传输网培训材料

传输设备试题一、填空1、本地传输网三层结构由骨干层、汇聚层、接入层组成。

2、波长转换单元OTU的3R功能是指整形、再定时、再生。

3、每个同步源同步的设备数量不应超过20个网元。

4、STM－N帧中再生段DCC的传输速率为3*64Kb/s，复用段DCC 的传输速率为9*64Kb/s。

5、设备能根据S1字节来判断时钟信号质量。

S1的值越小，表示时钟信号质量越高。

6、复用段保护环上网元节点个数最大为16，因为K字节表示网元节点号的bit共4位。

7、光传输系统主要由光纤或光缆和传输设备组成。

8、确定中继站距有两种方法：最坏值法、联合设计法。

9、光纤放大器分为功率放大器、预放大器、线路放大器三种。

10、我国数字同步网采用的是主从同步方式。

11、SDH光传输系统的传输距离主要由衰减、色散等因素决定。

12、WDM设备的主要组成部件为：波长转换器（OTU）、合波器/分波器（OMU/ODU）、光放大器（OA）。

13、在WDM系统中，波长间隔100GHz大约相当于间隔0.8 nm。

14、传输中心机房荷载要求 6 kN/平方米(单面排列)，净高要求不低于 3.2 米。

15、传输节点局站通信系统主要由终端复用器、分插复用器、再生器、光放大器、光纤分配架、数字分配架等设备组成。

16、STM－1的速率是，可以收容63 个2Mb/s业务。

17、SDH光传输系统的传输距离主要由衰减、色散等因素决定。

18、波分复用系统中OTU完成的作用是波长转换。

19、在SDH网络中完成电路分插复用和电路上下的网元是ADM（分插复用器）。

20、写出以下缩写代表的中文意思MSTP：多业务传送平台DWDM：密集波分复用二、选择（含单选和多选）1、WDM系统采用的调制方式为B、C 。

A：内部调制B：直接调制C：间接调制D：外部调制2、WDM系统中OTU完成的作用是C、D 。

A：功率放大B：色散补偿C：波长转换D：3R功能3、测试DWDM的光信噪比应使用（B）A、误码分析仪B、光谱分析仪C、光功率计D、示波器4、WDM系统的绝对频率参考是 ATHz B：1310 THz C：1550 THz D：850 THz 5、反映传输系统的主要性能指标有A、B、C、D。

ZXA10_AS1（V10.1）内置光传输单元培训资料第一章概述 (6)1.1 SDH的基本知识 (6)1.1.1 SDH特点 (6)1.1.2 SDH基本原理 (7)1.2接入网内置SDH传输单元 (8)第二章AS1光传输单元 (9)2.1总体结构 (9)2.2硬件工作原理 (9)2.2.1硬件总体工作原理 (9)2.2.2单板简介 (11)2.2.3接口及通信 (16)2.3软件结构 (17)2.3.1 SMN模块 (17)2.3.2 NS模块 (18)2.3.3 MCU模块 (18)2.4技术性能及指标 (19)第三章AS1组网应用 (22)3.1两种工作模式 (22)3.1.1初始化过程 (22)3.2 AS1网元配置 (23)3.2.1终端复用器 (23)3.2.2分插复用器 (23)3.2.3再生中继器 (24)3.3 AS1组网 (24)3.3.1点对点1+0、1：0方式 (24)3.3.2点对点2+0方式 (25)3.3.3点对点线路1+1方式 (25)3.3.4链路1+0方式 (25)3.3.5二纤单向通道/复用段倒换环 (25)3.3.6复杂组网及与PON混合组网 (26)第四章网络管理 (27)4.1网管 (27)4.1.1多网管维护 (27)4.1.2网管等级 (27)4.2 SMN模块结构及功能 (28)第五章AS1单元的结构及特点 (32)5.1整机配置说明 (32)5.1.1 SDH插箱组件 (33)5.1.2 SDH单板组件 (33)5.2结构部分安装说明 (33)5.3电气接口说明及示意图 (34)5.3.1电气接口位置及说明 (34)5.3.2引脚说明 (36)5.3.3 2M业务口 (42)5.4电源安装说明及示意图 (43)5.4.1电源 (43)5.4.2接地 (44)5.5各单板安装说明及示意图 (44)5.5.1各单板在插箱中的位置 (44)5.5.2各单板的安装 (44)5.6 1.6 整机内部及外部连接线表说明 (48)5.6.1对接网线 (49)5.6.2公务电话线 (49)5.6.3 RS232数据接口电缆 (49)5.6.4 422数据接口电缆 (49)5.6.5 2线、4线音频口电缆 (50)5.7内部及外部连接线走线示意图 (50)第六章系统调试说明 (51)6.1调试程序总述 (51)6.2调试步骤 (51)6.2.1开机前检查 (51)6.2.2开机关机顺序 (51)6.2.3各部件状态显示 (52)6.3软件加载 (53)6.3.1后台软件的安装 (53)6.3.2前台软件的安装 (53)6.4设备的包装、运输、存储............................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

