2015年9月3日雅思阅读真题回忆【附答案】

2015年9月3日雅思写作真题回忆备考雅思写作考试，考生除了掌握写作技巧之外，每一次的考题回顾也是要看的，这样才会知道考试都考了哪些内容，心理也有一个准备。

下面，我们一起来看2015年9月3日雅思写作真题回忆吧。

Task 1The bar chart shows the information about the favourite subjects of 60 students from 2 schools, school A and school B.分析：本次的小作文考查了柱状图，且为静态图。

配图是根据网友回忆所做，数据仅供参考。

纵轴代表人数,时态在回忆的图中没有明确显示,范文用过去式为主。

在写作时，要注意数据内和数据间的比较。

范文：The bar chart shows the students’major preference between school A and school B. The optional subjects are social science, science, language, sport and craft & drawing.In school A, more than half of the students (36) chose sport as their favourite subject, compared with 5 in school B. By contrast, the rest subjects are all not very popular among students in school A.In school B, 25 students enjoyed craft and drawing, which was more than five times as many as the students number in school A.(4). Also, the figure in language came second in school B, roughly reaching 18 and narrowly beating social science into third place. In addition, no matter in school A or school B, students were not quite interested in social science and science, with less than 10 persons in both.Overall, students in school A and school B had different major preference. Students in school A liked sport the most and disliked craft and drawing while students in school B were more fond of craft and drawing taut were not much crazy about science.Task 2题目：Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.题型：论述类议论文分析：今天出现的是2012年11月3日的老题,而且犯罪类也是常考话题之一。

2015年9月公共英语二级考试真题及答案1-20 略第一节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.、B.、C.、D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Text lIt' s a time when school, homework, active social lives and part-time jobs keep teenagers (少年 ) busy from early in the morning until late at night. They are likely to try to make up for a lack of sleep by "sleeping in" on the weekends. Unfortunately, this causes irregular sleep and actually makes the problem worse.Most teenagers are not able to fall asleep until late at night. Since many teens aren't sleepy until around 11 p.m., but need to be at school by 7: 30 or 8: 00 a. m., they cannot get enough sleep. During puberty(青春期), the biological clock in the brain naturally re-sets to a later time, and this causes teens to fall asleep later. Then, when it' s time to get up, a teen' s body clock is likely to still be producing the night-time hormones(荷尔蒙). This makes it hard for them to feel active and energetic in the morning.A growing body of research suggests that starting high school later improves attendance, achievements and grades. A few years ago in an important study, test scores on the SAT college entrance exams in Edina, Minnesota jumped more than 100 points on average, when the morning school bell rang an hour later. Unfortunately, most schools are not set up to start later and fail to satisfy teen's sleep needs.21. What effect does "sleeping in" on the weekends have on teenagers?A. Improving their health.B. Weakening their energy.C. Disturbing their biological clock.D. Making up for their hormone loss.22. The study in Minnesota shows that starting morning school one hour later helps to________.A. make teenagers grow fasterB. change teenagers' sleep needsC. do more research on teenagersD. improve students' achievements23. The text helps us to know more about teenagers'A. daytime activitiesB. sleeping habitsC. mental problemsD. studying methods【参考答案】21．C【精析】细节题。

2015年9月公共英语二级考试真题及答案（阅读）转眼2016下半年公共英语考试即将来临，不少同学也正在准备2016下半年公共英语考试，但也有不少同学表示在网上买的真题没有2015-2016年的真题，下面学优网将公共英语考试的历年真题都进行汇总。

2016年3月的peta1级的真题已经整理出来，今天再将2015年9月的pets1级真题整理好，下面是去年9月份公共英语二级阅读真题及答案，提前助大家顺利备考、复习。

第一节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A.、B.、C.、D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Text lIt’ s a time when school, homework, active social lives and part-time jobs keep teenagers (少年 ) busy from early in the morning until late at night. They are likely to try to make up for a lack of sleep by “sleeping in” on the weekends. Unfortunately, this causes irregular sleep and actually makes the problem worse.Most teenagers are not able to fall asleep until late at night. Since many teens aren’t sleepy until around 11 p.m., but need to be at school by:0 or: 00a. m., they cannot get enough sleep. During puberty(青春期), the biological clock in the brain naturally re-sets to a later time, and this causes teens to fall asleep later. Then, when it’ s time to get up, a teen’ s body clock is likely to still be producing the night-time hormones(荷尔蒙). This makes it hard for them to feel active and energetic in the morning.A growing body of research suggests that starting high school later improves attendance, achievements and grades. A few years ago in an important study, test scores on the SAT college entrance exams in Edina, Minnesota jumped more than 100 points on average, when the morning school bell rang an hour later. Unfortunately, most schools are not set up to start later and fail to satisfy teen’s sleep needs.1. What effect does “sleeping in”on the weekends have on teenagers?A. Improving their health.B. Weakening their energy.C. Disturbing their biological clock.D. Making up for their hormone loss.2. The study in Minnesota shows that startingmorning school one hour later helps to________.A. make teenagers grow fasterB. change teenagers’ sleep needsC. do more research on teenagersD. improve students’ achievements3. The text helps us to know more about teenagers’12345免责声明：本文仅代表作者个人观点,与本网无关。

