机械专业英语(第三版)第4章

机械专业英语第三版课后答案1、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few2、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] * A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take3、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and4、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for5、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______. [单选题] *A. takes offB. is taking off(正确答案)C. has taken offD. took off6、Look! There are some boats ______ the river.（）[单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. overC. betweenD. in7、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice8、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued9、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who10、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.（）[单选题] *A. yours; myB. your; mine(正确答案)C. your; meD. yours; mine11、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)12、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)13、67．—What can I do for you?—I'm looking at that dress.It looks nice.May I ________？[单选题] *A．hold it onB．try it on(正确答案)C．take it offD．get it off14、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles15、26．There’s some fruit in the kitchen. We ________ buy any. [单选题] *A．need toB．needn’t toC．don’t needD．don’t need to(正确答案)16、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken17、—______ Tom play the piano?—Yes, very well. （）[单选题] *A. Can(正确答案)B. MayC. MustD. Should18、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful19、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do20、What time _______ he get home every day? [单选题] *A. isB. does(正确答案)C. doD. am21、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would22、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice23、Our campus is _____ big that we need a bike to make it. [单选题] *A. veryB. so(正确答案)C. suchD. much24、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you25、What did you _______ at the meeting yesterday? [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. say(正确答案)D. talk26、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that27、--_______ does Ben go to school?--By bus. [单选题] *A. How(正确答案)B. WhatC. WhereD. Why28、37．—What will you be ___________?—I'm not sure. Maybe I'll be a doctor like my father. [单选题] *A．right nowB．in the future(正确答案)C．at onceD．at the moment29、The family will have _______ good time in Shanghai Disneyland. [单选题] *A. theB. a(正确答案)C. anD. /30、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)。

