电子元器件应用-Agilent E4980A精密LCR表20Hz至2MHz--阻抗测量的新标准

海底石油管道金属探测器设计及应用分析发布时间：2022-07-07T01:23:12.704Z 来源：《科学与技术》2022年3月第5期作者：苏方波谢培刘帅[导读] 我国海洋资源较为丰富苏方波谢培刘帅杭州丰禾石油科技有限公司摘要:我国海洋资源较为丰富，再过去受限于技术条件，无法对海洋资源进行有效利用，而目前社会发展突飞猛进，带动着各项技术的更新，使海洋资源开发具备了可能性。

海底石油管道承担着石油的输送任务，但海底工作环境恶劣，为避免发生被海水侵蚀发生泄漏问题，做好海底石油管道的侵蚀检测是关键。

关键词:海底石油管道；金属探测器；前言:现如今日均消耗的能源数量巨大，而新能源所产生的能源有限，无法满足现时的需求，在能源使用面临困境，还要保护生态环境不能过度开采的情况下，海洋资源成为了能源供应的另一出路，各项石油开采技术的发展，海底石油开采量越来越丰富，而长时间的开采作业带来了新的问题，海水对石油输送管道有较高的侵蚀性，而石油管道作为运输的主要设施，影响着海底石油开采、运输及生态保护。

1.海底石油管道的重要性海底石油管道终日浸泡在海水中，工作环境恶劣，盐度、洋流及开采施工作业都会对管道产生影响，以便使得管道极易出现问题，因管道断裂、遭腐蚀泄露的案例并不少见，石油能源大量被浪费，经济遭受打击，同时泄露区域及周边环境被污染。