2015年9月公共英语二级真题及答案解析(1~5/共5题)听力理解对话一听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

Play00:0001:44Volume第1题What are the speakers talking about?A.Holiday plans.B.Moving to New York.C.A party with old friends.第2题What is the woman going to do on Sunday?A.Go to the beach with the man.B.Have a dinner with her family.C.Receive some guests at home.第3题What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.ColleaguesB.NeighborsC.Strangers第4题What do we know about John’s new job?A.It is well paid.B.It is near his home.C.It has long working hours.第5题What does Kate promise to do?A.Answer phone calls for Jim.B.Go to a meeting with Jim.C.Send a message to Jim.下一题(6~7/共15题)对话二听下面每段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒种；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2015年9月3日雅思考试回忆及解析听力(网友版)Section1: 填空询问租房的场景，常规的要填地址电话日期section2：旅游场景，是一个昆士兰旅游活动的介绍单选多选都有section3：一个图关于机器部件的....讨论一个磨谷物的机器，貌似是grain millsection4：讲动物，关于濒危种群听力考试概述：Section 1 旧题。

住宿场景-租房咨询。

填空10。

Section 2 旧题。

旅游场景-旅游景点介绍。

单选6+多选4。

Section 3 旧题。

学术场景-新型磨面机讨论。

配对6+单选4。

Section 4 旧题。

学术讲座-濒危动物。

填空10。

本场考试题目四旧零新。

填空20题，选择配对20题，非常均衡。

Section 3有匹配类图示题较为特殊，其余题目均较为常规.阅读(网友版)Passage1: 讨论人类行为Passage2: 讲urban coyote(北美草原的小狼)Passage3: 讲动物的创造性和认知能力作文(网友版)小作文：柱形图，谈School A & School B的五门课程受欢迎人数的比较。

大作文：People are afraid to leave their homes for fear of crimes. Some people believe that more action should be taken to prevent crimes while others think that little could be done. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.大作文很多人因为犯罪越来越多不敢走出家门，有人认为更多的措施可以防止犯罪而有些人认为能做的很少，讨论并给观点。