《机械工程专业英语》词汇Chapter One Mechanics Components 第一章机械构件 Lesson One 第一课齿轮 Words and Expressions1.spur gear 直齿轮2.thermal expansion 热膨胀3.lubrication润滑4.backlash倾向间隙5.the pitch circles节圆6.space width间隙宽度7.instrument gear仪表齿轮8.the split gear拼合齿轮9.helical gear斜齿轮10.pitch-line velocities节线速度11.an axial thrust轴向推力12.blank 坯件13.double-helical gears 人字齿轮14.non-intersecting不相交的15.worm gears蜗轮蜗杆16.bevel gears伞齿轮17.crossed-axis交叉轴18.nut 螺母19.screw丝杠螺钉rge rations 大速比21.parallel-shaft gears平行轴齿轮22.single-thread worms单线蜗杆23.lead angles导角24.multiple-thread worms多线蜗杆25.hypoid gear偏轴伞齿轮26.rolling Cones滚锥27.involutes渐开线，Lesson Two Rolling Guides and Bearings 第二课滚动导轨和轴承Words and Expressions1.rolling guides (rolling guideways) 滚动导轨2.plain guides普通导轨3.a roller chain滚柱链4.cape保持架5.guide surfaces导轨面6.stiffness 刚性7.load-carrying capacity 载荷能力8.rolling-contact bearings滚动轴承9.ball bearing球轴承10.an inner race 内座圈11.an outer race外座圈12.separator 隔离环13.curvature曲率14.notch 凹槽15.thrust load 推力负载16.a radial ball bearing经向球轴承17.sections断面18.an axial-thrust bearing轴向推力轴承19.washer 垫圈20.roller bearing 滚子轴承21.tapered 锥形的22.spherical球面的23.retaining shoulder 定位肩24.needle bearing滚针轴承25.tapered roller bearings锥形滚子轴承26.spherical roller bearings 球面滚子轴承27.concave凹面的28.convex凸面的Lesson Three Clutches第三课离合器Word and Expressions1.coaxial (coaxial) 同轴的，共轴的2.a rotatable shaft (driven shaft) 从动轴3.a rotating shaft (driving shaft) 主动轴4.friction clutches磨擦离合器5.ring-shaped环形的6.spring弹簧7.a conical spool锥形短管轴8.coefficient of friction磨擦系数9.facing衬片10.dry clutches干式离合器11.wet clutches 湿式离合器12.a multiple-plate disc clutch多片式圆盘离合器13.spline花键14.pivot枢轴15.magnetic clutches电磁离合器16.an annular gap环状间隙17.powder iron铁粉18.graphite石墨19.direct-current control coil直流控制线圈20.slippage滑动Lesson Four Ball screw and nuts 第四课滚珠丝杠螺母副Words and Expressions1.precision ball screw assembly 精密滚珠丝杠副2.auto-drafting machines自动制图机3.valves阀门4.metallurgical machinery冶金机械5.satellite tracers卫星跟踪仪6.steering gears转向机构7.stick-slip 爬行循环8.rolling guideways滚动导轨9.recirculating-ball screw滚珠丝杠10. feed mechanisms 进给机构11. wear 磨损12. damping property 阻尼性13. tangential 切向的14. circumferential 圆周的15. thread pitch螺距16. a ball-return track回珠滚道17. a return tube回珠管18. shock-free无冲击19. stiffness刚性20. freedom from免除21. pre-load预载Chapter Two Constructure and Technology of Machine Tools第二章机床结构及工艺Lesson One Size, Bed and Tailstock of Engine lathe第一课普通车床的尺寸、床身及尾架Words and Expressionsthe (turning lathe, engine lathe, tuning machine) 车床2.the live center point 活顶尖3.swing 回转直径4.bed 床身5.ways导轨6.Carriage 床鞍7.Cross-feed slide 横进给刀架8.Headstock主轴箱9.tailstock. 尾架10. rack 齿条11. pinion gear小齿轮12. handwheel 手轮13. hardened steel 淬火钢14. flame-hardened ways 火焰淬火导轨15. the distance between centers项尖距16. taper shank锥形车削17. tailstock spindle 尾架锥柄18. taper shank 套筒19. three-jaw chuck三爪卡盘20. roller bearing滚子轴承21. lubrication润滑22. workpiece工件Lesson Two Headstock of Engine Lathe第二课普通车床的主轴箱Words and Expressions1.spindle 主轴2.taper sleeve锥套3.live center轴心活顶针4.the threaded spindle nose螺纹主轴头5.the cam lock spindle nose凸轮锁紧主轴头6.the long taper key drive spindle nose长锥键传动主轴头7.flange法兰盘8.Chuck卡盘9.Cam lock stud、凸轮锁紧短轴10. Collar 轴环11. faceplate套圈12. keyway花盘，键槽13. back gear背轮14. bull gear 大齿轮15. sliding pit滑动槽16. groove、槽17. step pulley塔轮18. drive pulley主动轮19. driven pulley被动轮20. gear box齿轮变速箱Lesson Three Carriage, Feeding and Threading Mechanism of Engine Lathe第三课普通车床的床鞍、进给和车螺纹机构 Words and Expressions1.Saddle鞍座2.Apron 滑板箱3.Cross slides 横向滑板，横刀架pound rest 复合刀架（转盘）5.tool post小刀架6.tool holder 刀夹7.Clutch 离合器8.Facing 车端面9.Cutoff 切断机动进给10. power feed 动力进给11. split nut (half-nut) 开合螺母12. dovetail way 燕尾导轨13. micrometer