霍尔式传感器论文

-转速值。单位：（转/分）。
-晶体震荡频率。单位Hz。
-输入脉冲数，反映转角。
-时基脉冲数。
“M法”测量误差分析
由转速公式：
给出
因定时时间和输入脉冲不能保证严格同步，以及在T内能否正好测量外部脉冲的完整周期个数，所以m1可能产生一个脉冲的量化误差，故转速变化：
（2-7）
其相对误差为：
（2-8）
（2-9）
霍尔器件是有半导体材料制成的一种薄片，其长为l，宽为b，厚度为d。若在垂直于薄片方向（即沿厚度d的方向）施加外磁场，在沿长为l的方向的两端面加外电场，则其内部会有一定的电流通过。由于电子在磁场中运动，所以将受到一个洛仑兹力，其大小为：
F=qVB,
式中：F为洛伦兹力；q为载流子电荷，V为载流子运动速度，B为磁感应强度。
由于受洛伦兹力，电子的运动方向轨迹将发生偏移，在霍尔元器件薄片的两个侧面分别产生电兹积聚或电荷过剩，形成霍尔电场。在霍尔器件两个侧面间形成的电位差为霍尔电压，其大小为：
U=RBI/d
式中：R为霍尔常数，I为控制电流。设K=R/d,它称为霍尔器件的灵敏系统，表示该霍尔元件在单位磁感应强度和单位控制电流下输出霍尔电动势的大小。若控制电流保持不变，则霍尔感应电压将随外界磁场强度而变化。根据这一原理，可将一块永久磁钢固定在电动机转轴上转盘的边沿，转盘随被转轴旋转，磁钢也将跟着同步旋转，在转盘附近安装一个霍尔元件，电机旋转时，霍尔元件受到磁钢所产生的磁场影响，故可输出脉冲信号，其频率和转速成正比，测出霍尔元器件输出的脉冲周期或频率即可计算出转速。
Keywords
12
第一章
在直流电机的多年实际运行的过程中，机械测速电机不足之处日益明显，其主要表现为直流测速电机DG中的炭刷磨损及交流测速发电机TG中的轴承磨损，增加了设备的维护工作量，也随着增加了发生故障的可能性；同时机械测速电机在更换炭刷及轴承的检修作业过程中，需要将直流电动机停运，安装过程中需要调整机械测速电机轴与主电机轴的同轴度，延长了检修时间，影响了设备的长期平稳运行。

霍尔式液位传感器的设计论文摘要：目前，传统的液位控制器液位的检测大多用电导式或机械式。

电导式一般只适用于导电液体，且电极腐蚀严重；机械式则不易调节液位的范围，调试困难。

在传统液位控制中，一般只能实现自动补液，而不能显示容器内液体，更不能对液源问题作出反应。

而霍尔液位控制器则能弥补传统液位控制器的不足。

一要求和设计内容:霍尔式液位传感器液位控制器，要求：1）当液位低于某一设定值时，水泵开始运转。

2）当液位高于某一设定值时，水泵停止运转。

3）储液罐是密闭的，只允许在储液罐的玻璃连通器外壁和管腔内设置和安装传感元件。

4）设计控制电路原理框图；简要说明该检测、控制系统的工作过程。

二霍尔式液位控制器设计提示1).首先要了解玻璃连通器的原理，在此基础上，对储液罐液位的测量就转换为对连通器中液位的测量。

2).确定霍尔IC是开关型的还是线性的。

霍尔IC须有磁性元件才能产生霍尔电势，为此，在连通器内设置一磁性浮子，在玻璃外壁相应高度设置霍尔IC。

3).当水泵将液体泵入储液罐后，连通器内的液位也相应上升，当磁性浮子与霍尔IC持平时，霍尔IC的输出突变，表示液位已达到设定高度。

该信号经控制电路使水泵停止运转。

4).在连通器外壁平行设置一标尺杆，霍尔IC可在标尺杆上移动并固定，这样就可以控制不同的液位高度了。

5).本装置只能控制液位的状态量。

三. 霍尔式液位传感器的设计基于干簧管液位传感器的缺点，构思了一种基于干簧管液位传感器诸多优点之上的新的液位测量方案: 即用开关式霍尔片“替代”干簧管。

霍尔片具有体积小(如: 开关式霍尔片简介开关式霍尔片和模拟式霍尔元件一样，都是基于霍尔效应原理工作的。

开关式霍尔片输出有两种状态，即高电平和低电平。

下面简单介绍一下开关式霍尔片UGN-3040的工作原理。

霍尔片内部包含稳压器、霍尔电压发生器、信号放大器、施密特触发器、和一个集电极开路的三极管。

当有磁场作用在霍尔片上时，根据霍尔效应，霍尔元件输出霍尔电压UH，该电压经过放大器放大后，送至施密特整形电路。

基于霍尔元件的自行车速度感应器设计随着居民生活水平的不断提高，自行车不再仅仅是普通的运输、代步的工具，而是成为人们娱乐、休闲、锻炼的首选。

自行车的速度里程表能够满足人们最基本的需求，让人们能清楚地知道当前的速度、里程等物理量。

本论文主要阐述一种基于霍尔元件的自行车的速度里程表的设计。

以AT89C52单片机为核心，A44E霍尔传感器测转数，实现对自行车里程/速度的测量统计，采用24C02实现在系统掉电的时候保存里程信息，并能将自行车的里程数及速度用LED实时显示。

文章详细介绍了自行车的速度里程表的硬件电路和软件设计。

硬件部分利用霍尔元件将自行车每转一圈的脉冲数传入单片机系统，然后单片机系统将信号经过处理送显示。

软件部分用汇编语言进行编程，采用模块化设计思想。

该系统硬件电路简单，子程序具有通用性，完全符合设计要求。

关键词：里程/速度；霍尔元件；单片机；LED显示ABSTRACTWith the developing of people 'lisfe, the bicycle is not only the universal tool of transportation and substitute for walking, but becomes the first choice of entertainment and exercising. The bicycle mileage/speed can fulfill the basic need of people ' s life, so that they can learn the speed and the mileage of the bicycle. In this paper, the bicycle mileage/speed design based on the Hall element is elaborated. By AT89C52 as kernel, using A44E Hall element to measure revolution, the measure and statistic are achieved. The range information is saved by24C02 when the power is off, the bicycle speed can be displayed on LED. In this article, the hardware circuit and software design of bicycle mileage/speed instrument are introduced in detail. About the hardware, the pulse number is transmitted of one cycle of the bicycle into Single Chip Microcomputer system. Then the signal processed by Single Chip Microcomputer system is sent to display scream. About the software, in assemble language; the program is designed in the mode of modules. The system has simple hardware, common sub-program, and meets the demand of design.KEY WORDS: Mileage / speed; Hall element; Single chip microcomputer; LED1绪言 (1)1.1课题背景 (1)1.2课题的主要任务及内容 (1)2自行车的速度里程表总体方案设计 (2)2.1任务分析与实现 (2)2.2自行车的速度里程表硬件方案设计 (2)2.3自行车的速度里程表软件方案设计 (4)3自行车的速度里程表硬件电路设计 (5)3.1概述3.2传感器及其测量系统 (5)3.2.1 霍尔传感器的测量原理 (5)3.2.2集成开关型霍尔传感器 (6)3.3单片机的原理及应用 (7)3.3.1单片机原理简介 (7)3.3.2单片机的引脚功能介绍................ 错误！未定义书签3.3.3单片机中断系统介绍.................. 错误！未定义书签3.3.4单片机定时/计数功能介绍 ............... 错误！未定义书签3.4其他器件的介绍..................... 错误！未定义书签3.4.1存储器的介绍..................... 错误！未定义书签3.4.2 74LS74芯片的介绍................ 错误！未定义书签3.4.3 74LS244芯片的介绍................ 错误！未定义书签3.5单片机外围电路的设计................. 错误！未定义书签3.5.1时钟电路的设计.................. 错误！未定义书签3.5.2 复位电路的设计.................. 错误！未定义书签3.5.3显示电路的设计................... 错误！未定义书签3.5.4报警电路的设计.................. 错误！未定义书签4自行车的速度里程表软件程序设计.............. 错误！未定义书签4.1概述.......................... 错误！未定义书签4.2自行车的速度里程表总体程序设计............. 错误！未定义书签4.3中断子程序的设计..................... 错误！未定义书签4.4数据处理子程序的设计.................. 错误！未定义书签4.5显示子程序的设计..................... 错误！未定义书签5系统调试与分析....................... 错误！未定义书签5.1系统仿真调试..................... 错误！未定义书签5.2调试故障及原因分析................... 错误！未定义书签6结论与展望......................... 错误！未定义书签6.1结论.......................... 错误！未定义书签6.2展望.......................... 错误！未定义书签致谢............................. 错误！未定义书签参考文献........................... 错误！未定义书签附录............................. 错误！未定义书签1.1课题背景自行车被发明及使用到现在已有两百多年的历史，这两百年间人类在不断的尝试与研发过程中，将玩具式的木马车转换到今日各式新颖休闲运动自行车，自行车发展的目的也从最早的交通代步的工具转换成休闲娱乐运动的用途。

