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公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法一、前言公路隧道的建设是现代交通建设重要的组成部分。
为了确保隧道的安全与稳定，开挖施工工法变得尤为关键。
本文将介绍一种名为“公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法”的方法，该方法具有独特的特点和广泛的适应范围，有效提高了施工安全性和效率。
二、工法特点公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法是一种应用广泛的隧道开挖工法。
其主要特点包括：施工过程简单明了，易于控制；施工适应性强，适用于各种地质条件；可靠性高，能够确保开挖施工的安全性和稳定性。
三、适应范围该工法适用于不同类型的公路隧道工程，包括软岩、硬岩等地质条件。
适用于各种规模的隧道，包括小型、中型和大型隧道。
同时，它也适用于各种形状的隧道，包括圆形、椭圆形等。
四、工艺原理公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法采用了一系列的技术措施，以实现施工工法与实际工程之间的联系。
首先，在施工过程中，根据隧道地质条件和设计要求，确定了三台阶的开挖方式，即先开挖上部台阶，再开挖中间台阶，最后开挖下部台阶。
这种开挖方式能够提供稳定的工作面，并减少洞体塌方的风险。
其次，施工过程中采取了合理的支护措施，如预制钢架支护、喷射混凝土支护等，以确保隧道的稳定性和安全性。
最后，施工过程中通过监测和检测手段不断进行质量控制，确保施工质量符合设计要求。
五、施工工艺公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法的施工过程分为三个阶段：上部台阶开挖、中间台阶开挖和下部台阶开挖。
在每个阶段中，先进行预制钢架支护，然后进行开挖，最后进行喷射混凝土支护。
在施工过程中，严格按照设计要求和施工规范进行操作，保证施工的顺利进行。
六、劳动组织根据公路隧道三台阶CD法开挖施工工法的特点，合理的劳动组织是确保施工顺利进行的关键。
在施工过程中，需要充分利用人力资源，合理安排施工人员的工作，确保施工的高效和安全。
七、机具设备该工法所需的机具设备主要包括挖掘机、预制钢架生产设备、喷射混凝土设备等。
Moving fromQCF to RQF BTEC Level 3 Nationals in BusinessBTEC Level 3 Nationals in Business© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrWelcome to your guide to the BTEC Level 3 Nationals RQF Business qualifications.ØSlides 3-4Find out what’s great about the new RQF Nationals in Business and view our whole business offer at Level 3ØSlide 5Understand what’s different to the QCF qualifications ØSlides 6-10Explore the structure of the qualifications in detailØSlides 11-19 See the range of support materials and advice available to helpyou plan and deliver your course ØSlides 20-22Know what to do next if you need help or advice.BTEC Level 3 Nationals in Business© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrBTEC Level 3 Business, Enterprise and Law qualifications prepare your learners for the fast-paced and constantly evolving world of business, ensuring they acquire the commercial knowledge and skills they need to work in business or establish their own enterprise.Qualifications available :Business Enterprise Law MarketingNEWEsports (coming soon )“They will find out a lot about finance, marketing, human resources, they’ll do some work experience –they really get that two-year experience finding out about how a company could operate.”Lyn Jenkins, Head of Sixth Form and Business Studies teacher at UTC Oxfordshire.Links with Industry Professionals We have agreements with the CMI, CIPD, CIM, and ACCA; each providing a unique benefit to students who want to focus on a specified area in the industry while making huge strides in their career progression .