高中英语语法grammar and usage必修3

《英语》（必修·第三册）Unit 2 Natural disastersGrammar and usageI. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. understand the functions of to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result;2. use to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result properly in different situations;3. rewrite a passage using to-infinitives.II. Key competence focusUse to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result correctly and properly.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result in new situations.2. Rewrite a passage using to-infinitives.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT: Hello, everyone. Last period we read two news reports about the lucky escapes from two natural disasters. First, I’d like to show your some sentences in these two news reports.•Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.•The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.•She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.•The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.•“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”T: In all these sentences, there’re to-infinitives used as different sentence elements. In today’s class, we will explore the rules concerning to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result and learn to use them in different situations.【设计意图：学生在初中阶段已经接触过动词不定式的一部分用法，所以先在学生相对熟悉的语境中呈现含有动词不定式的句子，然后再呈现新的语法知识——动词不定式作定语和结果状语，用这个方法帮助学生建立新旧知识之间的联系，从而顺利过渡到新知识的学习。

《英语》（选择性必修·第三册）Unit 1 Wish you were hereGrammar and usageI. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1.identify non-restrictive relative clauses;2.choose proper relative pronouns and adverbs for non-restrictive relative clauses;3.make sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist with non-restrictive relative clauses.II. Key competence focus1. Work out the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.2. Apply the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use proper relative pronouns and adverbs in non-restrictive relative clauses.2. Create sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT asks Ss to observe two sentences and tell a non-restrictive relative clause from a restrictive relative clause.T: We have learnt something about Canada, a land of diversity. Here are two sentences from the article. Please observe the underlined clauses and tell the differences between them.(1) In the ten provinces and three territories which make up Canada, there is great diversity in geography.(2) To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.T: The former is a restrictive relative clause while the latter is a non-restrictive relative clause. A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause of a non-restrictive relative clause.【设计意图：温故而知新，学生通过观察已学的阅读文章中的两个句子发现两种定语从句的区别，引出非限制性定语从句的概念。