基于霍尔传感器的测速仪设计【摘要】霍尔传感器是对磁敏感的传感元件，常用于开关信号采集的有CS3020、CS3040等，这种传感器是一个3端器件，外形与三极管相似，只要接上电源、地，即可工作，输出通常是集电极开路（OC）门输出，工作电压范围宽，使用非常方便。

使用霍尔传感器获得脉冲信号，其机械结构也可以做得较为简单，只要在转轴的圆周上粘上一粒磁钢，让霍尔开关靠近磁钢，就有信号输出，转轴旋转时，就会不断地产生脉冲信号输出。

这种传感器不怕灰尘、油污，在工业现场应用广泛。

【关键词】传感器原理；检测技术；检测速度；一、测速仪功能简介测速是工农业生产中经常遇到的问题，测速仪表具有很重要的意义。

要测速，首先要解决是采样的问题。

在使用模拟技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。

使用单片机技术进行测速，可以采用简单的脉冲计数法。

只要转轴每旋转一周，产生一个或固定的多个脉冲，并将脉冲送入单片机中进行计数，即可获得转速的信息。

二、霍尔传感器介绍霍尔传感器是对磁敏感的传感元件，常用于开关信号采集的有CS3020、CS3040等，这种传感器是一个3端器件，外形与三极管相似，只要接上电源、地，即可工作，输出通常是集电极开路（OC）门输出，工作电压范围宽，使用非常方便。

如图1所示是CS3020的外形图，将有字面对准自己，三根引脚从左向右分别是Vcc，地，输出。

如图1所示，这种传感器不怕灰尘、油污，在工业现场应用广泛。

图1 CS3020三、基于霍尔传感器的测速仪系统设计1、系统总体结构基于霍尔传感器的测速仪系统总体结构如图2所示：图2基于霍尔传感器的测速仪系统结构图2、信号获取电路图3是测速电路的信号获取部分，在电源输入端并联电容C6用来滤去电源尖啸，使霍尔元件稳定工作。

HR3020表示霍尔元件，采用3020，在霍尔元件输出端（引脚3）与地并联电容C7滤去波形尖峰，再接一个上拉电阻R15，然后将其接入LM393的引脚3。

霍尔位置传感器法测杨氏模量李云伟王新春（楚雄师范学院楚雄 675000）摘要：采用弯曲法测量黄铜和铸铁的杨氏模量，此种方法的关键是测准材料在应力作用下的微小位移。

在测量可锻铸铁的杨氏模量时，用读数显微镜测量微小位移，并采用spss软件对测量数据进行分析，对霍尔位置传感器的特性进行了定标。

在测量铸铁的杨氏模量时，直接利用霍尔位置传感器特性测量位置的微小变化，得到了较好的实验效果。

关键词：杨氏模量；弯曲法；定标；霍尔位置传感器Measuring Young's modulus with Holzer position sensorAbstract: Measuring the young's modulus of Brass and cast iron by bending method, the key of this method is that accurately measure subtle displacement of materials under stress function .When people measure the Young's modulus of malleable cast iron, they can both use reading microscope to measure subtle displacement and use SPSS software to analyze measured data as well as make a calibration for the characteristics of the Holzer position sensor.When people measured the Young's modulus of malleable cast iron,they got a better experimental effect by directly using the Holzer position sensor characteristics measuring tiny changes in position.Key words: young's modulus; bending method; calibration;Holzer position sensor .引言杨氏模量是工程材料的一个重要物理参数[6]，它是标志材料抵抗弹性形变能力的重要物理量，是选定机械构件材料的依据之一，在工程上也作为选择材料的依据[1]。

霍尔电流传感器技术研究摘要霍尔电流传感器作为电流计量技术中的关键组件，凭借其高精确度、宽泛的测量跨度及卓越的稳定性，在工业自动化、新能源汽车产业中展现了广泛应用的潜力。

本研究综合考察了霍尔电流传感器的运作机理、性能指标、应用范畴及技术革新方向。

该传感器利用霍尔效应的原理，借助磁场的相互作用，巧妙地将电流信息转变为电压信号，从而实现电流的精密测量。

其核心性能参数，如测量区间、测量精确度和线性度等，对传感器在真实应用场景中的效能发挥起着决定性作用。

霍尔电流传感器在工业自动化领域能够为电机控制和电源管理提供不可或缺的数据支撑，是确保系统稳定运作的关键。

转至新能源汽车行业，它在电池管理系统中担当要角，对维护电池的使用安全与高效性能发挥着核心作用。

此外，其在电力传输、航空航天等其他高科技领域也展示出广泛的应用价值与可能性。

尽管如此，现有的传感器技术仍面临测量精确性、长期稳定性能等方面的挑战，这些限制要求通过探索新型材料与采用更先进的制造工艺来突破，以实现传感器性能的再度飞跃。

未来，霍尔电流传感器技术的发展将趋向高精度、高稳定性，同时追求宽测量范围和低功耗。

智能化、集成化将成为传感器产品的重要特征，满足更多领域的应用需求。

本研究的结论不仅为霍尔电流传感器技术的研发和应用提供了重要参考，也为相关领域的研究者和技术人员提供了新的思路和方法。

关键词：霍尔电流传感器；霍尔效应；工业自动化；新能源汽车；技术创新目录摘要 (1)第一章引言 (3)1.1 霍尔电流传感器概述 (3)1.2 研究目的与意义 (4)1.3 国内外研究现状及发展趋势 (4)第二章霍尔电流传感器工作原理 (6)2.1 霍尔效应原理 (6)2.2 传感器工作过程 (6)2.3 传感器性能参数 (7)第三章霍尔电流传感器技术应用 (9)3.1 工业自动化领域应用 (9)3.2 新能源汽车领域应用 (10)3.3 其他领域应用 (10)第四章霍尔电流传感器技术发展与创新 (12)4.1 技术局限性分析 (12)4.2 技术创新方向 (13)4.3 未来发展趋势预测 (14)第五章结论 (15)5.1 研究总结 (15)5.2 研究展望 (15)第一章引言1.1 霍尔电流传感器概述霍尔电流传感器，一种以霍尔效应为工作原理的电流检测装置，能够将电流信号转化为电压信号，从而提供精确的电流测量数据。

广东白云学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目：基于霍尔传感器的控制电机测速装置的设计与实现课题类型：论文□设计□学生姓名学号：班级：07自动化2班专业（全称）：自动化系别：电子信息工程系指导教师：2010年 10月基于霍尔传感器的电机测速装置的设计与实现摘要在工业生产生活中，经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，例如在发电机、电动机、机床主轴等旋转设备的实验运转和控制中，常需要分时或连续测量、显示其转速及瞬时速度。

为了能精确地测量转速，还要保证测量的实时性，要求能测的瞬时速度。

针对工业上常见的发动机设计了以单片机STC89C52为控制核心的转速测量系统，本文介绍基于霍尔传感器的电机测速系统，该系统利用霍尔传感器采集脉冲信号，通过定时计数法程序，将转速结果实时显示出来。

