中国文化与社会 期末试题
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中国文化概论课程评价《中国文化概论》期末考试姓名:xxx班级:默认班级成绩:84.0分一、单选题(题数:50,共 50.0 分)1孔子对季康子,“苟子之不欲,虽赏之不窃”,由此推之孔子认为天下乱的源头是()。
(1.0分)1.0分∙A、社会的贫困落后∙B、民众的残暴无德∙C、频繁的诸侯战争∙D、在位者不能克己复礼正确答案:D 我的答案:D2儒家对礼节最注意的两点分别是谦让和()。
(1.0分)1.0分∙A、和睦卫生∙C、有序∙D、周到正确答案:B 我的答案:B3下列符合儒家忠恕之道的是()。
(1.0分)0.0分∙A、克己复礼∙B、欲而不贪∙C、文行忠信∙D、以直报怨正确答案:D 我的答案:B4乡射礼的步骤不包括()。
(1.0分)1.0分预备阶段∙B、各自结藕∙C、在音乐伴奏下射箭∙D、颁奖仪式正确答案:D 我的答案:D5关于人性的善恶之辨,从中国古代思想发展史的角度看,基本上遵循的是()。
(1.0分)1.0分∙A、性善论∙B、性恶论∙C、性觉论∙D、性寂论正确答案:B 我的答案:B6根据《五帝本纪》记载,五帝时期贴近于下列哪一个文化时段?()(1.0分)0.0分∙A、旧石器时代早期∙B、旧石器时代晚期∙C、新石器文化早期∙D、新石器文化晚期正确答案:D 我的答案:C7精神上的文化建构和族群凝聚靠什么实现?()(1.0分)1.0分∙A、某种文化基础∙B、某种生活习性∙C、某种媒介、某种精神表现方式∙D、以上都不对正确答案:C 我的答案:C8建立性善论学说的是()。
(1.0分)0.0分∙A、孔子∙B、孟子∙C、荀子∙D、老子正确答案:B 我的答案:D9根据《吕氏春秋·仲夏·古乐篇》记载,被称为黄钟之宫,律吕之本的黄钟调创作于()。
(1.0分)0.0分∙A、黄帝时期∙B、春秋时期西周时期∙D、秦始皇时期正确答案:A 我的答案:C10黄老政治思想的格局是()。
(1.0分)0.0分∙A、君无不为,臣无为∙B、君无为,臣亦无为∙C、君无为而臣下无不为∙D、君无不为,臣无不为正确答案:C 我的答案:B11在中国历史上,由禅让制变为世袭制的第一人是()。
智圆行方的世界--中国传统文化概论我们现在看到的通行本《周易》,可能是以古文也就是篆文写成的费直易为底本,流传而来。
包括哪两部分答:《易经》本经及《易大传》下列不属于文化的特征的是答:文化是个筐,什么都可往里装()是西周君主统治和宗族统治合二为一的政治基础答:封建制《淮南子·道应训》中轮扁以"以六经为糟粕"的故事,最主要说明了答:道可道,非常道庄子认为"心斋是"一种心灵的自我修炼,下列选项对"心斋"的解读最恰当的是答:心斋即是要虚心孔子言"逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜",遇大水必观之,下列选项属于儒家所取象水的品格是答:水无论发源何处必千曲万折向东流去,似有志向荀子认为人最天下贵,他认为人与动物的根本区别是答:人有道义《周易》之"周"是什么意思呢?以下选项最恰当的有答:周指普遍、周普,《周易》即是含有普遍道理的《易经》"其人存,则其政举;其人亡,则其政息。
"--《礼记中庸》,描述的是那种体制答:贵族制《养生主》探讨庄子的养生观,庄子认为养生之主在于答:葆真精神以下与"忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身"表达相近思想的是答:危者,使其安也;亡者,保其存也;乱者有其治也文化传统是指由历史沿传而来的答:文化特征庄子借颜回之口解释坐忘:"堕肢体,黜聪明,离形去知,同于大通,此谓坐忘。
"下列选项分析最不恰当的是孔子说:"知几其神乎!"(《系辞传》),这里的几是指答:苗头、兆头"庄周梦蝶"、"朝三暮四"说明庄子()的哲学思想答:相对主义下列不属于现代官僚体制的是答:民主制下列关于传统、传统文化说法正确的是答:传统文化是由历史延传而来的文化特征或个性帛书《要》篇中载有孔子对学《易》效果的论断,他说"夫《易》,刚者使知惧,柔者使知图,愚人为而不妄,渐人为而去诈",下列选项对此句解读最恰当的是答:学习可以变化气质所谓人文主义,是一种讲人的文化,突出人的命题的思想或流派。
期末考试试题(考试形式:开卷,满分100分)一、中国传统文化,有的学者也将其称之为国学,目前国学专家非常活跃,通过多种形式,比如电视媒介,进行国学知识的普及,且到目前为止,全世界一百多过国家设立了二百多所孔子学院,国学由国内日趋世界化,针对此种现象,请举例说明,并谈谈对此问题或现象的看法。
(论述。
25分)二、请简要分析中国传统文化与伟大的中华民族精神的内在关联。
(10分)三、根据自己对中国传统文化的了解与理解请简要分析中国传统文化的内容。
( 10分)四、根据所学知识,简述中国传统文化的内容应包括那些个方面?(10分)五、根据自己的理解,简要说明,针对现时代我国思想多元、文化多元、价值认同多元的实际社会历史实际,在此背景下请简要说明如何传承中国传统文化?(15分)六、请简要说明中国哲学在中国传统文化中的地位。
(10分)七、根据你所熟悉的中国古代教育家(或哲学家,任选一位),请列举一例简要说明其思想内容、特征。
(10分)以下两题任选其一八、试述在当代大学生中将中国传统文化作为对大学生实施人文素质的重要意义。
(10分)九、针对当前国人非常崇拜甚至迷恋西方国家的圣诞节,请简要谈谈你的看法。
(10分)一 .对于“国学热”的思考随着中国经济的发展、国力的增强、国际地位的提高,中国在走向世界的同时,“国学热”的兴起也是一个值得人们探讨的现象。
目前,在国内,国学专家非常活跃,通过多种形式,比如电视媒介,进行国学知识的普及,从各地的“儒学研究会”、“孔子研究会”的成立,到“百家讲坛”对传统文化的通俗化处理。
再到一些地方把传统教育中传播儒家思想的启蒙读物作为儿童的必读书,三四岁幼童诵读四书五经等;在国外,全世界近一百多个国家设立了二百多所孔子学院,人们似乎掀起了复兴国学的热潮。
但是,随着“国学”的文化热度越来越高,出现了对传统文化和国学一种商业化的利用,就是认为可以把它用作经销策略,企业管理的理念,赚钱的招数。
为企业家开办的“国学班”,就多半是在推销这种“文化赚钱术”。
一、单选题(题数:50,共 50.0 分)1教化论的根源是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、西周的礼乐文明B、诸侯纷争的社会现实C、孔子周游列国的经历D、以上都不对我的答案:A 2在中国历史上,由禅让制变为世袭制的第一人是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、帝喾B、尧C、夏启D、周武王我的答案:C 3诸夏意识诞生于()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、夏B、商C、西周D、汉我的答案:C 4隋唐时期的官僚制度是()。