口语(网友版)口语考试整体概述：雅思口语已经进入了9月换题月。

雅思口语话题每年都有三次大变化，分别是一月、五月和九月。

new weapon to fight cancer1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer， which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.2. If successful， virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer， while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.3. Leonard Seymour， a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University， who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US， will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.4. One of the country's leading geneticists， Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly， while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle， you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy，" he said.5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that， the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour， viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate，you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process，" said Prof Seymour.7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours， which could be quite different to anything we've had before."8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system， effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it，" he said.11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour， it replicates， but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour， the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers， called metastases， which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers；75% of them go on to die from metastases，" said Prof Seymour.13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials：adenovirus， which normally causes a cold-like illness， and vaccinia， which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons， both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial， but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours， in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed， eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses， before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at firstfor cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments， Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？ For questions 1-6 writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.Virus therapy， if successful， has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely ina tumor and replicate.5.To infect the cancer cells， a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage， choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers8.To treat tumors spreading out in body， researchers try to(A) change the body’ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates， the copies(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading outQuestions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.In the first clinical trials， scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia， so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the ri ght ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancersList of Wordsdosage responding smallpox virusdisable natural ones injectdirected treatment cold-like illnesskill patients examinedAnswers Keys：1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful， virus therapy could eventually forma third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer， while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王婧考试日期 2015年2月7日Reading Passage 1Title History of Sahara（历史类）(V120616 P1)Question types TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Short answer questions Summary文章内容回顾A. On October 13,2,000, a small team of palaeontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere, on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg, turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a “desert within a desert”a California-size ocean of sand and rock, where a single massive dune might stretch a hundred miles, and the combination of 120-degree heat and inexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day. The harsh conditions, combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government, have kept the region largely unexplored.B. Mike Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team, headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes. He crested the first slope and stared in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with bones. He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Land Rovers. ‘I found some bones:' Hettwer said, when the team had regrouped. "But they're not dinosaurs. They're human."C. In the spring of 2005 Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in Italy, inviting her to accompany him on a return to the site. Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert, and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul Sereno. His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed farfetched, given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists would later be skeptical; one sniped that he was just a “moonlighting paleontologist." But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper. She agreedto join him.D. Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. She held a Kiffian sherd next to a Tenerian one. “What is so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived more than a thousand years apart.E. Over the next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-- along with five American excavators, five Tuareg guides, and five soldiers from Niger's army, sent to protect the camp from bandits-- made a detailed map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero, after the Tuareg name for the area. They exhumed eight burials and collected scores of artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake bed adjacent to t he dunes, they found dozens of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't just going after small fry: Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast of a fish that can weigh nearly 300 pounds, as well as crocodile and hippo bones.F. Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season. In the meantime, he carefully removed one tooth from each of four skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating. The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burials at roughly 9,000 years old, the heart of the Kiffian era. The smaller “sleeping” skeletons turned out to be about 6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period. At least now the scientists knew who was who.G. In the fall of 2006 they returned to Gobero, accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to excavate some 80 burials, and the team began digging. As the skeletons began to emerge from the dunes, each presented a fresh riddle, especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth.H. Even at the site, Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together some clues. Judging by the bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful, hardworking people. “The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they weren't doing much fighting,” he told me. “And these guys were strong.” He pointed to a long, narrow ridge running along a femur. “That’s the muscle attachment,” he said. “This individual had huge leg muscles, which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuouslifestyle-- both consistent with a fishing way of life.” For contrast, he showed me the femur of a Tenerian male. The ridge was barely perceptible. “This guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle,” he said, “which you might expect of a herder."I. Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian were herders fits the prevailing view among scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000 years ago, when drier conditions favored herding over hunting. But if the Tenerian were herders, Sereno pointed out, where were the herds? Among the hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site, none belonged to goats or sheep, and only three came from a cow species. “It’s not unusual for a herding culture not to slaughter their cattle, particularly in a cemetery，M Garcea responded, noting that even modem pastoralists, such as Niger’s Wodaabe, are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned, the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.J. Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to analyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans’ health and diet. Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth, which could reveal the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian — and possibly link them to descendants living today. Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remain to be excavated. But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes, time is running out. “Every archaeological site has a life cycle，” Garcea said. “It begins when people begin to use the place, followed by disuse, then nature takes over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is at the end of its life.”两个考古学家找骨头，然后研究两种人（K和T）的历史。

2015年10月31日雅思阅读真题（网友回忆版）2015年10月31日雅思阅读回忆(网友版)阅读两新一旧passage1是讲脸盲症，针对一种人容易对别人的面庞无意识的解释。

说怎样研究他们忘性大，还说了先天和后天的两种可能性passage2 讲新西兰海水养殖。

有标题题和配对题，文章说新西兰的方法能创造收益还能维持海洋生态，还讨论这个模式遇到的问题passage3 讲一个人的书，貌似在批评说那个书的缺点集中在哪些方面。

延伸阅读：雅思阅读评分标准(一)介绍类学术说明文的结构要判断文章类别，一般看标题就可以了。

介绍类文章是对某事物或现象进行描述或介绍，所以标题一般为名词短语或者以How开头的疑问句。

具体结构如下：Introduce a phenomenon or a fact.Detailed Description:Timeline/Different Aspects/Logic DevelopmentLook into the future/Summary无论什么文章，起始段总是引出主题，所以多用叙述描写性语言，或介绍现象，或陈述事实，或交代问题。

在介绍类说明文中，中间断落是对事物细节的展开描述，各种话题可以通过三种不同方式展开。

第一类时间顺序，通常用于陈述一个历史事件，例如剑五中的“Johnson’s Dictionary”就是这一类。

第二类并列或递进，从各个侧面来介绍，例如剑四中的“What Do Whales feel?”，一看标题就知道是介绍鲸鱼各个感官的，属于并列结构。

第三类是逻辑顺序，据笔者统计，环境自然类文章多依照这种顺序，下文对此会作详细评述，这里不再赘言。

(二)论证类文章的结构(1)实验类文章Introduce ExperimentPreexperiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods)Experiment ProcessResult (Collecting Data)Analyses and Syntheses在雅思阅读中，实验类文章结构最为固定。