实际测试表明,该系统能满足发动机转速测量要求。

关键词: 单片机;电机测速系统;霍尔传感器;定时SENSOR BASED ON HALL OF MOTOR SPEEDDEVICE DESIGNABSTRACTIn the course of industrial production in life often need to measure speed encounter various occasions. For example, AT the engines motors machine tool spindles and other rotating equipment’s operation and control of the piolt often need frequent time-sharing or continuous measurements show its speed and instantaneous order to accurately measured. The rotate spee measurement system for the common engine is designed with the single chip paper inroduces a microcomputer-based hall sensor speed system,the syetem uses Hall sensor pulse signal collected through the timer counting algorithm programs,will speed the results of real-time disply. The result of the experiment shows that the measurement system is able to satisfy the requirement of the engine rotate speed measurement.Key words:Single-chip;Motor Speed System; Hall sensor; Timing目录第1章绪论 (6)基于霍尔传感器的电机测速装置的现状 (6) (6)第二章基于霍尔传感器的电机测速装置总体方案设计 (8)系统原理框图设计 (8)总体方案的论证 (9) (9)转速测量方案论证 (9)电机驱动方案论证 (10) (10)转速显示方案论证 (10)PWM软件实现方案论证 (11)各模块的分析、计算与硬件电路设计 (11) (11)电机驱动电路的设计 (12)2.LCD显示电路与STC89C52的接口设计 (13)第三章本系统各部分功能程序设计 (14)系统总程序框图设计 (14)电机转速测量程序设计 (15)按键控制程序设计 (15)LCD显示程序设计 (18)PWM信号的单片机程序实现 (19)第四章本系统的实现与调试 (20) (20) (20) (21)软件部分调试 (23) (23)第五章总结 (25)参考文献 (26)致谢 (27)附录1：硬件总图 (28)附录2：电路PCB版图 (29)附录3：ISIS 7 PROFESSIONAL仿真图 (31)附录4：基于霍尔传感器的电机转速装置元件清单 (32)附录5：程序清单 (33)第1章绪论基于霍尔传感器的电机测速装置的现状霍尔传感器是利用霍尔效应实现磁电转换的一种传感器，我国从７Ｏ年代开始研究霍尔器件，经过２０余年的研究和开发，目前已经能生产各种性能的霍尔元件，霍尔传感器具有灵敏度高、线性度好、稳定性高、体积小和耐高温等特点。

出租车计价器的设计摘要本文介绍了出租车计价器系统在实际生产生活中的重要性，介绍一种以单片机AT89C51 为核心的多功能出租车计价器的设计,阐述硬件设计过程中关键技术的处理。

结果表明该计价器具有集计程、计时、计费、存储等多种计量功能，并且具有打印和显示等多种功能。

本课题主要研究出租车计价器的硬件设计。

论文详细阐述了该计价器的总体设计：时钟电路模块、掉电存储模块、里程检测模块、LED显示模块、键盘模块、打印模块等。

【关键词】：AT89C51 计价器 LED显示目录毕业设计任务书 (Ⅰ)摘要 (Ⅱ)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 前言 (1)1.2 设计的意义 (1)1.3 系统设计的要求 (1)第2章系统整体设计 (2)2.1 方案论证与比较 (2)2.1 系统总体设计要求 (3)第3章相关芯片介绍 (5)3.1 控制核心芯片AT89C51 (5)3.1.1 主要特性 (5)3.1.2 AT89C51的管脚结构图及管脚说明 (5)3.1.3 AT89C51的振荡器特性 (8)3.1.4 芯片擦除 (8)3.2 掉电存储芯片AT24C02 (9)3.2.1概述 (9)3.2.2 AT24C02介绍 (9)3.3 并行接口芯片8155 (10)3.3.1概述 (10)3.3.2芯片8155基本结构及工作方式 (11)3.3.3 8155的命令/状态寄存器 (13)3.3.4 8155的定时器/计数器 (13)3.4 时钟芯片8563 (14)3.4.1 8563的主要特性及管脚结构图 (14)3.4.2 8563的基本原理 (15)3.5 可编程并行接口8255 (16)3.5.1 8255的内部结构及管脚功能 (16)第4章系统硬件设计 (18)4.1 最小系统 (18)4.1.1晶振系统 (18)4.1.2复位电路 (19)4.2 时钟电路模块 (20)4.3掉电存储模块 (21)4.4里程检测模块 (22)4.5 LED显示模块 (22)4.5.1 LED显示器介绍 (22)4.5.2 LED显示器原理 (23)4.5.3 LED显示器的显示方式 (24)4.6 存储区扩展模块 (26)4.6.1 引言 (26)4.6.2 2716的扩展与6116的扩展 (26)4.7 键盘模块 (27)4.7.1 矩阵式键盘接口设计 (27)4.7.2 键盘具体连接图 (29)4.8 打印模块 (30)4.8.1 打印机概况 (30)4.8.2 打印机接口 (31)结论/展望 (32)致谢 (33)参考文献 (34)附录 (35)第1章绪论1.1 前言出租汽车已经成为我国城市公共交通的重要组成部分和现代化城市必备的基础设施，成为人们工作、生活中不可缺少的交通工具。

霍尔传感器的工作原理及应用论文1. 引言霍尔传感器是一种重要的非接触式传感器，在工业控制、汽车电子、医疗设备等领域有广泛的应用。

本文将介绍霍尔传感器的工作原理及其在不同领域的应用情况。

2. 霍尔传感器的工作原理霍尔传感器利用霍尔效应测量磁场的强度，进而实现对物体位置、速度、方向等信息的检测。

霍尔效应是指当一个导电体通过一定方向的磁场时，会在其两端产生一定方向的电势差。

这个电势差与磁场的强度成正比。

霍尔传感器通常由霍尔元件、信号调理电路、输出电路三部分组成。

霍尔元件是传感器的核心部件，由半导体材料制成。

它的特点是在有磁场的情况下产生电势差，并将这个电势差转化为电信号输出。

信号调理电路用于增强和处理霍尔元件输出的信号，以得到准确的测量结果。

输出电路则将调理后的信号进行适配和放大，以便于连接到其他设备或系统中。

3. 霍尔传感器的应用霍尔传感器具有灵敏、稳定、可靠、无接触等优点，因此在众多领域中得到广泛应用。

3.1 工业控制•位置检测：霍尔传感器可以用于检测各种设备的位置，如机械臂、自动门等，以实现精确控制。

•运动检测：通过测量磁场的变化，可以实时监测设备的运动情况，并作出相应的调控。

•流量测量：将霍尔传感器用于流量计中，可以准确测量液体或气体的流量，广泛应用于工业自动化领域。

3.2 汽车电子•转向角度检测：霍尔传感器可以用于检测方向盘的转向角度，为车辆的转向控制提供精确数据。

•轮速测量：将霍尔传感器安装在车轮上，可以实时测量车辆的轮速，用于制动系统的控制。

•空气流量测量：汽车发动机需要准确测量进气量，霍尔传感器在这方面具有优异的性能，被广泛应用于汽车的空气流量测量系统中。

3.3 医疗设备•心率检测：通过将霍尔传感器置于医疗设备上，可以实时监测患者的心率，并提供给医生进行诊断。

•血压测量：霍尔传感器可用于测量患者的血压，实现无创血压测量，提高患者的舒适度和测量准确性。

•磁性药物传递：霍尔传感器可以用于控制磁性药物在磁场中的释放速度和位置，提高药物的治疗效果。

在工农业生产和工程实践中，经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，测量转速的方法分为模拟式和数字式两种。