> Find out moreWant to talk to someone about delivering these qualifications?You can contact us through oursupport portal or by calling 0333 016 5450BTEC Level 3 Nationals in Business -full suite of RQF qualifications© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrBTEC Level 3 Nationals (RQF)Business Marketing Applied Law EnterpriseEsports(coming soon)FundedCertificate (180 GLH) Ext Certificate (360 GLH)Foundation Dip (510 GLH) Diploma (720GLH)Extended Dip (1080 GLH)Ext Certificate (360 GLH Diploma (720GLH)Extended Dip (1080GLH)Certificate (180 GLH) Ext Certificate (360 GLH)Certificate (180 GLH) Ext Certificate (360 GLH)Foundation Dip (510 GLH) Diploma (720GLH)Extended Dip (1080 GLH)Ext Certificate (360 GLH Foundation Dip (540 GLH) Diploma (720GLH)Extended Dip (1080GLH)(Funding TBC)Types of assessment InternalExternal exam and task InternalExternal exam InternalExternal task InternalExternal examInternalMandatory employer engagement No Yes No Yes NoUCAS points Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DfEPerformance TablesYesNoYesYesNoBTEC Level 3 Nationals in Business –QCF v RQF© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrWe’ve highlighted below the main differences between the QCF and RQF qualifications:ØUnits come in a range of sizes –60, 90 and 120 GLH which means that their weighting is different when calculating the final grade.ØThere is compensation across the qualification , with grades to reflect all achievement.ØExternally assessed units with a Near Pass grade.ØAssessment criter ia in internally assessed units are set out differently.ØSynoptic Assessment requires learners to demonstrate that they can identify and use effectively, in an integrated way, an appropriate selection of skills, techniques, concepts, theories and knowledge from across the whole sector as relevant to a key task.BTEC Nationals in Business© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrCertificate (180 GLH)Extended Certificate(360 (GLHFoundation Diploma(510 GLH)Diploma (720 GLH)Extended Diploma(1080 GLH)Equivalent to 0.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 1 A-Level Equivalent to 1.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 2 A-Levels Equivalent to 3 A-Levels TOTAL: 2 UNITSTOTAL: 4 UNITS TOTAL: 6 UNITS TOTAL: 8 UNITS TOTAL: 13 UNITS 2 MANDATORY UNITS 3 MANDATORY UNITS 4 MANDATORY UNITS 6 MANDATORY UNITS 7 MANDATORY UNITS 1 Exploring Business (90 GLH) 1 Exploring Business (90 GLH) 1 Exploring Business (90 GLH) 1 Exploring Business (90 GLH) 1 Exploring Business (90 GLH)2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH) 3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)4 Managing an Event (90 GLH)4 Managing an Event (90 GLH) 4 Managing an Event (90 GLH)5 International Business (90 GLH)5 International Business (90 GLH)6 Principles of Management (120 GLH)6 Principles of Management (120 GLH)7 Business Decision Making (120 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS 1 OPTIONAL UNIT 2 OPTIONAL UNITS 2 OPTIONAL UNITS 6 OPTIONAL UNITSAssignment –Set and marked internally Task –Set and marked by Pearson Written exam –Set and marked by PearsonBUSINESS STRUCTURE© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrAssignment –Set and marked internally Task –Set and marked by Pearson Written exam –Set and marked by PearsonENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP STRUCTURECertificate (180 GLH)Extended Certificate(360 (GLHFoundation Diploma(510 GLH)Diploma (720 GLH)Extended Diploma(1080 GLH)Equivalent to 0.