商法资料(1)

第一章商法概述一、概念（一）“商”的概念①经济学上的“商”: 是指沟通生产与消费的中间环节, 即产品由生产者向消费者流转的渠道和中介。

②法律上的“商”或“商事”泛指一切以营利为目的经营活动的总称。

营利性主体从事的一切营利性活动和事业的总称（二）凡属以营利为目的, 从事媒介交易之行为（三）商法的概念①商法即商事法, 是指调整商事交易主体在其商行为中所形成的商事关系的法律规范的总称。

②狭义的商法仅指商法典与其附属法规；广义的商法包括全部商事法律部门。

③形式上的商法主要存在于“民商分立”的体例的国家和地区；实质意义上的商法商法的分类:1.商人为中心的主观主义的商法（德国）2.商行为为中心的客观主义的商法（法国）3.德法之外的折中主义的基础。

4.以货物买卖为中心构造的商法。

商法的调整对象是商事关系: 我国多数学者二、商法的历史和发展1、（一）我国古代商法的特点:2、受封建社会传统的影响, 主要具有公法性。

3、商人地位低下。

4、受中国小农经济社会的影响。

5、缺乏商人信用体制支持。

利益: 拆分；重组6、商业的不发达与科技落后息息相关（二）当代商法的发展趋势:1.统分结合的发展趋势: 即在法典化的基础上分别制定各种商事特别法的趋势。

分: 专门的商法典；合: 大商法: 商法典基础、专门商事法。

2.两大法系相互渗透:①刑事上: 大陆法系越来越多运用判例；英美法系越来越多运用成文法②内容上：合同生效 GISG到达生效；公司法中越权, 英美法系越权的限制3、商法的社会化趋势: 即商法在重视保护商人的个体利益时要以不损害社会利益为前提。

如商事登记制度、反不正当竞争法中对商行为的限制。

①个人VS社会利益②调节立法: 私力救济VS公法救济③目标价值: 价值观与发展模式统一4.商法的技术化趋势5.商品的国际化与统一性(三)国际商事法的发展与统一国际货物国际服务知识产权领域三、①标准合同定义: 当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定, 并在订立合同时未与对方协商又叫格式合同、定式合同。

第一章商法概述第一章商法概述第一章商法概述1.1 商法的概念和特征一、“商”的含义“商事”“商行为”“商人”＊汉语辞义①买卖、交易行为——“通财鬻货曰商”②商人——“士农工商”＊英语commerce 贸易、商业，并无商人的意思“商品交换和实现商品交换的一切活动。

”——《牛津法律大辞典》“货物、生产品或任何种类的财物的交换。

”——《布莱克法律辞典》●商的范畴：第一种商——固有商（买卖商）——直接的货物买卖或交易行为第二种商——辅助商（运输、仓储等）——为固有商提供服务的行为第三种商——为第一种商和第二种商提供交易条件（银行、信托等）——与上述商行为有密切联系的营业活动第四种商——（宾馆、娱乐等）——与辅助商或第三种商有关联的营业＊经济学上社会再生产过程中的一个流通环节，不包括生产活动＊法学上商主体从事的各种营利性行为的总称●商的特征：两方面：（1）营利——目的和动机赚取利润。

（2）营业——以其为业，时间上连续性。

营利是商内在主观蕴涵，营业是商外在客观表现。

经营商业的目的在于营利，商业活动体现为营业。

二、商法的概念商法是指调整商事关系的法律规范的总称。

形式意义上的商法和实质意义上的商法我国有无形式意义上的商法？●商法体系的结构1.商主体制度 5.票据制度2.商行为制度 6.证券制度3.公司制度 7.保险制度4.破产制度 8.海商制度三、商法的特征(一)商法内容具有兼容性——“私法兼公法”——“实体法兼程序法”——“任意法兼强制法” (二)商法规范具有技术性 (三)商法规范具有国际性 (四)商法规范具有变动性第一章商法概述【例】错卖”证券，能不能反悔?2002年9月25日上午，王先生在其开户的银河证券杭州新华路营业部通过集合竞价，成功购得了150手在上海证券交易所上市的010210国债，且买入价“奇低”——他本来预先在自己的买卖账户内打入了15万元（债券以人民币1000元面额为1手），结果交割单上却显示，他加上交易佣金才只用了1890.2元。