模拟式采用测速发电机为检测元件，得到的信号是模拟量，控制系统的硬件部分非常复杂，功能单一，而且系统非常不灵活、调试困难。

数字式通常采用光电编码器、圆光栅、霍尔元件等为检测元件，得到的信号是脉冲信号。

单片机技术的日新月异，特别是高性能价格比的单片机的出现，转速测量普遍采用以单片机为核心的数字式测量方法，使得许多控制功能及算法可以采用软件技术来完成。

采用单片机构成控制系统，可以节约人力资源和降低系统成本，从而有效的提高工作效率。

本次实验是要利用霍尔传感器来测量转速。

由磁场的变化来使霍尔传感器产生脉冲，由单片机计数，经过数据计算转化成所测转速，再由数码管显示出来。

目录一、设计目的---------------------------- 1二、设计任务与要求- ------------------------- 12.1 设计任务-------------------------- 12.2 设计要求-------------------------- 1三、设计步骤及原理分析------------------------ 23.1 设计方法-------------------------- 3 3.2 设计步骤-------------------------- 53.3 设计原理分析 ------------------------ 7四、课程设计小结与体会------------------------ 8五、参考文献- ---------------------------- 9一、设计目的利用强磁铁与霍尔元件组成测试转体转速的测量电路，包括计数与显示电路。

二、设计任务与要求2.1 设计要求1. 实现基本功能2 ．完成3000 字设计报告3. 画出电路图4. 发挥部分，设计超速报警，完成信号传输。

摘要：本实验的主要内容是通过对霍尔氏传感器直流激励特性的了解，结合其在电子秤上的应用，加深对传感器的认识了解。

关键词：霍尔氏传感器电子秤引言：随着科学技术的飞速发展，现今各种各样的传感器已经成为众多领域不可缺少的关键部件。

传感器的定义是能感受规定的被测量，并按照一定的规律转化成可用输出信号的器件或装置。

传感器起到信息收集、信息数据的转化作用。

第一个实验是研究霍尔氏传感器的直流激励特性，第二个实验是利用霍尔传感器将被测物体的质量转化成电信号，由电信号与质量间的线性关系从而得出被测物体的质量。

实验方案及数据处理:实验一：霍尔传感器的直流激励特性一、实验目的：了解霍尔式传感器原理与特性。

二、实验基本原理：金属或半导体薄片置于磁场中，当有电流流过时，在垂直于磁场和电流的方向上将产生电动势，这种物理现象称为霍尔效应。

具有这种效应的元件成为霍尔元件，根据霍尔效应，霍尔电势U H=K H IB，当保持霍尔元件的控制电流恒定，而使霍尔元件在一个均匀梯度的磁场中沿水平方向移动，则输出的霍尔电动势为U H=kx，式中k—位移传感器的灵敏度。

这样它就可以用来测量位移。

霍尔电动势的极性表示了元件的方向。

磁场梯度越大，灵敏度越高；磁场梯度越均匀，输出线性度就越好。

三、实验仪器：霍尔式传感器及磁场、霍尔片、电桥模块、差动放大器、万用表、JK—19型直流电压电源、测微头及连接件、FB716—II传感器实验台和九孔实验板接口平台。

四、实验步骤：预设：差动放大器增益旋钮打到最小，万用表置20V挡，直流恒压电源+2V挡。

1.了解霍尔传感器的结构，熟悉霍尔片的符号，将霍尔磁场固定在振动盘上，调节振动盘与霍尔片之间的位置，不可有任何接触，以免将霍尔传感器损坏；2. 按图1接线，W1，r为电桥模块的直流电桥平衡网络，霍尔片上的A，B，C，D与霍尔式传感器上的一一对应；图13．装好测微头，调节测微头与振动盘吸合并使霍尔片置于关圆磁钢上下正中位置。