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 1 A-Level Equivalent to 1.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 2 A-Levels Equivalent to 3 A-Levels TOTAL: 2 UNITSTOTAL: 4 UNITS TOTAL: 6 UNITS TOTAL: 8 UNITS TOTAL: 12 UNITS 2 MANDATORY UNITS 3 MANDATORY UNITS 4 MANDATORY UNITS 6 MANDATORY UNITS 8 MANDATORY UNITS 1 Enterprise andEntrepreneurs (90 GLH) 1 Enterprise andEntrepreneurs (90 GLH) 1 Enterprise and Entrepreneurs (90 GLH)1 Enterprise andEntrepreneurs (90 GLH) 1 Enterprise and Entrepreneurs (90 GLH)2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH) 2 Developing a Marketing Campaign (90 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH) 3 Personal and Business Finance (120 GLH)4 Launch and Run an Enterprise (90 GLH)4 Launch and Run an Enterprise (90 GLH) 4 Launch and Run an Enterprise (90 GLH)5 Survival and Growth (90 GLH)5 Survival and Growth (90 GLH)6 Principles of Management (120 GLH)6 Principles of Management (120 GLH)12 Business Decision Making (120 GLH)13 Principles of Management (120 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS 1 OPTIONAL UNIT 2 OPTIONAL UNITS 2 OPTIONAL UNITS4 OPTIONAL UNITS© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrAssignment –Set and marked internally Task –Set and marked by PearsonAPPLIED LAW STRUCTURECertificate (180 GLH)Extended Certificate(360 (GLHEquivalent to 0.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 1 A-Level TOTAL: 2 UNITS TOTAL: 4 UNITS 2 MANDATORY UNITS 3 MANDATORY UNITS 1 Dispute Solving in Civil Law(90 GLH)1 Dispute Solving in Civil Law(90 GLH)2 Investigating Aspects of Criminal law and theLegal System (90 GLH)2 Investigating Aspects of Criminal law and the LegalSystem (90 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS3 Applying the Law (120 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS 1 OPTIONAL UNIT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrAssignment –Set and marked internally Written exam–Set and marked by PearsonMARKETING STRUCTUREExtended Certificate(360 (GLHDiploma (720 GLH)Extended Diploma (1080 GLH)Equivalent to 1 A-Level Equivalent to 2 A-Levels Equivalent to 3 A-Levels TOTAL: 3 UNITS TOTAL: 7 UNITS TOTAL: 12 UNITS 3 MANDATORY UNITS6 MANDATORY UNITS7 MANDATORY UNITS1 Careers in Marketing (60 GLH)1 Careers in Marketing (60 GLH)1 Careers in Marketing (60 GLH)2 Marketing Principles (120 GLH) 2 Marketing Principles (120 GLH) 2 Marketing Principles (120 GLH)3 Customer Communications (180 GLH) 3 Customer Communications (180 GLH) 3 Customer Communications (180 GLH)4 Applying Digital Marketing (180 GLH) 4 Applying Digital Marketing (180 GLH)5 Branding Products and Services (60 GLH)5 Branding Products and Services (60 GLH)6 Generating Customer Loyalty (60 GLH)6 Generating Customer Loyalty (60 GLH)7 Marketing an Event (60 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS1 OPTIONAL UNIT 5 OPTIONAL UNITS© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrAssignment –Set and marked internallyESPORTS STRUCTUREExtended