综合英语教程(第三版)BOOK2-课文译文 11.第十一单元

综合英语教程第三版第二册Unit11课文重要词组单词Unit 11Detailed study of the text1. to go through(1) to pass or complete(a stage) 经历，经受，通过（考试等）Y our suggestion has to go through several stages.(2) to undergo /suffer .He has gone through such a lot since his parents died..cf. Let’s go through（仔细检查discuss in detail）the arguments again.The police went through(search搜查) the pockets of the suspected thief.2. to be meant to do sth ----- to be supposed to do sth (to be intended to do sth )The boy is so clever that he is meant to go to the first-rate university(of our country).cf. I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings .I didn’t mean to（intend to）.Y our friendship means a great deal to me.(I value it highly )3. concentrate on ----to fix one’s attention on (sth, someone or doing sth)Please be quite, I’m trying to concentrate on my work.Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas.cf. We must concentrate our efforts on(direct firmly on (a subject) (focus on ,keep on)) finding ways to reduce costs.4. to resign oneself to —to be prepared to accept (sth/doing sth often unpleasant ) 使听从于，使顺从Y ou must resign yourself to your fate .你必须任命听天由命。

《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文Unit 1Text等候的人们我坐在一个机场，观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。

他们有的不安地来回走着，有的互相凝视着，有的拉着对方的手。

此时的感情是强烈的。

一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着，想要将全家人集中起来道别。

她的嗓门很高。

当登机前的最后时刻到来时，她用双臂搂着儿子，似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。

在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子，该来接他们的人还没到。

他们旁边有两位女士，互相之间显然没有关系，但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。

一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。

泪水打湿了她的面颊。

这时刻十分令人动情。

在第13号出口处，抵达者们刚刚进站。

“我看见她了，她在那儿。

”以同样感人的激情，这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群，仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。

泪水、笑容，和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。

我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻，感到有点孤独，因为亲人与我的时间不配；而我要去见的人，我的女儿，却在我旅程的另一端。

我在回想往日的离别和重逢。

忆起我看见女儿，就是我现在要去见的女儿，正从那狭窄的通道走过来，肩上背着背包，怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊，带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。

她当时上大学一年级，11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。

我紧紧地拥抱着她，似乎我曾失去过她。

今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。

手里的书今天读起来没劲，不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。

一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。

他一点点往上看，半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。

一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒，我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。

当我的航班终于呼叫登机时，我收起书本和行李。

既然无人相送，我就没有回头看看来时的方向，而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞，在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。

Unit 1 Text A一堂难忘的英语课1如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。

对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。

2我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。

这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。

我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4没了。

所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。

5关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。

学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're 之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary 之间显而易见的差异。

由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。

6学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。

举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary （静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery （文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。

朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。

实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。

因此，批评学生不合乎情理。

7对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。

学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。

可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。

还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。

学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。

8因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。

1. If your friend is in a new dress or buys a new mobile phone which you dislike intensely, and asks for your opinion about it, what will you say? Why do you think people lie?2. If somebody lies to you for your own good, how would you feel?At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told.One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535.The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative's opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other's feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret." Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common.For example, 20,000 middle-and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics — anonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California, devoted to character education. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 per cent characterized themselves as "serial liars," meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 per cent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character."Think how often we hear the expressions "I'll call you" or "The check is in the mail" or "I'm sorry, but he stepped out." And then there are professions —lawyers, pundits, public relations consultants —whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients' needs.Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a corporate executive whom I'll call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-law's home for a holiday dinner every year. Tom dislikes her "special" pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings."What's wrong with that?" Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. It's a question we might all ask.Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-law's point of view. Suppose that one day Tom's child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, "Thank you for caring so much"? Or is she more likelyto feel hurt and say, "How could you have misled me all these years? And what else have you lied to me about?"And what might Tom's mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Tom's boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don't really mean it? Surely, these "nice lies" are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, "What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive."Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. "After the first lies, others can come more easily," she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. "Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar's perception of his chances of being caught may warp."Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasn't just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.Who believes it anymore when they're told that the person they want to reach by phone is "in a meeting"? By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence.Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.Once they've become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. "When [trust] is damaged," warns Bok, "the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse."Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, "like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party," Josephson says. "Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good."Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined?And if you're not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends."New words:volunteerv. to give or offer (one's help, a suggestion, etc.) willingly or without being paidprofessv. to make a claimfeignv. to pretend to have or bepreoccupationn. the state of constantly thinking or worrying about somethingprevaricationn. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decisionseriala. of, in or forming a number of things, events, etc. of a similar kind, especially placed or occurring one after anotherethicsn. moral correctness; moral principlespunditn. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expertconsultantn. a person who gives specialist professional advice to othersfibn. a small unimportant liedeceitn. dishonest act or statementlubricantn. a substance such as oil which cause a machine to operate more easilytanglev. to make or become a mass of disordered and twisted threadswear downto reduce or become weaker until uselessperceptionn. the ability to see, hear and understand; the quality of understandingwarpv. to (cause to) turn or twist out of shapeproliferationn. a rapid increase in the amount or number of somethingcynicismn. the belief that people always act selfishlyfalterv. to lose power or strength in an uneven way, thus no longer making much progressassociaten. a person who is connected to another person as a businesspartner, colleague, or companionunderminev. to gradually make somebody or something less strong or effectiveconfoundv. to confuse and greatly surprise people, causing them to be unable to explain or deal with a situationastoundv. to make somebody very surprised or shocked, especially with (news of) something completely unexpected。

