. Nyx begat Aether, the bright upper air, andDay. Nyx later begat the dark and dreadful aspects of the universe (e.g., Dreams, Death, War, and Famine).In Hesiod's Theogony, Nyx is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus the deity of shadow and darkness, Nyx gives birth to Aether (atmosphere) and Hemera (day). Later,. In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera (day), who is Nyx's daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri (night) in the Rigveda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas (dawn).Nyx by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883)Erebus ConsortChaos Parents[1]Erebus, Gaia, Tartarus and Eros Siblingssee below ChildrenHypnosHypnos and Thánatos, Sleep and His Half-Brother Death by John William Waterhouse.God of Sleep Underworld AbodePoppy SymbolPasithea ConsortNyx ParentsThánatos, Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos SiblingsMorpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos (according to Ovid) ChildrenRoman equivalentThe Creation of the World and MankindThis story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.In the beginning, there was formless confusion of Chaos brooded over the unbroken darkness. Then out of the void appeared Erebus, the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty, silent, endless, darkness. Then somehow Love (Eros) was born bringing a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea, the earth appeared.Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus, the god of the heavens. Uranus became Gaea's mate. Together they produced the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.But, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. Allwere too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself toItaly. As he departed, he promised that Cronus and the Titans wouldbe punished. From his spilt blood came the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam where his genitals fell came Aphrodite.Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and under his rule the Titans had many offspring. He ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus both had prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronus swallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at the treatment of the children and plotted againstCronus. When it came time to give birth to her sixth child, Rhea tricked Cronus. She secretly carried the child to Crete and then wrapped a stonein swaddling cloths. Cronus, thinking it was a baby, ate the stone.The child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus which would force him to vomit up the five other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepared drink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Being gods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Atlas becametheirleader in battle and it looked for some time as though they wouldwin and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was had other plans. He went down to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheus joined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopes provided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set in ambush armed with boulders. When the time was right, Zeus retreated drawing the Titans into the Hecatoncheires's ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundreds of boulders with such afury the Titans thought the mountains were falling on them. Theybroke and ran giving Zeus victory.Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. All except for Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the world on his shoulders.However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaea, angry that her children had been imprisoned, gave birth to a last offspring, Typhoeus. Typhoeus was a creature more terrible than any that had gone before. However, Zeus, having learned to control thunder and lightning stuck Typhoeus down. Typhoeus was buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.Much later a final challenge to Zeus rule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade Mount Olympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, the gods had grown strong and with the help of Hercules, the Giants were subdued or killed. Now, the world, having been cleared of all the monsters, was ready for mankind. Prometheus and Epimetheus were spared imprisonment in Tartarus because they did not