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2018年12月1日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月1日（周六）
二、考试概述：
第一篇Homeopathy，替代治疗法。
主要讲述了替代医学中的治疗方法，可参考剑四第二套第二篇Alternative medicine in Australia和剑六第三套第三篇The search for the anti-aging pill。
第二篇The history of motor car，汽车发展史。
发明发展史文章可参考剑八第一套第一篇A chronicle of timekeeping和剑六第三套第一篇The power of the big screen。
第三篇Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵。
可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological control of pests。
三、文章简介
第一篇Homeopathy，替代治疗法
第二篇The history of motor car，汽车发展史
第三篇Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵
四、篇章分析：。
9月8In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Nowadays people always throw old things away. What causes this problem? What effects does the phenomenon lead to? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.8月25For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people say that children should go to school as young as possible, while others believe that children should go to school of at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.8月18In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?Some people think schools should stop teaching students by using books, because students find them boring and that children can learn from films, TV, video games and computer instead. To what extent do you agree?8月11Some animals have came to extinction. There is no reason of protecting them. Do you agree or disagree?Nowadays a large amount of advertising aiming at children should be banned because of thenegative effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7月28Some people think that news media have become much more influential in people’s lives today and that this is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. To what extent do youagree or disagree?7月21In some countries, students studying in university live with their family, whereas in others countries,students choose to study in another city. Do you think the benefits outweigh the disadvantages? Some businesses find that when new employees join them after finishing their education, they lackbasic interpersonal skills such as the ability to work with their colleagues as part of a team. What doyou think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?(问题类)7月7Students in school or university learn more from classes of teachers than other resources(e.g. Internet or TV), do you agree or disagree?People have different views on how to reduce traffic congestion. Some think that governments should build more train and subway lines, while others think that building more and wider roads will reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.6月30Large shopping centers and supermarkets become more popular than small market. Do you think this development is positive or negative?An increasing number of people are changing their career during their working time. What causes this trend and is it a positive or negative development?6月23Some people think the lifestyles changing rapidly has affecting their family relationships. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Give your opinion.More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?6月2Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people today prefer to socializing online to spending time with friends in local community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?5月19Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals is increasing the gap between the rich people and the poor people. Others think this has an opposite effect. Discuss both view and give your own opinion.。
2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月8日（周六）
二、考试概述：
第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题。
可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological Control of pests和剑十第四套第三篇When evolution runs backwards。
第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明。
可参考剑八第一套第一篇A chronicle of timekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。
第三篇Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。
可参考剑六第四套第二篇Do literate women make better mothers和剑五第三套第一篇Early Childhood Education。
三、文章简介
第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题
第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明
第三篇 Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同
四、篇章分析：
雅思考试机经。
2018年12月雅思大作文合集（上）本期大作文供稿：章跃我们先看☟☟☟12月8日真题（写作细节）：Some people believe that schools should choose their students according to their abilities. Others think that students with different abilities should learn together.Discuss both of the views and give your opinion.【Introduction】There have been proposals that students should be divided and grouped according to their abilities, including how capable they are respectively. 前一句话把信息交待清楚完善，后一句话就依托前一句话所建立起来的语境写个短句【写作法：语句间的配合】 There has meanwhile been opposition. If I had to take one side, I would choose the former. 喜欢套话么？这一句就是。
