2008年全国高考上海卷英语科试题及答案Tc^h

中英合作采购与供应管理职业资格证书考试计划一、指导思想中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书是根据中华人民共和国职业教育法、中华人民共和国劳动法和国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定精神而设立的，其目的是面向未来中国经济的发展，提高我国采购与供应管理人员的业务素质、管理水平和职业能力，促进我国采购与供应专业人士参与国内、国际竞争的能力。

二、培养目标中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书考试是为了培养适合我国采购与供应职业发展需要和满足不同层次需求的采购与供应专业管理人士。

其基本要求是通过有关课程的学习，培养理论知识够用、职业技能实用的采购与供应管理应用型人才。

三、证书种类1．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书分为初级、中级和高级三种，由中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发。

2．英国皇家采购与供应认证证书分为“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS 三级)和“CIPS采购与供应基础文凭”(ClPS四级)两种证书。

3．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书与英国皇家采购与供应认证证书相对应。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(初级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS三级证书考试课程相同，中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(中级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS四级证书考试课程相同。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(高级)课程包括中级证书的五门课程和另外2门高级证书课程。

四、课程设置与中英证书的对应关系序号课程代码课程名称学分证书等级备注中国证书英国证书1 05727 采购原理与战略 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程2 05729 国际物流 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程3 05730采购环境与供应市场分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程4 05731采购绩效测量与商业分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程5 05732 采购过程与合同管理6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程6 03611 采购与供应谈判 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程7 03612 采购环境 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程CIPS四级证书课8 03613 采购与供应关系管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课9 03614 采购法务与合同管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课10 03615 采购绩效管理 5 中级证书课程程11 03617 采购与供应链案例 5 高级证书课程CIPS六级证书课12 03618 采购项目管理 6 高级证书课程二程选CIPS六级证书课一13 03619 运作管理 6 高级证书课程程1．通过序号为1～5门课程的考核，可获得英国采购与供应学会颁发的“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS三级证书)，同时获得中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发的中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书（初级）。

2008年全国高考上海卷英语科试题及答案第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. This afternoon. B. Tomorrow. C. Next week. D. Next month.2. A. She doesn't play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well.C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil marketC. At a science museum.D. At a gallery.4.A.Work in the yard. B. Buy some wood.C. Go to the bookstore.D. Take a walk.5. A. A taxi driver. B. A passenger.C. A car cleaner.D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machine7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. The presentation will begin at noon. B. She'll present her work to the man.C. She'd like to invite the man for lunch.D. She suggests working on the presentation at 12:00.9. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.C. The door number of the dormitory.D. The time to open the dormitory.10. A. The chairs didn't need to be painted. B. He doesn't like the color of the chairs.C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful.Keys: CCDAA BBDACSection BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions II through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested.12. A. It spoiled Juana's reputation. B. It copied her ideas without permission.C. It bought Juana's dishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.13. A. A successful business case. B. Juana's waterless laundry.C. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions.14. A. footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don't touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don't take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.D. Don't transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviours.Keys: DBAABSection CDirections: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Keys:17. India 18. Sweater 19.50 20. Ordinary 21. outstanding22. leave their countries 23. 17 million 24. career and familyII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other______winning the match by shaking hands.A. withB. onC. inD. to【解析】此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。

