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简略【2 】句的五种根本句型讲授及习题一.句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等. 次序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的地位要依据情形而定.1.主语：表示句子重要解释的人或事物,一般位于句首.但在there be构造.疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语.助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词.代词.数词.不定式.动名词.名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作情势主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语：谓语解释主语的动作,状况或特点.可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.1)简略谓语： We study forthepeople.2)复合谓语： I canspeak alittleEnglish. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..3.表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,解释主语身份,特点,属性或状况.Mysisteris anurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4.宾语: 宾语表示动作行动的对象,跟在及物动词之后,Welike English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.Hegave mesomeink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还须要有一个补足语,意思才完全,宾语和它的补足语组成复合宾语.如：Wemake himourmonito r(班长).5.宾补: 就是宾语补足语,就是补充解释宾语的 I see you crossing the streetHis father named him David.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新颖的） air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（如今分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）6.定语: 在句中润饰名词或代词的成分叫定语. Heis anew student.但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被润饰的词之后.Thebike intheroom/over there/ismine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing（成长中） country; America is a developed（蓬勃） country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His progress（提高）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章)about how to learn English.（介词短语）7.状语: 润饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.状语一般放在被润饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被润饰的词前或句首. Helives inLondon.Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时光状语）Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（前提状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方法状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目标状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（成果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（妥协状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. Hewantsto finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there,reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（留意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简略句的五种根本句型英语句子看上去纷纷复杂,但细心不雅察不外乎五个根本句式.这五个根本句式可以演化出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多半英语句子都是由这五个根本句式生成的.这五个根本句式如下：S十V主谓构造主语＋不及物动词S十V十P主系表构造主语＋连络动词＋表语S十V十O主谓宾构造主语＋及物动词＋宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾构造S十V十O十C主谓宾补构造断定类型和句子成分：She came． She likes English. She is happy．The teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave John a book． My head aches.She makes her mother angry． The sun was shining. The moon rose.They talkedfor half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.The dinner smells good. 午餐的气息很好.Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了.He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.His face turned red. 他的脸红了.Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他爱好看书.I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶.He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress. 她给本身定了一套新衣裳.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔.I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车.He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机械.What makes him think so? 他怎么会如许想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名有名的大夫.The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃.根本句型一：S十V主谓构造这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如：学生们进修很尽力._____________________________________根本句型二: S十V十P主系表构造常见的系动词有：be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(觉得), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A.表示状况的连络动词.这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等.1) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时刻都应当保持安静.2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕._________________________________________________.B.表示改变或成果的系动词.这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等.如：1) Spring comes. It is ______________________________.春天到了,气象变得越来越温暖.2) Don't have the food. _______________________________.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了.根本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾构造1)我昨天看了一部片子.________________________________________________.2）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好.根本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”构造间接宾语前须要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等.间接宾语前须要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(吹奏), sing,等.1）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as abirthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为诞辰礼品.2) The old man ___ ____________ __________ _________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词＋直接宾语＋for/ to sb.3) Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下.4) I _______ _______the salt. = I _______the salt _____ _____. 我把书递给他.根本句型五: S十V十O十C主谓宾补构造此句型的句子的配合特色是：动词固然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完全的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语.call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发明）, make, name(定名)1）Keep ________________________________, please.请让孩子们安静下来.2）They painted ______ ______ ________. 他们把门漆成绿色.3) We must ______ ______ ________ ______. 我们必须保持我们的黉舍洁.4) He asked me _______ ________ ________ soon. 他要我早点回来.5）我们发明他是一个懒散的人.______________________________________________.留意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时,不带to.如：6）The boss ________ _______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动) 7) We saw _____ ____ _____. (他出去).考点冲破练习1. I am sorry to have kept you______ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2. I felt somebody ______ me. A touch B touched C to touch D touches3. He taught me _____ speak English. A how should B how C how can I D how to4. I shall make your dream ______. A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5. He told _____ home. A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6. I think _____ a good habit to get up early. A this B it C that D its7. Roses in bloom smell ______. A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness8. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wetand cold9. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet10. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter11. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we12. I think _____necessary（必要的） to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is13. The dog ____ mad（疯的）.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked断定下列句子是简略句.并列句照样复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.。
2021年12月20日星期一多云文档名称：《（完整）_简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题》文档作者：凯帆创作时间：2021.12.2s0简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语，表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语,宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定.1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：My sister is a teacher。
（名词)我的姐姐是老师。
We often speak English in class.（代词）我们经常在课上讲英语。
One—third of the students in this class are girls。
（数词)这个班三分之一的学生是女生。
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
1)简单谓语：she works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。
（动作)2）复合谓语: I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语.We are reading books. 我们正在读书。
He has gone to Beijing。
他已经去北京了。
3、表语: 它位于系动词（比如be）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态.My sister is a teacher.（我的姐姐是老师.)The weather has turned cold。
（天气已经变冷了。
）系动词：是用来帮助说明主语的动词,不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语，如：be, become, turn，look，go等.4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。
We like English。
我喜欢英语。
They helped the old with their housework yesterday。
英语简单句的五个基本句型英语五个基本句型句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分：1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～）我们在一中学习。
The classroom is very clean.（讲述“什么”很干净）这间教室很干净。
Three were absent.（数词作主语）三个人缺席。
To teach them English is my job.（不定式作主语）教他们英语是我的工作。
注意不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English.（真正的主语是to teach them English.）2 谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）他的父母亲是医生。
She looks well.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）她看起来气色（面色）很好。
We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）我们努力学习。
We have finished reading the book.（助动词和实义动词一起作谓语）我们已经看完了这本书。
He can speak English.（情态动词和实义动词作谓语）他会说英语。
3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before.（形容词作表语）你看起来比以前年轻。
I am a teacher.（名词作表语）我是个老师。
Everybody is here.（副词作表语）所有的人都出席了。
They are at home now.（介词短语作表语）他们现在在家。
My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语）我的工作是教他们英语。
4 宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
（直接宾语、间接宾语详见后面五种基本句型）。
She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）她正在弹钢琴。
He often helps me.（代词作宾语）他常常帮助我。
He likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作宾语）他喜欢在露天睡觉。
We enjoy living in China.（动名词作宾语）我们高兴住在中国。
5状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。
（详见副词）He did it carefully.（副词作状语）他仔细、认真地做这项工作。
Without his help，we couldn't work it out.（介词短语作状语）如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能解决这个问题。
（In order） to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.（不定式作目的状语）为了赶上我的同学，我必须努力学习。
6 定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。
因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
The black bike is mine . （形容词作定语）I have something to do . （不定式作定语）英语五个基本句式从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(状语）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）I'll go swimming.2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clauseI don't think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）We are Chinese.除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。
3)表延续的动词remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接宾） + D O（直接宾）I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,want, wash, wipe, wish等。
