Unit 1 Text A Para 6Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.考试试题（1）Man and Nature. Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment: only government and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about environmental protection and regard it as one of the most important challenges. However, whether only governments and big firms have resources and powers to preserve our environment is a controversial issue. My view is that every single citizen could also make a huge difference.In the first place, it is clear that it is human activities that have the greatest impact throughout the history. Both environment contamination and conservation are the long-term process, and no single government or big company can meet this challenge alone. So whoever created the problem should be responsible for solving it; environment protection needs every one of us to continuously participate in.Moreover, the public’s wills and behaviors have critical influence on government’s policies and companies’strategies. For example, if everyone says “no” to plastic shopping bags and paper cups, the companies that manufacture such products will switch to environmental-friendly substitutes in order to survive in the market.However, that is not to say that governments and large companies cannot positively contribute. Indeed, governments can enact laws and introduce programs to raise the public’s low-carbon awareness; companies can promote green products to change the public’s consuming habits. But they also need every citizen’s appreciation and support to bring good results.In sum, no effort is too small when we are protecting the environment. Meanwhile, local authorities and organizations must shoulder their responsibility to develop low-carbon economy at the macro level. Only by doing so can we assure that we could hand this beautiful planet to our next generation and the next generation after.考试试题（2）Man and Technology It is now possible to perform everyday tasks such as banking, shopping and business transactions without meeting people face to face. What effects may it have on the individual and society as a whole?网络商务的优点：1.the most obvious reason for online shopping increase in popularity is its convenience.a)first and foremost, people can enjoy the convenience of sitting at home with shopping.b)There is no longer the need to drive from store to store and to spend hours of shopping andwaiting in line.c)Online shopping has cut out the journey to crowded streets, and saves both travelingexpenses and your precious time.d)People will not have to carry packages around.2.online commerce and transaction also allows users greater freedom and flexibility in doing theirbusiness.* The biggest benefit in doing business online is that one could get serviced sitting in the office, at home, from an Internet café overseas or anywhere with Internet access and get the procedure done within no time.3. online shopping is preferred because it also bringscustomers practical benefits in terms of the amount they spend on their purchase.4. Another main attraction of online shopping is its variety of choices.网络商务的缺陷：1.online commerce does come with a certain amount of risk, the biggest of which being identitytheft.payment and user account management devices may not be secure, allowing unauthorized access to customer s’ account and personal information—card number, PINnumber, etc.ck of quality sometimes has also been an issue when it comes to online shopping.2.online shopping and other forms of e-commerce lack the personal touch.4.shipping cost can be astronomical.Sample:The pace of our lifestyle is very fast these days. We need to get things done quickly and efficiently in order to accomplish as many things as possible each day. And thankfully technology helps us to do a number of things, from banking to shopping and other business transactions. While this helps make our lives easier, it can also impact our ability as individuals to socialize with other people.Today we use automated teller machine or ATMs to withdraw and deposit money. We also use it to check our balance and pay bills. Not only do they save time from queuing in the bank, but also these machines are accessible 24 hours a day. There is no need to wait until business hours to get these simple tasks completed.We can also purchase things online, from concert tickets to clothing and furniture. Again being able to buy things over the Internet is not only convenient, saving time from traveling to the actual store, but purchasing things at any time we wish is possible.While being able to do business transactions with the help of technology is godsend to many, it can also impact our interaction with other people and the rest of society. Some people have become so used to doing their banking online pr pushing buttons at an ATM, that the may dislike dealing with humans, who are most probably slower than machines and have a higher possibility of making an error. It is possible these individuals will develop a lower tolerance for mistakes or for slow but friendly service.As more and more services become automated, people could become socially withdrawn and eventually forget how to read body language. As a result, this could easily lead to miscommunication and arguments over small issues could erupt.Therefore, while technology has made errands like banking simple to do at an ATM, or even make large purchase like plane tickets and furniture, the convenience of doing these transactions cannot replace humans. People can give just as good service, albeit a bit slower, but with a smile and the human interaction for many makes it a pleasant and memorable experience.There are social, medical, and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phone 手机的优点：1.mobile phone makes our lives more convenient.* cell phones now have features beyond sending text messages and making voice calls, including Internet browsing, MP3 playback, memo recording, email, built-in cameras, Bluetooth connectivity, video calling, etc.2. They also make people work faster and efficiently, because people can communicate with their clients and colleagues by the mobile phone.3. It is now possible for young people equipped with cell phones to stay in touch with their parents and for parents to stay touch with their children.手机的缺陷：1. medical experts warn people that the strong radiation coming from mobile phones pose healthy threat to us.a)people who frequently use cell phone may get headache and even brain cancerb)if a pregnant woman often uses mobile phone, it may exert bad effect on the developmentof fetus.2.Another problem has also arisen regards to one’s privacy and security.* A minority of the population who choose to use the cell phones with built-in cameras may invade the rights to privacy.