海底石油管道发生泄漏，比陆地管道泄露造成的危害要大很多，并且难以处理，因此海底管道检测对于排除管道安全隐患，确保管道安全有极大的意义。

2.金属探测器的设计金属探测器的设计与常规的线圈设计结构相同，在电路设计与功能上略有不同。

发射极有两个部分，即振荡器与发射线圈，接收极由接收线圈、相位检测电路与PIC微处理器构成。

PIC微处理器连接LCD显示器。

发射频率在55KHz上，接收线圈与发射极存在于同个铜芯线圈上。

发射极在外端，而接收极与振幅相位检测装置由一系列简单的无源滤波器、放大器、逻辑门构成。

•Control ECal directly from the PNA or ENA •300 kHz to 26.5 GHz module •10 MHz to 67 GHz module •Nine connector types available•Ideal calibration technique for manufacturing •Mixed-connectors available(Type-N 50 ohm, 3.5 mm and 7-16)Agilent Electronic Calibration (ECal) Modules for Vector Network AnalyzersN4690 Series, 2-port Microwave ECal 85090 Series, 2-port RF ECal N4430 Series, 4-port ECalTechnical Overview198125. ENA series consists of E5070/1.6. ENA-L series consists of E5061/2.7.N3381/2/3 have been discontinued.8. PNA-L series consists of N5230.ECal and Agilent Network Analyzer ConfigurationsPNA and ENA SeriesECal modules are controlled directly from the PNA and ENA Series network analyzers. No external PC is required. Simply connect the ECal module to the USB port on the network analyz-er. You can control your calibra-tion from the front panel keys of the PNA Series or automatically by your user program.Calibration configuration using the PNA series3Perform adapter removal calibrations fasterSome analyzers, such as later versions of the 8753 and 8720, offer adapter removal calibration for non-insertable and mixed connector measurement capabil-ity. Since this method requires two full two-port calibrations, it is often time consuming and prone to operator errors. Using ECal to perform the two-port calibrations addresses both of these concerns by reducing the calibration time and the number of connections, simplifying the overall adapter removal process.Perform a User-characterization Normally, when you perform a calibration with an ECal module, the error terms for a calibration are computed using the factory characterization (data) stored in the module. User-characteriza-tion allows you to change the characterization of the module in two ways:• Change the connector configuration: allows you to add an adapter or fixture to the test port of the module and embed the effects into the characterization of the module. The result of the new characterization extends the reference plane from one or more of the module’s test ports to those on the adapter (or fixture).• Modify the state settings: allows you to specify the number of data points (1601 maximum) or other stimulus settings the module uses to perform a cali-bration.When you perform a user-charac-terization, the factory characteri-zation data remains stored in the module’s memory. At calibration, you can select the factory characterization or any of the user-defined characterizations stored in the module. The module can store up to five user-defined characterizations (in addition to the factory characterization data). User-characterization is available with PNA and ENA Series Network Analyzers.41. If the maximum input power is exceeded when calibrating, compression may occur.2. When using the PNA-X, the power level can be increased after calibration with minimal impact on measurement accuracy.3. When mated with male connectors with a 0.77 mm (0.030 in) to 0.86 mm (0.034 in) pin diameter51. When applied power exceeds +9 dBm, calibration results will be degraded from the performance indicated in the table.2. When applied power exceeds –5 dBm, calibration results will be degraded from the performance indicated in the table.3. 3.5 mm modules have precision slotless connectors that guarantee the best calibration accuracy is transferred to your system.61.When applied power exceeds +9 dBm, calibration results will be degraded from the performance indicated in the table.2. When applied power exceeds –5 dBm, calibration results will be degraded from the performance indicated in the table.73. Performance from 9 kHz to 300 kHz is valid only for the E5071C ENA network analyzer with firmware version A.09.10 or higher.4. 9 to 13.5 GHz range not vaild for the N4431A81. When applied power exceeds –7 dBm, calibration results will be degraded from the performance indicated in this table.2. Values based on using the PNA Network Analyzer N5230A Option 240 or 245910Ordering informationSelect an ECal module based on the connector type required and the frequency range of your vector network analyzer (refer to table below).OptionsOption Description00F Replace f-m connectors on ECal module(s) with f-f connectors 00M Replace f-m connectors on ECal module(s) with m-m connectors00A Adds male-to-male and female-to-female adapters (also adds a 5/16” 90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench to 3.5 mm modules)1A7ISO 17025 compliant calibration A6J ANSI Z540 compliant calibrationUK6Commercial calibration certificate with measured data M0F f-m