2008年高考英语试卷及参考答案<上海卷）第I卷 (105分>I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.b5E2RGbCAPl.A.This afternoon. B.Tomorrow. C.Nextweek. D.Next month.p1EanqFDPw2. A. She doesn't play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well. DXDiTa9E3dC. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.RTCrpUDGiT3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil marketC. At a science museum.D. At a gallery.4.A.Workintheyard. B. Buy some wood.C. Go to the bookstore.D.Takeawalk.5. A. A taxi driver. B. A passenger.C. A car cleaner.D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuck5PCzVD7HxAC. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machinejLBHrnAILg7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.xHAQX74J0XC. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.LDAYtRyKfE8. A. The presentation will begin at noon.B. She'll present her work to the man.Zzz6ZB2LtkC. She'd like to invite the man for lunch.D. She suggests working on the presentation at 12:00.dvzfvkwMI19. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.rqyn14ZNXIC. The door number of the dormitory.D. The time to open the dormitory.EmxvxOtOco10. A. The chairs didn't need to be painted.B. He doesn't like the color of the chairs.SixE2yXPq5C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful.6ewMyirQFLKeys: CCDAA BBDACSection BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.kavU42VRUsQuestions II through 13 are based on the following passage y6v3ALoS8911. A. Worried.B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested.M2ub6vSTnP12. A. It spoiled Juana's reputation. B. It copied her ideas without permission. 0YujCfmUCwC. It bought Juana's dishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.eUts8ZQVRd13. A. A successful business case. B. Juana's waterless laundry.sQsAEJkW5TC. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.GMsIasNXkAQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions.TIrRGchYzg14. A. footprints.B. Food. C. Living insects.D. Orange seeds.7EqZcWLZNX15. A. Don't touch animals under anycircumstances.lzq7IGf02EB. Don't take away any natural objects from thepark.zvpgeqJ1hkC. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.NrpoJac3v1D. Don't transport animals from one island toanother.1nowfTG4KI16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment. fjnFLDa5ZoC. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviours.tfnNhnE6e5Keys: DBAABSection CDirections: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in thenumbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.HbmVN777sLBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.V7l4jRB8HsComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for eachanswer.83lcPA59W9Blanks 21 through 24 arc based on the following conversation.mZkklkzaaPComplete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.AVktR43bpwKeys:17. India 18. Sweater 19.5020. Ordinary21. outstanding ORjBnOwcEd22. leave their countries 23. 17 million24. career and family2MiJTy0dTTII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.gIiSpiue7A25. The two sportsmen congratulated eachother______winning the match by shaking hands.uEh0U1YfmhA. withB.onC. inD. to【解读】此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。

2008年的⾼考结束了现在找了08年的⾼考英语试卷给⼤家看看⼤家⼀起做做吧这是全国卷1的这是今天找的希望对⼤家有⽤2008年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试英语本试卷分第⼀卷（选择题）和第⼆卷（⾮选择题）两部分。

第⼀卷1⾄14页。

第⼆卷15-18页。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡⼀并交回。

第⼀卷注意事项。

1.答题前，考⽣在答题卡上务必⽤直径0.5毫⽶⿊⾊墨⽔签字笔将⾃⼰的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科⽬。

2.每⼩题选出答案后，⽤2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题⽬的答案标号涂⿊，如需改动，⽤橡⽪擦⼲净后，再选涂其他答案⽰号，在试题卷上作答⽆效。

第⼀部分听⼒（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上，录⾳内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第⼀节（共5⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下⾯5段对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。

每段对话仅读⼀遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15B. 9.15C. 9.18案是B。

1. What is the weather like?A. It’s raining.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s sunny.2.Who will go to China next month?A. Lucy.B. Alice.C. Richard.3.What are the speaking talking about?A. The men’sB. A filmC. An actor4.Where will the speakers meet?A. In Room 340B. In Room 314C. In Room 2235.Where does the conversnien most probably take place?A. In a restaurantB. In an officeC. At home第⼆节（共15⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下⾯5段对话或独⽩，每段对话或独⽩后有⼏个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 ( ( (上海卷上海卷上海卷) )英 语语本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷两部分。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

分钟。

考生注意：1.答第I 卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、交验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。

铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。

2. 第I 卷（1-16小题和25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷一律不给分。

第I 卷中的第17-24小题和第II 卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。

分。

I. listening comprehension Part A: Short Conversation Directions: Directions: In In In Part Part Part A, A, A, you you you will will will hear hear hear ten ten ten short short short conversations conversations conversations between between between two two two speakers. speakers. speakers. At At At the the the end end end of of of each each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea. D. Water. 2. A. At a restaurant. 2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. B. At a studio. C. At a concert. D. At a theatre. 3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Depressed. 4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns ’ son. C. The postman. D. The neighbour. 5. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10. 6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn ’t have gold rings. C. She prefers gold to silver. D. She lost her silver ring. 7. A. The screen doesn ’t have to be cleaned. B. The keyboard also needs cleaning. C. The man shouldn ’t do the cleaning. D. There ’s not enough time to clean both. 8. A. The driver will stop the bus immediately. B. The guy by the door will help the woman. C. The woman should check the map. D. He will tell the woman when to get off. 9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening. C. She doesn’t feel like going out. D. She has to get theatre tickets. 10. A. They can ’t see the stars clearly. B. They ’re not in the city tonight. C. They ’re looking at the stars from the city. D. They ’re talking about movie stars. Part B Passages Directions: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. passages. The The The passages passages passages will will will be be be read read read twice, twice, twice, but but but the the the questions questions questions will will will be be be spoken spoken spoken only only only once. once. once. When When When you you you hear hear hear a a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding. C. It is dangerous but exciting. D. It has its moving moment. 12. A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured. C. Karen was physically hurt. D. Many buildings exploded. 13. A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury. C. A terrible explosion. D. A brave journalist. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report. 14. A. Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas. B. More and more rural residents have Internet access. C. People have a limited choice on Internet providers. D. City residents use the Internet frequently. 15. A. Over 2 million. 15. A. Over 2 million. B. Around 6 million. B. Around 6 million. C. 23 million. D. 17 million. 16. A. More girls have their own websites than boys. B. 1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home. C. Most kids think they get too little time online at school. D. Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school. Part C Longer Conversations Directions: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Garden Restaurant Reservation Form Name: Jessica 17 Time: 9:00 p.m. 18 Number of people: Six. Phone Number: ___19_____ Special Request: ____20____ dishes. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. What is Harrods, the biggest department store in the UK. Famous for? Its 21 and Egyptian Hall. How do people feel when they are in the Egyptian Hall? They feel they are 22 . How does Harrods get most of its power? By producing 23 itself. How is the business during the January sales? How is the business during the January sales? There is an increase in There is an increase in 24 .. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. WORDS for each answer. Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabulary Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape. A. on B. from C. by D. in 26. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully 28. --- Did you tidy your room? --- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. --- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 31. --- How was the televised debate last night? --- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention. A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate 32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was! A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother ’s voice ______ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded A. being persuaded persuading persuading C. to be persuaded C. to be persuaded D. to persuade D. to persuade 36. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if 39. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 40. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is ―programmed programmedǁǁ to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years. A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed 42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now. A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly 43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine 44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job. A. informal B. casual C. determined D. earnest III. Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions? Scientists Scientists have have have studied studied studied the the the reactions reactions reactions of of of men men men to to to one one one another another another during during during long long long submarine submarine submarine voyages. voyages. voyages. They They They have have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for for a a a long long long period, period, period, they they they begin begin begin to to to feel feel feel uneasy. uneasy. uneasy. Everyone Everyone Everyone has has has little little little habits habits habits of of of speaking speaking speaking and and and behaving behaving behaving that that that are are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 . Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress. People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress. 45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy 46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore 47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct 48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health 49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up 50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable 51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable 52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure 53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate 54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting (B) One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe believe I I I have have have some some some idea idea idea of of of why why why the the the failure failure failure is is is so so so total. total. 55 the the faults faults faults already already already found found found out out out in in in the the the education education system system as as as a a a whole whole — such such as as as child-centred child-centred child-centred learning, learning, learning, the the the ――discovery discoveryǁǁ method, method, and and and the the the low low low expectations expectations expectations by by teachers of pupils — there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching. The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future. Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able groups groups are are 59 and and are are are bored bored bored while while while the the the least least least able able able are are are lost lost lost and and 60 bored. bored. Strangely Strangely Strangely enough, enough, enough, few few few head head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams. Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it. Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need. 55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of 56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods 57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature 58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique 59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind 60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly 61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular 62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless 63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn 64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharing IV IV. Reading Comprehension . Reading Comprehension Directions ：Read Read the the the following following following four four four passages. passages. passages. Each Each Each passage passage passage is is is followed followed followed by by by several several several questions questions questions or or or unfinished unfinished statements. statements. For For For each each each of of of them them them mere mere mere are are are four four four choices choices choices marked marked marked A, A, A, B, B, B, C C C and and and D. D. D. Choose Choose Choose the the the one one one mat mat mat fits fits fits best best according to me information given in me passage you have just read. (A) What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster? Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an ―Official Taste Tester Taste Testerǁǁ for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream — as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道味道). Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No — there there’’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this ―cool coolǁǁ field. In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains, ―You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.ǁWhile the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. ―Tasting begins with the eyes,ǁ he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, ―Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?ǁ Next it ’s time to taste! Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy —working at one cool job. 65. What is John Harrison’s job? A. An official. B. An ice-cream taster. C. A chemist. D. An ice-cream manufacturer. 66. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the ―cool fieldǁ, it is helpful to ______. A. keep a diary of work B. have a degree in related subjects C. have new ideas every day D. find out new flavors each day 67. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream? A. He stirs the ice cream. B. He examines the color of the ice cream. C. He tastes the flavor of the ice cream. D. He lets the ice cream warm up. 68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A. Tasting with Eyes B. Flavors of Ice Cream C. John Harrison’s Life D. One Cool Job (B) (You may read the questions first,) SCREENGRABS BBC1 PLANET EARTH 9AM Fresh Fresh Water Water provides provides an an an expensive expensive expensive subject subject subject for for for the the third programme in the BBCBBC’’s fascinating new natural-history series. Broadly, we investigate the worldworld’’s lakes and rivers and the creatures which inhabit inhabit them. them. them. Thus Thus Thus we we we visit visit visit the the the deepest deepest deepest lake lake lake on on on the the planet, Lake Baikal in Siberia. W e observe large colonies of Indian smooth-coated otters (above) looking around. A magical series which give us a real sense of context in relation to the planet we inhabit. BBC2 FAMILFAMILY GUY Y GUY 11.45PM Road Road to to to Europe. Europe. Europe. Without Without Without proper proper proper identification, identification, identification, Brain Brain ITV1 THA CHRISTIEAGA THA CHRISTIE’’S POIROT 9 PM Cards Cards on on on the the the Table. Table. Table. TonightTonightTonight’’s s mystery mystery mystery concerns concerns the death of one of the richest and most mysterious men, men, Mr Mr Mr Shaitana(Alexander Shaitana(Alexander Shaitana(Alexander Siddig Siddig Siddig ) ) ) who who who has has has a a fascination with crime. Shaitana hosts dinner and a game game of of of bridge bridge bridge in in in his his his apartment, apartment, apartment, but but but when when when the the time comes the first guests to take their leave, they discover discover that that that their their their host host host has has has been been been stabbed stabbed stabbed through through his heart. Channel 4 THE GAMES: LIVE 9 PM and Stewie stow away on a plane they think is leaving for England. They ’re wrong, and soon they ’re in Saudi Arabia (Brain: ―Oh my God, we are finished. We are lost in the desert.ǁ) at a beginning of a long trip home. For For the the the first first first time time time on on on Games, Games, Games, the the the men men men fight fight fight in in in a a Kendo Kendo Tournament, Tournament, Tournament, using using using 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m shinai shinai shinai (Bamboo (Bamboo swords). The woman compete in the cycling, racing racing wheel-to wheel-to wheel-to wheel wheel wheel on on on competition competition competition bikes bikes bikes with with no brakes. Plus other news the English Institute of sports in Sheffield. 69. The F resh Fresh Water series at 9 PM ________. at 9 PM ________. A. explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in them B. is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the world C. explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earth D. focuses on the deepest river on the planet 70. The phrase ―stow away ǁ most probably means ―__________________ǁǁ. A. hide secretly B. talk excitedly C. operate easily D. guide successfully 71. A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie ’s novel will be shown on ______. A. BBC1 B. BBC2 C. ITV1 D. Channel 4 (C) Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week. The The bad bad bad news: news: news: Stamp Stamp Stamp prices prices prices are are are expected expected expected to to to rise rise rise 2 2 2 cents cents cents in in in May May May to to to 41 41 41 cents, cents, cents, the the the Postal Postal Postal Regulatory Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a ―forever stamp,ǁ it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or-3-cent stamps to make up postage differences. Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, ―forever stamps ǁ will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up. The The new new new ――forever forever stamp stamp stampǁǁ is is the the the United United United States States States Postal Postal Postal Service Service Service’’s s (USPS) (USPS) (USPS) answer answer answer to to to the the the complaints complaints complaints about about frequent frequent rate rate rate increases. increases. increases. The The The May May May increases increases increases will will will be be be the the the fifth fifth fifth in in in a a a decade. decade. decade. Postal Postal Postal rates rates rates have have have risen risen risen because because because of of inflation (通货膨胀通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and the rising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS. The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the ―forever stamp ǁ and the savings from not printing as as many many many 2-or-3-cent 2-or-3-cent 2-or-3-cent stamps. stamps. stamps. ――It It’’s s not not not your your your grandfather grandfather grandfather’’s s stamp,stamp,stamp,ǁǁ says says Mr. Mr. Mr. Saunders. Saunders. Saunders. ――It It could could could be be be your your great-grandchildren great-grandchildren’’s stamp.ǁ Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps. Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he ’s interested in the public ’s reaction. ―This is an entirely new class of stamps.ǁ Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he ’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich — the volume printed will be too large for collectors. ―We won ’t be able to send our kids to college on these,ǁ he says, laughing. The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission ’s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps. 72. The main purpose of introducing a ―forever stamp ǁ is ______. A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or-3-cent stamps B. to help save the consumers’ cost on first-class mailing C. to respond to the complaints about rising postal rates D. to compete with online bill paying 73. 73. By By By saying saying saying ――It It could could could be be be your your your great-grandchildren great-grandchildren great-grandchildren’’s s stamp stamp stampǁǁ, , Mr. Mr. Mr. Saunders Saunders Saunders means means means that that that forever forever forever stamps stamps ________. A. could be collected by one’s great-grandchildren B. might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s hands C. might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathers D. could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later 74. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward. B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps. C. The design of the ―forever stamp ǁ remains to be revealed. D. 2-or-3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future. 75. What can be concluded from the passage? A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes. B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps. C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps. D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps. (D) The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green green business business business that that that is is is certain certain certain to to to appeal appeal appeal to to to environmentally-aware environmentally-aware environmentally-aware music-lovers, music-lovers, music-lovers, a a a design design design student student student is is is to to receive receive financial financial financial support support support to to to produce produce produce eco-friendly eco-friendly eco-friendly tents tents tents made made made of of of cardboard cardboard cardboard that that that can can can be be be recycled recycled recycled after after after the the bands and the crowds have gone home. Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material material that that that can can can be be be recycled. recycled. recycled. And And And to to to cope cope cope with with with the the the British British British summer, summer, summer, the the the cardboard cardboard cardboard has has has been been been made made waterproof. Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs. The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business. To To raise raise raise money money money for for for the the the idea, idea, idea, he he he toured toured toured the the the City City City’’s s private private private companies companies companies which which which fund fund fund new new new business business business and and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint ’s directors and won their their support. support. support. Mint Mint Mint has has has committed committed committed around around £500,000 500,000 to to to MyHab MyHab MyHab and and and taken taken taken a a a share share share of of of 30 30 30 per per per cent cent cent in in in Mr. Mr. Dunlop Dunlop’’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year. Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics. For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的外部的) advertising space. The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious. 76. ―Eco-friendly tents ǁ in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______. A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief 77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______. A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint B. with the approval of the City’s administration C. in partnership with a finance group D. with the help of a Japanese architect 78. It is implied in the passage that _______. A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users. 79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______. A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards C. an unusual success of a graduation project D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals (E) Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A —F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. Do established musicians have a responsibility to guide and assist young up-and up-and––coming musicians? B. Did anyone promote your musical education when you were growing up? C. What kind of ―world music ǁ do you enjoy? D. What What’’s your comment on pop music? E. Does the contemporary music press give jazz the coverage it deserves? F. What What’’s wrong with the music on the radio? An interview with Wynton Marsalis, a noted jazz musician 80. There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hard if I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to nurture my talent and the talents of other students in our school. 81. es. We Y es. We’’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven’t maintained the 。

