Metabolic Engineering - 国家生化工程技术研究中心 - 南京工业大学
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Nisin的生产、提纯和检测李增利(江苏科技大学生化部,镇江212004)摘要:Nisin是一种由乳酸乳球菌产生的羊毛硫氨酸类细菌素,在许多国家被许可作为生物防腐剂。
Nisin 的产量受许多因素的制约,如产生菌性能、培养基组成(碳源、氮源、磷源和阳离子)、发酵条件(pH、温度、搅拌、通风)、发酵类型(分批发酵、连续发酵、自由细胞、固定化细胞)等;大规模回收和纯化Nisin主要采用一些基于吸附-解析或者相分配原理的方法;最常用的定量检测Nisin的方法主要有生物分析法和免疫检测法,采用各种特定nisin抗体的免疫检测方法具有迅速、灵敏、准确等特性并能实现Nisin的在线检测。
关键词:乳酸乳球菌,Nisin,发酵生产,提纯,检测,免疫分析Production,Purification and Quantification of NisinLi Z engli(Dept.of Biochemical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and T echnology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu212004)Abstract:Nisin,a lantibiotic-type bacteriocin produced by various strains of Lactococcus lactis ctis,is licensed for use as a food biopreservative in many countries.The m ore recent developments in the production,purification and determination of nisin were reviewed.Nisin production was affected by numerous factors,including the producing strain,com position of the fermentation medium(carbohydrate,nitrogen and phosphorus s ources,cations),fermentative conditions(pH,tem perature,ag2 itation and aeration)and fermentation types(batch and continuous culture using free cell or imm obilized cell).Several integrat2 ed processes based on ads orption/des orption or on phase partitioning have been built for recovery and purification of nisin.The m ost comm on methods of nisin detection and quantification are Bioassay,such as agar diffusion ing immunological tech2 niques many immunoassay using the specific anti-nisin antibodies were developed and used for rapid and sensitive detecting and quantifying of nisin,and suitability for distinguishing active from inactive forms,and for the on-line m onitoring of nisin.K ey w ords:Lactococcus lactis ctis,Nisin,Fermentative production,Purification,Quantification,Immunoassay 随着“天然化”食品的发展,天然食品防腐剂倍受青睐。
基因敲除技术研究进展及其在代谢工程上的应用The Current Status of Gene Knockout and its Application in MetabolicEngineering天津大学化工学院二零壹六年六月摘要基因敲除技术是20世纪80年代发展起来一项重要的分子生物学技术,在微生物代谢工程,动植物改造以及功能基因研究方面具有广泛的应用。
本文介绍了基因敲除的策略和在代谢工程中的作用,着重介绍了四种新兴的基因敲除策略:RNAi,ZFN,TALENs以及最近研究火热的CRISPR/Cas9。
并在最后展望了基因敲除技术尤其是新兴技术在相关领域的发展趋势,为基因敲除技术的进一步发展提供了参考。
关键词:基因敲除代谢工程同源重组CRISPR/Cas9ABSTRACTGene Knockout is an important molecular biotechnology which has developed sine 1980. It has been proved efficient in microbial metabolic engineering, transform of nimals and plants and functional genomics. In this review, we mainly introduced the strategies of gene knockout and its application in metabolic engineering.And four new strategies RNAi, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 were highlighted in detail. At last, developing frontiers and application prospects of gene knockout were further discussed.KEY WORDS:gene knockout, metabolic engineering, homologous recombination, CRISPR/Cas9目录第一章基因敲除技术 (1)1.1基因敲除相关背景 (1)1.2基因敲除技术在代谢工程中的应用 (2)第二章基因敲除策略 (3)2.1传统的基因敲除策略 (3)2.1.1利用同源重组进行基因敲除 (3)2.1.2利用随机插入突变进行基因敲除 (4)2.2新兴的基因敲除策略 (5)2.2.1 利用RNA干扰引起的基因敲除 (5)2.2.2 锌指核酸酶基因打靶技术 (5)2.2.3 TALENs 靶向基因敲除技术 (6)2.2.4 CRISPR/CAS9基因敲除技术 (7)第三章前景展望 (9)参考文献 (10)致谢 (11)第一章基因敲除技术1.1基因敲除相关背景随着测序技术的迅速发展,生物体基因功能的研究已经成为当下最热门的课题。