Certificate(360 (GLHFoundation Diploma(540 GLH)Diploma (720 GLH)5Extended Diploma(1080 GLH)Equivalent to 1 A-Level Equivalent to 1.5 A-LevelsEquivalent to 2 A-Levels Equivalent to 3 A-Levels TOTAL: 4 UNITS TOTAL: 7 UNITS TOTAL: 9 UNITS TOTAL: 15 UNITS 4 MANDATORY UNITS 4 MANDATORY UNITS5 MANDATORY UNITS 5 MANDATORY UNITS1 Introduction to Esports (60 GLH) 1 Introduction to Esports (60 GLH) 1 Introduction to Esports (60 GLH) 1 Introduction to Esports (60 GLH)2 Esports Skills, Strategies and Analysis (120 GLH)2 Esports Skills, Strategies and Analysis (120 GLH)2 Esports Skills, Strategies and Analysis (120 GLH)2 Esports Skills, Strategies and Analysis (120 GLH)3 Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Esports Industry (90 GLH) 3 Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Esports Industry (90 GLH) 3 Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Esports Industry (90 GLH) 3 Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Esports Industry (90 GLH)4 Health, Wellbeing and Fitness for Esports Players (90 GLH)4 Health, Wellbeing and Fitness for Esports Players (90 GLH)4 Health, Wellbeing and Fitness for Esports Players (90 GLH) 4 Health, Wellbeing and Fitness for Esports Players (90 GLH)5 Esports Events (120 GLH)5 Esports Events (120 GLH)0 OPTIONAL UNITS 3 OPTIONAL UNITS 4 OPTIONAL UNITS 10 OPTIONAL UNITSPlanning your delivery© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrThis section highlights the range of support materials and advice available to help you plan your delivery of BTEC Level 3 Nationals qualifications including:ØSlides 12-15External assessment ØSlides 16-18Internal assessment ØSlide 19GradingPlanning your delivery -EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT © 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrAvailability Twice a yearResit opportunityLearners can resit BTEC Nationals twiceResults and Post result services https:///en/support/support-for-you/exam-officers-administrators/results.htmlResourcesSample Assessment MaterialAdditional Sample Assessment Material Past PapersExaminer reports Mark schemesSample Marked Learner workCompensationNear Pass (N grade) meaning learners can pass the qualification without passing the external assessment as long as they achieve the N grade and meet all other eligibility requirements Types of external assessmentsTaskWritten ExamKEY INFORMATIONPlanning your delivery –EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrSUPPORT –Course materialsWe’ve a wide range of course materials available to help with all aspects of externalassessment. You’ll find these on the Course Materials section on your qualification page.Detailed specifications –to help you fully understand the qualifications Sample marked learner work –so you have an example of the standardExaminer reports –to help you prepare for future assessmentsAdministrative support guides –summarising all the support materials and key information available –you’ll find these under the external assessment tab.Planning your delivery –EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrSUPPORT –Assessment administration supportWe've created a document that has all the information you need to run your BTEC external assessments.You’ll find this downloadable document on the Exams Officers page .BTEC External Assessment OverviewA one stop administration guidance document containing everything you and your exams officers will need to manage and run external assessment within BTEC.