collar 千分尺套圈摇柄14. rocker 摇臂15. threading 车螺纹16. gear box 齿轮箱，传动箱17. ring collar 刻度环18. an index chart 指示图19. lead screw丝杠20. feed rod 光杠21. Cross-feed横进给22. Longitudinal feed 纵向进给23. acme threads 梯形螺纹24. right-hand thread右旋螺纹25. left-hand thread 左旋螺纹Lesson Four Word-holding attachments for the lathe and Rough turning第四课车床工件夹紧附件和粗车Words and Expressions1.attachment 附件2.four-jaw independent chuck 四爪单动卡盘3.Collar chuck 套爪卡片4.follower rest 跟刀架5.reducing sleeve 中心架the dog 异径套筒7.bent-tail dog 车床卡爪8.Rough turning 曲尾卡爪9.Rough turning粗车white lead白铅粉Center height中心高end副后角relief后角Clearance angle留隙角 back rake 纵向前角tangent切线caliper卡尺trial cut试切overload过载、Lesson Five Milling Shaper, Planer and Grinding Machines第五课铣床、刨床和磨床Words and Expressionsling machines 铣床ling cutter 铣刀刀杆3.arbor 心轴4.spacer 垫圈、垫片5.bushing套6.yoke 支座7.starting lever 起动手柄8.Knee升降台9.elevating screw 升降丝杆10. index head分度头11. foot stock 分度头支座12. Universal Milling Machine 万能铣床13. Shaper牛头刨床14. plane 龙门刨床15. ram 滑轨16. vise 台钳17. fixture 夹具18. notched wheel or ratchet 棘轮19. pawl 棘爪20. cross rail 横梁21. grinding machine 磨床22. grinding wheel 砂轮23. finish 光洁度24. Cutter grinder 工具磨床25.surface grinder 平面磨床26.centreless grinder 无心磨床27.internal grinder 内圆磨床28.external grinder 外圆磨床29.Wheel head磨头Lesson Six Machine Tool Tests, Accuracy checking and Maintenance 第六课机床试验，精度检验及保养Words and Expressions1.acceptance tests 验收试验2.certificate data 检验证数据3.geometrical accuracy几何精度4.surface roughness 表面粗糙度5.vibration-proof 防振6.straightness 平直度7.flatness 平面度8.upright立柱9.base plate 底板10. deviation 偏差11. parallelism 平行度12. squareness垂直度13. servicing 维修14. inspection检查15. repairs 检修16. maintenance 保养17. rapidly wearing components 易损件18. post-inspections repairs 后检查修理19. periodic repairs定期检修20. routine servicing 日常维修21. general overhaul 大修22. restoration修复Chapter Three Modern Manufacturing Engineering &Development第三章现代制造技术及其发展Lesson One The development of NC 第一课数字控制的发展 Words and Expressions1.vacuum tube 真空管2.electrical relay 继电器3.interface 接口4.integrated circuit(IC) 集成电路5.hardware 硬件6.Read Only Memory(ROM) 只读存储器7.Machining Center 加工中心8.Turning Center车削中心9.electrical discharge machining电火花加工10.drafting制图11.printed circuit(PC) 印刷电路12.robot机械手，机器人13.Subroutine子程序14.tape reading纸带读数15.alarm 报警16.diagnostic message诊断信息17.Constant surface speed control 恒线速控制18.polar coordinate 极座标19.interpolation插补20.microprocessor微处理机21.servo drive伺机服驱动22.pre-amplifier前置放大器23.point-to-point点位24.contouring轮廓控制25.bubble memory磁泡存储器26.macro宏指令27.canned cycle固定循环Lesson Two Open-loop and closed-loop servo drives第二课开环和闭环伺服驱动Words and Expressionsrmation command section 信息命令段2.punched tape code穿孔带码3.magnetic tape code 磁带码4. input data 输入数据5.open-loop开环6.closed-loop 闭环7.automatic washing machine自动洗衣机8.power supply level电源电平9.feedback 反馈10. resolution清晰度11. deterioration恶化，变坏12. discrepancy差误13. subtract logic减法逻辑14. command position counter 指令位置计数器15. drive signal amplifier 伺服信号放大器16. transducer 传感器17. synchro 同步机18. shaft digitizer轴数字读出器19. analog模拟量digital数字式self-correcting自动修正light interruption光中断photo cell光电管electric pulse电脉冲increment增量encoder编码器binary二进制Gray code格雷码Segmentation扇区Lesson Three Hydraulic motors and servo motors第三课液压马达和伺服电机Words and Expressions1.hydraulic motor 液压马达2.oil sump 油箱，油槽3.oil pressure pump 油压力泵4.hydraulic cylinder 液压缸5.valve 阀6.oil flow 油流7.hydrostatic drives 水力驱动，静压驱动8.variable-delivery pump9.piston 活塞10. reciprocating movement 往复运动11. supply line 供应线12. return line 回程线13. the filling cycle14. servomotors 伺服电机15. input command signals 输入命令符号16. step-by-step motors 步进电机17. Phase-shifted18. Amplifier 放大器19. Contact 触点，接头20. Electromagnet 电磁铁。