fight with their fellow Titans during the war with the Olympians. They were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was in charge of the task of giving the creatures of theearth their various qualities, such as swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings.Unfortunately, by the time he got to man Epimetheus had given allthe good qualities out and there were none left for man. So he turned toPrometheus for help. Prometheus took over the task of creation and sought a way to make man superior. He made man stand upright like thethegods did and gave them fire.Prometheus loved man more than the Olympians, who had banished mostof his family to Tartarus. Because of Prometheus' love of man, Zeus created women. So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal they sacrificed to the gods, Prometheus decided to trick Zeus. He created two piles, one with the bones wrapped injuicy fat, the other with the good meat hidden in the hide. He then made Zeuspick one pile. Zeus picked the bones. Since he had given his word, Zeus had to accept that as his share for future sacrifices. In his anger over thetrick, he took fire away from man. However, Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought it back again to man. Zeus was enraged that man again had fire. He decided to inflict a terrible punishment on both man and Prometheus.To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty. The gods gave the mortal many gifts of wealth. This creation was Pandora, the first woman. A final gift was a jar which Pandora was forbidden to open. When she was completed, Zeus sent her to Epimetheus.Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to accept gifts from Zeus but, Pandora's beauty was too great and he allowed her to stay. Eventually,Pandora's curiosity about the jar she was forbidden to open became too great. She opened the jar and out flew plagues, sorrow and mischief for mankind. However, the bottom of the jar held one good thing - Hope. It was the only good thing in the jar and remains to this day mankind's sole comfort in misfortune.However, a greater punishment lay in store for Prometheus. Zeus had his servants, Force and Violence, seize Prometheus, take him to Caucasus, and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamanite chains. Here he was tormented day and night Zeus gave Prometheus two ways out of this torment. He could tell Zeus who the mother of the child that would dethrone him was. Or meet two conditions: First, that an immortal must volunteer to die for Prometheus. Second, that a mortal must kill the eagle and unchain him. Eventually, Chiron the Centaur agreed to die for him and Hercules killed the eagle and unbound him.Prometheus name has stood through the centuries, from Greek days to our own as the great rebel against injustice and authority of power.TitansThe Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus., Gaea , Uranus, Cronus , Crius, Rhea , Phoebe, Oceanus , Thea, Tethys , Prometheus, Hyperion , Epimetheus, Mnemosyne , Atlas, Themis , Metis, Iapetus , Dione, CoeusGaeaGaea was Mother Earth. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seemed to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellenistic civilization.UranusUranus was the sky god and first ruler. He was the son of Gaea, who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including the Cyclopes, the Hecatoncheires, and twelve of the Titans.His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth.CronusCronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety, Cronus ate each of the children as theywere born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up, Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be the golden age on earth, a time of peace and happiness that was honored by the Saturnalia feast. During the golden age, the people of the time had no need for laws or rules; everyone did right and as such, there was no need.RheaRhea was the wife of Cronus. She was the Titan of the earth and fertility. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus. Rhea's symbol is the moon. She has another symbol, the swan, because it is a gentle animal. Also, her other symbol is two lions, supposedly the ones that pull her chariot.OceanusOceanus was the Latin word for the ocean, which the Greeks and Romans believed to be an enormous river encircling the world. Strictly speaking, it was the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floatedthe habitable hemisphere. This world-ocean was personified as a Titan, a sonof Uranus and Gaea. Together with his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand offsprings called the Oceanids.TethysTethys was the wife of Oceanus. She was mother of the chief riversof the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about sixthousand daughters called the Oceanids.HyperionHyperion was the Titan of light, an early sun god. He was the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Thea. Their children were Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).MnemosyneMnemosyne was the Titan of memory. She slept with Zeus for ninenights and gave birth to the nine Muses.ThemisThemis was the Titan. Her name meaning "law of nature" rather than "human ordinance" was "of good counsel," was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She fought with Zeus against the other Titans. She was the mother of the Fates and the Horae (Seasons).IapetusIapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, andAtlas by Clymene.CoeusCoeus was the Titan of Intelligence. He was the father of Leto and Asteria.CruisCruis married his sister Eurybia and became the father of Astraeus, Pallas and Perses.PhoebePhoebe was Titan of the Moon. She was the mother of Leto and Asteria.TheaShe, along with her brother Hyperion, was the mother of Helios,Selene and Eos. She seems here a goddess of glittering in particular and of glory in general.PrometheusPrometheus was the wisest Titan. His name meant "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus. When Zeus revolted against Cronus, Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus' side.By some accounts, he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated byZeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus was known as theprotector and benefactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus' children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus.EpimetheusEpimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name meant "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts, he was delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.AtlasAtlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age, Atlas led the Titan's in battle. As a result, he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and was forced to hold up the world on his back.MetisMetis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It was said that she was the source for Zeus' wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly. It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This was because the classic Greeks believedthat children were generated solely from the father's sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a vessel for the fetus to grow in.Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth, her role doesn't count.OlympiansThe Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthrowof the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus. Note that the Roman names for the Olympian Gods are in brackets., Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)ZeusZeus (Jupiter) overthrew his Father Cronus to become the supremeruler of the gods. He was lord of the sky, the rain god and the cloud gatherer.His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He was married to Hera but, was famous for his many affairs. An eagle attended him as a minister of his will and for page and cup-bearer he had Ganymede, a boy so beautiful that Zeus had him stolen from Mount Ida to make him immortal in heaven. He was also known topunish those that lie or break oaths. His tree was the oak and hisoracle was at Dodona, the land of the oak trees.Read about Zeus' rise to power in the story of The Creation of the World and Mankind.PoseidonPoseidon (Neptune) was the brother of Zeus. Poseidon was a son of Cronus and Rhea. Like his brothers and sisters except for Zeus, Poseidon was swallowed by his father. Find out more about this in the TheCreation of the World and Mankind.He was the lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus. His weapon was a trident, which could shake the earth, and shatter any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Under the ocean, he had a marvelous golden palace, its grottos adorned with corals and the sea-flowers, and lit with a phosphorescent glow. He rose forth in a chariot drawn by dolphins, sea-horses