(Please note, this is a live document and content may change throughout the year.)Planning your delivery –EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrSUPPORT –Support servicesIn addition to course materials, you also have a range of free BTEC Support Services designed specifically to save you time and help your learners prepare for external assessment.Our free online BTEC planningtool developed to save you time.Find out more Our free online results analysis tool. Find out moreCreate mock exams from our bank of past paper questions.Find out morePast papersSo learners can get a feel for what to expect. Find out more .Planning your delivery –INTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrEXAMPLE UNITLearning aims to help clarify assessment criteria.Further information provides key information about preparing for and delivering a unitGlossaryhighlights the key terms used.Planning your delivery -INTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrASSIGNMENT BRIEFSTo give you maximum flexibility and support when planning your course, you have three options available when preparing your assignment briefs:e the Pearson Authorised Assignment Briefs as published –you will find these under the InternalAssessment tab on the Course Materials section of the qualification specification page. 2.Adapt a Pearson Authorised Assignment Brief to suit the needs of your learners.3.Create your own Assignment Briefs if you think this will better meet the needs of your learners, or where anAuthorised Assignment Brief is not available. To help check you have everything covered you can use our Assignment Checking Service.(Remember, you must still internally verify assignments even if you’ve used them ‘off the shelf ’. )Planning your delivery –INTERNAL ASSESSMENT© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrSUPPORT –Course materialsWe’ve a wide range of course materials available to help with all aspects of internal assessment. You’ll find these on the Course Materials section on your qualification specification page.Detailed specifications –to help you fully understand the qualificationsSample marked learner work –so you have an example of the standardAssignment Checking Service –to check you have everything coveredAsk the Expert –contact our team of subject specialists who can help with any questions you may have.Planning your delivery -GRADING© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrGrade calculationsExternal UnitsInternal UnitsQualificationBTEC Nationals in Business –NEXT STEPS© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonrPublished resourcesWe also have a range