第一章1、国际商法是指调整国际商事组织和国际商事交易活动的各种关系的法律规范的总和。

2、国际商法与国际私法、国际经济法的区别国际商法与国际经济法不同，国际商法不是国家干预经济的产物，它的调整对象只是商人们的跨国商事交易和商事组织，调整对象决定了其法律性质必然是私法性的。

与国际私法不同，国际商法直接规范国际商事交易和商事组织，国际私法属于冲突规范，它只是为具有涉外因素的私法案件确定准据法。

3、国际法方面渊源包括国际条约和国际惯例A国际条约中按照条约的缔约方数目划分，可以分为双边、区域性和全球性国际条约。

B国际商事惯例国际商事惯例是在长期的商业或贸易实践基础上发展起来的用于解决国际商事问题的实体法性质的国际惯例。

根据长期的国际贸易实践中逐步形成的某些通用的习惯做法而制定的规则。

虽然不是法律，不具有普遍的法律拘束力。

但按各国的法律，在国际贸易中都允许当事人有选择适用国际贸易惯例的自由，一旦当事人在合同中采用了某项惯例，它对双方当事人就具有法律拘束力。

4、大陆法系直接源于罗马法系。

罗马法定义：是指奴隶制国家从公元前6世纪罗马国家形成到东罗马帝国灭亡时期的全部法律。

最早的成文法：《十二铜表法》《国法大全》《查士丁尼国法大全》（《罗马法大全》）的四部分《学说便会》《法学阶梯》《查士丁尼法典》《新律》。

5、大陆法系和英美法系比较1、法律分类方法不同。

大陆法系国家一般将公法和私法的划分作为法律分类的基础，在此基础上进一步划分法律部门。

英美法系则以普遍法和衡平法为法律的基本分类。

2、法律的表现形式不同。

大陆法系国家在私法方面倾向于编纂法典，英美法系主要以判例法为主要形式。

3在法律思维方式的特点方面，大陆法系的法官审理案件以成文的法律条文为依据，运用演绎型思维分析案件；英美法系的法官引证判例案审理案件，运用归纳式思维，注重类比推理。