【以Body部分的一个Paragraph为例，分解写作如下】First, the divided admission is favorable to both teaching and learning, and the one-group arrangement may be unfavorable. 中心句之后，讨论“为什么”/“怎么样”Onecircumstance is when students’ scholastic aptitudes are at the same high level, there is no waiting for the slow-movers, whose response can take forever, and the progress of teaching is smooth. 语法/句法：长难句：主句的表语部分是个名词性从句，名词行从句又由状语从句和复合句组成 By contrast, in a classroom where students’ abilities vary, 语法/句法：换用介词短语的状语形式，不同于上一句的when引到的状语从句 teachers need to do the juggling and may still be too fast or too slow for certain students, under which circumstance 语法/句法：主句的内容再作为从句的状语信息 the flow of teaching is never appropriate. 写作法：两个长难/信息丰富句后跟短句Meanwhile, this mode of division also benefits students. 写作法：总述的句子比较短，信息较少，“为什么”/“怎么样”的句子较长信息较多 When students at the same level learn together, they learn at the synchronized pace. Moving at the same pace, 写作法：通过“重复”（但是在表述上替换）来建立语句间的联系 the whole class learn with efficiency and effectiveness. They are not stalled by the slow learners or need to catch up with the high-achievers.【Body部分的另一个Paragraph略】【Conclusion略】我们然后看☟☟☟12月1日真题（语句间的“长长短短”——长短搭配）：Some people argue that the spending of money on the development of technology of space exploration is not justifiable. They believe that the money should be spent on other things.这一句也是讨论的核心，不要不讨论；同时，题目暗示了比较关系：space exploration vs. other things To what extentdo you agree or disagree?【Introduction】Developing space technologies, such as satellites, space shuttles, and space stations, is worth the money.前一句话把信息交待清楚完善，后一句话就依托前一句话所建立起来的语境写个短句【写作法：语句间的配合】No matter what the sum写作法：通过“重复”（但是在表述上替换）来建立语句间的联系 is, it should not be spent elsewhere.【Body部分的第一个Paragraph，讨论作者立场的反面】*Admittedly, a government budget is divided, and every sector deserves their fair shares. 中句* In other words, those other undertakings definitely matter, and the investment is necessary. 中句* However, it would be unfair if they took more than the fair amounts. 短句* Compared with other tasks, which serve to improve people’s life quality, keeping a nation affluent, healthy, and civilized, space exploration matters to the survival of the entire humanity, an issue more critical than life quality. 长句* Humans probe the surroundings of our mother planet and travel further to study stars that interact with the Earth to see whether we are in a safe environment. 长句【Body部分的另一个Paragraph，讨论作者的立场】* Meanwhile, space projects are to search outer space for other planets and useful matters. 中句* This makes perfect sense. 短句* Humans, one day, in the distant or foreseeable future, will have to migrate to another planet, and the search for another habitable planet is necessary. 长句* Some matters may be found exclusively in space andessential for many studies conducted on the Earth. 长句* If the funding were pulled and humans were therefore caged in our little world, how would humans be able to make even a marginal breakthrough in the many other fields where research has been stagnant despite the billions of dollars of input? 长句* The breakthrough will happen in no way.短句【Conclusion略】。
2018年专八试卷核对试卷一2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps：作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好”！1.formal innovation2.rapport3.attending section4.writing long papers5.high numbers6.being filmedparable questions8.a natural order9.figure out10.sensitive11.repeating12.integrate into13.logical or natural14.editing15.fundamental elements听力：1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2.[A] he's made up his mind to change some of his passwords.3. intruders are patient enough to compute.4.[D] The US takes up the leading edge of technology.5.[A] Why not to write down passwords on notebooks6.[D] the development of genetic tests is out of people's expectation.7.[C] misgiving.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9.[D] Alienated.10. strengthen its supervision within limits.阅读：11.[C] they are lacking in skills required by certain jobs.12.[A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain.13. the frailties of human nature.14.[D] appearance.15.[C] the pursuit of economic benefit16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available then.19.[A] Dominant.20.[D] was in agreement with.21.[C] frowns upon22.[A] benefited from the opposition party's bill.23.[D] John McCain supports the bill due to his political standpoint.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25.Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26.The analogy rests on the market economy。
2018雅思考试阅读精选材料整理（5）Celebrity Endorsements：An Examination of Gender and Consumers’ AttitudesCelebrity endorsements have long been used as a source of marketing messages to promote a wide variety of products and services. Companies have been spending huge amounts of money to have athletes and other celebrities endorse both sports and non-sports products. Celebrity images can be found in print，radio，and approximately 20 percent of all television commercials (Boyd and Shank 2004). Within a relatively short time，the amount of money spent on athletes in advertising has skyrocketed. In 1986，companies paid approximately $100 million for endorsements，licensing rights，and advertising (Peetz，Parks，and Spencer 2004). Ten years later，that amount had risen to more than $1 billion，as athlete endorsement expenditures have hovered around $1 billion dollars annually for the past ten years (Peetz，Parks，and Spencer 2004).The actions of athletic products manufacturer Nike underscores the nature of spending on athlete endorsements. During an eight-month period in 2004，Nike invested $192 million inendorsement deals with National Basketball Association (NBA) rookies Lebron James ($90 million) and Carmello Anthony ($15 