of published resources available to purchase including:Student booksBook1Unit 1. Exploring businessUnit 2. Developing a marketing campaign Unit 3. Personal and business finance Unit 4. Managing an eventUnit 8. Recruitment and selection process Unit 14. Investigating customer service Unit 16. Visual merchandising Unit 22. Market researchUnit 23. The English legal system Student Book 2Unit 5. International business Unit 6. Principles of management Unit 7. Business decision makingUnit 19. Pitching for a new businessUnit 21. Training and developmentRevision guides•Revision Guide•Revision Workbook•Practice Assessments Plus (Unit 2)•Practice Assessments Plus (Unit 3)Teaching packsTeaching Pack1Unit 1. Exploring businessUnit 2. Developing a marketing campaignUnit 3. Personal and business finance Unit 4. Managing an eventUnit 8. Recruitment and selection process Unit 14. Investigating customer service Teaching Pack 2Unit 5. International business Unit 6. Principles of management Unit 7. Business decision making Unit 19. Pitching for a new business Unit 21. Training and development> > > Find out morePlease note, you do not need to purchase resources in order to deliver these qualifications.BTEC Nationals in Business –NEXT STEPS© 123rf/Jeremy Reddingtonr TRAINING EVENTSIn addition to course materials and support services, we also regularly run training events to help you successfully deliver your course.Whether you’re new to BTEC, need a refresher or want to know more about the BTEC Nationals RQF qualifications in particular, we’ve a range of events to help.Visit our training page for the latest events and check back regularly as we are constantly updating our calendar of events.> Find out more about trainingBTEC Nationals in Business –NEXT STEPS© 123rf/Jeremy Reddingtonr Getting in touchIf you need help or advice about delivering BTEC Nationals Business qualifications your Subject Advisor, Colin Leith willbe happy to help.Here’s how:Join our community @PearsonEconBusJoin me on FacebookUK: 0333 016 5450Intl: + 44 (0)333 016 5450Contact us。
目录第1章项目概述 (1)1.1 项目背景 (1)1.2 设计原则 (1)1.3 项目需求分析 (1)1.4 建设内容 (2)第2章总体设计 (3)2.1 技术选型 (3)2.2 总体框架 (3)2.3 开发平台及工具 (4)2.3.1 J2EE技术构架 (4)2.3.2 J2EE技术体系 (5)2.3.3 开发工具 (6)2.4 良好的技术线路 (6)2.4.1 J2EE 技术 (7)2.4.2中间件技术 (7)2.4.3应用集成技术 (7)2.4.4业务流程管理 (8)2.4.5 Web services (8)2.4.6 WebPart (8)2.5 系统其它设计 (10)2.5.1 系统性能设计 (10)2.5.2 系统的架构安全设计 (11)2.5.3 系统的稳定性设计 (11)2.6 技术特色 (11)第3章软件平台建设 (13)3.1 应用基础支撑平台 (13)3.1.1 总体要求 (13)3.1.2 支持SAAS (14)3.1.3 分级管理中心 (14)3.1.4 B/S所见即所得的应用开发、运行平台 (17)3.1.5 关键组件功能 (18)3.2 开放服务平台建设 (44)3.2.1 统一数据传输与交换服务 (44)3.2.2 统一身份认证服务 (45)3.2.3 统一应用接入及管理服务 (45)3.2.4 信息推送服务 (45)3.2.5 二代证阅读服务 (45)3.2.6 位置服务 (45)3.3 与现有系统对接建设 (45)3.3.1 数据抽取 (46)3.3.2 抽取全量、增量数据 (46)3.3.3 数据过滤 (46)3.3.4 数据关联 (47)3.3.5 数据传输 (48)3.3.6 数据映射、转换 (48)3.3.7 数据同步 (48)3.3.8 服务调度 (49)3.4 软件应用 (49)3.4.1 移动管理平台建设 (49)3.4.2 终端业务应用建设要求 (56)第4章基础硬件支撑建设 (72)4.1 支撑应用服务器 (72)4.2 移动应用服务器 (72)4.3 数据库服务器 (73)4.4 移动接入代理 (74)5.1 项目实施目的和意义 (75)5.2 项目实施阶段说明 (75)5.3 项目实施进度计划 (76)5.4 项目经理 (76)5.4.1 任职资格和职责 (76)5.4.2 项目经理权利 (77)5.4.3 