Research and Construction of PowerCommunication Transmission NetworkOperation and Maintenance Training SystemYanheng Zhao(B),Chunxiao Song,Ran Fang,Zhan Shi,and Xudong ZhangState Grid E-Learning Service Center,State Grid Technology Institute,Jinan,China****************Abstract.Skill training is an effective means to improve the professional skillsand comprehensive quality of operation and maintenance personnel,and an impor-tant way to cultivate high skilled application-oriented talents.Based on the postcapacity analysis and the principle of being close to the production site,design anddevelop training resources such as training projects,strengthen the constructionof training rooms and teachers,and establish a perfect training system,which caneffectively guide the development of skills training.Based on the operation andmaintenance training system of power communication transmission network,thispaper analyzes the post capacity of power communication transmission network,and proposes a construction scheme to provide reference and help for the skilltraining of power communication operation and maintenance personnel.Keywords:power communication·transmission network·operation andmaintenance·practical training system1IntroductionAs an important part of the smart grid,the power communication transmission network carries important services such as relay protection,dispatching automation,electric energy measurement,dispatching telephone and multimedia[1,2].It is an important means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system,meet the require-ments of power grid dispatching automation and enterprise management modernization, and provide communication guarantee for the production of the power grid and the nor-mal operation of enterprises[3,4].With the deepening of power grid construction,the combination of modern communication technology and power grid technology is getting closer and closer.The safe operation of the power system has higher and higher require-ments for the power communication transmission network.The transmission carrier of power communication has also changed greatly,and its operation and maintenance work is more complex,which puts forward higher requirements for the technical skills of the power communication operation and maintenance personnel[5,6].In order to improve the overall quality of the power communication operation and maintenance team,it is urgent to build a power communication transmission network operation and mainte-nance training system.By constantly strengthening the construction of skilled talents,©The Author(s)2022V.Balakrishnan et al.(Eds.):ICMEIM2022,AHSSEH6,pp.67–73,2022.https:///10.2991/978-94-6463-044-2_1068Y.Zhao et al.improving the operation and maintenance level,we will provide strong talent support for the operation and maintenance of power communication.[7–9].2Operation and Maintenance Status of Power Communication Transmission NetworkWith the rapid development of smart grid,the combination of power technology and communication technology is more and more obvious.The business scope carried by the entire power communication transmission network is continuously expanding,and the types of users are also increasing[10].For the power communication transmission network,the level of operation and maintenance is also increasing,and the scope of operation and maintenance work is gradually expanding.The gradual application of new technologies such as cloud computing,Internet of things,big data and mobile Internet has transformed the development mode of power grids into informatization,automation and interaction,and the development mode of enterprises into intensification,refinement and standardization.This has posed a challenge to the reliability and effectiveness of power communication transmission networks[11,12].With the continuous expansion of the types of services carried by the power commu-nication transmission network and the update of communication equipment,the contents and objects of operation and maintenance are constantly enriched,and the technical skills of operation and maintenance personnel are also constantly improved.Because the oper-ation and maintenance of the power communication transmission network have become more difficult,it is urgent to build a practical training system for the operation and main-tenance of the power communication transmission network to meet the practical needs of the increasingly complex operation and maintenance work.3Construction of Power Communication Transmission Network Operation and Maintenance Training SystemThe construction of the operation and maintenance training system of the power com-munication transmission network should be based on the post capacity requirements, the operation and maintenance system as the traction,the practical skills as the focus. The construction content of the training system is shown in Fig.1.3.1Post Capacity AnalysisAccording to the job responsibilities and daily work contents of the operation and main-tenance personnel of the power communication transmission network,the workflow and operation steps of each task are sorted out.By analyzing the knowledge and skills required by each operation step,and comprehensively decomposing the required knowl-edge and skills from three aspects of theoretical knowledge,basic skills and professional skills,a post capacity model is formed,as shown in Fig.2.Research and Construction of Power Communication69Fig.1.Construction of power communication transmission network operation and maintenance training system[Owner-draw]Fig.2.Capacity analysis of operation and maintenance posts of power communication transmis-sion network[Owner-draw]3.2Training Resource DevelopmentBased on the capacity requirements of power communication operation and maintenance posts,the training specifications and training plans are uniformly prepared,and training resources such as training materials,practical training operation instructions and train-ing courseware are developed.The development idea is shown in Fig.3.According to the post capacity analysis,the ability items are decomposed,the key theoretical knowl-edge points and operation skill points are highlighted,and the relevant operation skill points are integrated to develop the practical training projects,as shown in Table1.Each training project includes one or more training tasks,and standardized training opera-tion instructions are prepared for each training task.Develop network courseware for some basic theoretical knowledge,make full use of the network university platform,and facilitate students’fragmented and independent learning.In view of the characteristics of short cycle,quick effect and high efficiency of vocational training,the development of training resources should not only pay attention to updating knowledge,improving skills and enhancing adaptability,but also pay attention to the shaping and training of70Y .Zhao et al.Fig.3.Development ideas of training resources [Owner-draw]Table 1.Training project development [Owner-draw]Ability itemTraining items Basic Skill Use of instruments and tools Use of light source and opticalpower meterUse of 2M bit error meterCable