million); NBA star Kobe Bryant ($45 million); tennis star Serena Williams ($40 million); 14-year old U.S. soccer talent Freddy Adu ($1 million); and Canadian world champion hurdler Perdita Felicien ($1 million). These were deals within an eight-month timeframe and did not take into account existing deals with golfer Tiger Woods，National Football League player Michael Vick (currently serving a prison sentence and suspended by the NFL)，Major League Baseball’s Derek Jeter，track’s Marion Jones (another athlete who recently admitted to drug use and had her 2000 Olympic medals stripped)，and soccer’s Mia Hamm (Thomaselli 2004).As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising，much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples，see Bailey 2007; Biswas，Biswas，and Das 2006; Thomson 2006). The studies have explored a number of issues related to such factors as the relative effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in advertising，the factors that impact consumer response to celebrity endorsers，and，more recently，the consequences of negative information or publicity surrounding a celebrity endorser (for example，Bailey2007; Louie and Obermiller 2002; Silvera and Austad 2004; Till and Shimp 1998). The introductory quote from Peetz，Parks，and Spencer (2004) encapsulates the reasons that marketers have been using celebrities as endorsers，while Jones and Schumann (2000) underscore that there is a high price tag attached to this endeavor.Although the use of athletes as endorsers and the amount of money spent on these endorsers is increasing，there still remains much to be learned about how consumers perceive athlete endorsers and the variables that influence endorser effectiveness. More specifically，we know little about the impact of gender-both gender of the consumer and gender of the endorser-on consumers’ attitudes and perceptions. The study seeks to determine whether the gender of the consumer who is exposed to a celebrity endorsement will impact how that consumer views a male or female celebrity endorser. The paper is organized as follows：First，background information on celebrity endorsement is presented and testable hypotheses are developed. We then provide details of an experimental study that was undertaken to test these hypotheses. The results of the experiment are presented and these findings are discussed. Finally，the study’s limitations are highlighted and avenues for future research are suggested.。
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年12月08日的雅思大作文201X年12月08日曾经有过雅思考试，为此小编为大家带来201X年12月08日的雅思考试的大作文回顾。
201X年雅思大作文回顾(201X.12.8) Some people believe that the aim of university education is to help graduates find better jobs while some othershold that there are wider benefits for the individual and the society. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.201X年上半年雅思大作文回顾(201X.1.6)Nowadays, people are changing their jobs rapidly, and many think they can’t depend on the same job for life. Discuss the reasons for the phenomenonand make some suggestions.(201X.1.13) Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career, others think the true function of university is to give access to knowledge that students are interested in. What is your opinion of the main function of university?(201X.1.20)Some people say that governments should pay for the health care and education but other people say that it is not the governments' responsibility. Discuss the both viewpoints and giveyour opinion.(201X.2.3) Some people think that individuals are not ableimprove the environment, only government and companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agreeor disagree?(201X.2.10) Some people think that maintaining public librariesis waste of time because computer technologies have already replaced its function. Do you agree or disagree?(201X.3.3)Some people think schools should select pupils according to their academic ability, and others believe pupils with different abilities should be educated together. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Use an example to support your idea.(201X.3.10) With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappearcompletely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(201X.3.31)Nowadays, people perform their everyday tasks, such as banking, shopping as well as business transactions, without the need of meeting other people face to face. What are the possible effects of the phenomenon on the individual and the society as a whole?(201X.4.14)Some people believe that advertisements should be banned since they serve no useful purpose and can even be damaging. To what extentdo you agree or disagree?(201X.4.21) Nowadays, customers are facing increasing advertisements with the competitionof different companies. To what extent do you think customers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect the customers? (新题/分析建议类)(201X.5.12) Some people believe that some unpaid community service should be a compulsorypart of high school programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (旧题/教育类)(201X.5.19) Nowadays, computers are used more and more widely in the field of education. In which areas are computers more important and in which areas are teachers more important?(全新题、教育类)(201X.6.2)Today, more and more developing countries are expanding tourist industry. Why is it the case? Do you regard it as positive or negative? (半新题/社会现象类)(201X.6.16) In many countries traditionalfoods are being replaced by international fast foods. Some people think that there are negative effects on both families and the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (半新题/社会现象类)雅思大作文的结尾段技巧招式一：回答问题answer thequestionE.g. When a country develops its technology; the traditionalskills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good, I thinkit is by no means ‘ pointless’, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology. We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friendand support our way of life.这个结尾段落明确地提出了自己的观点，不是所有的科技都是好的，但是科技也不是完全没有用处的。