英文文献Application of Hall Current Sensor1. IntroductionWith the expansion of urban population and the scale of construction, all electrical equipment increases, consumption increases, the city often overload the power supply equipment, power has become increasingly harsh environment, the power of the "test "more and more serious. According to statistics, everyday, electrical equipment have been about 120 times the power problems of various intrusive, 60% of electronic equipment from power failure. Therefore, the growing importance of power issues prominent. Originally as a supporting role, more power with less capital investment by manufacturers and researchers, the attention, power technology thus become a new technology.Today, small power equipment has been integrated more and more new technologies. For example, switching power supply, hard switching, soft switching, parameter regulation, linear feedback regulator, magnetic amplifier technology, numerical control pressure regulator, PWM, SPWM, electromagnetic compatibility, etc.. Direct promotion of the actual needs of the power technology continues to develop and progress, to automatically detect and display the current, and over current, over voltage and other hazards happens with automatic protection and more advanced intelligent control with sensor detection, sensor sampling, Sensing a growing tendency to protect the power supply technology to detect current or voltage sensors have come into being and by the majority of power in China began designers of all ages.2. The current sensor principle of workCurrent sensor can measure all types of current, from DC to tens of kHz AC, its working principle is mainly based on Hall-effect principle. (This article is mostly below zero flux principle of closed-loop product example)When the primary conductor through the current sensor, the primary current IP will produce magnetic field lines, the primary focus in the core air gap magnetic field lines around the air gap built into the core of the Hall chip can generate electricity andis proportional to the primary magnetic field lines the size of only a few millivolts of induced voltage, through follow-up this tiny electronic circuits into the signal edge current Vice IS, and there is the following relationship: IS * NS = IP * NP.One, IS-Vice edge current;IP-the primary current;NP-the primary number of turns;NS-Vice-side coil turns;NP/NS- turns ratio, and generally the NP = 1.1) Current sensor output signal Is the secondary side current IS, it is with the input signal (the primary current IP) is proportional to IS generally small, only 10 ~ 400mA. If the output current through the measuring resistance RM, you can get a side with the original. Current proportional to the size of a few volts of the voltage output signal. 2) Sensor supply voltage V AV A means the current sensor supply voltage, it must be within the scope defined by sensors. Over this range, the sensor does not work or reduce the reliability of the other, the sensor supply voltage V A is divided into positive and negative power supply voltage supply voltage V A + V A-. Should pay attention to single-phase power sensors, the power supply voltage is a two-phase supply voltage V Amin V Amin 2 times, so its measurement range for more than double compared to the sensor.3) Measuring range Ipmax.Range refers to the maximum current sensor measures the current value, measuring range is generally higher than the standard rating IPN.3. The main parameters of the current sensor.1) The standard rating IPN and rated output current ISNIPN refers to the standard current sensor can test ratings, with RMS that (A. R. M. S), IPN and sensors the size of the model. ISN means the current sensor rated output current, typically 10 ~ 400mA, of course, according to some specific models may vary.2)Offset current ISOOffset current is also called the residual current or residual current, it is mainly from the Hall element or electronic circuit operational amplifier instability caused byworking conditions. Current sensors in production, in 25 ℃, IP = 0 when the circumstances have been offset current to the minimum, but left the production line sensor will produce a certain size of the offset current. Product technical documentation referred to in the accuracy of the current increase has been considered the impact of migration.3) LinearityLinearity determines the sensor output signal (Vice-side current IS) and the input signal (the primary current IP) within the measurement is proportional to the degree of Nanjing Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Asahi current sensor linearity is better than 0. 5%.4) Temperature driftsOffset current ISO is calculated at 25 ℃, when the Hall electrodes surrounding temperature changes, ISO will make a difference. Therefore, considering the maximum offset current ISO is very important changes, which, IOT refers to the current sensor temperature drift performance of the table values.5) OverloadCurrent Sensor overload is occurring current overload, the measurement scope, the primary current will increase, and overload current duration may be shorter and the overload value may exceed the sensor allows the value of overload current value of sensor General measurement does not come out, but will not damage the sensor. 6)AccuracyHall-effect sensor accuracy depends on the standard rated current of IPN. At +25 ℃, the sensor measurement precision and the primary current has some influence, while assessment of sensor accuracy must also take into account the current offset, linearity, temperature drift effects.4. Sensor type, structure and installation methodSensors generally label "Sensor Model" and "production date" of two parts. "Sensor Model" is used to indicate the sensor model, rated measurements, the Working power supply and wiring instructions, "Sensor production date" is from the 8-bit digital form, indicating that the sensor in the month of production, lot (in January in the first several groups of products).Many sensors, each sensor shapestructure, size and so different, the following describes the structure and shape of several typical methods of installing wiring.1)25A Current Sensor25A current sensor a kind of small-scale sensors, can measure the rated current of 5,6,8,12,25 A, the primary pins can be connected in different measurements to determine the rated current of the number, see instructions.2)With a line current sensorSuch as the conventional current sensors, the sensors are generally positive (+), negative (-), measured end (M) and real (0) 4 pin, but with a line current sensor is not the 4 pin, but red, black, yellow, green 3-lead, corresponding to positive, negative, measuring terminal and ground. While most sensors have a bore, when measuring the primary current to wire through the bore. Pore size and product type, measuring current has a causal relationship between the sizes.No matter what type of current sensors, wiring installation pin the note should be conducted according to the instruction corresponding connection.①in the measurement of alternating current must be forced to use bipolar power supply. The sensor's positive (+) then the power supply "+ V A" side, then negative power "-V A" side, this access method is called bipolar power supply. Simultaneous measurement side (M) through the resistor connected power "0V" terminal (in terms of zero magnetic flux-type).②Measuring DC current, you can use a unipolar or single-phase electricity supply, be positive or negative and "0V" terminal shorted to form only one electrode phase of the situation.In addition, the installation must take full account of the use of products, models, measuring range, the installation environment. Such sensors should be installed in the heat of the situation is conducive.5. Improve the precision of measurementIn addition to install and connect, real-time calibration, note that the sensor working environment, through the following methods can also improve the measurement accuracy:1)The primary sensor wire should be placed in the center of the hole, try not to letbias;2)The primary sensor wire filled as completely as possible within the hole, do not leave gaps;3)Measurements of the current sensor should be close to the standard rating IPN, not that much difference. Such conditions, it is only a rating of very high hand sensors, and wish to measure the current value is lower than rating a lot, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, can be more than the primary wire around a few times, so close to the rating. For example, when used to measure the sensor 100A rated current 10A, in order to improve the precision of the original side of the sensor wire inside the hole in the center around 10 laps (normally, NP = 1; including the hole in the perimeter of, NP = 2; ... ...; around nine laps, NP = 10, the NP × 10A = 100A and the sensor rating equal to, which can improve the precision);4) When measuring the current value of IPN/10 for the time, at 25 ℃ still have high accuracy.6. Sensor interference immunity1) Electromagnetic fieldHall-effect current sensors, using the principle of the primary conductor of the electromagnetic field. Therefore, the following factors directly affect the sensor is affected by external electromagnetic interference.2) Sensor in the vicinity of an external current size and current frequency is changed;3)External wires and sensors from the external conductor shape, location and sensor Neihuo Err electrode position;4) Installation of sensors used with or without magnetic materials;5) Whether the current sensor used to shield;In order to minimize the interference of external electromagnetic field, preferably as described above require the installation of sensors.7. Sensor calibration1) Offset current ISOOffset current to be IP = 0, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃under the conditions of calibration, (bipolar power supply) terminal, and the measurement ofvoltage VM must be met:VM ≦ RM × ISO2) AccuracyIn the IP = IPN (AC or DC), the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensors bipolar power supply, RM resistance was measured under the conditions of measurement. 3) Protection of testShort circuit in the measuring sensor to measure open circuit, power supply open circuit, the primary current overload, power accident conditions can be inverted to be protected. Test on the above example:①Measurement of short circuitThe test must be IP = IPN, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensor two-way power supply, RM for the practical application of the resistance under the conditions, the output and to accept a switch, the switch should be closed within a minute and turn on .②Measurement of open circuitThe test conditions for IP = IPN, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensor two-way power supply, RM is the practical application of the resistance under the conditions, the output resistor connected with a switch, switch S should be completed within one minute closed / Open the switch was.③Power unexpected inversion testTo prevent accidental power inversion Ershi sensor is damaged, specialized in the installation of circuit protection diode, the test can use the multimeter to test diodes at both ends, test should be IP = 0, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, the sensor is not powered, Measuring resistance is not connected conditions. Can be tested using the following two methods:The first: red table in his writings connected sensor multimeter "M" side of the table in his writings connected sensor multimeter black "+" end;Second: then sensors multimeter red tables to pen negative, multimeter sensor M Black tables to pen then end;In the test, such as multimeter whistle, indicating diode is damaged.8. Sensors calculateThe main current sensor is calculated as follows:NPIP = NSIS; calculate the primary or secondary side currentVM = RMI; calculation of measuring voltageVS = RSIS; calculated secondary voltageV A = e + VS + VM; calculation of the supply voltageWhere, e is the diode voltage drop across the internal and the output transistor, different types of sensors have different e values. Here we only HNC-300LT example, such a sensor turns ratio NP / NS = 1 / 2000, the standard rated current value of IPN = 300A rms, power supply voltage V A in the range of ± 12V ~ ± 15V (± 5%), Vice-side resistance RS = 30Ω, in the bipolar (± V A) power supply, the sensor measurement range> 100A and no power supply to prevent accidental reverse protection diode case,e = 1V. Under these conditions:1) for a given supply voltage V A, calculation and measurement of resistance measuring voltage VM RM:Hypothesis: power supply voltage V A = ± 15VAccording to the formula was:Measuring voltage VM = 9. 5V;Measuring resistance RM = VM / IS = 63. 33Ω;Vice-side current IS = 0. 15A.So when we use 63. 33Ω resistance measurement, the full amount in the sensor measurements, the output current signal is 0.15A, measuring voltage of 9.5V.2) For a given supply voltage and resistance measurements to calculate want to measure the peak current;Hypothesis: power supply voltage V A = ± 15V, measuring resistance RM = 12Ω, Are: VM + VS = (RM + RS) × IS = V A-e = 14VAnd: RM + RS = 12W +30 W = 42W,Vice-side is the maximum output current: ISmax = 0. 333AThe primary peak current: IPmax = ISmax (NS / NP) = 666AThis shows that under these conditions, the sensor can measure the maximumcurrent that the primary peak current of 666A. If the primary current is larger than this value, although the sensor does not measure it, but sensors would not be damaged. 3) Measurement of resistance (load resistance) can affect the sensor's measurement range.Measuring resistance of the sensor measurement range effects also exist, so we need to carefully select the measuring resistor. Calculated using the following formula measuring resistance:Which, V Amin-after deducting the minimum supply voltage error;e-sensor internal transistor voltage drop;RS-Vice-edge sensor coil resistance;ISmax-the primary current IP for the maximum current value when the secondary side.In addition, we recognized the following formula can be selected by the stability of the sensor.If V Amin does not meet the type, will cause instability in the sensor. If this happens, we can overcome the following three ways:①the replacement of the power supply voltage is greater;②reduce the measured resistance value;③replace the sensor into a smaller sensor RS.For example, certain types of current sensors, the standard rated current IPN = 1000A, the turns ratio of NP / NS = 1 / 2000, e value of 1.5V, Vice-side resistance RS = 30Ω, measuring resistance RM = 15W, with a 15V unipolar power supply. Then V A = 30V (unipolar bipolar power supply is 2 times), and:IS = IP × NP / NS = 0. 5AVS = RS × IS = 15VVM = RM × IS = 7. 5VThrough the above test, we can see in this condition, the sensor measurements to ensure stability. It can measure the primary current maximum (ie, measuring range) = 1267A9. Concluding remarksElectrical equipment increased in urban and rural power supply due to repair aging equipment situation, urban and rural areas would often unstable voltage, short circuit, over current and other phenomena, resulting in inconvenience to people's lives and equipment damage. Power use in the detection sensor can make a more compact power supply, intelligence and safety.Power to today, has been integrated electronics, power integration, automation, materials, sensors, computer, electromagnetic compatibility, thermal and many other technical areas of the essence, we have reason to believe that the power in the 21st century technology, the sensor will also play a crucial role, so the current sensor application and design development, sensors workers should be given adequate attention.Hall Current Sensor for its various models, wider range (current 5 ~ 10000A; voltage of 5 ~ 5000V), high accuracy, high sensitivity, good linearity, standard, easy to install, anti-interference ability, reliable, MTBF MTBF long time, etc., in various fields especially in the field of locomotive traction and industrial applications is worth customers.中文翻译霍尔电流传感器的应用一、前言伴随着城市人口和建设规模的扩大，各种用电设备的增多，用电量越来越大，城市的供电设备经常超负荷运转，用电环境变得越来越恶劣，对电源的“考验”越来越严重。