2008年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷II）第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: have（）A. gave B.save C.hat D.made答案是C.1.course（）A. journey B.four bour D.hour2.match（）A. separate B.marry C.machine D.many3.rise（）A. purse B.else C.praise D.mouse4.bathe（）A. faith B.cloth C.maths D.smooth5.Britain（）A. certain B.train C.against D.contain第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: We ___ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studiedB.might studyC.should have studiedD.would study答案是C.6.--- Do you know Anna’s telephone number?--- ___ _. As a matter of fact, I don’t know any Anna, either.A.I think soB.I’m afraid notC.I hope soD.I’d rather not7.A small car is big enough for a family of three __ __ you need more space for baggage.A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless8.It’s not __ __ good idea to drive for four hours without __ __ break.A.a; aB.the; aC.the; theD.a; the9. --- What are you reading, Tom?--- I’m not really reading, just __ __ the pages.A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up10. --- Could I ask you a rather personal question?--- Sure, ____.A. pardon meB. go aheadC. good ideaD. forget it11. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining12. The director had her assistant ___ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up13. Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.A. butB. tillC. andD. or14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing15. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.A. withB. overC. atD. about16. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may18. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved19. The house still needed a lot of work, but ___ the kitchen was finished.A. insteadB. altogetherC. at onceD. at least20. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. thatB. howC. whichD. when第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