是非题—FALSE的判断
情形五：情况不等同
原文中包含条件状语，如if，unless , if not, but for、except for。 题目中没有表示条件状语的成份,只讲出符 合这些条件的结果，是没有根据的论断。
是非题—FALSE的判断
题目：The international society has often criticized the Internet because it is not safe. 原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the international society as a newlyemerging dangerous tool in the hands of terrorists. 分析：原文有条件in the hands of terrorists.
2
是非题—FALSE的判断
情形一：直接相反
常见标志词：
反义词 加not 反义结构
完全矛盾
是非题—FALSE的判断
题目：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as “are there any rainforests in Africa?” 原文： Secondary school students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. 分析： yes/no questions 与open-form questions矛盾
是非题—FALSE的判断
情形二：条件不等同
原文是多个条件并列，题目只是其中一个条 件（出现must或only）。 原 文 是 两 个 或 多 个 情 形 都 可 以 ， 常 有 both…and, and, or 及 also 等 词 ， 题 目 只 是 “必须”或“只有”其中一个情况，或 must/ only等。

殿廷版雅思阅读真题库REAL IELTS READING EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS_DT ENGLISH ACADEMY殿廷教育简介殿廷教育（DIAN TING ENGLISH ACADEMY）由前雅思考官Roxanne 创办，是一家致力于雅思在线培训的教学机构。

该机构全部由资深外教授课，老师均拥有丰富的教学经验（学生多为日、韩、中国考生，多少学生在考试中取得了7分及以上的好成绩）我们常年跟踪研究雅思出题动态，总结了一套行之有效的教学方法。

在殿廷教育，老师不仅仅是员工，同时也是合伙人，因此专业水平和服务态度是其他机构所不能比拟的。

我们因专注而专业，因专业所以值得您的信赖。

除了阅读真题库、听力机经，我们还提供个性化的口语答案，完全依照考生个人情况私人订制专属口语答案，避免在考场上和其他考生出现雷同答案，助您轻松得高分。

此外，我们还有前雅思考官口语一对一全真模考、辅导，以及写作批改等个性化服务。

您可以用手机扫描右下方的店铺二维码找到我们。

在备考雅思的路上您一直有我们的陪伴，殿廷教育是您最好的选择。

我们多用心一点，您少担心一点。

雅思阅读真题库使用说明雅思阅读真题库是殿廷雅思专业外教花费大量心血整理综合网上的资料并根据雅思阅读原文高度还原的真题库，还原后的考题与雅思官方考题出题点一致，只在表述上稍有不同。