connectors on ECal module(s)010Four female, 3.5 mm connectors 020Four female, Type-N 50 ohm connectorsECal modules and available options2-portConnector Frequency range ECal module Available options Type model number Type-F300 kHz to 3 GHz85099C 00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, M0FType-N 300 kHz to 9 GHz 85092C00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F,50 ohms mixed-connectorsType-N 300 kHz to 18 GHz N4690B00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F 50 ohmsType-N 300 kHz to 3 GHz 85096C 00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, M0F75 ohms3.5 mm 300 kHz to 9 GHz85093C00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F mixed connectors3.5 mm 300 kHz to 26.5 GHz N4691B 00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F 7 mm 300 kHz to 9 GHz 85091C UK6, 1A7, A6J 7 mm 300 kHz to 18 GHz N4696BUK6, 1A7, A6J7-16 300 kHz to 7.5 GHz 85098C 00A, 00F, 00M, UK6, M0F, mixed-connectors 2.92 mm 10 MHz to 40 GHz N4692A 00A,00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F 2.4 mm 10 MHz to 50 GHz N4693A 00A,00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F 1.85 mm10 MHz to 67 GHzN4694A00A,00F, 00M, UK6, 1A7, A6J, M0F4-portConnector Frequency range ECal module Available options Type model number 3.5 mm or 9 kHz to 13.5 GHz N4431B010, 020, UK6, 1A7, A6J, mixed-connectorsType-N 50 ohms Type-N 300 kHz to 18 GHz N4432A 020, mixed-connectors 50 ohms 3.5 mm300 kHz to 20 GHzN4433A010Notes:1. Order the 85097B interface module if you will be using ECal with your 8719, 8720, 8722 or 8753. (Please reference the ECal and network analyzer/firmware compatibility table on page 3.) The 85097B con-sists of an interface module and a power supply.2.When using the N469x ECal prod-ucts with the 8720 or 8753 network analyzer families, an adapter cable (8121-1047) is needed. This adapter cable is orderable as an option with the 85097B.1.Performance from 9 kHz to 300 KHz is valid only for the E5071C ENA network analyzer with firmware version A.09.10 or higher.1111.Limits ECal module high frequency to 7.5 GHz.Remove all doubtOur repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you, performing like new, when prom-ised. You will get full value out of your Agilent equipment through-out its lifetime. Your equipment will be serviced by Agilent-trained technicians using the latest factory calibration procedures, automated repair diagnostics and genuine parts. You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements. For information regarding self maintenance of this product, please contact your Agilent office.Agilent offers a wide range of ad-ditional expert test and measure-ment services for your equipment, including initial start-up assistance, onsite education and training, as well as design, system integration, and project management.For more information on repair and calibration services, go to:/find/removealldoubt/find/emailupdatesGet the latest information on theproducts and applications you select./find/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your testequipment solutions with confidence./find/openAgilent Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test systems to help engineers design, validate and manufacture electronic products. Agilent offers open connectivity for a broad range of system-ready instruments, open industry software, PC-standard I/O and global support, which are combined to more easily integrate test system development.For more information on Agilent Technol-ogies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Agilent office. The complete list is available at:/find/contactus Americas Canada(877) 894-4414Latin America 305 269 7500United States (800) 829-4444Asia Pacific Australia 1 800 629 485China800 810 0189Hong Kong 800 938 693India 1 800 112 929Japan 0120 (421) 345Korea 080 769 0800Malaysia 1 800 888 848Singapore 180****8100Taiwan 0800 047 866Thailand1 800 226 008Europe & Middle East Austria 01 36027 71571Belgium 32 (0) 2 404 93 40 Denmark 45 70 13 15 15Finland 358 (0) 10 855 2100France 0825 010 700**0.125 €/minuteGermany ************Ireland 1890 924 204Israel 972-3-9288-504/544Italy 39 02 92 60 8484Netherlands 31 (0) 20 547 2111Spain 34 (91) 631 3300Sweden 0200-88 22 55Switzerland 0800 80 53 53United Kingdom 44 (0) 118 9276201Other European Countries:/find/contactusRevised: October 6, 2008© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2002-2009Printed in USA, February 3, 20095963-3743EWindows ®and Windows NT ®are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp.Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.Web ResourcesVisit our Web sites, for additional product information and literature.Electronic calibration (ECal):/find/ecalPNASeries network analyzers:/find/pnaTest and measurement accessories:/find/accessories。