第39卷第8期2011年8月化学工程CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CHINA )Vol.39No.8Aug.2011收稿日期:2011-03-11基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(20476005);国家科技支撑计划课题子课题(2006BA109B07-01)作者简介:李群生(1963—),男,博士,教授,从事精馏、吸收、超临界萃取、连续结晶理论与技术的研究,E-mail :liqsh@buct.edu.cn ;朱炜,通讯联系人,E-mail :zw198204@163.com 。
常压下甲醇-碳酸二甲酯汽液平衡测定及其萃取剂选择李群生1,朱炜1,付永泉1,高东江2,王海川1,王浩1,李仑1(1.北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029;2.兰州新西部维尼龙有限公司,甘肃兰州730094)摘要:甲醇(MeOH )与尿素催化合成碳酸二甲酯的工艺路线是目前最有发展前途的一种合成方法,但该过程中由于使用了过量的甲醇,在合成中形成了碳酸二甲酯和甲醇的共沸物,分离困难。
已报道的分离方法中萃取精馏,在经济效益、操作和安全方面都优于其他方法。
草酸二甲酯,碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸丙烯酯均可作为萃取精馏分离DMC 的萃取剂,但MeOH-DMC-萃取剂萃取精馏的数学模型尚未见报道,所以有必要研究MeOH-DMC 及其与萃取剂体系的汽液平衡数据。
本文在常压下,用改进的Othmer 釜测定了MeOH-DMC 二元汽液平衡数据,并用Margules ,Van Laar ,Wilson ,NRTL ,UNIQUAC 方程对实验数据进行了关联,并利用UNIFAC 方程模拟推算了MeOH-DMC-萃取剂(草酸二甲酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯)三元体系在常压下的汽液平衡,为建立萃取精馏法分离DMC 与甲醇共沸体系的数学模型提供了必要的汽液平衡(VLE )数据。
关键词:碳酸二甲酯;甲醇;萃取剂;汽液平衡中图分类号:TQ 013.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1005-9954(2011)08-0044-04Vapor-liquid equilibrium of methanol-dimethyl carbonate atnormal pressure and selection of extractantLI Qun-sheng 1,ZHU Wei 1,FU Yong-quan 1,GAO Dong-jiang 2,WANG Hai-chuan 1,WANG Hao 1,LI Lun 1(1.College of Chemical Engineering ,Beijing University of Chemical Technology ,Beijing 100029,China ;2.Lanzhou New West Vinylon Company Limited ,Lanzhou 730094,Gansu Province ,China )Abstract :The route of catalytic synthesizing dimethyl carbonate by methanol (MeOH )and urea is the most promising synthetic method.But because of the excessive use of methanol ,it is difficult to separate dimethyl carbonate and methanol mixture due to the existence of azeotrope in this process.Extractive distillation is more economical ,simple ,safe and effective than the other separation methods reported ,and dimethyl oxalate (DMO ),ethylene carbonate (EC )and propylene carbonate (PC )can be used as the extractant.However ,the mathematical model of MeOH-DMC-extractant was not reported.So ,it is necessary to study the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE )data of MeOH-DMC and its extractant.The vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the dimethyl carbonate and methanol were measured at normal pressure in a modified Othmer still.The measured binary data were correlated by using Margules ,Van Laar ,Wilson ,NRTL and UNIQUAC models.The normal