需要指出的是，在每次考试中雅思官方都会对考题做一些调整，即文章相同，考题稍有不同。

因此阅读真题库的正确使用方法是，考生尽可能在有限的时间内去熟悉出题点，做到对文章的宏观把握，而不是机械地记忆答案。

掌握了出题点之后可以帮助考生在考场上大大节约时间去做其他的文章。

1342s3The Persuaders28YES29NOT GIVEN30YES31NO32B33C34D35C36trolleys37aisles38loyalty card39cosmetics40group1329s2Food for Thought14viii15ii16iv17x18i19v20vii21H22F23I24A25C26B27E1428s3Music：Language We All Speak27iii28vii29iv30i31viii32F33B34E35D36G37A38C39C40C1427s1Chinese Ancient Chariots14TRUE15FALSE16NOT GIVEN17elm1818to3219struts20bronze21dish22lubricating oil23neck24sand25complex14278s3The Rainmaker Design27.YES28.NO29.YES30.NOT GIVEN31.NO32.hot dry air33.moist34.heat35.condenser36.(pure)distilled water37.fans38.solar panels39.construction cost40.environmentally-friendly1411s1Animal's Self-Medicating1True2Not Given3False4True5pith6terpenes7alkaloids8detoxify9hooks10G11D12E13C1436s1PRT and RUF system1True2False3Not Given4Not Given5True6False7A8C9C10A11B12B13C,E,F1336s1Children and Food Advertising1viii2ii3vi4v5i6x7iii8NO9NO10YES11NOT GIVEN12YES13NOT GIVEN1449s2Pollution in the Bay1E2C3H4B5C6B7B8A9FALSE10NOT GIVEN11FALSE12TRUE13TRUE13167s1Seed Hunting14drugs and crops15extinction16pioneers17Sir Joseph Banks18underground vaults 19TRUE20NOT GIVEN21TRUE22TRUE23FALSE24TRUE25-26In any orderA foodB fuel1312s1Detection of a Meteorite Lake14TRUE15NOT GIVEN16FALSE17TRUE18FALSE19(high-pressure)air gun20sound energy/sound wave21(long)cable22hydrophones/underwater microphones 23ship container/shipping container24seismic reflection profiling25laboratory26three-dimensional/3D image27fishing nets1313s1Biomimetic Design1NOT GIVEN2FALSE3True4False5NOT GIVEN6False7True8the same way9carbon-fiber10limbs/legs and feets11self-cleaning12surveillance13lifesaving1311s2TV Addiction14TRUE15FALSE16TRUE17NOT GIVEN18-20ACD21D22B23A24E25popular pastime26TV addicts27orienting response14150s3Compliance or Noncompliance for Children27B28C29C30A31D32F33D34E35A36NO37YES38YES39YES40NOTGIVEN1311s1Bamboo1E2D3B4A5D6C7B8A9B10B11D12soil erosion 13paper15109s3Children's Literature14stories15America16folklore17fairy-stories18adventures19C20A21E22False23True24NotGiven25True26True1333s1Longaeva:Ancient Bristlecone Pine14H15B16C17A18D19A20C21energy,22stratification,23（bands of）bark,24（dry mountain）air,25ground cover,26distance15133s3Communication in Science27B28A29C30D31C32TRUE33NOT GIVEN34FALSE35FALSE36word choices37colloquial terminology38observer39description40general relativity1303s2Biodiversity14TRUE15FALSE16TRUE17TRUE18FALSE19NOT GIVEN20NOT GIVEN21keystone(species) 22fig family/figs23(sea)urchins24cactus moth25Australia26public education1348s2Australian water filter14.clay15.water16.straw17.cow manure18.950degrees19.60minutes20.FALSE21.TRUE22.NOT GIVEN23.NOT GIVEN24.C25.D26.A1435s1The Pearl1B2D3E4E5TRUE6FALSE7NOT GIVEN8B9J10K11F12C13D1411s2Amateur Naturalists27B28C29H30G31E32D33A34beekeeping(notes)35life cycle(s)36drought(s)37C38B39A40A1309s1T-rex Hunter 1TRUE2FALSE3NOT GIVEN4TRUE5NOT GIVEN6TRUE7FALSE8shin bone9slow walker10cheetah11run fast12blunt13crush10006s3Flight from Reality28navigation and communications 29radiation30antennae31smoke32C33D34B35E36A37TRUE38TRUE39NOT GIVEN40TRUE1430s1What Are You Laughing at？1D2B3A4C5B6A7H8F9I10D11FALSE12NOT GIVEN13TRUE1416s1Animal Minds:Parrot Alex14NOT GIVEN15NOT GIVEN16FALSE17TRUE18TRUE19FALSE20particularly chosen21chimpanzees22100English words23avian cognition24color25wrong pronunciation26teenager1307s1Learning by Examples14E15A16D17C18False19True20False21True22less23social24watched25observer26Nutcracker1422s1The Innovation of Grocery Stores14.D15A16.F17.C18.E19.clerk20.lobby21.galleries22.stockroom23.customers/shoppers24.C25B26.C1438s2Bird Migration28iv29i30ii31vii32x33v34viii35-36in any order35A36B37parental guidance38compass39(daytime)predators 40visible14273s1The Effects of Living ina Noisy World185dBA2secondhandnoise3high-frequency4stomach contractions5noise maps6D7A8C9E10B11Nonauditory effects12acoustical tile13street designs1333s2storytelling,From Prehistoric Caves to Modern Cinemas14D15G16A17B18H19B20B21C22A23Poetics24tragedy25landmarks26flaw/weakness1444s2left-handedor right-handed2814C29A30B31F32D33D34B35C36A37Yes38No39Not Given40Not Given1307s2Exploring theBritish Village14-19：14v15iii16iv17vi18x19i20-24：20cottages21Domesday Book22self-sufficient23remnants24triangular25-2625I26F1432s3The legend ofEaster Island27v28ii29iii30viii31NOT GIVEN32TRUE33FALSE34FALSE35NOT GIVEN36TRUE37growing population38racist assumption39archeologicaland historical40inhumane behavior14133s1Ecotourism1A2D3C4B5A6C7D8A9B10sustainable11adventure12tropical forest13illegal killing1304s2We have Star performers14C15F16B17G18NOT GIVEN19YES20NO21YES22analysts/star-stock analysts23performance star/star/star performer 24working environment/settings25salary26rivals10007Sand Dunes27i28v29x30vii31ix32ii33vi34iv35B36C37barchans38compound39tones40deserts1345s1The Color of Butterfly28E29B30G31F32D33False34True35NOT GIVEN36False37NOT GIVEN38True39D40B1201s1Consecutive and Simultaneous Translation1B2D3C4C5A62-3seconds710seconds8100-12092001095-16411B12C13E14F1332s2Art in Iron and Steel14C15E16H17B18A19G20Abraham Darby III21timber22Severn River23Coalbrookdale museum24B25D26G1327s1Radio Automation1chip2grit3molten zinc4milling machine5Robot hands6valves7loudspeakers8cheaper9components10lighter11cost12A13C1415s2Activities for Children ABCDTTNGFCBCAB1308s3Memory Decoding27E28D29B30F3130seconds32specific person33loci method34synesthesia35practice36YES37YES38NO39NOT GIVEN40NO1426s1Child Development in Western Societies28.TRUE29.FALSE30.FALSE31.NOT GIVEN32.TRUE33.FALSE34.TRUE35.Industrialization36.Social reformers37.play and educationeful child39.half-time schools40.going to school1337s1Amazing Animal:Otter1C2A3G4E5B6D7F8C9Salt water10Sight11Swimming speed12Coastal otters13Moles1449s1Brunel:'The Practical Prophet' ACBGGEFBCAustralia，4000，telegraphic cable，Suez Canal1338s2The Evolutional Mystery:Crocodile Survives14ii15vi16v17iv18ix19viii20x21dry season或者hot season；或者dry period均可22water23four months24body mass25dehydration:26growth。