other marine creatures.HadesHades (Pluto) was the brother of Zeus. He was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He was a greedy god who was greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. The Erinyes were welcomed guests.He was also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He had a helmet that made him invisible. He rarely left the underworld. He was unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife was Persephone whom Hades abducted. He was the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.Hades obtained his eventual consort, Persephone, through trickery, a story that connected the ancient Eleusinian Mysteries with the Olympian pantheon. Hades ruled the dead, assisted by demons over whom he had complete authority. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal his prey from him. Very few have gone to the underworld and returned.HestiaHestia (Vesta) was Zeus' sister. She was a virgin goddess. She was the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a newborn child was carried before it was received into the family. In the Greek and Roman households, the hearth fire was not allowed to go out, unless itwas ritually extinguished and ritually renewed, accompanied by impressive rituals of completion, purification and renewal. Each city also had apublic hearth sacred to Hestia. Hestia symbolizes the alliance between the colonies and their mother-cities.HeraHera (Juno) was Zeus' wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. She was the protector of marriage and takes special care of married women.Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus' infidelities. Her sacred animals were the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city was Argos.AresAres (Mars) was the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He was the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite, her husband Hephaestus was able publicly ridicule him. His bird was the vulture. His animal was the dog.AthenaAthena (Minerva) was the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. She was fierce and brave in battle but, only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. Sheinvented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot.She was the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city was Athens. Her tree was the olive. The owl was her bird. She was a virgin goddess.ApolloApollo was the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister was Artemis. He was the god of music, playing a golden lyre. He was the god of the archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. Apollowas considered to have dominion over disease, beauty, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, and shamans, and was the patron defender of herds and flocks.One of Apollo's more important daily tasks was to harness hischariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. He was famousfor his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow was his bird. The dolphin was his animal.AphroditeAphrodite (Venus) was the goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts, she had a magical girdle that compelled anyoneshe wished to desire her. There were two accounts of her birth.One says she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione.The other went back to the time when Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus.Aphrodite, in many of the myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended. She was the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle was her tree. The dove, the swan, and the sparrow were her birds.HermesHermes (Mercury) was the son of Zeus and Maia. He was Zeus' messenger. He was the fastest of the gods. He wore winged sandals, a winged hat, and carried a magic wand. He was the god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators,literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures and invention and commerce in general, of liars, and of the cunning of thieves. He wasthe guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.ArtemisArtemis (Diana) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother was Apollo. She was the lady of the wild things. She was the huntsman of the gods. She was the protector of the young. Like Apollo, she hunted with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She was a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presided