(1.0分)0.0 分A、三公九卿制B、三省六部制C、九品中正制D、中书行省制我的答案:B 5礼乐文明首先遵循的是()原则。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、政治B、经济C、文化D、德行我的答案:C 6周武王接起了五帝时期被殷商斩断的老传统,即上天崇拜,同时赋予了上天新的含义,新的含义指的是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、权力B、教化C、德行D、审判我的答案:C 7黄老政治思想的格局是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、君无不为,臣无为B、君无为,臣亦无为C、君无为而臣下无不为D、君无不为,臣无不为我的答案:C 8春秋后期收买民众的现象导致了()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、圈地运动B、民族分裂C、收买夺权D、贵族勃兴我的答案:C 9下列关于大蒐礼的说法,错误的是()。
(1.0分)0.0 分A、大蒐礼是原始民主色彩下的一种典礼B、大蒐礼使每一个公民都有资格参与国家政策的制定C、大蒐礼是选定国家政务人员的集体活动D、大蒐礼兴起于五帝时期我的答案:B 10下列关于陶寺遗址的说法,错误的是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、大约建立于公元前2350年,距今四千多年B、建立于五帝时代C、陶寺遗址的修建是为了测节气D、陶寺遗址在今天仍然能准确测出所有节气我的答案:D 11中国古代文化强调“和”,下列对“和”的解释最恰当的是()。
(1.0分)1.0 分A、盐梅和羹B、和而不同C、天下一家D、天下大同我的答案:A 12黄老政治在汉初实行的原因是()。
2022-2023国家开放大学电大专科《中国文化导论》期末试题及答案(试卷号:2210)
盗传必究
一、选择题(每题2分,共20)
1.儒家所谓的“智”包含多种意义,以下说法不正确的是(
A.现代“自然科学”意义上的方式方法的运用
B.明智的政治态度
C.带有一定的伦理色彩的认知手段
D.客观地分析事物把握世界的的能力
2.“杀身成仁”是( )的话。
A.孟子
B.孔子
C.墨子
D.苟子
3.儒家从一开始为中国知识分子选定了人生的最佳道路是( )。
A.吾日三省吾身
B.学而优则仕
C.自强不息
D.己所不欲,勿施于人
4.在儒学中,作为天人共通契合点的,是( )。
A.德
B.道
C.君子
D.仁
5.“舍生取义”是( )的话。
A.孟子
B.孔子
C.苟子
D.墨子
6.提出“中学为体,西学为用”主张的人是( )。
A.魏源
B.冯桂芬
C.孙中山
D.郑观应。
中国⽂化概论试题及参考答案⼀、单项选择题(本⼤题共25⼩题,每⼩题1分,共25分)在每⼩题列出的四个备选项中只有⼀个是符合题⽬要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均⽆分。
1.⼈类⽂化发展过程中呈现的某种外部状态和联系,通常称为( )A.⽂化产品B.⽂化内涵C.⽂化现象D.⽂化事象2.南北朝时出现在历史记载中,到唐代变得相当强⼤,与唐代和平交流居多,且主要居住在今西藏地区的民族是( )A.羌B.吐蕃C.鲜卑D.回纥3.“书楚语,作楚声”⼀语说的是( )A.中原⽂化B.齐鲁⽂化C.巴蜀⽂化D.屈原⽂学4.中华民族的祖先在创建它的古代⽂明时,⾸先⾯临的特点是( )A.⼤地域上⾃然环境优越B.⼤地域上社会环境优越C.⼤地域上⼈⼝构成多族群D.⼤地域上⼈⼝构成较松散5.红⼭⽂化的神庙和祭祀遗址,实际上维系着附近相当⼤地区⼈群的( )A.社会⽣活B.精神⽣活C.物质⽣活D.家庭⽣活6.夏作为我国第⼀代王朝,历时近( )A.七百年B.六百五⼗年C.六百年D.五百年7.重农主义是为保护⼩农⽽打击⼯商业的⼀种( )A.政治观念B.经济观念C.国家观念D.⽂化观念8.我国市商贸易有⼀定的发展,并已开始使⽤货币是在( )A.夏朝时期B.商周时期C.春秋时期D.战国时期9.古算中的“韩信点兵”就是现代数学中的( )6A.⼀次同余式组解法B.⼆次同余式组解法C.三次同余式组解法D.⾼次同余式组解法10.明代⼤医学家李时珍所著的药学百科全书是( )A.《神农本草经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《素问》D.《本草纲⽬》11.我国造纸术传到中东阿拉伯国家是在( )A.公元2世纪B.公元6世纪C.公元8世纪D.公元12世纪12.在宗法制度之下,中国古代社会结构的基本单位是( )A.宗族B.家庭C.什伍⾥甲D.个⼈13.科举制建⽴与全⾯推⾏的时代是( )A.明代B.宋代C.汉代D.隋唐14.《诗·⼩雅·北⼭》云:“溥天之下,莫⾮王⼟,率⼟之滨,莫⾮王⾂。
精品文档中国文化概论复习(英文)Part I Multiple Choice1.. Zi Lu, Ran You and Gongxi Chi' aspirations represent______, while Zeng Dian's reflects______.A. personal ambition; selfishnessB. lofty ideals; meaningless pursuitC. personal struggle; generous contributionD. individual contribution to society; harmony4.How is the “energy”of “one-stroke character”achieved?A. By pressing the brush harderB. By writing the character with only one stroke.C. By writing the strokes at one go.D. By connecting the strokes in the interior.5. How was Chinese calligraphy displayed by Lin Huaimin?A. By danceB. By scriptC. By musicD. By brush6.The winding path in the gardens reflects the Chinese philosophy of being ______.A. unrefinedB. irresistibleC. uninhibitedD. reserved无拘束的未提炼的不可抵抗的7. What can we learn about Peking Opera through the saying “watching a play is watching famous actors?”A. The viewers go to the theatre to see the actors instead of the play.B. The famous actors are good-looking and perform well.C.The actors are good at all the four basic aspects of Peking Opera.D. The performances of the actors are as important as the play itself.8. According to Sunzi, the strategy of the level in a war is to______.A. use different strategiesB. frustrate the diplomacy of the enemyC. attack the army of the enemyD attack the city of the enemy10. Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters?A. AspirationB. ImaginationC. CreativityD. AllusionPart II True or False Answers_T__ According to Laozi's philosophy of naturalness, man should not attempt to manipulate nature._F__ The driving force for building the Great Wall is to protect the lives and peace from wars._F Guanyin or the Goddess of mercy, known also as the Bodhisatva, is the founderof Buddhism._T__ The names of some Chinese dishes cannot be understood literally._T__ According to ancient Chinese people, music could not only cultivate people's mind, but also helpgovern the county.Part III Fill in the Blanks1._CPG_, the Central People's Government, is the highest state administrative body, which carries outthe laws enacted and decisions adopted by the NPC and its Standing Committee.2.In China, the education is divided into three categories: basic education,___higher_____and adulteducation.精品文档.精品文档he had visited various mountains in China, After the great Ming Dynasty Chinese geographer and 5.traveler, __, said of it:XuXiaKe I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. Nolonger do I find it worth my while to look at the sacred five after returning from Huangshan.Questions名词解释1.What is Confucius view on Heaven?Confucius regarded Heaven as nature.2.What are the most important traditional holidays in China?Spring Festival.3.What legend do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival?Chang Er Flies to the Moon4.How is tea related to the Chinese way of life?5.What is the cultural significance of the Moon Cake and Yuan Xiao?6.What contribution did Bruce Lee make to Chinese martial arts?His superb kung fu popularized throughout the world and he became the embodiment of Chinesemartial arts.7.What do you think is the function of Wushu in the modern society?To exercise and keep fit.8.How do Chinese food and drinks reflect and influence Chinese way of life?9.What are the four masterpieces of the Chinese novel?Water Margin, Journey to The West, Dream of the Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kindoms.10.What are the commonly used methods of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine?Acupuncture, Herbal Medicine, Qi Gong11.What are the five fundamental components of the universe according to traditional Chinese medicine andphilosophy?Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, Wood12.What are the Four Great Inventions of ancient China?Papermaking, gunpowder, printing and the compass13.What are the most famous representatives of Chinese residences?Beijing's siheyuan, Fujian's HaKa group houses, cave dwellings in northern Shanxi and ganlan inGuangxi.14.What is the major difference between the imperial garden and the private garden? 精品文档.