4机械工程专业英语第四课翻译的基本方法–增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words三、增词与减词（一）增词译法:在对英文进行翻译时，若按字面翻译，句子的结构不完善，或句子的含义不明确，或词汇的概念不清晰时，需要增加某些词语，以便更完善、清楚地表达英语句子的内容。

例：Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performanceincreases weight.直译：效率花费金钱，安全增加复杂性，性能增加重量。

增词译法：对设备(或器件)来说，要提高效率就要增加成本，要想保证安全势必要增加其复杂程度，而要改善性能就要增加其重量。

1. 增加表示时态的概念的词英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的，翻译时必须用一些中文词将其表达出来：Balloons were (and are) usually filled with hydrogen.气球过去（和现在）一般都用氢气来充气。

翻译的基本方法–增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing wordsWe can learn what we did not know.我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。

（过去时）The generator set will start working tomorrow.这台发电机组将于明天开始运行。

（将来时）An object is said to possess kinetic energy if it if moving.如果一个物体在运动，就可以说它有了动能。

（进行时）We have learned how to fit the computer.我们已经学会了怎样安装电脑。

（完成时）Reamers are used to finish drilled holes.绞刀用来将已经钻好了的孔进行精加工。

机器人专业英语机器人专业英语主要教学步骤和教学内容课程回顾：回顾Surface Roughness相关方面的内容新课讲授：In the early days of engineer, the mating of parts was achieved by machining one part as nearly as possible to the required size, machining the mating part nearly to size , and then completing its machining, continually offering the other part to it, until the desired realatin-ship was obtained 1 . If it was inconvenient to offer one part to the other part during machining, the final work was done at the bench by a fitter, who scraped the mating parts until the dessired fit was obtained, the fitter therefore being a “fitter” in the literal sense.在早期的工程（问题）中，配合零件获得的方法是，首先尽可能把一个零件加工到所需尺寸，再将与它配合的零件加工到接近所需尺寸，不断将这两个零件进行试赔，再进一步加工纸获得所需配合的尺寸。

假若在加工中不便于将一个零件与另外一个零件进行试配，那么最后的工作是有钳工在钳工台上完成，钳工刮削配合零件直至达到所需配合，所以“钳工”一词在英语中的意思为“装配者”。

It is obvious that the two parts would have to remain have to remain together, and in the event of one having to be replacecd, the fitting would have to be done all over again. In these days, we expect to be able to purchase a replacement for a broken part, and for it to function correctly without the need for scraping and other fitting operations.显然，两个配合件应该总在一起（工作），当其中任意一个需要替换时，所有的适刮削工作有要从头重做。