Product Declassification and SecurityProduct Name: Precision LCR MeterModel Number(s): E4980APage 1 of 7E4980A Security FeaturesRev. 1.0E4980-90802 March 2006Copyright 2006 Agilent Technologies1981Contacting Agilent Sales and Service OfficesAssistance with test and measurements needs and information on finding a local Agilent office is available on the internet at, /find/assist. If you do not have access to the internet, please contact your field engineer.Note: In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the signal source analyzer by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the Agilent representative can determine whether your unit is still within its warranty period.Product Declassification and SecurityModel Number(s): E4980AProduct Name: Precision LCR MeterThis document describes instrument security features and the steps to declassify an instrument through memory sanitization or removal. For additional information please go to/find/ad and click on the security instrument tab.Table of ContentsTerms and Definitions (3)Instrument Memory (4)Memory Clearing, Sanitization and/or Removal (5)User and Remote Interface Security (6)Procedure for Declassifying a Faulty Instrument (7)Page 2 of 7Terms and DefinitionsDefinitions:Clearing – Clearing is the process of eradicating the data on media before reusing the media so that the data can no longer be retrieved using the standard interfaces on the instrument. Clearing is typically used when the instrument is to remain in an environment with an acceptable level of protection.Sanitization – Sanitization is the process of removing or eradicating stored data so that the data cannot be recovered using any known technology. Instrument sanitization is typically required when an instrument is moved from a secure to a non-secure environment such as when it is returned to the factory for calibration. (The instrument is declassified) Agilent memory sanitization procedures are designed for customers who need to meet the requirements specified by the US Defense Security Service (DSS). These requirements are outlined in the “Clearing and Sanitization Matrix” issued by the Cognizant Security Agency (CSA) and referenced in National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM) DoD 5220.22M ISL 01L-1 section 8-301.Security Erase – Refers to either the clearing or sanitization features of Agilent instruments.Instrument declassification – A term that refers to procedures that must be undertaken before an instrument can be removed from a secure environment such as is the case when the instrument is returned for calibration. Declassification procedures will include memory sanitization and or memory removal. Agilent declassification procedures are designed to meet the requirements specified by the DSS NISPOM security document (DoD 5220.22M chapter 8)Page 3 of 7Page 4 of 7Instrument MemoryThis section contains information on the types of memory available in your instrument. It explains the size of memory, how it is used, its location, volatility, and the sanitization procedure.Summary of instrument memory - base instrumentMemory Type and SizeW r i t a b l e D u r i n g N o r m a l O p e r a t i o nD a t a R e t a i n e d W h e n P o w e r e d O f fPurpose/ContentsData Input MethodLocation in Instrument and RemarksSanitization ProcedureMain Memory (FLASH) 8 MB No No Firmware operating memory Operatingsystem (notuser) PPMC CPU Board NAMemory (EEPROM) 1 KB Yes Yes GPIB SettingLAN Setting UserModifiable PPMC CPU Board Reset to Factory Setting Memory (FLASH) 8 MBYes Yes Save/Recall Files,User Correction Data,Beeper Tone/State, Handler/Scanner State,Data/Image Dump file name numberUserModifiablePPMC CPU BoardReset to Factory SettingNo Yes Serial Number,Installed Option Factory or Service OnlyA1 Mother BoardNot Required.Nomeasurement data present Memory (EEPROM) 256 KBYesYesNumber of Power On times Non-User ModifiableA1 Mother Board NoneMemory (EEPROM) 32 KB No Yes System Calibration Data Factory orServiceOnly A2 Analog BoardNot Required.Nomeasurement data presentMemory (MPU) 128 B Yes Yes Power onAccumulate TimeNon-User ModifiableDisplay Interface Board NoneMemory Clearing, Sanitization and/or Removal ProceduresThis section explains how to clear, sanitize, and remove memory from you instrument for all memory that can be written to during normal operation and for which the clearing and sanitization procedure is more than trivial such as rebooting your instrument.PPMC CPU Board Main Memory (FLASH)Description andpurposeFirmware for instrument operationSize 8 MBMemory clearing Cycle PowerMemory sanitization Cycle PowerMemory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/APPMC CPU Board (EEPROM)Description andpurposeStores GPIB and LAN addresses setting.Size 1KBMemory clearing Press [Preset] > FACTORY DEFAULT > OK.Memory sanitization Press [Preset] > FACTORY DEFAULT > OK.Memory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/APPMC CPU Board (FLASH)Description and purpose Stores the Save/Recall Files, User Correction Data, Beeper Tone/State, Handler/Scanner State, and Data/Image Dump file name number.Size 8MBMemory clearing Press [Preset] > FACTORY DEFAULT > OK.Memory sanitization This memory can not be sanitized.Memory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/AA1 Mother BoardDescription andpurposeStores the Serial Number, Installed Option, and Number of Power On times. Size 256 KBMemory clearing They can not be cleared at customer site.Memory sanitization They can not be sanitized at customer site.Memory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/AA2 Analog BoardDescription andpurposeStores the system calibration data which is stored by factory or service center. Size 256 KBMemory clearing Adjustment clears the data. The adjustment must be performed Agilent’squalified service personnel.Memory sanitization Adjustment sanitizes the data. The adjustment must be performed Agilent’squalified service personnel.Memory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/APage 5 of 7Display Interface BoardPower On Accumulate times.Description andpurposeSize 128BMemory clearing They can not be cleared at customer site.Memory sanitization They can not be sanitized at customer site.Memory removal This memory can not be removed without damaging the instrument.Write protecting N/AUser and Remote Interface Security MeasuresScreen and Annotation BlankingThe display blanking feature is available.The operator can perform the following keystrokes to activate the display blank.[Display Format] > DISPLAY BLANKOr can activate the display blank by the following SCPI command.:DISPlay:ENABle {ON|OFF}USB Mass Storage Device SecurityE4980A does not have a capability to disable a USB Mass Storage Device.Remote Access InterfacesThe user is responsible for providing security for the I/O ports for remote access by controlling physical access to the I/O ports. The I/O ports must be controlled because they provide access to all user settings, user states and the display image.The I/O ports include USB, GPIB and LAN.The LAN port provides the following services.z httpz socketsz telnetz VXI-11There is also a ‘ping’ service, which presently cannot be selectively disabled. The concern here might be that it is possible to discover IP addresses of connected instruments in order to query their setups over the net or break into the code.Page 6 of 7Procedure for Declassifying a Faulty InstrumentIf the instrument is not functioning and you are unable to clear/sanitize the stored user information, you must physically remove the PPMC CPU and display boards from the instrument. See to the Service Guide for removal procedures.Page 7 of 7。