2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析Section A（空气污染篇）millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。
9月8In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Nowadays people always throw old things away. What causes this problem? What effects does the phenomenon lead to? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.8月25For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people say that children should go to school as young as possible, while others believe that children should go to school of at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.8月18In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?Some people think schools should stop teaching students by using books, because students find them boring and that children can learn from films, TV, video games and computer instead. To what extent do you agree?8月11Some animals have came to extinction. There is no reason of protecting them. Do you agree or disagree?Nowadays a large amount of advertising aiming at children should be banned because of thenegative effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7月28Some people think that news media have become much more influential in people’s lives today and that this is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7月21In some countries, students studying in university live with their family, whereas in others countries, students choose to study in another city. Do you think the benefits outweigh the disadvantages? Some businesses find that when new employees join them after finishing their education, they lackbasic interpersonal skills such as the ability to work with their colleagues as part of a team. What do you think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?(问题类)7月7Students in school or university learn more from classes of teachers than other resources(e.g. Internet or TV), do you agree or disagree?People have different views on how to reduce traffic congestion. Some think that governments should build more train and subway lines, while others think that building more and wider roads will reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.6月30Large shopping centers and supermarkets become more popular than small market. Do you think this development is positive or negative?An increasing number of people are changing their career during their working time. What causes this trend and is it a positive or negative development?6月23Some people think the lifestyles changing rapidly has affecting their family relationships. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Give your opinion.More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?6月2Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people today prefer to socializing online to spending time with friends in local community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?5月19Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals is increasing the gap between the rich people and the poor people. Others think this has an opposite effect. Discuss both view and give your own opinion.赠送以下资料考试知识点技巧大全一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。
2018年12月8日托福阅读真题整理
托福考试中，阅读是非常重要的一部分，在准备考试的时候，需要大家着重研究真题。
那么接下来就和看看2018年12月8日托福阅读真题整理。
12月8日的托福考试已经结束了，小编也为大家第一时间更新了考后的回忆。
对于还在准备托福考试的同学来说，这些内容，都是同学们最好的复习资料。
具体的阅读的考题内容如下：
1.恐龙是温血动物的证据
2.饮食结构中植物
Mycenaean Collapse
4.19th railroads in us
ing challenges of great bastuard
megafauna的灭绝，人类狩猎和气候变化哪一个是导致大型动物灭绝的原因（fauna Extinctions in Ancient Australia）
7.18世纪欧洲的发展（先是繁荣然后出现了通货膨胀的危机）
8.巨石阵是怎么被建造的
9.北欧国家要给古董分类，分是哪个age的，stone，iron等。
2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾一、考试时间：2018年12月8日（周六）二、考试概述：第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题。
可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological Control of pests和剑十第四套第三篇When evolution runs backwards。
第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明。
可参考剑八第一套第一篇 A chronicle of timekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。
第三篇Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。
可参考剑六第四套第二篇Do literate women make better mothers和剑五第三套第一篇Early Childhood Education。
三、文章简介第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明第三篇 Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同四、篇章分析：Passage 1文章内容澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根，为了解决的这种问题，澳大利亚从北美引入cane toad, 但事实证明cane toad的引入却是一种失败，并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。