项目经理负责制 (78)5.4.4 项目经理动态聘任制 (78)5.5 项目组 (78)5.6 项目实施流程 (79)5.7 项目实施内容 (80)第6章项目商务 (81)6.1 项目可行性分析 (83)6.2 项目立项 (83)第7章项目策划 (84)7.1 项目目标和范围 (84)7.2 项目合同 (86)7.2.1 承包合同 (86)7.2.2 分包合同 (86)7.3 项目组织 (87)7.3.1 项目前期组织 (87)7.3.2 项目开发实施组织 (87)7.4 项目策略 (87)7.5 项目计划 (89)7.5.1 项目任务计划 (90)7.5.2 项目成本计划 (91)7.6 项目启动会议 (92)8.1 项目进度控制 (93)8.1.1 项目例会 (93)8.1.2 项目状态报告 (93)8.1.3 项目里程碑/阶段评估验收 (94)8.1.4 项目审计 (94)8.1.5 项目收款进度 (94)8.2 项目质量 (94)8.2.1 软件质量 (94)8.2.2 过程质量 (96)8.2.3 质量措施 (96)8.3 项目成本控制 (97)8.3.1 项目预算 (97)8.3.2 月度预算 (97)8.3.3 备用金管理 (97)8.4 公司项目风险控制 (97)8.5 变更管理 (98)第9章项目收尾 (101)9.1 项目收尾的前期准备 (102)9.2 部署 (102)9.2.1 计划部署 (102)9.2.2 部署 (102)9.2.3 部署总结 (103)9.2.4 系统试运行 (103)9.3 验收 (104)9.3.1 计划验收 (105)9.3.2 验收 (105)9.3.3 验收结束 (105)9.4 项目维护 (105)第10章质量保证计划 (106)10.1 概述 (106)10.1.1 严格遵循质量管理规范、标准 (106)10.1.2 科学的项目组织管理方法 (106)10.1.3 实用的项目开发建设质量保证体系 (107)10.1.4 严密的安全管理、防范体系 (107)10.1.5 完善的售后服务体系 (107)10.2 质量保证 (108)10.2.1 前言 (108)10.2.2 质量的定义 (109)10.2.3 对质量常见的误解 (110)10.2.4 质量能添加到产品中或在其中“测试” (110)10.2.5 产品质量 (111)10.2.6 流程质量 (113)10.2.7 评测质量 (113)10.2.8 评估质量 (115)10.3 本项目中对项目管理和质量保证的应用 (117)10.3.1 前言 (117)10.3.2 需求阶段 (117)10.3.3 项目计划阶段 (118)10.3.4 设计阶段 (120)10.3.5 编码阶段 (121)10.3.6 测试阶段 (122)10.3.7 项目收尾 (123)10.4 本项目中的评审机制 (123)10.4.1 目的 (123)10.4.2 角色和职责 (124)10.4.3 评审时机 (124)10.4.4 评审的基本要求 (124)10.4.5 评审依据 (124)10.4.6 评审内容 (125)10.4.7 评审方式 (125)10.4.8 工作程序 (125)第11章项目综合服务 (128)11.1 项目风险 (128)11.2 项目沟通 (130)11.2.1 客户沟通 (131)11.2.2 公司沟通 (131)11.2.3 项目组内部沟通 (131)11.2.4 项目问题跟踪 (132)11.3 售后服务计划 (132)11.4 培训计划 (133)11.4.1 培训计划 (133)11.4.2 培训方式及内容 (134)第1章项目概述1.1 项目背景公安信息化建设和应用作为公安工作的重要组成部分在公安“三基”工程建设中得到稳步发展和进步，在提升公安机关维护稳定、打击犯罪、服务社会等能力上发挥了重要作用，是夯实公安基层基础工作的重要手段。
地下管线探测仪分类和选择标准
地下管线探测仪根据探测原理分为两大类，一类是利用电磁感应原理探测金属管线、电/光缆，以及一些带有金属标志线的非金属管线，这类简称管线探测仪；另一类是利用电磁波探测所有材质的地下管线，也可用于地下掩埋物体的查找，俗称雷达，也被称为管线雷达。
通常来说，地下管线探测仪是由两大部分组成的，即发射机和接收机。
发射机：给被测管线施加一个分外频率的信号电流，大凡采用直连法、感应法和夹钳法三种激发模式。
接收机：接收机内置感应线圈，接收管道的磁场信号，线圈产生感应电流，从而计算管道的走向和路径。
大凡来说，地下管线探测仪的发射机有三种接收模式：峰值模式(最大值)、谷值模式(最小值)、宽峰模式；另外现在更优秀的仪器大凡都带有峰值箭头模式(结合了峰值与谷值两者的优点，使操作更直观)以及罗盘导向(用于指明管线的走向)。
选择地下管线探测仪的话，可以依据以下标准：
1、根据自己的需要：很多管线仪只适合部分探测要求，在选择时，要了解清晰管线仪的适用范围。
2、了解管线仪的测试方法，是否操作更加简易，界面更直观。
3、了解管线仪的功能，测深能力是否符合自己的需求。
4、附件的配置是否完备，如夹钳(大凡用于密集区电缆探测)、充电电池(节约探测成本)等。
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DLFA-DT33三层电梯实训系统技术文件图片仅供参考一、设备概述该装置能够真实模拟实际电梯的工作状态，可以完成在电梯升降、开关门的动作过1程。
该装置由工作部分、控制部分和上位机界面组成。
工作部分含有多种工业传动装置，多种工业传感器，能够真实模拟电梯开关门结构。
控制部分采用三种控制方式（PLC控制、单片机控制、上位机控制），完成整个系统的控制运行。
该装置自动运行采用单片机控制，启动接口面板上的控制按钮，控制电梯运行。
可外接PLC控制电梯运行。
旋转转换开关SA1，即可改变控制方式，单片机控制/PLC控制/PC控制。
该装置带有上位机监控，可在上位机上直接监控电梯运行过程。
控制面板上留有PLC控制输入输出接口及上位机通讯接口。
设备整体由铝合金实训平台、轿厢、信号转接部分、楼层显示部分等部件构成。
二、技术指标：1、电源输入：单相三线AC220V±10％50Hz2、设备工作电压：DC24V3、温度：-10℃～40℃；环境湿度：≤90%（25℃）；4、整机容量：≤200VA5、外形尺寸：310×300×580mm三、产品功能描述：21、该装置配置了直流电机、轿厢操作部分、数码管显示部分、传感器实训部件。
整个系统为模块化结构的开放式实训平台。
2、电梯实训装置由底板、上下行轿厢、行程限位机构、呼叫指示灯、轿厢门、控制面板、控制电机、传感器、传动机构等组成。
可采集现场的各种信号，如内选按钮信号、外选按钮信号、楼层限位信号、电梯门限位信号，能实现电梯的逻辑控制；能够进行轿厢升降和电梯门开关两组控制，且可以结合起来进行实验；具有升降和开关门硬件断电保护功能，有效避免电动机越位运行故障；3、该系统采用计算机仿真现代化信息技术手段，通过操作、模拟、仿真三个培训层面，解决了以往专业培训理论、实验、实习和实际应用脱节的问题。
4、配置组态软件，并提供应用指导和应用工程示例。
5、易学：配套助学软件素材库。