Unit 2 Out of this worldGrammar and usage: Subject clauses◆内容分析：本板块围绕单元话题,引导学生在有关“天文望远镜的使用”的语篇中观察、探究主语从句的使用，归纳出核心规则；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习让学生内化相关知识；最后让他们运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法，完成预测太空探索发展的写作任务，实现“形式—意义—使用”的统一。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1.identify the use of subject clauses;2.work out the rules of subject clauses;e subject clauses to finish the tasks;4.write down the prediction about the development of space exploration using subject clauses.◆教学重难点：1.To identify the usage of subject clauses;2.To use the subject clauses correctly and properly;◆教学过程：Step 1 Lead-inWhat is the Hubble Space Telescope?What is FAST?Hubble Space TelescopeFASTWhat is the Hubble Space Telescope?The Hubble Space Telescope is the largest astronomical telescope ever sent into space. It was launched in 1990.The telescope is to provide astronomers with fascinating new information on the state of the universe. Some of its breakthroughs include the discovery of the unexplained phenomenon of dark energy, evidence of black holes and observations of stars in the last stages of their lives.What is FAST?Step 2 Exploring the rulesAnswers：1. The Hubble Space Telescope2. To see further than ground-based telescopes; to play a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.3. In 20094. To search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.5. In recent years6. FASTFind the sentences with subject clauses in the article and fill in the box of part A on page 20.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, ...It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that ...How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. Useful Expressions重大突破major breakthrough基于地面的ground-based扮演关键角色play a crucial role环绕其它恒星orbit other stars迹象是光明的signs are promising也开发先进的望远镜develop advanced telescopes as well创造性的innovative单口径射电望远镜the single-dish radio telescope极端灵敏extraordinary sensibility发现交流信号detect communication signals重要工具crucial tools仅仅被想象所限制be merely limited by imaginationStep 3 Working out the rulesWe can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. We can use (1) ________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. We can use (2) _________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use a question word to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question.We often use (3) ________ as the preparatory subject when a subject is very long.1.that2. whether3. itGo through the grammar notes on page 95.Step 4 Applying the rulesB1 Circle the mistake and correct them in the blanks.1. The space mission went so well was beyond our expectation.That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.2. Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depend on how much time it takes.Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depends on how much time it takes.3. It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.It was not clear how long he would stay on the space station.4. What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the earth. That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the earth.5. That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.B2 The passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below. There is one clause you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks.The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang’e Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, China’s space agency, it comprise sthree stages: orbiting, landing and returning.The program’s first spacecraft, Chang’e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. (1) ______ was that Chang’e 2 reached the Moon within just five days. With better techniques and equipment, Chang’e 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese exploration had come. It was evident (2) ________.December 2013 witne ssed the Chinese spacecraft’s first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and (3) _______ was plain to see. In January 2019, Chang’e 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon. In December 2020, Chang’e 5 success fully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, (4) _______ is anybody’s guess.a how it laid the foundation for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the futured why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione What amazed the whole nation in October 2010Answers: 1. e 2, b 3. a 4. c1.In October 20072.It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.3.In October 20104.It completed a more detailed scan of the Moon.5.In December 20136.It landed on the Moon.7.In January 20198.It succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.9.In December 202010.I t successfully collected and returned lunar samples.Useful Expressions on page 21超出我们预料beyond our expectations月球车lunar probe包括三个阶段comprise three stages绕，落，回orbiting, landing and returning显而易见It is evident that...谁也说不准的事anybody’s guessStep 5 WritingB3 Write down your prediction about the development of space exploration, using subject clauses.Possible answerIt is clear that many exciting things will happen in the development of space exploration in the future. I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on Mars will also be established. Hopefully, new energy sources will be developed, which will make space flight cheaper and faster. But how soon and how far we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration(合作) between the many countries around the world. It is possible that the technology will be available before 2040 and I am looking forward to that.Step 6 HomeworkFinish exercise C on P64教学反思。

Unit 3 Back to the pastGrammar and usage: Predicative clauses◆内容分析：本板块围绕单元话题，引导学生在有关“史学家司马迁”的语篇这个观察、探究表语从句的使用情况，自主归纳其核心规则。

再通过单句、语篇两个层面的巩固练习让学生内化新知；最后让学生运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法，完成具体情境中的写作任务，实现“形式——意义——使用”的统一。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1.identify the use of predicative clauses;2.work out the rules of predicative clauses;e predicative clauses to finish related tasks;4.write a short paragraph based on each of the situation using predictive clauses.◆教学重难点：1.To summarize the general rules.2.To apply the rules correctly and properly.◆教学过程：Step 1 Lead-inShow a picture to the student and ask a question: What do you know about the great historian Sima Qian?Born in either 145 or 135 BCE, during China’s Han dynasty, Sima Qian is “the father of Chinese history”. Sima Qian wrote Shi Ji, or Records of the Historian.A Exploring the rulesStep 2 Have students read the essay on page 34 and answer the following questions.1. What is the essay about?2. What greatest achievement did Sima Qian make?3. What contributed to Sima Qian’s success?Possible Answer:1. The essay is about the great historian Sima Qian.2. He wrote the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian).3. His father’s influence, his learning and travelling and his perseverance.Step 3 Useful expression对......感兴趣take an interest in周游全国travel extensively across the country获取广泛的信息get a wide range of information继他父亲之后成为太史令succeed his father as Grand Historian方便他接触...... facilitate his access to ...整理可用的资源sort out the available resources需要艰苦的努力require painstaking efforts有效且高效地effectively and efficiently继续某事carry on with sth.被关进监狱be put in prison身体上和精神上physically and mentally无论顺境还是逆境in good times or bad timesStep 4 Have students find the sentences with predicative clauses in the essay and fill in the box of Part A on page 34Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.AnswerHis father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently. 【设计意图：通过填空，让学生熟悉文本内容。