精品文档15.What is the major difference between the general layout of Chinese gardens and European gardens?There are usually sculptures in a European garden instead of rock formations in a Chinese-stylegarden.16.Why does Beijing Opera enjoy the most special reputation throughout the world?17.What were the benefits of constructing the Great Wall? What were the costs? Do you think the benefitsand costs of building the Great Wall balanced out? Explain.(1)Military defense in the age of cold steel. (2).Protection for the southernersfrom being attacked bythe northerners18.What traits do you find prevailing among the Chinese people?19.Can you give a brief account of the philosophies of Confucious, Mencious, Laozi and Zhuangzi? Inwhat ways are they alike and in what ways are they different?Reading comprehension排序A) The theme is to celebrate the festive spirit and worldly commotion at the Qingming Festival, rather thanthe holiday's ceremonial aspects, such as tomb sweeping and prayers.B) It offers glimpses of clothing and architecture of that period.C) A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the title of several panoramic paintings; the original versionis generally attributed to the Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan.D) The entire piece was painted in hand scroll format and it displays the lifestyle of all walks of life fromrich to poor as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.E) It captures the daily life of people at the capital, Bianjing (today's Kaifeng) during the Northern Songperiod.F) The painting is famous for its geometrically accurate images of boats, bridges, shops, and scenery.G) As an artistic creation, the piece has been revered and court artists of subsequent dynasties have madeseveral replicas.H) Because of its fame, it has been called “China's Mona Lisa”.2. The following is a passage on Tang poems. The underlined sentence is taken from the passage.Choose the best place where the sentence could be put from [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Tang poems in particular remain the most popular out of every historical era of China.精品文档.精品文档The Tang period is a golden age of Chinese literature and art. There are over 48, 900 poems penned bys skills in the poem some 2,200 Tang authors that have been popular until modern times. [A] Perfecting one'writing became a required study for those wishing to pass imperial examinations. Poetry was also heavilycompetitive, and poetry contests amongst distinguished guests at banquets and gatherings of social elite werecommon in the Tang period. Poetry styles popular in the Tang included gushi and jintishi, with the renownedTang poet Li Bai (701-761) and Cui Hao (704-754) famous for their use of the latter.[B] Jintishi poetry, orregulated verse, is in the form of eight-line stanzas or seven characters per line with a fixed pattern of tonesthat required the second and third couplets to be antithetical (although the antithesis is often lost in) of Tang era poetry began in the Song translation to other languages). [C] This great emulation (仿效) asserted that he was the first to designate the poetry of the dynasty; during that period, Yan Yu (严羽) (典范的Glorious Age of Tang Dynasty (c.713-766) as the orthodox (正统的) material with “canonical. [D] Yan Yu reserved the position of highest laurel of all Tang status within the classical poetic tradition”poets for Du Fu (712-770), who was not viewed as such in his own era, and was branded by his peers as ananti-traditional poet.The best place is_____.Translation勿施于人。