4、在诉讼程序方面，大陆法系与教会法程序接近，属于纠问制诉讼，英美法系则采用对抗制诉讼程序。

商法一、商法简介商法是指针对商业活动的法律规范，旨在保护商业主体的合法权益，维持市场秩序，促进经济发展。

商法包括了与商业活动相关的各种法律规范，如合同法、公司法、商标法、反垄断法等。

二、合同法2.1 合同的定义合同是商法中最基本的法律行为，是双方当事人约定权利义务关系的法律文书。

合同法规定了合同的成立、效力、履行和违约等基本原则，为商业交易提供了法律保障。

2.2 合同的要素合同的要素包括了合同当事人、合同标的、合同内容和合同形式。

当事人必须满足法律规定的民事行为能力，合同标的必须是合法的经济利益，合同内容必须明确具体，合同形式必须符合法定要求。

2.3 合同的履行和违约合同的履行是指合同当事人按照合同约定的方式和条件履行合同义务，包括了交付货物、支付价格、提供服务等。

合同的违约是指合同当事人未按照合同约定履行义务或者履行义务不符合合同约定的情形。

2.4 合同的效力和解释合同的效力是指合同在法律上产生法律约束力，当事人必须按照合同约定的义务履行。

合同的解释是指对合同条款的解释和理解，可以参考合同的语言文字、当事人的真实意思和交易习惯等因素。

三、公司法3.1 公司的定义公司是指由投资者共同出资，共同承担风险，共同享有收益的经济组织，具有独立的法人地位。

公司法规定了公司的组织形式、资本构成、股东权益等重要内容。

3.2 公司的设立和登记公司的设立必须符合法定条件，并按照法定程序进行申请、审批和登记。

公司的设立需要编制公司章程、确定公司名称、出资比例等，同时还需要缴纳一定的注册资本。

3.3 公司的组织结构公司的组织结构包括了股东大会、董事会和监事会等机构，每个机构都具有不同的职责和权力。

股东大会是公司最高权力机构，董事会负责公司的经营管理，监事会进行对董事会的监督。

3.4 公司的股权转让公司的股权可以在股东之间进行转让，转让可以通过协商一致、股份转让协议等方式进行。

股权转让的法律程序和规范要求是保障股东权益，维护公司稳定经营的重要保障。

1.International business is the economic system of exchanging goods, services and intellectual property, conducted between individuals and businesses in multiple countries.2. International business law is the body of rules and norms that regulates business activities carried outside the legal boundaries of states. In particular, it regulates the business transactions of private persons internationally, and the relationship of international commercial organizations.3.International treaties and conventions difference:treaties are binding agreements between two or more states,and conventions are legally binding agreements between states sponsored by international organizations.4.Source of international business law: A.Nation law B.International treaties and conventionsC.International model lawD.International trade customs and usages5.The most important international conventions: The United nations Convention on Contract for the International Sales of Goods(CISG,联合国国际货物销售合同公约)Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading (the Hague rules,海牙规则)The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention,巴黎公约)Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU,争端解决规则与程序谅解)6.International model law (国际示范法)means rules and norms worked out and passed by some international organizations for the free choice by nations.7.International trade customs and usage(国际商事惯例) mean the general rules and practices in international trade activities that have become generally adopted through unvarying habit and common use.Influence: not law, but plays an important role.anization Affiliated with UN隶属联合国的组织•The United Nations Economic and Social Council 联合国经社理事会•The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) 联合国国际贸易法委员(promote：international trade through harmonization of trade law among nations.)•International Monetary Fund (IMF)国际货币基金组织IMF Objectives: to promote international monetary cooperation, to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade and to promote stability in foreign exchange.•The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行（世界银行）•International Development Association 国际发展协会•International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司9.GATT(关贸总协定与世界贸易组织)--General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Purpose:to commit member countries to the principles of nondiscrimination and reciprocity.WTO—World Trade Organization.The Organization for European Economic Cooperation欧洲经济合作组织international Chamber of Commerce 国际商会10.T he Romano-Germanic Civil Law Family罗马日尔曼民法法系: France, Germany, and Switzerland et11.T he Anglo-American Law Family英美法系: England, America, Indiaetc.(Islamic Law Family伊斯兰法系: Islamic countries).12.T he Differences between the two main legal family•1) The basic source of civil law is codes, the basic source of common law is case law.•2) For the status of law, civil law is independent of government, but common law is superior to government.•3) To the base of legal rules, civil law is based on general principles, while common law is based on specific circumstances.•4) Civil law is most influenced by legislators, while common law is most influenced by judges.•5) For the application of law, in civil-law countries deductive means is widely applied, while in common-law countries, inductive means is applied.