2008年高考(上海卷)英语试题分析与答案详解语法与词汇：Section A：25. B. 此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。

26. C. 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法，根据上句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二人的意思是“两者中哪一个都可以”，所以选择either，而其他三项不合题意。

e.g. —There’s coffee and tea: you can have________.—Thanks.A. eitherB. eachC. one D it (NMET 2003,第32题)either 指两者之中的任何一个，与句中的coffee and tea相对应，所以选择either,而each 是“每一个”，one 是“一个”，it 是“它”，都不合题意。

27. B．此题考查比较级的用法。

根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的…从价格上看不如东京的贵，但是，从通上看，东京比伦敦更…”，本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者进行比较，只能选择答案B。

在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so/as …as”结构，意为“前者不如后者”。

e.g. He spoke English well indeed, but of course not______ a native speaker.A．as fluent as B．more fluent than C．so fluently as D．much fluently than (2004 上海，第32题)答案：C．本句后半部分也是个省略句。

28. D．此题是情境交际题，考查学生对英语在语境中进行应用的能力。

从第二个人先问“Terry?”后感叹“never”的语气中,我们可以得知Terry是不喜欢go camping的，所以答案是hates,用一般现在时态表示Terry惯常的喜好。

一、问答题1、怎么理解中国特色社会主义文化发展道路的内涵？中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,是马克思主义文化理论与中国改革发展实际相结合的产物,是党在民主革命时期探索新民主主义文化发展道路、新中国成立后探索社会主义文化发展道路的基础上,适应改革开放时代要求的社会主义文化发展道路,是继承民族文化优秀传统,走在时代进步潮流前列,代表广大人民群众文化利益的文化发展道路,是富于改革创新精神、保持与时俱进品格的文化发展道路。