Passage 1 ： 题⽬：Seed Hunting 内容：濒危种⼦ 题型：填空概括题4+判断题6+多选题2 题号：旧题 ⽂章参考： Seed Hunting With quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock the preserve the Earth's botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the globe, scouringjungles，forests and savannas. But they‘re not looking for ancient artefacts，lost treasure or undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for profit hunters in the employ of biotechnologyfirms，pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species. Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Trade scant, an English royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later， the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks-who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the end of the 18th century—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around the world at his own expense. Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modem mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren，a good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field⼀he could easily be mistaken for the cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank，an 80 million [pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to protect the world's most endangered wild plant species. The group's headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare Estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5，100 species represented are virtually all of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country‘s flora. Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity’s efforts，an estimated 25 percent of the world's plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale，and during the past 400 years，plant species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being ‘normal’. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries alone. The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops，plants are a source of many machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet，across the globe，plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are discovered. The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild，it won‘t be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or destroyed environment or in scientific research to find new benefits for society- in medicine, agriculture or local industry- that would otherwise be Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world’s plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith，another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers，" he says. "Storage is the basis what we do，conserving seeds until you can use them-just as in farming." Smith says there's no reason why any plant species should become extinct，given today’s technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge is finding，naming and categorising all the world's plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it’s too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing this，" he says." The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire." There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe，with a combined total of 5.4 million samples，of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order to ensure cropdiversity; others aim to conserve wild species，although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild. Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds. Last year, Imperial College, London，examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries，budget had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust，which aims to raise US $260 million to protect seed banks in perpetuity. 题⽬参考： Question 14-19 TRUE/FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 14. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. True 15. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. Not given 16. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. True 17. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. True 18. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. False 19. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. True Question 20-24 Summary Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 20 extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 21 drugs，crops. They are called seed hunters. The 22 pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 23 Sir Joseph Banks，who financially supported collectors out of his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks，one of which is the famous millennium seed bank，where seeds are all stored in the 24 underground vaults at a low temperature. Question 25-26 Multiple choice Which TWO of the following are provided by plants to the human? AB A food B fuels C clothes D energy E commercial products (顺序可能有误，仅供参考) Passage 2 : 题⽬：Implication of False Belief Experiments 内容：错误信念实验 题型：段落信息配对题7+概括题7 参考⽂章：(⽂章为部分回忆贫选，仅供参考) Implication of False Belief Experiments A A considerable amount of research since the mid 1980s has been concerned with what has been termed children’s theory of mind. This involves children’s ability to understand that people can have different beliefs and representations of the world -a capacity that is shown by four years of age. Furthermore, this ability appears to be absent in children with autism. The ability to work out what another person is thinking is clearly an important aspect of both cognitive and social development. Furthermore, one important explanation for autism is that children suffering from this condition do not have a theory of mind (TOM). Consequently, the development of children’s TOM has attracted considerable attention. B Wimmer and Pemer devised a 'false belief task5 to address this question. They used some toys to act out the followingstory. Maxi left some chocolate in a blue cupboard before he went out. When he was away his mother moved the chocolate to a green cupboard. Children were asked to predict where Maxi will look for his chocolate when he returns. Most children under four years gave the incorrect answer，that Maxi will look in the green cupboard. Those over four years tended to give the correct answer, that Maxi will look in the blue cupboard. The incorrect answers indicated that the younger children did not understand that Maxi’s beliefs and representations no longer matched the actual state of the world, and they failed to appreciate that Maxi will act on the basis of his beliefs rather than the way that the world is actually organised. C A simpler version of the Maxi task was devised by Baron-Cohen to take account of criticisms that younger children may have been affected by the complexity and too much information of the story in the task described above. For example, the child is shown two dolls， Sally and Anne, who have a basket and a box，respectively. Sally also has a marble，which she places in her basket，and then leaves to take a walk. While she is out of the room，Anne takes the marble from the basket, eventually putting it in the box. Sally returns, and the child is then asked where Sally will look for the marble. The child passes the task if she answers that Sally will look in the basket，where she put the marble; the child fails the task if she answers that Sally will look in the box，where the child knows the marble is hidden，even though Sally cannot know, since she did not see it hidden there. In order to pass the task，the child must be able to understand that another’s mental representation of the situation is different from their own，and the child must be able to predict behavior based on that understanding. The results of research using false-belief tasks have been fairly consistent: most normally-developing children are unable to pass the tasks until around age four. D Leslie argues that，before 18 months，children treat the world in a literal way and rarely demonstrate pretence. He also argues that it is necessary for the cognitive system to distinguish between what is pretend and what is real. If children were not able to do this, they would not be able to distinguish between imagination and reality. Leslie suggested that this pretend play becomes possible because of the presence of a de-coupler that copies primary representations to secondary representations. For example, children，when pretending a banana is a telephone, would make a secondary representation of a banana. They would manipulate this representation and they would use their stored knowledge of 'telephone5 to build on this pretence. E There is also evidence that social processes play a part in the development of TOM. Meins and her colleagues have found that what they term mindmindedness in maternal speech to six-month old infants is related to both security of attachment and to TOM abilities. Mindmindedness involves speech that discusses infants5 feelings and explains their behaviour in terms of mental states (e. g. < you’re feeling hungry’).。