综合英语教程3第三版课后翻译八：1. 在传统戏剧《白蛇传》里，白蛇以美女化身来到人间，爱上了许仙，与之结为夫妻。

(in the shape of) 1. In the traditional Chinese opera, The White Snake, the white Snake comes down to the earth in the shape of a beautiful girl and falls in love with Xuxian to whom she gets married later.2. 她一看到血就会头晕。

(at the sight of)2. She feels dizzy at the sight of blood.3. 他今天上课时不停地打盹。

(drowse)3. He kept drowsing off in class this morning.4. 他全盘道出了两家不和的事实。

(relate)4. He related the whole story of the long-standing dispute between the two families.5. 她一想起她那死于车祸的孩子就泪水涟涟。

(at the thought of)5. She would burst into tears at the thought of her child killed in a traffic accident.6. 我突然明白他原来是想帮助我。

(dawn on)6. It dawned on me that he was actually trying to help me.7. 他们三人藏身的岩洞仅有两米高。

(no more than)7. The cave for the three of them to hide in was no more than two metres high.九：1. 那天晚上詹姆斯(James)和你一起吃晚饭了吗？(in question)1. Did James have supper with you on the night in question?2. 教练对比赛的最终结果表示满意。

8一匹马和两只山羊的故事在印度有一个叫基瑞坦的小村庄，在村口屹立着一座魁伟的守护神，它的样子像一匹奔腾的骏马，高扬着头，前蹄腾在空中，尾巴挥舞成圈。

就在这个特殊的日子里，一个老人正在附近一个仙人掌的阴凉下打着盹儿，照看着一对正在这贫瘠的土地上吃着草的山羊；不巧，老人被一个观光的人吵醒了，只见那人见到那尊雕塑，便走下旅行车，奔向那匹色泽亮丽的马。

“我的天啊！真是不可思议！”那个人惊叹道，一边绕着雕塑慢慢的走着。

只见他的脸被太阳晒的有些发红，身穿一件军黄色卡其布衬衫和短裤。

当觉察到老人的出现，他用英语礼貌的说了声：“你好！”而老人没能听明白他说的是什么意思，便用他唯一的交流方式——纯正的泰米尔语回应了一句，道：“我叫慕尼，这两只山羊是我的，而且是我唯一的东西！”“我来自纽约，请问你又听说过美国吗?”赤面人又接着说道。

老人恭敬地说：“如今什么事情都可能发生，坏人到处都是！”赤面人瞥了一眼山羊，顺手掏出了一支香烟，问道：“你抽烟吗？”“直到昨天我才听说这件事,”老人矜持的答道，看着那人的军黄色服装，心里觉得他正在被来自政府的警官质问关于邻近的一桩谋杀案。

“我相信你一定知道这尊马制作的时间了。

”美国游客一脸得意地说道。

面对这种随和的气氛，老人自我嘲解地笑了，推脱道：“别傻了，这位先生，我真的是什么都不知道，而且我们的村庄一向以来都有好的口碑，我想一定是其它村庄的人干的！”“请不要误会，”美国游客急切的说道。

“我三周前就到这里了，我一路欣赏你们美丽的乡村风光，到现在差不多已经游历了5000里路了。

”接着他又详细讲述了是什么吸引他来到这个乡村、他是如何喜欢这个乡村、在国内他都做些什么、他计划了几年的印度之旅以及他人生的梦想等等，只言片语他都讲述得特别认真，时不时地他还停下来优雅地笑一笑。

老人回敬一笑，但却一语不发，接着他便转身要走。

赤面人拽住他的肩，热情的说：“那尊雕塑是你的吗？你可以把它卖给我吗？”老人意识到他所指的是那匹马。

第十一单元TEXT中医（选自B·Ward的《医学的历史》，出版社：Anness Publishing Ltd. 2002.）中医已有上千年的历史，几乎没有受到外界其他医疗系统的影响。