•6) For the use of case law as precedents, in civil-law countries it’s respected, but in common-law countries it’s required.1.Specialization(专业化)means that each nation should specialize to itsresource endowment by applying the law of comparative advantages.It enables nations to emphasize the activities at which they are most efficient and at the same time gain certain advantages through trade.parative Advantage(相对优势) countries will specialize in producing several products and services in which they have lower opportunity costs than their trading partners .3.Absolute Advantage(绝对优势)countries will specialize in producing several products and services in which they have lower opportunity costs than their trading partners .4.Opportunity Cost(机会成本)means the value of the benefit that is given up to produce one economic good as opposed to another5.Exporting is divided into:direct and indirect.ernment Control Over Trade: a) Tariffs. b) Nontariff Barriers to Trade. c) Export Testrictions.7.tariffs(关税) are taxes imposed on imports or exports when crossing thecustoms either by value or per unit of quantity.a) ad valorem duty 从价税b)specific duty从量税8.Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税壁垒) are all barriers to import and exportother thantariffs. significance: to protect national economy, social and politicalinterest.9.I ntellectual property rights(知识产权): are a grant from a government to anindividual or firm of the exclusive legal right to use a copyright, patent ortrademark for a specified time.10.Copyrights(商标) are legal rights to an artistic or written work11.Patents(专利)are governmental grants to inventors assuring them of theexclusive legal right to produce and sell their inventions for a period of years12.International Licensing Agreement s(国际许可协议): are contracts by whichthe holder of intellectual property right will grant certain rights in that propertyto a foreign firm under specified conditions and for a specified time.13.Technology Transfer(技术转让): the exchange of technology andknow-howthrough arrangements such as international licensing contracts.14.International Franchising(国际特许): is form of licensing that is gaining inpopularity worldwide. The most common form of franchising is known as abusiness operations franchise.1.Applicability of the CISG(适用范围)：a)for commercial sales of goods，not forconsumer sales. b)between parties whose places of business are in differentcountries.c)the places of business are located in countries that have ratified theconvention.2.Applicability of the CISG Issues not covered(没有涉及的问题): a)the legalityof the contract. b)the competency of the parties. c)the rights of third parties.3.Sales and issue excluded(排除适用的销售):a)consumer goods sold forpersonal, family or household use; b)goods bought at auction; c)stocks,securities, negotiable instruments, or money; d)ships, vessels, or aircraft;e)electricity; f)assembly contracts; g)contracts that are in preponderant part forthe supply of labor or other services; h)liability of the seller for death orpersonal injury caused by the goods; i)parties agree to exclude the Conventionor they choose other law.4.General Principles of CISG(一般原则): a party has the duty to communicateinformation needed by the other party; parties have the obligation to mitigatedamages resulting from a breach5.R ules of Private International law(国际私法原则)Used only when CISG itselfdoes not directly settle a matter, or when the matter cannot be resolved bytheapplication of a general principle derived from the Convention itself.Purpose:to avoid the possibility that courts will adopt interpretive aids on an ad hocbasis.6.Negotiations(谈判): a) the negotiations leading up to the contract b)the practices which the parties have established between themselves. c) theparties’ conduct after they agree to the contract. Purpose: to do away with thetechnical rules that domestic courts use to interpret contract.7.T he parol evidence rule(口头证据规则)8.Force Majeure(不可抗力)9.Practices and Usages(惯例)：•Art.8(3)and 9(1): any practice they haveestablished betweenthemselves. •Art.9(1): any usage which the parties agreedto. •Art.9(2): a usage which the parties knew or ought to have known andwhich is widely known to and regularly observed.10.Principles of International Commercial Contracts(UNIDROIT PICC,国际商事合同通则) is a non-legislative means of unification or harmonization of law inthe area of international commerce. (The most important model laws ofinternational commerce.)11.General principles of the UNIDROIT PICC(一般原则):Freedom of Contract;openness to Usages; Favor Contractus; Observance of Good Faith and FairDealing in International Trade.12.The Purposes of the PICC: A model for