over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Letono pain when she was born. The cypress was her tree. All wildanimals were scared to her, especially the deer.HephaestusHephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber) was the son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes, it was said that Hera alone produced him and that he had no father. He was the only god to be physically ugly. He was also lame. He was the god of fire and the forge. He was the smith and armorer of the gods.He used a volcano as his forge. He was the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He was kind and peace loving. His wife was Aphrodite.Sometimes, his wife was identified as Aglaia.。
源自网络材料汇编：最近上了北雅刘洪波老师的课，被那些来自希腊罗马神话的词汇深深吸引了，结合刘洪波老师的《英文字根词源精讲》和王鑫老师的《大话单词》，加上网络上的一些资料，把希腊神话词源总结了一下，希望对大家背单词有用，欢迎大家补充和更正：人所共知，西方文化有两个源头：一为希腊(Hellenic)文化，一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化，而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greek mythology)对英语影响非常广泛。
表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用，而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。
这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义，增添记忆单词的乐趣，还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流，具有很高的历史性和趣味性。
希腊神话以口头的形式流传了几百年，到了公元前7 世纪，随着希腊诗人赫西奥德的《神谱》、诗人荷马描写特洛伊战争的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》等史诗的出现，希腊神话发展到了相当成熟的阶段。
后来，希腊人开始移居意大利，他们把灿烂的文化艺术传到了罗马。
古罗马是一个开放的民族，有吸取先进文化的非凡才能，很快，他们就把希腊神话吸收过来，并赋予每个神以一个罗马名字，这就是为什么“宙斯”又叫“朱庇特”，“丘比特”又是“厄洛斯”的原因了。
希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉，滋养着英语的词汇，产生了许许多多美妙动人的词汇故事，增强了英语的生命力。
1、chaos（混乱）：来源于最原始的天神Chaos（卡厄斯），又称为“混沌之神”。
是他创造了天地，就和盘古开天辟地差不多。
2、geography（地理学）：英语中很多以Ge 开头的单词都和地球有关，geo-这个词根就是地球的意思，它来自大地之母该亚Gaia，例如：geography（地理学）/geometry（几何学——测量大地的科学）/George（最初含义是土地工作者）3、Atlas（地图册）：希腊神话中Titans(泰坦)巨神之一，因背叛Zeus(宙斯)被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。
希腊神谱及简介在希腊神话中,一切皆从混沌 (Chaos开始。
下面是希腊神话的十二主神:宙斯(zeus :★宙斯是克洛诺斯之子 , 万神之王 , 主管天空 . 希腊神话中的至高神,掌握雷电,所以又被称为雷神。
在母亲蕾亚的支持下, 杀了父亲克洛诺斯, 成为了第三代神王。
性格极为好色,常背着妻子赫拉与其他女神和凡人私通,私生子无数。
★宙斯的象征物是雄鹰、橡树和山峰; 他最爱的祭品是母山羊和牛角涂成金色的白色公牛。
★发迹史宙斯出生时 , 正值他父亲克洛诺斯当权 , 母亲瑞亚害怕宙斯被其父吞掉【注:由于某些原因 , 克洛诺斯不能让他的子女生存】 , 因此将他藏到克里特岛交给三位女仙抚养——在岛上 , 一只母山羊为他提供神圣的乳汁 , 一只雄鹰则给他带来仙酒;每当他哭叫时 , 瑞亚的仆人们就到摇篮边为宙斯跳舞 , 并用短剑敲击铜盾掩盖他的哭声 , 因此克洛诺斯一直未发现这一秘密。
宙斯在岛上一天天茁壮成长。
一天 , 他和母山羊玩耍时不小心推倒了她 , 摔断了一支美丽的羊角。
仙女阿玛尔忒亚赶忙为她治伤 , 宙斯则拾起这只羊角 , 赋予它神奇的魔力 , 并将它赠给了这名善良的仙女。
这只羊角从此被称为“ 丰饶之角”, 因它能出产各种美味的食物。
宙斯成年之后 , 用计救出了被父亲吞下的五个兄弟姐妹 , 并合力推翻了克洛诺斯 , 最后登上王位。
]天后赫拉 (Hera:★赫拉是克洛诺斯之女 , 宙斯的姐姐和妻子; 她主管婚姻和生育 , 是妇女的保护神; 赫拉气质高雅 , 容颜美丽 , 且对伴侣忠贞不渝 , 无愧于天后的地位 , 但她的善妒亦闻名于世 , 因此 , 赫拉和宙斯经常发生激烈争吵 , 不过 , 通常宙斯的花言巧语又总能让他们和好如初 .★赫拉的象征是孔雀 , 因为这种有着五彩缤纷羽毛、体现着满心星斗的鸟是美丽壮观的夜空的象征 , 而天空正是天后赫拉光彩照人的脸庞。
海神波塞冬 (Poseidon:★海之皇,宙斯的二哥,手持巨大三叉戟,统领海中所有生物。
希腊罗马神话知识点总结希腊罗马神话是古希腊和古罗马文化中重要的一部分，它是这两个文明的重要组成部分，贯穿其宗教、文学、艺术等多个领域。
神话中的神祗和英雄，以及相关的故事、传说和符号，对于理解古希腊和古罗马文化，以及欧洲文化的发展都具有至关重要的意义。
以下将对希腊罗马神话中的一些重要知识点进行总结。
1.希腊罗马神话的起源和特点希腊罗马神话起源于古希腊和古罗马的宗教信仰和文化传统，它是古希腊和古罗马人对自然现象、人类生活和命运等问题的一种解释和表达方式。
希腊罗马神话具有宗教性、传说性和艺术性的特点，它不仅是古希腊和古罗马宗教信仰的一个重要组成部分，还贯穿了古希腊和古罗马的文学、戏剧、雕塑、绘画等多种艺术形式。
2.希腊罗马神话的神祗希腊罗马神话中的神祗是神话的核心内容，他们是古希腊和古罗马世界观的象征和体现，也是人们对自然和社会现象的一种解释和想象。
希腊罗马神话中的神祗包括宙斯、赫拉、波塞冬、雅典娜、阿波罗、阿瑞斯等众多神祗和半神半人的英雄人物，他们具有超人的力量和智慧，也拥有丰富的人性和情感，是古希腊和古罗马文化中的重要象征和精神支柱。
3.希腊罗马神话的故事和传说希腊罗马神话中蕴含着丰富多彩的故事和传说，这些故事和传说包括了神祗的起源和命运、英雄的冒险和传奇、人类的命运和情感等多种主题。
其中，最为经典的故事和传说包括《奥德赛》《伊利亚特》《神话传说》《城邦的兴衰》等，这些作品代表了古希腊和古罗马文学艺术的巅峰之作，也成为后世文学艺术的重要源泉和灵感之源。
4.希腊罗马神话的艺术表现希腊罗马神话对古希腊和古罗马的艺术发展产生了深远影响，它不仅在文学、戏剧、雕塑、绘画等多个艺术领域中得到了充分表现，还成为了西方文化艺术的重要源头和灵感之源。
古希腊和古罗马的雕塑作品中经常出现神祗和英雄的形象，这些形象既具有超人的力量和美丽，又具有丰富的人性和情感，成为古希腊和古罗马雕塑的重要主题和表现形式。
5.希腊罗马神话的影响希腊罗马神话对西方文化的发展产生了深远影响，它不仅为欧洲文学、艺术、哲学、政治等多个领域提供了丰富的素材和灵感，还为欧洲文化和思想打开了新的天地。
希腊罗马神话神名称谓的转义希腊神话是西方文明的源泉。
在希腊神话中, 最早的神叫卡俄斯(Chaos)，即是混沌之义,在混沌之中首先产生了大地之神———盖娅(Gaea)以及一系列与之相关的众神，盖娅自己生下了天神乌兰诺斯(Uranus)。
之后盖娅与自己的儿子乌兰诺斯结合生下了提坦（Titans）神族的12 个神灵，其主神是宙斯（Zeus）。
除了众神和各种各样的英雄以外, 希腊神话还塑造了众多性情各异、妩媚多姿的女神、女仙、女妖的形象,她们在希腊神话中构成了一道亮丽的风景。
希腊罗马诸神“人神共形共性”，有的喜欢饮宴作乐、谈笑欢娱，有的司健康和医药，有的司爱与美，有的杀父娶母，有的多愁善感，有的英勇无比，山川林木、日月星辰，彩虹海陆等都是神的化身（朱励群，2002：41）。
人们根据希腊神话中诸神的特性、形象和所司，把希腊罗马神话中诸神神名的称谓赋予英语语义，由希腊罗马神话神名称谓而来的词或词组完全失去了其神话色彩，融入到英语中.本文将从希腊罗马神话中众神的特点、形象和所司谈论希腊罗马神话神名称谓的语义演变过程与特点。
（本文由“免费论文下载网”发布）一、特性寓意“希腊人从来也没有表现过，也从来没有体会过人性中的第一情操———爱情中的友谊。
他们所描写的爱情是一种病症，是神安排的命运，是对所爱的对象没有任何伦理关系的一种狂热”。
希腊罗马神话中的诸神从不掩饰自己的行为，快乐、忧伤、嫉妒、仇恨、畸形的爱。
根据其特性，其称谓引申出表示不健康心理状态的“恋……情结和杀……情结(complex)”。
例如：Oedipus Complex(俄狄普斯情结，恋母情结)和Jocasta complex（伊俄卡斯达，恋儿情结）源于希腊神话故事。
Thebes（底比斯）城的国王Laius（拉伊俄斯）和王后Jocas ta(伊俄卡斯达)得知儿子Oedipus（俄狄普斯）命中注定要杀父娶母，因此Oedipus 一生下来就被扔进山中。
后来，Oedipus 成了波吕波斯的养子。