atmosphere vapor-liquid equilibrium of ternary system MeOH-DMC-extractant (dimethyl oxalate ,ethylene carbonate ,propylene carbonate )was simulated by using the UNIFAC equation.The VLE data are necessary to separate methanol from DMC by extraction distillation.Key words :dimethyl carbonate ;methanol ;extractant ;vapor-liquid equilibrium 碳酸二甲酯[1-6](DMC )是绿色化工产品,由于其分子中含有羰基、甲氧基和甲基等多种官能团,因此,在有机合成中可作为甲基化试剂代替原来有致癌作用的硫酸二甲酯广泛用于合成农药、医药和燃料等化工生产中。
细胞工程主讲人王文星学前导引本课程为必修考试课,理论授课32学时,期末考试闭卷总成绩为100分:出勤+课堂提问占10%,平时测验占20%,期末试卷占70%.平时测验1~次,随堂考试,闭卷。
选用教材:安利国,杨桂文.«细胞工程»第3版,科学出版社,2016主要参考教材:李志勇.«细胞工程»第2版,科学出版社,2010殷红.«细胞工程»第2版,化学工业出版社,2013罗立新等。
«细胞工程»,华南理工大学出版社,2003第1章细胞工程简介内容提要一、定义五、主要研究内容二、与其它生物工程的关系六、重要应用三、发展历史七、本章小结四、研究对象八、思考题一、细胞工程定义细胞工程:应用细胞生物学和分子生物学的方法,通过类似于工程学的步骤,在细胞整体水平或细胞器水平上,按照人们的意愿来改变细胞内的遗传物质以获取新型生物或特种细胞产品的一门科学技术。
广义的细胞工程:包括所有的生物组织、器官及细胞离体操作和培养技术,狭义的细胞工程则是指细胞融合和细胞培养技术。
二、细胞工程与其它生物工程的关系生物化学工程为基因工程、细胞工程、微生物工程、蛋白质工程、酶工程、代谢工程提供产业化技术支持.基因工程技术为细胞工程提供转基因细胞。
细胞工程技术为微生物工程、酶工程及工程产业化提供充足的经过遗传改良和性状稳定的微生物、动植物细胞原料.总结:细胞工程技术是现代生物工程技术各领域连接的桥梁和纽带;与其它生物工程技术是密切联系,不可分割的有机整体。
三、细胞工程发展历史细胞工程的理论基础是细胞学说和细胞全能性学说。
在植物学界,100年前,德国学者Haberlandt(1902)发表了著名的论文《植物细胞离体培养实验》,提出了细胞全能性的观点。
20AD中叶,植物细胞组织培养与细胞的遗传操作相结合,发展成为植物细胞工程。
20AD60s末兴起的植物单倍体技术是一项在植物育种上用途广泛的细胞工程技术。
微生物合成2,3-丁二醇的代谢工程童颖佳;邬文嘉;彭辉;刘陆罡;黄和;纪晓俊【摘要】2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), which is considered as an important microbial metabolite, has been widely used in many fields such as food, medicine, chemical, and so on. Microbial 2,3-BD production has a history of more than 100 years, but the low efficiency of microbial 2,3-BD accumulation has constrained its process in biological manufacturing industrialization. Optimization of microbial metabolic pathway with the theory and method of metabolic engineering is expected to solve this problem. The objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art strain transformation and construction strategies in microbial synthesis of 2,3-BD, including overexpressing genes encoding for key enzymes in the 2,3-BD metabolic pathway, knocking out the metabolic bypass way genes, and using the methods of cofactor engineering in redesigning and reasonable transformation of the natural strains’ metabolic network. Besides that, the using of synthetic biology in constructing brand new 2,3-BD pathways in model strains, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyanobacteria, in order to enhance the yield or chiral 2,3-BD production in microorganisms is also introduced in this review. Finally, the future research direction is prospected, and the guidelines to develop high-efficiency microbial cell factories by advanced synthetic biology methods to achieve the optimal allocation of the intracellular metabolic flow are also proposed.%2,3-丁二醇(2,3-BD)是一种重要的微生物代谢产物,广泛应用于食品、医药、化工等多个领域。