national and international legislators;A means of interpreting and supplementing existing international instruments; Aguide for drafting contracts; The PICC as rules governing the contract.13.T he Importance of CISG: The CISG was unanimously adopted in 1980 by adiplomaticconference held in Vienna, it represents a landmark in the process ofinternational unification of law. The importance is further demonstrated by thefact that the number of decisions rendered by both state courts and arbitraltribunals in its applications is rapidly increasing.14.T he Shortcomings of CISG: a) CISG is less comprehensive in contents; b)some provisions in UNIDROIT are more reasonable and suitable; c) thetrade-encouraging principle is better embodied in UNIDROIT.15.Incoterms(国际贸易术语) is a set of trade term definition published by theInternational Chamber of Commerce (ICC), which provides rules to determinethe obligations of both seller and buyer. (First published in 1936,the newestrevision is in 2000.)16.EXW: Ex Works(工厂交货) FCA:free carrier(货交承运人) FAS: free alongsideship(装运港船边交货) FOB: free on board (装运港船上交货) CFR: cost andfreight(成本加运费) CIF: cost, insurance and freight(成本、运费加保险费) CPT:carriage paid to(运费付至) CIP: carriage and insurance paid to(运费、保险费付至) DAF: delivered at frontier(边境交货) DES: delivered ex ship(目的港船上交货) DEQ: delivered ex quay(目的港码头交货) DDU: delivered duty unpaid(未完税交货) DDP: delivered duty paid(完税后交货)1.Contract(合约): A) English Law: A promise or a set of promises, for breach ofwhich the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some wayrecognizes as a duty.•B) American Law: A promise or a set of promises that the law will enforce or atleast recognize in some way.•C) French Civil Code1101: Contract is a mutual assent withwhich one person ormore is obligated to give a thing, to do or not to do a thing to one person ormore persons.•D) China Contract Law: A contract is an agreement establishing, modifying andterminating the civil rights and obligations between natural persons, legalpersons or other organizations.2.Form of Contract(合同的形式):means whether a contract is made inwriting or orally•A) English Law: early period required that contract be in writing. 1906 revisedSales of Goods Act repealed the writing requirement.•B) American Law: UCC requires that contracts for sale of goods for $500 or thatmore must in writing. However, at present many exceptions to this rule makemost oral sales of contracts enforceable.•C) CISG: contracts of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing andis not subject to any other requirements as to form. It may be proved by anymeans, including witnesses.•D) UNIDROID PICC: almost the same with CISG•E) China Foreign Economic Contract Law:a contract will be established whenthe parties reach agreement on the articles in writing and sign their names.3.Validity(有效性):under the common law, a valid contract is anagreement that contains all of the essentials of a contract.4.Contract contains four elements(合同四要素): a) it is an agreementbetween the parties entered into by their mutual assent. b) the contract mustbe supported by legally sufficient consideration. c) the parties must have legalcapacity. d) the contract must not be for illegal purposes or to carry on anactivity that is illegal or contrary to public policy.5.Offer(要约) :An offer is a proposal by one person to another indicating anintention to enter into a contract under specified terms.6.Requirements of offer(要约的要求):a) an offer must be addressed toone or more specific persons.; b) an offer must be sufficiently definite andindicates the intention of the offeror to be bound; c) an offer becomes validwhen it arrives at the offeree.7.An offer（inCISG）can’t be revoked(撤销) (a) if it indicates that it isirrevocable or (b)if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as beingirrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.pse of Offer(要约的失效):a) On the death either of the offeror or theofferee before acceptance.; b) By non-acceptance within the time prescribed foracceptance by the offeror; c) when no time for acceptance is prescribed, bynon-acceptance within a reasonable time.9.Revocation of offer(要约的撤销):means that the offeror notifies theofferee before acceptance of the invalidity of the offer so as to be free from it.10.Acceptance(接受):The acceptance is the offeree’s manifestation of theintention to be bound to the terms of the offer.11.Requirements of Acceptance: a) must be made by the