production2M jumper fabrication TMS communication resourcemaintenanceAccount data maintenance Resource data query statistics Professional Skills PCM equipment operation andmaintenancePCM equipment daily inspection Maintenance of PCM equipment SDH equipment operation andmaintenance SDH equipment daily inspection SDH transmission networkconstruction and service openingFault analysis and treatment of SDHtransmission networkOTN equipment operation andmaintenance Daily inspection of OTN equipment OTN optical transmission networkconstruction and serviceconfigurationOTN equipment fault analysis andtreatmentemployees’innovative ability and pioneering spirit.It is necessary to ensure that the selection of materials is accurate,the topics are flexible,the content is rich and novel,and the unity of scientificity and ideology is emphasized [13].3.3Construction of Training RoomAdhere to the integrated training and teaching mode of “teaching and doing”,build the power communication transmission network operation and maintenance training room,with teaching area,communication area and operation area.The teaching area is usedResearch and Construction of Power Communication71 to teach professional theoretical knowledge and demonstrate the operation process of network management;The communication area is used for the group or team to discuss the problems encountered in the training process and propose solutions;The operation area is used for trainees’operation training,which should be consistent with the actual situation on the production site as far as possible to form a good training environment. In order to integrate the teaching and training activities with the actual work process in a real environment as much as possible,so that the trainees can complete each project task in a typical work situation,the equipment configured is the brand and model commonly used on the site,and the number of equipment is reasonable,which is convenient for the group to carry out practical training activities and skills evaluation.Based on this, the training room is equipped with2sets of PCM equipment to simulate the dispatching telephone of the master station and the substation;12SDH devices are used to simulate the transmission network structures such as ring network,tangent ring and intersection ring;Three OTN devices are used to simulate the inter provincial backbone network.3.4Construction of Teaching StaffOn the basis of full-time trainers,famous experts,university professors,manufacturer engineers and high-level technical personnel in the industry are employed as part-time trainers to enrich the training team and establish a teacher pool.At the same time, full-time trainers are required to regularly go to the front line of the production site to understand the actual situation of the post,professional development and new technology application;For part-time trainers,strengthen the training and training in training and teaching skills and practical training guidance methods,and strive to build a team of trainers with deep theoretical foundation,high skill level and strong teaching ability to ensure the quality of training and teaching.3.5Training Assessment MethodAfter the training of the trainees,the trainer shall conduct objective and fair assessment and evaluation on the trainees,avoid the situation of passing through the training,enhance the enthusiasm of the trainees to participate in the training teaching and practical training, and effectively promote learning through training and examination.Training assessment includes daily performance,theoretical examination and practical training examination. Daily performance includes attendance,learning attitude,etc.;On the last day of the training,the theoretical and practical training examinations will be organized in a unified way.The practical training examinations will highlight the assessment of standardized and standardized operation.4Training Effect Guarantee4.1Diversified Teaching Methods and MeansDiversified and innovative learning methods have become the theme of education and training.Training and teaching should return the subject status of learning to the students,72Y.Zhao et al.so that the students can acquire knowledge and improve skills through various ways, give full play to the subjective initiative of the students,mobilize the enthusiasm of the students,and become the master of training and learning.In the training process, situational teaching is adopted to create a working atmosphere by setting a practical training environment similar to the production site,and role-playing mode is used to make the trainees feel the work content for the actual position;The use of case teaching enables students to have a more intuitive understanding of the application of knowledge and skills in practical work,which is conducive to the development of students’future work;Theflipped class is adopted to strengthen the communication between the students and enhance the students’understanding of the application of transmission equipment and new technologies in different regions.4.2Evaluate the Training EffectCorrect and reasonable judgment on the training effect can effectively understand the effect of training implementation and provide guidance for the next training.The mixed use of different evaluation methods can more accurately understand the training effect. Evaluate the training content,trainer’s teaching skills,training process organization and other aspects through questionnaires to fully understand the response of trainees to the training and learning process;By means of test comparison,the trainees are tested at the beginning and end of the training,and the results of the two tests are compared to fully understand the degree of knowledge and skills improvement of the trainees through the training[3];Three months after the training,telephone,we chat interview,questionnaire survey,etc.will be conducted to the trainees,so as to master the degree of application of the training contents in the work.5ConclusionsThrough the practice of the training system,it is proved that the targeted training for the operation and maintenance personnel of the power communication transmission network has effectively improved the skill level and professional quality of the operation and maintenance personnel,which is recognized and welcomed by the operation and maintenance personnel.In order to better adapt to the rapid development of society and meet the growing demand of the industry,it is necessary to continuously improve the training system,guide the training of operation and maintenance personnel,and provide strong talent support for the development of the power industry.References1.Z.Jing,L.Zhang.Application of Power Communication Technology in Smart Grid[J].Telecom Power Technologies,2019,36(1):273-274.2.L.Liu.Research on the Application of Power Communication Technology in Smart Grid[J].Telecom World,2017,(23):103-104.3.P.Ju,X.Zhou,W.Chen,et al.A Review of“Smart Grid Plus”Research[J].Electric PowerAutomation Equipment,2018,38(5):2-11.Research and Construction of Power Communication73 4. 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