* we may receive hundreds of “SMS S pam” everyday.ers of mobile phones often speak at increased volume in public, and it has led to places likebookshops, libraries, and movie theaters posting signs to prohibit the use of mobile phones. Sample:Mobile phones are frequently used in almost all aspects of our daily lives, and they have made people communicate with others more conveniently and efficiently. However, a variety of potential problems including social, medical and technical ones arise, which far outweigh the benefits they bring to people.It is undeniable that mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways. For example, when an emergency occurs, such as a traffic accident or a violent crime, mobile phones can help the victims to call the police or an ambulance immediately for help. They also make people can send or read emails via a mobile phone, and communicate quickly and easily with their clients and co-workers. However, there is an opinion that the wide application of mobile phones also exerts a negative influence on the society, an individual’s health and technological development. Indeed, it is the case that talking on cell phone in public with high voice disturbs people around. Moreover, as far as radiation of cell phone is concerned, scientific evidence has shown that radiation that a working mobile phone produces has the potential to cause brain cancer. Apart from the health problems, a range of technical defects would give rise to a series of dangers. For instance, using mobile phones on board a plane may affect the navigation system of aircraft, which will endanger the lives of the passengers.Given the above arguments, it is reasonable to conclude that although mobile phones have some benefits, the negative influences they have produced should not be overlooked because the downsides far exceed the merit.考试试题（3）Knowledge In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this and give your opinion.It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most 0effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the way to gain this.考试试题（4）Work and Career What do you think are the main reasons why today’s college graduates can’t get jobs? How to solve the problem?In recent years, it is reported that China has experienced an alarming increase in unemployment rate as well as all around the world, which is resulted by the financial crisis. As we all know, unemployment is more than an economic problem. If it were not handled properly, it would result in serious social problems. Effective measures must be taken to solve the unemployment problem.I hold the opinion that the following means can be employed. Firstly, maintaining a high economic growth is very important. Economic growth produces new jobs and positions. It will bring several of chances for those people who are wondering for jobs.It is reported that if our GDP growth rate stays between 7 and 8 percent, we will have about 20 million new jobs yearly. Secondly, unemployment fund and insurance system have to be established to help the laid-off workers to support themselves. The employment security system must be put into practice entirely, especially in our country that advocates the Family Planning. If not, the child-relied life style for the parents in our country can’t be reliable. Thirdly, University students' innovative undertaking is also a good way to ease employment pressure. Meanwhile, the state should offer some preferential policies to such kinds of graduating students. Actually, the state is going to Improving and implementing preferential reemployment policies.Furthermore, paying employees for training cannot be neglected, since training can keep their skills current and up-dated, thus getting employable and being competitive throughout their lives and the fierce competition in the society. It’s critical that ade quate time and resources are dedicated to providing proper training and improving the skills of staff members in reducing unemployment rate.To sum up, with the joint efforts of the government and the society, we are full of confidence that we can decrease the jobless rate and ease the unemployment problem.考试试题（5）Fame and Success Young people are eager to be successful,but it is very hard to define success. What is your definition of success? What qualities do young people need to achieve success?What is success? It is what everyone is longing for.Sometimes success would be rather simple. Winning a game is success; getting a high grade in the exam is success; making a new friend is success; even now I amstanding here giving my speech is somehow also success.However, as a person’s whole life is concerned, success becomes very complicated. Is fortune success? Is fame success? Is high social status success? No, I don’t think so. I believe success is the realization of people’s hopes and ideals.Nowadays, in the modern society there are many peoplewho are regarded as the successful. And the most obvious characteristics of hem are money, high position and luxurious life. So most people believe that s success and all that they do is for this purpose. But the problem is wether it is real success. We all know there are always more money, higher position and better condition in front of us. If we keep chasing them, where is the end? What will satisfy us at last? Therefore, we can see, to get the real Success we must need something inside, which is the realization of people’ hopes and ideals.Different people have different ideas about success; cause people’s hopes and ideas vary from one another. But I am sure every success is dear to everybody, cause it is not easy to come by, cause in the process of our striving for success, we got both our body and soul tempted, meanwhile we are enlightened by the most valuable qualities of human beings: love, patient, courage and sense of responsibility. These are the best treasures. So now I am very proud that I have this opportunity to stand here speaking to all of you. It is my success, cause I raise up to challenge my hope. What is success? Everyone has his own interpretation as I do. But I am sureevery success leads to an ever-brighter future. So ladies and gentlemen, believe in our hopes, believe in ourselves, we, every one of us, can make asuccessful life!Wish you all good success!How to lead to success? Different people have different perspectives. Some people believe that success comes from taking risks and chances. While others believe that success is the result of careful planning. What is the key to succ ess in the end ? I think the answer may be not unique, everyone has a special way to success individually.In my opinion, to be successful should have the following necessary conditions. First of all, you need to have suffic ient professional knowledge. If you want to be successful at one aspect, it is certainly indispensable to have solid e xpertise. As the leaders of sony, Ibuka and Morita, are proficient in electronics technology, and Wang An is proficient in computer knowledge. Secondly, you should have a keen insight and innovation spirit. Such as the sony compa ny, without Ibuka’s and Morita’s extraordinary intuitive and their constant innovation, sony cannot produce so many products, which meet the desi res of most consumers. Then sony probably will not have today’s enviable status. Furthermore, you have to do careful planning for the future. When Wang An said about his succes s, he said that his success is also the result of the decisions he made every stage of their growth. He predicted the fu ture, and specified careful planning. Finally, you must have the spirit of hard-work and persistent struggle. Any lack of successful examples donot come from the hard-work and dedication. Sony's success is precisely the result of t hat Ibuka and Morita try their best to sell their products to others and work hard every day.It makes their electronic products world famous. Meanwhile, the road to success will inevitably encounter setbacks, at this time, you should be able to withstand the pressure, and to take heart of grace to move forward, then you will eventually succeed. Of course, there are many other aspects of the success factors. For example, good luck, excellent。