offeree; b) mustbe made within the period of validity; c) must match the terms of the offerexactly and unequivocally.12.The mirror image rule(镜像原则)：The rule requires that an acceptancebe unconditional and that it not attempt to change any of the terms proposed inthe offer.13.Consideration(对价) is some benefit received by a party who gives apromise or performs an act, or some detriment suffered by a party who receivesa promise. Under common law, it is one of the three elements of contractformation.14.General Rules on Consideration(对价的一般原则): a) is required for allsimple contract( not under seal); b) must have a value recognized by law butneed not be equal to the promise; c) must be present or future and cannot bepast; d) must be possible to perform; e) must be legal; f) must move from thepromisee; h) must not be too vague; I) performance of an existing contractualduty is not valuable consideration.15.Exceptions(例外) to the Consideration Requirement: a) contract underseal (密封的合同); b) promissory estoppel (禁止反言)16.Misrepresentation(错误陈述):the basic idea of misrepresentation is thatone party makes false statement and the other party thus enters into a contractby justifiably relied on it.17.Elements of Misrepresentation(错误陈述的要素): misrepresentation ofa material fact and the harmed party justifiably relied on the statement.18. A material fact is one that would contribute to a reasonable person’sdecision to enter the contract.19.Three types of misrepresentation(三种类型):fraudulentmisrepresentation(欺诈性)--the representor made a falsestatement(Remedies:damages); innocent misrepresentation(无意的)--therepresentor did not know the statement was false and was not recklesslyindifferent about its truthfulness(Remedy:avoidance of the contract); negligentmisrepresentation(过失的)--the representor makes a false statement innocentlybut carelessly(Remedy:damages);20.Mistakes(误解):(under common law) mean a misunderstanding betweenparties about a fact to the contract.(Under common law,there three types ofmistakes:commonmistake;mutualmistake;unilateral mistake.)21.Mistakes: (under Civil Law) :“Error relating to the nature ofcontractedobject amounts to the cause for an invalid contract.”22.Mistakes:(under The UNIDROID PICC)as”an erroneous assumptionrelating to facts or to law existing when the contract was concluded.”23.Mistakes:(under China Contract Law)A party shall have the right torequest the people’s court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke thefollowing contract:(1)those concluded as a result of seriousmisunderstanding;(2)those that are obviously unfair at the time whenconcluding the contract.24.Serious misunderstanding:(1)misunderstanding to the nature ofcontract;(2)misunderstanding to the other party;(3)misunderstanding to thequality of the contracted object;(4)misunderstanding to the assortment of thecontracted object;(5)misunderstanding to the price and expenses.25.Fraud(欺诈):under Common law,the legal term is scienter.T o prove fraud,one must prove the other party: (1)Knowingly made with a)Know exactly thathis states was false;b)Know that he did not have a basis for thestatement;c)Without being confident that his statement was true. (2)Intent todeceive: can be inferred from the fact that the defendant knowingly made amisstatement of fact to a person who was likely to rely on it. Remedies:rescind the contract or affirming the contract and suing in tort for damagesresulting from the fraud.26.Duress(胁迫):(under common law)is wrongful coercion that induces aperson to enter or modify a contract.27.Elements to be established:(1) the contract was induced by an improperthreat;(2) the victim had no reasonable alternative but to enter the contract.28.Undue Influence(不正当影响):a party uses a position of influence topersuade the other party to enter a contract that provides the stronger partywith a direct or indirect benefit.29.Purpose of Undue Influence: to protect the old, the timid, and thephysically or mentally weak from those who gain their confidence and attemptto take advantage of them.30.Types of Undue Influence:1) the defendant occupied a legally recognizedposition of authority of influence(special relationships: parent and child; trusteeand beneficiary; doctor and patient; solicitor and client; guardian and ward;religious adviser and devotee);2) the defendant did not occupy a legallyrecognized.31.Unconscionable Conduct(不公平行为):A contract may be avoidable onthe grounds of unconscionable conduct.。

