Chapter 21 photosynthesis

中英文对照学习版Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban《哈利波特与阿兹卡班囚徒》Chapter Twenty-OneHermione’s Secret第21章赫敏的秘密‘Shocking business ... shocking ... miracle none of them died ... never heard the like ... by thund er, it was lucky you were there, Snape ...’“真是骇人听闻……骇人听闻……他们一个都没死，真是奇迹……从没听说过这种事……我的天呐，幸亏你在那儿，斯内普……”‘Thank you, Minister.’“谢谢您，部长。

”‘Ord er of Merlin, Second Class, I'd say. First Class, if I can wangl e it!’“梅林爵士团勋章，二级，我敢保证。

一级，如果我能争取到的话！”‘Thank you very much ind eed, Minister.’“非常感谢您，部长。

”‘Nasty cut you've got there ... Black's work, I suppose?’“你这伤口很严重啊……是布莱克干的吧？”‘A s a matter of fact, it was Potter, Weasl ey and Granger, Minister ...’“实际上是波特、韦斯莱和格兰杰，部长……”‘No!’“不会吧！”‘Black had bewitched them, I saw it immediately. A Confundus Charm, to judge by their behaviour. They seemed to think there was a possibility he was innocent. They weren't responsibl e for their actions. On the other hand, their interference might have permitted Black to escape ... they obviously thought they were going to catch Black singl e-hand ed. They've got away with a great d eal before now ... I'm afraid it's given them a rather high opinion of themselves ... and of course Potter has always been allowed an extraordinary amount of licence by the Headmaster -’“布莱克蛊惑了他们，我立刻就看出来了。

《Plant Physiology》（双语）教学教案任课教师：王晓峰教授单位：生命科学学院植物学系授课班级：生科丁颖班、农学丁颖班等Introduction计划学时：2 h一.教学目的了解植物生理学的对象、内容、产生和发展及发展趋势。

二.教学重点植物生理学的内容及发展趋势，植物生理学与分子生物学的关系。

三.教学难点植物生理学的发展趋势四.教学方法采用以多媒体教学法为主。

五.教学用具多媒体硬件支持。

六.教学过程●Introduction of my research work briefly (5 min)●Concept of plant physiology and main contents and chapters of this course (20 min) ●Tasks of plant physiology（20 min）Some examples: Photoperiod, Solution culture, Water culture, Senescence, Ethylene, Tissue culture, Plant growth substance, Photomorphogenesis, Etiolation.●Establishment and development of plant physiology（30 min）In ancient China and western countries→Experimentally/scientifically→J.von Liebig’s work→Modern plant physiology. Establishment and development of plant physiology in China.●Perspectives of plant physiology（10 min）Five problems of human beings : Food, Energy, Environment, Resources, Population ●Summary of the contents of introduction（5 min）Chapter 1 Water Metabolism教学章节：植物对水分的需要、植物细胞对水分的吸收、植物根系对水分的吸收、蒸腾作用、植物体内水分的运输、合理灌溉的生理基础计划学时：3 h一、教学目的通过本章学习，主要了解植物对水分吸收、运输及蒸腾作用的基本原理，认识维持植物水分平衡的重要性，为合理灌溉提供理论基础。

Chapter 8: PhotosynthesisSection 8-1 Energy and Life (pages 201-203)Autotrophs and Heterotrophs (page 201)1. Where does the energy of food originally come from?The sun, plants use light energy to make food2. Complete the table describing the types of organisms.Chemical Energy and ATP (page 202)3. What is one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store energy?ATP (adenosine triphosphate)4. How is ATP different from ADP?ATP has 3 phosphate groups and ADP has 2 phosphates5. Label each part of the ATP molecule illustrated below.Adenosine Ribose Phosphate groups6. When a cell has energy available, how can it store small amounts of that energy? By adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP7. When is the energy stored in ATP released?By breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates8. For what purpose do the characteristics of ATP make it exceptionally useful to all types of cells?9. What are two ways in which cells use the energy provided by ATP?a.b. Section 8-2 Photosynthesis: An Overview (pages 204-207)Introduction (page 204)12. What occurs in the process of photosynthesis?Investigating Photosynthesis (pages 204-206)13. What did Jan van Helmont conclude from his experiment?The Photosynthesis Equation (page 206)16. W rite the overall equation for photosynthesis using words.As the basic energy source of cellsActive transportProtein synthesisc. Movement/muscle contractionsPlants use sunlight energy to convert H 2O and CO 2 into carbohydratesPlants only produce oxygen when exposed to light Carbon dioxide + water + light sugars (carbohydrates) + oxygen17. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy Light and Pigments (page 207)18.What does photosynthesis require in addition to water and carbon dioxide?Section 8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis (pages 208-214)Inside a Chloroplast (page 208)22. Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called 23. What is a granum?24. The region outside the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts is called the25. What are the two stages of photosynthesis called?a. b. 26. Complete the illustration of the overview of photosynthesis by writing the productsand the reactants of the process, as well as the energy source that excites theelectrons.Chloroplast sugars (carbohydrates).thylakoidsStacks of thylakoids stroma.Light dependent reactionsLight independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)Light H 2OCO 2O 2 Sugars(Carbohydrates)Electron Carriers (page 209)27. When sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, how do the electrons change?28.What is a carrier molecule?29.Circle the letter of the carrier molecule involved in photosynthesis.30. How does NADP + become NADPH?b. Photosynthesis begins when pigments in photosystem I absorb light.The Calvin Cycle (pages 212-214)35. What does the Calvin cycle use to produce high-energy sugars?36. Why are the reactions of the Calvin cycle also called the light-independent reactions? When sunlight excites electrons they gain a great deal of energy.A carrier molecule is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule. NADP + is converted to NADPH by accepting and holding two high energy electrons (e -) and one hydrogen ion (H +).ATP synthase allows H + to pass through the protein, causing the protein to rotate. As it rotates, it pulls in ADP and binds it to a phosphate group, producing ATP. The Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce high energy sugars.The Calvin Cycle is called a light-independent reaction because it does not require light to work.Factors Affecting Photosynthesis (page 214)38. What are three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?a. b. c. 39. Is the following sentence true or false? Increasing the intensity of light decreases therate of photosynthesis. The availability of waterTemperatureLight intensityFalse。