中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,确定了文化的基本属性,这就是中国特色社会主义的文化,它既同封建主义、资本主义腐朽思想文化划清了界限,也同僵化的思想文化划清了界限;确定了文化的根本任务,这就是坚持以人为本,满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求,保障人民基本文化权益;确定了文化的前进方向,这就是面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的,民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化;确定了文化的发展动力,这就是深化文化体制改革,构建有利于文化科学发展的体制机制,不断解放和发展文化生产力;确定了文化的发展途径,这就是一手抓公益性文化事业、一手抓经营性文化产业,一手抓努力构建覆盖城乡、惠及全民的公共文化服务体系,一手壮大文化产业、繁荣社会主义文化市场;确定了文化的发展格局,这就是以公有制为主体、多种所有制共同发展的文化产业格局,以民族文化为主体、吸收外来有益文化的文化对外开放格局;确定了文化的发展战略,这就是提升国家文化软实力,实施文化“走出去”战略,充分发挥文化在综合国力竞争中的重要作用;确定了文化建设的领导力量和依靠力量,这就是始终坚持党对文化工作的领导,充分发挥人民群众在文化建设中的主体作用,最大限度地发挥广大文化工作者的积极性主动性创造性。

中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,建立在对新时期文化发展规律深刻认识的基础上,经历了改革开放以来文化发展实践的检验,为社会主义文化的繁荣发展提供了宽广的发展空间和良好的发展机制,是当代中国文化发展的正确道路。

第六单元单元备课一、单元内容本单元由《画家和牧童》、《我为你骄傲》、《三个儿子》、《玩具柜台前的孩子》和语文园地六组成。

会认47个生字，学会书写33个。

二、单元主题本组教材围绕“做品质优秀的好少年” 这个专题，选编了一些给人启迪，让人受益的古今故事。

单元导语为：从古到今，有许多品质优秀的人，有的人十分谦虚，有的人勇于承认自己的错误，有的人孝敬父母、关爱他人……我们要向他们学习，做品质优秀的好少年。

主题为：做品质优秀的好少年。

本组所选的四篇文章，寓优秀的思想品质教育于生动有趣、感人肺腑的故事之中，既有绘声绘色的人物语言、动作的描述，又有维妙维肖的人物心理的细腻刻画，没有任何空洞的说教。

所以，建议老师在教学中也不要给孩子们讲述空泛的道理，要领着他们正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，在读中认识生字，在读中积累语言，在读中发现主人公的优秀品质、感悟做人的道理。

让学生在阅读中识字，在阅读中感悟哲理，努力启发学生评价故事中的人与事，让他们懂得谦虚，勇于承认错误，孝敬父母及关爱他人这些优秀的品质，并愿意以故事中的人物为榜样，向他们学习，努力做一个德才兼备的好少年。

三、教材分析和教学建议1、《画家与牧童》是一个很优秀的古代历史人物故事，讲述了唐朝一位著名的画家戴嵩勇于承认错误，谦虚地向牧童学习。

“千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人。

”一个小牧童，竟然对着著名大画家戴嵩的画大喊：“画错啦，画错啦!”这胆量令人佩服。

教学这课时由于生字多，课文长，应让学生多读，多感悟。

教师可用一个问题来引领全文，“你佩服谁，为什么？”在学生感悟理解中，可以穿插渗透：要向戴嵩一样，无论多么有名，多么权威，也要虚心向他人学习；要向牧童一样，敢于提出意见，有胆识。

文中生字很多，也较难认记，一定要调动学生乐于识字的愿望，让其在语言环境中认记。

课后延伸可以让学生上网或看书找资料，了解更多以画动物闻名的画家。

2、《我为你骄傲》故事内容贴近儿童生活，是一个常会发生在孩子身上的故事，因此它的教育意义也就显得更为突出。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至14页。

第二卷15-18页。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷注意事项。

1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案示号，在试题卷上作答无效。

．．．．．．．．．．第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.ξ19.15B. ξ9.15C. ξ9.18案是B。

1.What is the weather like?A. It’s raining.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s sunny.2.Who will go to China next month?A. Lucy.B. Alice.C. Richard.3.What are the speaking talking about?A. The men’sB. A filmC. An actor4.Where will the speakers meet?A. In Room 340B. In Room 314C. In Room 2235.Where does the conversnien most probably take place?A. In a restaurantB. In an officeC. At home第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。