Time to cool it1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and justa little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century， but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it， and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by， for example， a person， and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists， however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.4 As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has， nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money， though， may be in cooling computers.5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law， which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months， is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact， it more than doubles， because besides increasing in number，the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company，Intel， in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃， they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two， and then four， subunits， in order to spread the thermal load， also seems to have the end of the road in sight.7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon， the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials， this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics， a significant body of researchers is already working on it.8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely， but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice， this trick is hard to pull off， and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or， at least， than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless， Rama Venkatasubramanian， of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina， claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri， of the University of California， Santa Cruz， says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.9 The last word in computer cooling， though， may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor， and thence to a radiator， where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this， IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future， therefore， a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old， as it were， hand in hand with the new.Questions 1-5 Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.A. AppleB. IBMC. IntelD. Alex MischenkoE. Ali ShakouriF. Rama Venkatasubramanian1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.Questions 6-9 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.Question 10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect？A. Tweaking the processors？heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present，scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration， especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.Key and Explanations：1. DSee Paragraph 3： ...Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...2. CSee Paragraph 5： The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company， Intel，in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second.3. FSee Paragraph 8： ...Rama Venkatasubramanian， of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina， claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.4. ESee Paragraph 8： Ali Shakouri， of the University of California， Santa Cruz，says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.5. BSee Paragraph 9： To improve on this， IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.6. TRUESee Paragraph 2： ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.7. FALSESee Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has，nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges？8. FALSESee Paragraph 5： Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.9. NOT GIVENSee Paragraph 9： In the future， therefore， a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.10. DSee Paragraph 6： Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ？has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems？also seems to have the end of the road in sight.11. heatSee Paragraph 1： Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.12. paraelectricSee Paragraph 3： Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.13. thermoelectricSee Paragraph 7： ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials，this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics， a significant body of researchers is already working on it.14. radiatorSee Paragraph 9： The last word in computer cooling， though， may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.。

Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，”says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder， US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the SleepDisorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolve d”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： Patient advocacy groups …stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.。

2015年9月19日雅思阅读真题回忆今天小编给大家带来的主要内容是2015年9月19日雅思阅读真题回忆。

Passage 1题材：自然环境题目：How deserts grow题型：判断7+填空6文章大意：沙漠形成的原因，形式及其影响参考答案：1. "desertification"第一次是在DB(地点)使用的NOT GIVEN2. 沙漠化地区占地球表面20%. FALSE3. 沙漠化形成把人们赶到了不适合耕种的地方TRUE4. 多下雨会使土地肥沃NOT GIVEN5. 由于沙漠化人口减少。

FALSE6. NOT GIVEN7. 沙漠化现象在Africa地区要比别的地方严重。

TRUE8. 草的消失由animals造成9. trees destroyed for erosion10. more sunlight was back to the atmosphere.11. evaporation 的量増加了13. dust 和smoke 形成了Particles(答案仅供参考)Passage 2 ：题材：动物类题目：Australia Parrots题型：匹配6+选择3+填空4文章大意：Australia Parrots起源地由于环境的变迁以及现状参考答案：14. one example of one parrot species survive from the change of environment. D15. F16. G17. J18. C19. H20. parrot都分布在哪些地区？C in the continent which split up.21. 关于parrot beaks 哪一项是对的？D22、nesting的确定是什么？D23. one-sixth in Australia24. as early as 16th century25. map maker cartographer26. in 1865，……(答案仅供参考)Passage 3 ：题材：科技类题目：Multitasking题型：单选5+匹配4+判断5参考文章(非考试原文)：Multitasking DebateCan you do them at the same time？Talking on the phone while driving isn't the only situation where we1 re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. New studies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we are fundamentally incapable of true multitasking If experimental findings reflect real-world performance，people who think they are multitasking are probably just underperforming in all — or at best，all but one - of their parallel pursuits. Practice might improve your performance，but you will never be as good as when focusing on one task at a time.The problem，according to Rene Marois，a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville，Tennessee，is that there's a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this，Marois devised an experiment to locate it Volunteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears，a red circle，say，they have to press a key with their index finger. Different coloured circles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second，and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance，when they hear a bird chirp，they have to say "ba〃；an electronic sound should elicit a "ko"，and so on. Again，no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second，with almost no effort.The trouble comes when Marois shows the volunteers an image，and then almost immediately plays them a sound Now they' re flummoxed."If you show an image and play a sound at the same time，one task is postponed，he says. In fact，if the second task is introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to the first，it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously；delays progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens.There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck，says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we‘re looking at This can take a few tenths of a second，during which time we are not able to see and recognize a second item. This limitation is known as the "attentional blink" ：experiments have shown that if you're watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any time within this crucial window of concentration，it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to actupon it Interestingly，if you don7 t expect the first event，you have no trouble responding to the second. What exactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It' s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time，fewer if they are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain，in part，our astonishing inability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical，so-called "change blindness" . Show people pairs of near-identical photos - say，aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other - and they will fail to spot the differences. Here again，though，there is disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does it come down to a dearth of storage capacity，oris it about how much attention a viewer is paying？A third limitation is that choosing a response to a stimulus — braking when you see a child in the road，for instance，or replying when your mother tells you over the phone that she' s thinking of leaving your dad —also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things will delay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other* This is called the "response selection bottleneck" theory，first proposed in 1952.But David Meyer，a psychologist at the University of Michigan，Ann Arbor，doesn't buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-task interference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritise multiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his peers. He has written papers with titles like "Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task. people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn to perform better，brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was a change in the way their brains become active. While if s clear that practice can often make a difference，especially as we age，the basic facts remain sobering. \ have this impression of an almighty complex brain/，says Marois，"and yet we have very humbling and crippling limits/' For most of our history，we probably never needed to do more than one thing at a time，he says，and so we haven't evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in future，though. We might yet look back one day on people like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.参考答案：27. RM (A名)的实验目的是什么？D29. 28. DM (A名)的观点是什么？B两个人共同同意的是什么？D30、A31. 21 B32. attractional blink. C33. change blindness E34. bottleneck A35. adaptive executive B36、NOT GIVEN37. NO[1]38. 8‘ NOT GIVENYESYES(答案仅供参考)以上是2015年9月19日雅思阅读真题回忆的全部内容，大家可以参考一下。