《工程测试技术基础》论文题目：霍尔传感器的工作原理及实际应用班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：霍尔传感器的工作原理及实际运用谭振超摘要：霍尔器件是一种磁传感器。

用它们可以检测磁场及其变化，可在各种与磁场有关的场合中使用。

霍尔器件以霍尔效应为其工作基础。

霍尔器件具有许多优点，它们的结构牢固，体积小，重量轻，寿命长，安装方便，功耗小，频率高（可达1MHZ），耐震动，不怕灰尘、油污、水汽及盐雾等的污染或腐蚀。

霍尔线性器件的精度高、线性度好；霍尔开关器件无触点、无磨损、输出波形清晰、无抖动、无回跳、位置重复精度高（可达μm 级）。

取用了各种补偿和保护措施的霍尔器件的工作温度范围宽，可达－55℃～150℃。

关键词：霍尔器件；霍尔效应；检测；补偿；1霍尔传感器的工作原理按照霍尔器件的功能可将它们分为:霍尔线性器件和霍尔开关器件。

前者输出模拟量，后者输出数字量。

按被检测的对象的性质可将它们的应用分为:直接应用和间接应用。

前者是直接检测出受检测对象本身的磁场或磁特性，后者是检测受检对象上人为设置的磁场，用这个磁场来作被检测的信息的载体，通过它，将许多非电、非磁的物理量例如力、力矩、压力、应力、位置、位移、速度、加速度、角度、角速度、转数、转速以及工作状态发生变化的时间等，转变成电量来进行检测和控制。

霍尔线性电路, 它由霍尔元件、差分放大器和射极跟随器组成。

其输出电压和加在霍尔元件上的磁感强度B 成比例，它的功能框图和输出特性示于图2 和图3。

图 2 霍尔线性电路的功能框图图 3 霍尔线性电路UGN3501 的磁电转换特性曲线差动霍尔电路(双霍尔电路)，它的霍尔电压发生器由一对相距2.5mm 的霍尔元件组成，其功能框图见图6。

图 6 差动霍尔电路的工作原理图使用时在电路背面放置一块永久磁体，当用铁磁材料制成的齿轮从电路附近转过时，一对霍尔片上产生的霍尔电压相位相反，经差分放大后，使器件灵敏度大为提高。

用这种电路制成的汽车齿轮传感器具有极优的性能。

摘要中国已经成为世界汽车保有量较大的国家之一，机动车消耗的原油占国家整个原油消耗量的比例逐年提高，同时，由机动车尾气排放造成的环境污染也日益严重。

解决这一难题最可行的方法就是发明一种绿色环保的新型汽车，由此，混合动力汽车进入人们的视野。

专家估算，使用混合动力汽车，和普通汽车相比，至少可节油10%到30%，可见，使用和推广混合动力汽车技术有极其可观的现实意义，关系到国计民生。

我国的混合动力汽车技术研究起步较晚，但是已经取得了很多成就，国内的很多院校和科研院所都具备了一定的研发能力，我国的混合动力汽车技术正飞速发展，车用动力电机系统的开发是混合动力汽车动力系统、供电系统以及解决燃油污染问题等的技术的关键。

本文所阐述的使用霍尔传感器的车用永磁同步电机控制技术就是针对混合动力汽车技术中核心的永磁同步电动机控制提出的一种新的控制方法，目的是在降低系统成本的同时提高永磁同步电机的控制精度。

本使用霍尔传感器的车用永磁同步电机控制技术已经申请专利，本发明专利属于机电领域，具体涉及一种车用永磁同步电机控制方法。

车用动力电机系统是专门为混合动力汽车设计的提供动力的系统。

由于混合动力汽车的比较复杂的工况和启动时的大扭矩要求，对电机及其控制器要求有比较高的控制精度、快速的响应速度和能够迅速的在电动和发电的工况下迅速切换并具备大的转速范围。

这些要求使用永磁同步电机作为混合动力汽车的动力电机。

吉林大学硕1学位论文永磁电机运行时霍尔传感器只能得到60度分辨率的电角度，而永磁同步电机的精确控制需要得到连续角度信号，因此，直接使用霍尔传感器作为角度信号只能满足永磁无刷电机的控制要求，满足不了永磁同步电机的控制要求。

为实现永磁同步电机的精确控制，就要提高系统对电角度的分辨率，现在比较普遍的方法是通过旋转编码器或旋转变压器得到电机的实际运行电角度，以通过旋转编码器得到电机的实际运行电角度，电机控制器计算实际电角度最为方便，而采用旋转变压器也可以通过硬件电路得到和旋转编码器相同的信号。