Engineering drawing is a graphical language used by engineers and other technical personnelassociated with the engineering profession. The purpose of engineering drawing is to conveygraphically the ideas and information necessary for the construction or analysis ofmachines ,structures，or systems.In colleges and universities，engineering drawing is usually treated in courses with titleslike Engineering Graphics．Sometimes these courses include other topics，such as computergraphics and NomographyThe basis for much engineering drawing is orthographic representation (projection). Objectsare depicted by front, top, side, auxiliary, or oblique views, or combinations of these.The complexity of an object determines the number of views shown. At times, pictorial viewsare shown.Engineering drawings often include such features as various types of lines, dimensions,lettered notes, sectional views, and symbols. They may bein the form of carefully plannedand checked mechanical drawings, or they may be freehand sketches. Usually a sketchprecedes the mechanical drawing. Final drawings are usually made on tracing paper, cloth orMylar film, so that many copies can be made quickly and cheaply by such processes as,blueprinting, ammonia-developed printing, or lithography.Many objects have complicated interior details which cannot be clearly shown by means offront, top, side, or pictorial views. Section views enable the engineer or detailer to showthe interior detail in such cases. Features of sectiondrawings are cutting-plane symbols,which show where imaginary cutting planes are passed to produce the sections, and section-lining (sometimes called cross-hatching), which appears in the section view on all portionsthat have been in contact with the cutting plane. When only a part of the object is to beshown in section, conventional representation such as a revolved, rotated, or broken-outsection is used. Details such as flat surface, knurls, and threads are treatedconventionally, which facilities the making and reading of engineering drawings byexperienced personnel. Thus, certain engineering drawings will be combinations of top andfront views, section and rotated view, and partial or pictorial views.In addition to describing the shape of objects, many drawings must show dimensions, so thatworkers can build the structure or fabricate parts that will fit together. This isaccomplished by placing the required values (measurements) along dimension lines (usuallyoutside the outlines of the object) and by giving additional information in the form ofnotes which are referenced to the parts in question byangled lines called leaders. Indrawings of large structures the major unit is the foot, and in drawings of small objectsthe unit is the inch. In metric dimensioning, the basic unit may be the meter, or themillimeter, depending upon the size of the object or structure.Working types of drawings may differ in styles of dimensioning, lettering (inclinedlowercase, vertical uppercase, and so on), positioning of the numbers (aligned, orunidirectional –a style in which all numbers are lettered horizontally), and in the typeof fraction used (common fractions or decimal fractions).If special precision is required,and upper and lower allowable limit are shown. Such tolerance, or limit, dimensioning isnecessary for the manufacture of interchangeable mating parts, but unnecessarily closetolerances are very expensive.Layout Drawings Layout drawings of different types are used in different manufacturingfields for various purposes.One is the plant layout drawing,in which the outline of the building,work areas, aisles, and individual items of equipment areall drawn to scale. Another typeis the aircraft, or master,layout, which is drawn on glass cloth or on steel or aluminum sheets.The object is drawn to full size with extreme accuracy. The completed drawing is photographed with great precision, and a glass negative made. Fromthis negative,photo templates are made on photosensitized metal in various sizes and for differentpurposes,thereby eliminating the need for many conventional detail drawings.Another type of layout, or preliminary assembly, drawing is the design layout, which establishes the position and clearance of parts of anassembly.A set of working drawings usually includes detail drawings of all parts and an assemblydrawing of the complete unit. Assembly drawings vary somewhat in character according totheir use, as design assemblies or layouts; working drawing assemblies; general assemblies;installation assemblies; and check assemblies. A typical general assembly may includejudicious use of sectioning and identification of each part with a numberedballoon. Accompanying such a drawing is parts list, in which each part is listed by numberand briefly described; the number of pieces required isstated and other pertinentinformation given. Parts lists are best placed on separate sheets and typewritten to avoidtime-consuming and costly hand lettering.Schematic or diagrammatic drawings make use of standard symbols and single lines betweensymbols which indicate the direction of flow. In piping and electrical schematic diagrams,symbols recommended by the American National Standards Institute (ANS I), other agencies,or the Department of the Defense (DOD) are used. The fixtures or components are not labeledin most schematics because readers usually know what the symbols represent.Additional information is often lettered on schematic drawing, for example, theidentification of each replaceable electrical component. Etched-circuit drawing hasrevolutionized the wiring of electronic components. By means of such drawing, the wiring ofan electronic circuit is photographed on a copper-clad board, and unwanted areas are etchedaway. On electrical and other types of flow diagrams, all single lines (often with arrowsshowing direction of flow) are drawn horizontally or vertically; there are few exceptions.In some flow diagrams, rectangular enclosures are used for all items. Lettering is usuallyplaced within the enclosuresStructural Drawings Structural drawings include design and working drawings for structuressuch as buildings, bridges, dams, tanks, and highways. Such drawings form the basis oflegal contracts. Structural drawings embody the same principles as do other engineeringdrawings, but use terminology and dimensioning techniques different from those shown inprevious illustrations.1工程图是一种图形语言使用的工程师和其他技术人员与工程相关的职业。