二、新加坡科学课程教材、教法及启示2012年科学教育专题硕博论坛董源莉（一）新加坡国情简介新加坡共和国在1965年正式成立，土地面积不及重庆北碚，人口是北碚人口的近九倍。

国土面积小、人口密度大、资源匮乏。

可就是如此一个弹丸小国，80年代跃居世界发达国家之列，成为亚洲“四小龙”之一。

新加坡经济上何以取得如此成就？教育为新加坡的腾飞立下了汗马功劳！IEA组织TIMSS测试中，2007年，新加坡的平均科学成（587分）排名第一，而且学生的平均科学成绩总体呈上升趋势。

是什么让新加坡在TIMSS中取得如此佳绩？这是多种因素的综合作用结果，但是，新加坡科学课程的教材和教法也是一个不容忽视的重要因素。

（二）小学科学教材新加坡的科学教育是“一纲多本”，国家统一颁布教学大纲，各个学校可以选用不同的版本的教材。

新加坡的科学教材，世界排名前三甲。

新加坡小学三年级到六年级使用最广泛的科学教材是《My Pals are Here！Science》。

根据新加坡最畅销的小学科学教材《My Pals are Here!Science》编写的《My Pals are Here！Science》国际版，由Marshall Gavendish Education出版社出版，作者是 shireen khanali, 最新版本是2010年的，被评为TIMSS 测试的国际一流小学科学方案。

全套从1A到6B，通过学习学生将获得的知识、探究精神，以及技能和方法，为更高层次的学习奠定了基础。

主要特点有：1）从1年级开始学习科学（新加坡本地从3年级开始学科学）；2）使用的是国际英语而不是新加坡英语；3）课程注重指导式、发现式、探究式学习；4）通过前后链接、螺旋上升的知识结构来构建坚实的概念网络；5）通过搭建教学和实践的支架结构，巩固知识和对科学的理解；6）精彩照片和彩色插图，生动、新颖、国际化，吸引学生的注意力并点燃他们对周围世界好奇心的火花；7）有针对性地提出问题，培养学生对科学学习的好奇心；8）精心挑选的视图和尽量少的文字让所有学生，不用从语言技能上了解科学概念，从而建立学习的信心；9）来源于生活的具体实例，使科学让青少年学生容易理解。

经典名著阅读《红字》第二十一章（下）Chapter 21 THE NEW ENGLAND HOLIDAY第二十一章新英格兰的节日But we perhaps exaggerate the grey or sable tinge, which undoubtedly characterised the mood and manners of the age.The persons now in the market-place of Boston had not been born to an inheritance of Puritanic gloom. They were native Englishmen, whose fathers had lived in the sunny richness of the Elizabethan epoch; a time when the life of England,viewed as one great mass, would appear to have been asstately, magnificent, and joyous, as the world has ever witnessed. Had they followed their hereditary taste, the New England settlers would have illustrated all events of public importance by bonfires, banquets, pageantries, and processions. Nor would it have been impracticable, in the observance of majestic ceremonies, to combine mirthful recreation with solemnity, and give, as it were, a grotesque and brilliant embroidery to the great robe of state, which a nation, at such festivals, puts on. There was some shadow of an attempt of this kind in the mode of celebrating the day on which the political year of the colony commenced. The dim reflection of a remembered splendour, a colourless andmanifold diluted repetition of what they had beheld in proud old London- we will not say at a royal coronation, but at a Lord Mayor's show- might be traced in the customs which our forefathers instituted, with reference to the annual installation of magistrates. The fathers and founders of the commonwealth- the statesman, the priest, and the soldier- deemed it a duty then to assume the outward state and majesty,which, in accordance with antique style, was looked upon as the proper garb of public or social eminence. All came forth to move in procession before the people's eye, and thus impart a needed dignity to the simple framework of a government so newly constructed.不过，我们也许过于夸张了这种灰黑的色调，即使那确实是当年的心情和举止的特色。