填空题7，判断题 6题型分布与答案参考答案回忆待补充相关拓展The rapid spread of Australia's cane toad pestsThey are toxic invaders that have conquered swathes of northernAustralia as they continue their seemingly irrepressible march westtowards the Indian Ocean.Packed with poison and supremely adaptable, the dreaded cane toad, orBufo marinus, has few friends in Australia, where a massive scientific andcommunity effort has failed to stop their advance."They probably have moved about halfway through that tropical regionof Western Australia," explained Rick Shine, a professor in biology at the University of Sydney. "They are in very inaccessible country now in the Kimberley. It is very hard to get detailed information on exactly where the front is but it seems to be moving at 50 to 60km (31 to 37 miles) per annum."The warty amphibians move only during the wet season. Although tracking studies have shown many hop less than 10 metres a day, those atthe front line have grown bigger and faster."The guys at the invasion front up in the tropics are moving often kilometres in a single night and they have evolved this very distinctive behaviour," Prof Shine told the BBC."They've actually evolved differences in shape and physiology as well. Essentially they have turned into these dispersal machines and they moveas far as they can, as fast as they can." Experts are reluctant to speculateon how many of these unwelcome pests have been unleashed across Australia's north. They are prolific breeders - some estimates put the figure at around 1.5 billion - but it is impossible to know for sure.Australia has a long and depressing history of inadvertently introducingwrecking ball species as pets and livestock, or for sport. Examples include foxes, pigs and rabbits, goats, camels and cats. Invasive plants and fish have also had a dramatic effect on native flora and fauna, but it is the cane toad that is widely reviled above all else.How did they arrive?For Australia, the grim story began in the sugar cane plantations of Puerto Rico, which had imported giant toads from South America to eatthe grubs that were devouring the crop.Word spread of the successes of these bug-catching amphibians and by the 1930s, the cane toads were being sent around the world. In 1935, 101toads arrived in Far North Queensland in areas including Cairns and Innisfail, before being bred in captivity. Their progeny was released on missions to hunt and kill cane-destroying beetles on Australia's north-eastcoast.have snared countless numbers over the Community toad “musters”years. In 2005 David Tollner, a former federal MP, famously urged Northern Territory residents to help squash the problem with their golfclubs and cricket bats - effectively turning eradication into sport.Then there was the so-called "bottom-line" defence supported by the RSPCA in Darwin, which recommended killing captured amphibians bysmearing them with haemorrhoid cream, which acted as an anaesthetic.In 2009, toads crossed the Western Australian border with the Northern Territory, more than 2,000km from the site of their original release 74 years earlier.It was a dark day that conservationists had both dreaded and seen coming. The invasion penetrated the Kimberley region, an area three times the size of England and regarded as a wilderness frontier. "Sadly,the Kimberley has lost the battle to the cane toad. They have invaded close to 70% of the Kimberley, so the toads are well and truly on their way to the northern coastal areas," said Lee Scott-Virtue, the president of Kimberley Toadbusters, a group she set up in 2004."It has been a really disturbing lesson. The problem is they are adaptingto dry, desert conditions. They are adjusting to very cold climates and they are actually starting to breed in saline water."Most recent discoveryOn Wednesday, wildlife rangers revealed a cane toad was found beside aroad near Mount Kosciuszko in southern New South Wales. Authoritiessuspect it was carried in by a tourist, and have not found other evidenceof the species there. Nonetheless, they are concerned. "There are certainlyenvironment and times of the year when such an animal could persist(survive)," Dave Woods, a state wildlife officer, told the AustralianBroadcasting Corp. He said toads could provide a fresh threat toendangered species in the area, a national park.The toads are devourers of insects and other small prey, but they are attheir most destructive when they are eaten by larger predators, such assnakes, goannas and freshwater crocodiles. A large gland on the toad'sshoulder is loaded with deadly cardiac toxins.In an unusual move, researchers are trying to train predators to avoidlarger cane toads by feeding them smaller specimens, which make themill but should not kill them. These so-called taste-aversion strategiesinclude feeding sausages made of minced amphibian to northern quolls, acarnivorous marsupial. They eat the meat, which causes vomiting, in thehope it will put them off eating toads again. A large-scale trial is due tostart in Western Australia soon. Corrin Everitt, from the state'sDepartment of Parks and Wildlife, told the BBC that while the projectcould ensure fewer large predators were lost, it would not halt theinvasion. "At the moment we're predicting the toads to take at least fiveyears to reach the Broome area," she said. "They are an amazing animalwhen you take away all the ugliness about them. You just wish that ournative species could be as adaptable and successful in colonising areas asthey are."Passage 2：文章内容讲述Mr. Flynn偶然间发明的一种water filter,不仅便宜好用，而且还讲述了water filter的制作过程。