中国文化概论李山?《中国文化概论》期末考试一、单选题(题数:50,共?50.)1根据《吕氏春秋·仲夏·古乐篇》记载,被称为黄钟之宫,律吕之本的黄钟调创作于()。
A、黄帝时期B、春秋时期C、西周时期D、秦始皇时期正确答案: A2周武王接起了五帝时期被殷商斩断的老传统,即上天崇拜,同时赋予了上天新的含义,新的含义指的是()。
A、权力B、教化C、德行D、审判正确答案: C3五帝时期崇拜上天的观念到殷商时期被()取代了。
A、自然神崇拜B、祖先崇拜C、鬼神崇拜D、生殖崇拜正确答案: B4始作俑者,其无后乎。
孔夫子的这句话是批判()。
A、祭祀活动B、占筮活动C、暴虐统治D、人殉现象正确答案: D5媵嫁制度兴起于()。
A、夏B、商C、西周D、汉正确答案: C6中国历史上最发达的法律体系是()。
A、民法B、诉讼法C、刑法D、宪法正确答案: C7诸夏意识诞生于()。
A、夏B、商C、西周D、汉正确答案: C8古代的三军指的是()。
A、海、陆、空B、上、中、下C、前、中、后D、骑、步、炮正确答案: B9孟子提出了一个四端学说,四端指的是()。
A、恻隐之心、羞恶之心、是非之心、慈悲之心B、恻隐之心、善恶之心、是非之心、上进之心C、恻隐之心、羞恶之心、是非之心、礼让之心D、恻隐之心、是非之心、礼让之心、大同之心正确答案: C10(),仁之端也。
A、恻隐之心B、羞恶之心C、辞让之心D、是非之心正确答案: A11根据《尧典》记载,古人用()测定时节。
()A、鸟的迁徙B、花开花落C、天体运行D、河水流向正确答案: C12封建制在周代取得了良好的社会成效,其原因是()。
A、周代是礼乐文明兴盛的时期B、周代的诸国纷争的社会现实C、周代异族林立的社会现状D、周代是中华民族的形成时期正确答案: D13大蒐礼是什么礼?()A、宾礼B、祭礼D、军礼正确答案: D14黄老政治在汉初实行的原因是()。
A、国富民强,与民休息B、社会安定,贤臣居多C、社会穷困,大臣没有文化D、异族林立,乱世之秋正确答案: C15下列对大同理想的描述,错误的是()。
Remark(评价)秦始皇Some people think he is a topping emperorIn Chinese history,Qin shi huang is the first emperor who has rare gifts and bold strategy.He united the six countries,making China become the largest empire in the world.only a few people can be compared with him in Chinese emperors about his great achievements.Some people consider him as a brutal emperor“Fen Shu Keng Ru”destroyed many classic books and kill many Confucian scholars.He built luxurious E Pang Gong and Li Shan Tomb.What's more,for the sake of medicine against death,he sent thousands of people to East Sea,which deepened the people's misery.简答题、论述题Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity1.What does filial"piety”mean accordimg to Confucius孔子认为孝是什么意思?How do you understand你是怎么理解的?Confucius regarded"filial piety and fraternal dutyas the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong)quotes Confucius as saving. The greatest love for people is the love of its parents孔子把“孝与兄弟的责任”视为仁的本质。
中庸援引孔子的话:“人最伟大的爱是父母的爱I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world. Our life is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents我认为孝顺是成为人的基础,父母是世界上最重要的人。
我们的生命是由父母给予的,我们应该永远感激我们的父母。
2.What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of“life”Please illustrate it with an exam。
儒家“生命”哲学强调什么?请举例说In the Confucian philosophy of life", love for and kindness towardall living things are emphasized。
在儒家的“生命”哲学中,强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。
3.What s the meaning of“ren”(仁)(benevolence)accordingConfucius(根据孔子,“仁”是什么意思?)?Confucius interpreted ren as"love of people, which begins with the love for ones parents。
孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱”,从“爱父母”开始。
