(完整版)英语语法分析-句子成分分析

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I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday.

主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语

1 、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任 (是

全句谈论的中心话题) 。例：

(1) Students syudy. (名词)

(2)We are friends. (代词)

(3)To go to good university is his first goal. (不定式)

(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health. (动名词)

(5)Jane is good at playing the piano.

(6)She went out in a hurry.

(7)Four plus four is eight.

(8)To see is to believe.

(9)Smoking is bad for health.

(10)The young should respect the old.

(11)What he has said is true.

2 、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担

任，放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了) 。例：

(1)Students study. (实意动词)

(2)We are friends. (be 动词)

(3)We love China.

(4)We have finished reading this book.

(5)He can speak English. (复合谓语)

(6)She seems tired.

(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill. (8)He looked after two orphans.

3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后 (动

作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后) 。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾

语指物，间接宾语指人。例：

(a)He gave me some books.

间接宾语直接宾语

(b)Please pass me the book.

(c)He bought me some flowers.

(1) They are teachers.

(2) I play with him.

(3) We love watching football games. (4) He is dong her homework now. (5) I like my job.

(6) I love you.

(7) He wanted to leave here.

(8) They enjoyed playing football games.

注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。

4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

例：

(1)I found the book interesting.

(2)Do you smell something burning?

(3)He made himself known to them.

(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.

(5)Please make yourself at home.

(6)Please keep the dog out.

(7)We must keep it a secret.

主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：

(1)I last saw him playing near the river. →He was last seen playing near the river.

(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.

→The student was caught cheating in the exam.

(3)We made him monitor. →He was made monitor.

(4)He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.

5 、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短

语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词) 。形容词放在名词前，相

当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：

(1)This is a red sun.

(2)The black bike is mine.

(3)He is a tall boy. (4)She is a chemistry teacher.

(5)The man in bllue is my brother.

(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger

sister.

(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.

6 、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由

副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词

或副词的放在它们之前。例：

(1)The students study hard.

(2)I often write to him.

(3)The bag is too heavy. (4)I will be back in a while.

(5)They are playing on the playground.

(6)He was late because he got up late.

(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.

(8)I waited to see you.

(9)He often went to school by bus.

(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.

(11)Please call me if it is necessary.

(12)This book is very interesting.

(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.

(14)He always comes late to school.

7 、表语：系动词后的部分就是表语，表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般

由名词或者形容词担任。

常见的系动词有：

be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seem

feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不

用于被动语态。例： (1) This table is long.

(2) The apple tastes sweet.

(3) The war was over. (4) They seem to know the truth.

(5) Time is precious.

(6) I’m not quite myself today.

(7) Who was the first?

(8) He is out of condition.

(9) The book is what I need.

通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间作状语

放在句子的后面。

(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语) 。 (1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.

(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.

英语句子成分歌：

英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；

补语跟着宾语标语跑，定语同位(语)专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。

(一)主语从句英语五种基本句型：基本句型一： S+V

基本句型二： S+V+P

基本句型三： S+V+O

基本句型四： S+V+o+O

基本句型五： S+V+O+P (主+谓)

(主+系+表)

(主+谓+宾)

(主+谓+间宾+直宾) (主+谓+宾+宾补)

二、从句

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独做一个

句子。英语中主要有三大从句，即名词性从句 (包括主语从句，定语从句，表

语从句，同位语从句) 、形容词性从句 (即定语从句) 、副词性从句 (即状语从

句，包括时间，结果，条件，目的，原因，让步，地点，方式等)

1 、主从作主语，例： That the earth is round is truth.

2 、宾从作宾语，例： Do you know where he lives?

3 、表从左表语，： My opinion is that you should not go alone. C

open

happy

Jim

to wash the plates

going into your room O

English

football

reading

“Good morning”.

a book

a pen yesterday

my picture

the door

him

a thieft V

cooks

is working

does not matter

write smoothly

looks

turned

study

are playing

enjoys

said

give

brought

showed

must keep

makes

call

told

saw S

She

What he said

The pen He

Everything

His face

They He

She

My mother

The news

I o

him

英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版

第一章英语句子结构的简单认识

你可曾憧憬过：

当你读英文文章时，视句知意，

当你写英文文章时，下笔千言，

当身处英语考场时，纵笔驰骋，游刃有余

你可能说，当然想过，可这是英语高手的境界。其实，你也完全可以成为高手，而高超的阅读能力是英语高手必备的，因此要想成为一个高手就要从阅读能力的培养开始。

据leon 了解，英语阅读主要困难有两方面：

其一，单词关，没记那么多单词，满眼都是生词，一个句子十个单词，只有一个看着眼熟，查查字典，这个眼熟的单词还是记错的，你说你怎么能看懂句子，单词是硬功夫，是靠你自己去下工夫解决的，它不可能由老师去教你把单词记住的，记单词也没有什么捷径，只能由你重复记忆，当然在这个过程中适当讲一些方法是有助于记忆单词的比如联想记忆、在课文中记忆等等。

其二，语法关，这里的语法我们主要是说英语句子结构的分析，因为即使是你单词关过了，句子中大部分单词都认识，可是句子还是看不懂，这是因为你不知道哪个单词和哪个单词是放在一起的或者是说掂不开句子的缘故。

那么什么是句子结构呢？说白了，就是在一个句子内部，一个个单词是怎么组织在一起的，为什么有的单词放在句子前面，有的单词放在句子的后面；在一个复杂的句子中各个句子是怎么组合起来的。曾见过这样的句子：I am very like English (我是非常喜欢英语) 。My

English very well(我的英语非常好 )，上面的两个句子是常见典型错句，你能看出来错在哪里吗？

那么，对于英语句子结构来说，我们要掌握什么呢？首先你头脑中要有词类的概念（每一个单词都是什么词性），然后学会简单句五种基本句型及句子成分的分析，再然后就是并列句和复合句的分析，哇噻，想必现在你已经晕了，头蒙，什么词类啦，简单句啦，五种基本句型等等，这些究竟是什么“东东”，不急，慢慢来，你最终会大彻大悟的。

第二章词类概念建立以及词类分析能力的培养

英语语法——英语句子成分分析

English Grammar - Analysis of XXX

A XXX consists of two parts。the subject and the predicate。which are also known as the main components of the sentence。The secondary components of a sentence include the object。the

adjective。the adverb。and the XXX.

1) Subject: It is the subject of a sentence and the object of the

entire sentence。It is often a noun。numeral。or pronoun。and is

XXX:

Students study.

We are friends.

In these two sentences。the word "students" is a noun and

"we" is a pronoun。both serving as the subject of the sentence.

2) Predicate: It is the statement made about the subject。expressing the n or state of the subject。It is often a verb or verb

phrase。and is placed after the subject。For example:

Students study.

We are friends.

In these two sentences。the words "study" and "are" are verbs。"study" being an n verb and "are" being a linking verb。both

英语语法-句子成分分析及练习

英语句子成分分析

一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，它们是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语（包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语），表语，定语（包括前置定语及后置定语），状语，同位语（包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语），补语。

一.主语：是一句话的中心，一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象

如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. （时光飞逝。）

这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。

主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语

She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语

Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语

The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语

Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语

To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语

That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.

他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。（从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

二.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态

英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。

英语句子成分讲解及习题

- 1 - 七年级语法专项

句子结构成份讲解

 主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看书？“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）

“there be...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。

主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

 谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。

谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

 宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。

宾语（object）：1）动作的承受者-----动宾

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

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(完整版)英语语法分析-句子成分分析

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英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版

英语语法——英语句子成分分析

英语语法-句子成分分析及练习

英语句子成分讲解及习题

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