英文文献Application of Hall Current Sensor1. IntroductionWith the expansion of urban population and the scale of construction, all electrical equipment increases, consumption increases, the city often overload the power supply equipment, power has become increasingly harsh environment, the power of the "test "more and more serious. According to statistics, everyday, electrical equipment have been about 120 times the power problems of various intrusive, 60% of electronic equipment from power failure. Therefore, the growing importance of power issues prominent. Originally as a supporting role, more power with less capital investment by manufacturers and researchers, the attention, power technology thus become a new technology.Today, small power equipment has been integrated more and more new technologies. For example, switching power supply, hard switching, soft switching, parameter regulation, linear feedback regulator, magnetic amplifier technology, numerical control pressure regulator, PWM, SPWM, electromagnetic compatibility, etc.. Direct promotion of the actual needs of the power technology continues to develop and progress, to automatically detect and display the current, and over current, over voltage and other hazards happens with automatic protection and more advanced intelligent control with sensor detection, sensor sampling, Sensing a growing tendency to protect the power supply technology to detect current or voltage sensors have come into being and by the majority of power in China began designers of all ages.2. The current sensor principle of workCurrent sensor can measure all types of current, from DC to tens of kHz AC, its working principle is mainly based on Hall-effect principle. (This article is mostly below zero flux principle of closed-loop product example)When the primary conductor through the current sensor, the primary current IP will produce magnetic field lines, the primary focus in the core air gap magnetic field lines around the air gap built into the core of the Hall chip can generate electricity andis proportional to the primary magnetic field lines the size of only a few millivolts of induced voltage, through follow-up this tiny electronic circuits into the signal edge current Vice IS, and there is the following relationship: IS * NS = IP * NP.One, IS-Vice edge current;IP-the primary current;NP-the primary number of turns;NS-Vice-side coil turns;NP/NS- turns ratio, and generally the NP = 1.1) Current sensor output signal Is the secondary side current IS, it is with the input signal (the primary current IP) is proportional to IS generally small, only 10 ~ 400mA. If the output current through the measuring resistance RM, you can get a side with the original. Current proportional to the size of a few volts of the voltage output signal. 2) Sensor supply voltage V AV A means the current sensor supply voltage, it must be within the scope defined by sensors. Over this range, the sensor does not work or reduce the reliability of the other, the sensor supply voltage V A is divided into positive and negative power supply voltage supply voltage V A + V A-. Should pay attention to single-phase power sensors, the power supply voltage is a two-phase supply voltage V Amin V Amin 2 times, so its measurement range for more than double compared to the sensor.3) Measuring range Ipmax.Range refers to the maximum current sensor measures the current value, measuring range is generally higher than the standard rating IPN.3. The main parameters of the current sensor.1) The standard rating IPN and rated output current ISNIPN refers to the standard current sensor can test ratings, with RMS that (A. R. M. S), IPN and sensors the size of the model. ISN means the current sensor rated output current, typically 10 ~ 400mA, of course, according to some specific models may vary.2)Offset current ISOOffset current is also called the residual current or residual current, it is mainly from the Hall element or electronic circuit operational amplifier instability caused byworking conditions. Current sensors in production, in 25 ℃, IP = 0 when the circumstances have been offset current to the minimum, but left the production line sensor will produce a certain size of the offset current. Product technical documentation referred to in the accuracy of the current increase has been considered the impact of migration.3) LinearityLinearity determines the sensor output signal (Vice-side current IS) and the input signal (the primary current IP) within the measurement is proportional to the degree of Nanjing Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Asahi current sensor linearity is better than 0. 5%.4) Temperature driftsOffset current ISO is calculated at 25 ℃, when the Hall electrodes surrounding temperature changes, ISO will make a difference. Therefore, considering the maximum offset current ISO is very important changes, which, IOT refers to the current sensor temperature drift performance of the table values.5) OverloadCurrent Sensor overload is occurring current overload, the measurement scope, the primary current will increase, and overload current duration may be shorter and the overload value may exceed the sensor allows the value of overload current value of sensor General measurement does not come out, but will not damage the sensor. 6)AccuracyHall-effect sensor accuracy depends on the standard rated current of IPN. At +25 ℃, the sensor measurement precision and the primary current has some influence, while assessment of sensor accuracy must also take into account the current offset, linearity, temperature drift effects.4. Sensor type, structure and installation methodSensors generally label "Sensor Model" and "production date" of two parts. "Sensor Model" is used to indicate the sensor model, rated measurements, the Working power supply and wiring instructions, "Sensor production date" is from the 8-bit digital form, indicating that the sensor in the month of production, lot (in January in the first several groups of products).Many sensors, each sensor shapestructure, size and so different, the following describes the structure and shape of several typical methods of installing wiring.1)25A Current Sensor25A current sensor a kind of small-scale sensors, can measure the rated current of 5,6,8,12,25 A, the primary pins can be connected in different measurements to determine the rated current of the number, see instructions.2)With a line current sensorSuch as the conventional current sensors, the sensors are generally positive (+), negative (-), measured end (M) and real (0) 4 pin, but with a line current sensor is not the 4 pin, but red, black, yellow, green 3-lead, corresponding to positive, negative, measuring terminal and ground. While most sensors have a bore, when measuring the primary current to wire through the bore. Pore size and product type, measuring current has a causal relationship between the sizes.No matter what type of current sensors, wiring installation pin the note should be conducted according to the instruction corresponding connection.①in the measurement of alternating current must be forced to use bipolar power supply. The sensor's positive (+) then the power supply "+ V A" side, then negative power "-V A" side, this access method is called bipolar power supply. Simultaneous measurement side (M) through the resistor connected power "0V" terminal (in terms of zero magnetic flux-type).②Measuring DC current, you can use a unipolar or single-phase electricity supply, be positive or negative and "0V" terminal shorted to form only one electrode phase of the situation.In addition, the installation must take full account of the use of products, models, measuring range, the installation environment. Such sensors should be installed in the heat of the situation is conducive.5. Improve the precision of measurementIn addition to install and connect, real-time calibration, note that the sensor working environment, through the following methods can also improve the measurement accuracy:1)The primary sensor wire should be placed in the center of the hole, try not to letbias;2)The primary sensor wire filled as completely as possible within the hole, do not leave gaps;3)Measurements of the current sensor should be close to the standard rating IPN, not that much difference. Such conditions, it is only a rating of very high hand sensors, and wish to measure the current value is lower than rating a lot, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, can be more than the primary wire around a few times, so close to the rating. For example, when used to measure the sensor 100A rated current 10A, in order to improve the precision of the original side of the sensor wire inside the hole in the center around 10 laps (normally, NP = 1; including the hole in the perimeter of, NP = 2; ... ...; around nine laps, NP = 10, the NP × 10A = 100A and the sensor rating equal to, which can improve the precision);4) When measuring the current value of IPN/10 for the time, at 25 ℃ still have high accuracy.6. Sensor interference immunity1) Electromagnetic fieldHall-effect current sensors, using the principle of the primary conductor of the electromagnetic field. Therefore, the following factors directly affect the sensor is affected by external electromagnetic interference.2) Sensor in the vicinity of an external current size and current frequency is changed;3)External wires and sensors from the external conductor shape, location and sensor Neihuo Err electrode position;4) Installation of sensors used with or without magnetic materials;5) Whether the current sensor used to shield;In order to minimize the interference of external electromagnetic field, preferably as described above require the installation of sensors.7. Sensor calibration1) Offset current ISOOffset current to be IP = 0, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃under the conditions of calibration, (bipolar power supply) terminal, and the measurement ofvoltage VM must be met:VM ≦ RM × ISO2) AccuracyIn the IP = IPN (AC or DC), the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensors bipolar power supply, RM resistance was measured under the conditions of measurement. 3) Protection of testShort circuit in the measuring sensor to measure open circuit, power supply open circuit, the primary current overload, power accident conditions can be inverted to be protected. Test on the above example:①Measurement of short circuitThe test must be IP = IPN, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensor two-way power supply, RM for the practical application of the resistance under the conditions, the output and to accept a switch, the switch should be closed within a minute and turn on .②Measurement of open circuitThe test conditions for IP = IPN, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, sensor two-way power supply, RM is the practical application of the resistance under the conditions, the output resistor connected with a switch, switch S should be completed within one minute closed / Open the switch was.③Power unexpected inversion testTo prevent accidental power inversion Ershi sensor is damaged, specialized in the installation of circuit protection diode, the test can use the multimeter to test diodes at both ends, test should be IP = 0, the ambient temperature T ≈ 25 ℃, the sensor is not powered, Measuring resistance is not connected conditions. Can be tested using the following two methods:The first: red table in his writings connected sensor multimeter "M" side of the table in his writings connected sensor multimeter black "+" end;Second: then sensors multimeter red tables to pen negative, multimeter sensor M Black tables to pen then end;In the test, such as multimeter whistle, indicating diode is damaged.8. Sensors calculateThe main current sensor is calculated as follows:NPIP = NSIS; calculate the primary or secondary side currentVM = RMI; calculation of measuring voltageVS = RSIS; calculated secondary voltageV A = e + VS + VM; calculation of the supply voltageWhere, e is the diode voltage drop across the internal and the output transistor, different types of sensors have different e values. Here we only HNC-300LT example, such a sensor turns ratio NP / NS = 1 / 2000, the standard rated current value of IPN = 300A rms, power supply voltage V A in the range of ± 12V ~ ± 15V (± 5%), Vice-side resistance RS = 30Ω, in the bipolar (± V A) power supply, the sensor measurement range> 100A and no power supply to prevent accidental reverse protection diode case,e = 1V. Under these conditions:1) for a given supply voltage V A, calculation and measurement of resistance measuring voltage VM RM:Hypothesis: power supply voltage V A = ± 15VAccording to the formula was:Measuring voltage VM = 9. 5V;Measuring resistance RM = VM / IS = 63. 33Ω;Vice-side current IS = 0. 15A.So when we use 63. 33Ω resistance measurement, the full amount in the sensor measurements, the output current signal is 0.15A, measuring voltage of 9.5V.2) For a given supply voltage and resistance measurements to calculate want to measure the peak current;Hypothesis: power supply voltage V A = ± 15V, measuring resistance RM = 12Ω, Are: VM + VS = (RM + RS) × IS = V A-e = 14VAnd: RM + RS = 12W +30 W = 42W,Vice-side is the maximum output current: ISmax = 0. 333AThe primary peak current: IPmax = ISmax (NS / NP) = 666AThis shows that under these conditions, the sensor can measure the maximumcurrent that the primary peak current of 666A. If the primary current is larger than this value, although the sensor does not measure it, but sensors would not be damaged. 3) Measurement of resistance (load resistance) can affect the sensor's measurement range.Measuring resistance of the sensor measurement range effects also exist, so we need to carefully select the measuring resistor. Calculated using the following formula measuring resistance:Which, V Amin-after deducting the minimum supply voltage error;e-sensor internal transistor voltage drop;RS-Vice-edge sensor coil resistance;ISmax-the primary current IP for the maximum current value when the secondary side.In addition, we recognized the following formula can be selected by the stability of the sensor.If V Amin does not meet the type, will cause instability in the sensor. If this happens, we can overcome the following three ways:①the replacement of the power supply voltage is greater;②reduce the measured resistance value;③replace the sensor into a smaller sensor RS.For example, certain types of current sensors, the standard rated current IPN = 1000A, the turns ratio of NP / NS = 1 / 2000, e value of 1.5V, Vice-side resistance RS = 30Ω, measuring resistance RM = 15W, with a 15V unipolar power supply. Then V A = 30V (unipolar bipolar power supply is 2 times), and:IS = IP × NP / NS = 0. 5AVS = RS × IS = 15VVM = RM × IS = 7. 5VThrough the above test, we can see in this condition, the sensor measurements to ensure stability. It can measure the primary current maximum (ie, measuring range) = 1267A9. Concluding remarksElectrical equipment increased in urban and rural power supply due to repair aging equipment situation, urban and rural areas would often unstable voltage, short circuit, over current and other phenomena, resulting in inconvenience to people's lives and equipment damage. Power use in the detection sensor can make a more compact power supply, intelligence and safety.Power to today, has been integrated electronics, power integration, automation, materials, sensors, computer, electromagnetic compatibility, thermal and many other technical areas of the essence, we have reason to believe that the power in the 21st century technology, the sensor will also play a crucial role, so the current sensor application and design development, sensors workers should be given adequate attention.Hall Current Sensor for its various models, wider range (current 5 ~ 10000A; voltage of 5 ~ 5000V), high accuracy, high sensitivity, good linearity, standard, easy to install, anti-interference ability, reliable, MTBF MTBF long time, etc., in various fields especially in the field of locomotive traction and industrial applications is worth customers.中文翻译霍尔电流传感器的应用一、前言伴随着城市人口和建设规模的扩大，各种用电设备的增多，用电量越来越大，城市的供电设备经常超负荷运转，用电环境变得越来越恶劣，对电源的“考验”越来越严重。