商法法律知识点大全随着经济的不断发展和商业活动的不断扩大，商法的重要性日益凸显。

商法作为一门法律学科，涉及到众多的法律知识点。

本文将为读者全面介绍一些商法法律知识点，帮助读者加深对商法的理解。

一、商法基本概念商法，全称为《中华人民共和国商法》，是指国家对商事活动所做的规范性法律。

商事活动包括各种商业行为，如商品的生产、流通、交易等。

商法的核心目标是维护公平竞争、保护消费者权益和监管市场秩序，以促进经济的健康发展。

二、商事主体与经营者商事主体是指可以独立享受民事权利和承担民事义务的主体，包括自然人、法人和其他组织。

经营者是指从事经营活动并从中谋取利润的自然人、法人或者其他组织。

在商法中，经营者的行为受到一定的限制和规范，既要遵守商法相关规定，也要遵守其他相关法律法规。

三、合同法合同是商法中最基本的法律制度之一。

合同法规定了合同的成立、履行、变更、转让和解除等事项。

在商业活动中，合同起着约束各方行为和保护各方权益的重要作用。

商人在签订合同时应当注意相关法律责任和违约的后果。

四、公司法公司是指由股东出资组建、以营利为目的、依法设立的经济组织。

公司法是商法中的重要组成部分。

公司法规定了公司的设立、组织形式、经营管理、股东权益等各个方面的内容。

公司法的出台对于规范企业行为、保护股东利益、促进企业发展具有重要意义。

五、商标法商标是企业在市场竞争中的重要标识，商标法主要目的是保护商标权益和消费者权益。

商标法规定了商标的注册、保护、使用和侵权处理等事项。

商标的注册具有地域保护原则，即在哪个地区注册的商标，就在该地区享有相关权益。

六、消费者权益保护法消费者权益保护法是保障消费者权益的重要法律。

该法对商品和服务的质量和安全、价格欺诈、虚假宣传等问题做出了具体规定。

消费者可以通过该法律维护自己的权益，追究商家的不当行为。

这也对商家加强自律和提升服务质量提出了要求。

七、知识产权法知识产权是指人们在创造和创新过程中所形成的具有经济价值的知识成果及其所带来的法律权益。

2007-2008学年第一学期《商法(一)》（302020014）期末考试试题（A卷）本试卷满分80分，占课程总成绩的80%；平时成绩占总成绩的20%。

答题要求：1．请将所有答案统一写在答题纸上，不按要求答题的，责任考生自负。

2．答题纸与试卷一同交回，否则酌情扣分。

试题一：判断下列题项是否正确（本部分共10题，每题1分，共10分）（请根据你的选择，在题目后面的括号内填写“对”或“错”。

）1、商事能力是行为能力与权利能力的统一，因此我国的公司不存在具有商事权利能力而没有商事行为能力的情形。

2、我国参加和承认的关于公司法律制度的国际条约，属于公司法的范畴。

（）3、劳务可以作为合伙企业的出资形式，但要经全体合伙人一致同意。

（）4、英国商法一直以来都以商事习惯法和判例为主要渊源。

（）5、上市公司收购实质上就是股份收购，与有限责任公司股份收购的条件相等。

（）6、公司是由各投资者的投资所构成的财产综合体，具有独立承担民事责任的属性。

（）7、依照公司法的规定设立的一人公司，不得在其名称中缺少标明单个股东的字样。

（）场竞争的需要。

（）8、公司以其登记所在地为公司的住所。

（）公司登记法人资格。

（）9、根据股东创立大会的决议或者发起人会议的决议，可以以投资者的投资合同代替公司章程，并以此规定公司的民事权利义务。

（）10、公司由股东投资成立，因此股东对公司财产享有所有权。

试题二：多项选择题（本部分共8题，每题2分，共16分，少选或者多选均不得分）（在A、B、C、D四个答案中，选择正确答案，并将相应的字母填在括号中。

）1、甲股份有限公司注册资本为8000万元。

公司现有法定公积金3200万元，任意公积金1600万元，现该公司拟以公积金2800万元转为公司资本，进行增资派股。

为此，董事会提出以下几种建议，其中哪些意见不符合我国公司法的规定：（）（）（）（）A.将法定公积金1400万元，任意公积金1400万元转为公司资本。

B.将法定公积金2000万元，任意公积金800万元转为公司资本。