4. According to Confucius, what qualities are persons of virtue supposed to have根据孔子的说法,“品德人”应该具备什么素质?“persons of virtue”should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the six arts as the general principles of education. Of these, virtue was the most important。
“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑,这样的人才能承担起重要的社会责任,为社会做出贡献。
他认为崇高的理想,伟大的美德对人民的热爱,和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。
其中,美德是最重要的。
5.Why does our Kongzi become Confucius in the west?Confucius is a Latinized name bestowed upon Kongzi by Jesuit missionaries in the 18th century, which is a critical time when missionaries introduced Chinese culture to the West。
6.What is Confucius view on Heaven according to these lines?Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all1 iving things(天何言?四时行焉,百物兰焉,天何言哉?)."ーSelected from The Analects Confucius regarded Heaven" as nature-confucius believes that nature is not a lifeless mechanism separate from human; instead, it is a great world full of life and the process of creating life. Human is part of nature。
7.How is Confucian concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?Confucius regarded Heaven'as nature and the source of life, and required people to hold Heaven in awe. This is the source of the modern ecological civilization.Ren (仁)and li(礼)are the two core concepts ofConfucius doctrine about people.8. Why do people need to study music according to Confucius? According to Confucius, studying music can lift ones spirit and help one appreciate beauty9.What did Confucius think of Zeng Dian's(曾点)aspiration?Confucius thought highly of Zeng Dian's aspiration and regarded harmony among people and harmony between people and nature as the highest state of life.Unit 2 Laozi's philosophy of non-action1.How do vou understand“the great virtue is like wate你是怎么理解上善若水的Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing". To Laozi, humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places. Driven by desire, humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior. Yet water always flows downward As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth。
水善万物而不争。
”在老子看来,人往高处走,水往低处流。
人情受欲望驱动,好高而恶下,而水却永远往下流淌。
水是生命之源,可以滋润万物,给大地带来生命2.Why is Li Ran known as Laozi rather than Lizi?There are two explanations as to the source of Laozi". Some say during the period when Li Ran was alive, Lao and Li were pronounced in the same way. So Laozi"actually sounded the same as Lizi" at that time. The second legend is that Li Ran was born with white eyebrow and white beard like an old man.Thus he was called Laozi.3.(Dao or the Way)acts through non-action(无为而无不为).-Selected from LaoziHow do you understand this line?By saying(Dao or the Way acts through non action".Laozi did not mean that one should do nothing and passively wait for something to beachieved. Neither did he deny human creativity.What he meant is that human enterprises should be built on the basis of naturalness, not on any attempts to interrupt the rhythm of nature.Human creativity should be in compliance with the ways of nature.4.Great ingenuity appears to be stupidity(大智若愚)."Selected from Laozi。