密级公开学号200840513052衡水学院毕业设计霍尔传感器在汽车电子中的应用论文作者：指导教师：系别：：物理与电子信息系专业电子信息工程年级：级提交日期：2012年5月18日答辩日期：2012年5月30日霍尔传感器在汽车电子中的应用摘要：本文介绍了霍尔传感器在汽车电子中的应用，设计了基于霍尔传感器与单片机AT89C2051结合来实现电机转速的测量。

完成了霍尔传感器测量电路的设计和显示电路的设计。

测量转速的传感器与装有磁铁的转盘保持好一定的位置，转盘每转一周，霍尔传感器采集一定量的脉冲信号，把采集好的脉冲信号输入到单片机中进行数据处理，经过处理后实现电机速度的测量。

在显示电路设计中，通过1602实现在LCD上直观地显示电机的转速值。

硬件与软件配合，实现了测速。

仿真实验证实了所设计的硬件电路及软件程序的正确性，满足设计要求。

关键词：霍尔传感器；测速；单片机IITitle：Application in Automotive Electronics of Hall SensorAbstract:This article introduces the application of the Hall sensor in automotive electronics, and designs a motor speed measurement system based on Hall sensor with the microcontroller AT89C2051. The design of the Hall sensor measuring circuit and the display circuit are completed. the speed measurement sensor and turntable equipped with a magnet maintain a certain location, dial each revolution, the Hall sensor is going to collect a certain amount of pulse signals, and those pulse signals collected input to the microcontroller for data processing, after treatment, achieve the speed measurement of motor. You can achieve the measurement of motor speed. The motor speed value is displayed visually on the LCD by 1602 in display circuit design. Speed measurement is achieved by the combination of hardware and software. The simulation results show the correctness of hardware circuits and software programs designed and they meet the design requirements.Keywords: Hall Sensor; Speed Measurement; MCUIV目录摘要 (II)Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... I V 1 绪论 . (1)1.1 引言 (1)1.2 国内外传感器的发展现状及发展方向 (1)1.3 传感器未来的发展趋势 (1)1.4 传感器在汽车电子中的应用 (2)2霍尔传感器的原理 (3)2.1 关于霍尔原理的解释 (3)2.1.1 霍尔效应的定义 (3)2.1.2 霍尔效应的发现 (3)2.1.3 霍尔效应的解释 (3)2.2霍尔传感器的构成及分类 (4)2.3.1 线性型霍尔传感器的构成及特性 (4)2.3.2 开关型霍尔传感器的构成及特性 (5)2.4 霍尔传感器的应用 (6)3霍尔传感器在汽车电子系统中的应用 (7)3.1 霍尔传感器在汽车测速中的应用 (7)3.1.1 工作磁体的设置 (7)3.1.2 工作原理 (7)3.2 霍尔传感器在防抱死制动系统(ABS)中的应用 (7)3.2.1 ABS的工作模式及结构形式 (8)3.2.2 ABS的工作原理 (8)3.3 霍尔传感器在点火系统中的应用 (9)4霍尔传感器测速设计 (11)4.1系统总设计要求 (11)4.2系统模块结构 (11)4.3 总体硬件设计 (12)4.3.1 硬件流程图 (12)4.3.2 硬件电路设计 (12)4.4系统子模块介绍 (14)4.5 软件设计 (16)4.6 系统的仿真 (18)结语 (21)参考文献 (22)致谢 (23)VI1 绪论1.1 引言霍尔传感器是利用霍尔效应实现磁电转换的一种传感器，它具有灵敏度高、线性度好、稳定性高、体积小和耐高温等特点，在机车控制系统中占有非常重要的地位。

焦作大学自动检测技术霍尔传感器机电工程学院电气自动化四班姓名：乔永生学号：1001014342011年12月摘要在工业生产和试验过程中，经常会遇到各种转速的测量和控制问题。

多数情况下可以通过电磁或光电等方法，将转速测量转变为频率测量。

测量频率的方法有很多，不同的方法各有不同的适用范围。

近年来随着电子技术的迅速发展，工业测控设备不断更新，频率测量的方法和设备也有新的进展。

在实际应用中，选择不同的技术设计方案，效果可能相差甚远。

本文以普通电机的转速测量为例，利用霍尔传感器作为转速检测元件，并利用设计的调试电路对霍尔转速传感器输出的信号进行滤波和整形,在经过频率测试仪的分析得到电机的转速。

实际测试表明，该霍尔传感器测试系统能满足普通的电机转速测试要求。

一引言近年来，随着科技的发展，各种用电设备增多，用电量越来越大，用电环境需求精密，对电流的检测要求日益严格，为了自动检测和显示电流，并在过流、过压等危害情况发生时具有自动保护功能和更高级的智能控制，具有传感检测、传感采样、检测电流或电压的传感器，即霍尔感器便日益被广泛应用于变频调速装置、逆变装置、UPS电源、逆变焊机、变电站、电解电镀、数控机床、微机监测系统、电网监控系统和需要隔离检测大电流、电压的各个领域中。

霍尔转速传感器的应用优势：霍尔转速传感器的应用优势主要有三个，一是霍尔转速传感器的输出信号不会受到转速值的影响，二是霍尔转速传感器的频率相应高，三是霍尔转速传感器对电磁波的抗干扰能力强，因此霍尔转速传感器多应用在控制系统的转速检测中。

同时，霍尔转速传感器的稳定性好，抗外界干扰能力强，如抗错误的干扰信号等，因此不易因环境的因素而产生误差。

霍尔转速传感器的测量频率范围宽，远远高于电磁感应式无源传感器。

另外，霍尔转速传感器在防护措施有效的情况下，可以不受电子、电气环境影响。

霍尔转速传感器的测量结果精确稳定，输出信号可靠，可以放油、防潮，并且能在温度较高的环境中工作，普通霍尔转速传感器的工作温度可以达到100℃。