《内经》（医书）是古代一本关于医学的书籍，传说是由4000多年前的统治者——黄帝编写而成。

更为可信的说法是此书完成于公元前200年，自此奠定了中国医学文献的基础。

中医主要是基于“阴”“阳”的概念，而“阴”“阳”又代表着两种对立的状态和条件。

其中“阴”象征着雌性、黑暗、潮湿等状态，而“阳”则与之相反，象征着雄性、光明、干燥等状态。

《内经》认为“阴”和“阳”控制着人的身体，正如一个小的“国家”既有统治者又有管理者。

中国有许多伟大的河流，这个“小国”同样有12条河流作为自己的交通系统，而这些河流又被分成了更小的经脉（通道）用以输送血和气（生命力）。

这些经脉连接着身体的各个器官。

例如，肾脏和耳朵相连，肺部和鼻子相连，而心脏则和舌头相连。

当这些通道有条不紊的工作时，身体就呈现健康状态。

沿着经脉分布着的穴位可以影响“气”的流动。

正如印度教一样，中国的宗教不提倡解剖。

正因如此，医疗主要基于这些经脉及其对身体的影响。

针灸就是一种常用的治疗方法，用针刺入体内上百个穴位中，这些穴位会影响“气”的运行。

针灸的方法可以刺激“气”的流通进而帮助身体恢复健康，有时在这些穴位所在的皮肤表面燃烧一些锥形的干草药，也能达到同样的效果。

针灸治病的方法已经沿用了4500多年，此法一直是中医的核心，同样也被西方采用，特别用于治疗疼痛和瘾症。

中医主要依赖于草药疗法。

许多草药也被西医采用，例如蓖麻油、樟脑、大风子树油可以用来治疗麻风病，铁可以治疗贫血。

众所周知，人参是中国的兴奋剂，用后可使人精力旺盛。

古代的中国人还发明了接种疫苗的方法用以治疗天花。

他们从天花中提取的少量脓汁注射到健康的人体内，使之产生轻微的疾病症状进而对深度感染形成免疫力。

欧洲直到公元1700年才发现了接种疫苗的方法。

新编实用英语综合教程第三版2（全）句子翻译第一篇：新编实用英语综合教程第三版2(全)句子翻译大学英语2 1)美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。

Americans usually make plans for their retirement well in advance.2)他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手。

They are commonly regarded as the most promising singers.3)我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话。

I’ve heard from your references that the employer had called them.4)请告诉我们具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备。

Would you please inform us the exact date so that we can make proper arrangements.5)我们对出席派对人数的估计与实际来的人数相差了一大截。

Our estimate of how many people would show up at the party missed by a mile.6)只要不成为阅读负担，你的报告可以包括足够多的细节。

Your report can include enough details without being a burden to read.Page21: 6.Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.1.▲Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable.(虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。

Unit 11On Becoming a Better Student(abridged)Donna Farhi Schuster1 As students we expect a great deal from our teachers. We expect them to be enthusiastic. We expect them reliable. We may even have expectations that they be endless repositoriesof skill and knowledge from which we may partake at will.2 As a teacher I have come to feel weighted by these expectations and have begun to see that it is really not possible to teach. All the words and theories and techniques are of no use to students who have yet to open themselves with receptivity and to take it upon themselves to practice. So in a sense I have given up trying to “teach, ”for I 've cometo believe that the greatest thing I can offer my students is to help them learn how tofind themselves through their own investigation.3 Many factors come together to make a fine student. Find someone you think is extraordinary, and you will find many, if not all, of the following qualities. People who learn a great deal in what seems like a very short time embody these qualities.4 Curiosity Such people are tremendously curious. The whole world is of interest to them, and they observe what others do not. Nobel Prize-winner physician Albert-Gyorgyi put it well when he said, “Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different. ”With this curiosity comes an “investigative spirit ”; the learning is not so muchthe acquisition of informationas it is an investigation —a questioning, a turning over of the object of study to see all sides and facets. It is not knowing in the sense of having a rigid opinion, but theability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Gyorgyi suggests, and to form a new understanding based on that observation.5 Discipline Any discipline —but especially those with great subtlety and complexity, like yoga or t 'ai chi —can be a lifelong pursuit. Persistence, consistency, and discipline are required. Without these, our learning is but forth without substance. There are no shortcuts. The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer to admire in others) is the satisfaction of having tasted the fullness of completion, or thethrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success. Perhaps, though, our culture is in need of redefining what it means to study. If we can look at our chosen discipline or craft as an ongoing process rather than as a discrete accomplishment, the potential for learning can be infinite. With this attitude we may find ourselves treating even the most mundane discovery with wide-eyed wonder and joy.6 Risk-Taking Whyis it, then, that so few people live up to their true potential? Beyond the well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footing —and unfelt pleasures. To be a student is to take risks. Yet most education discourages people from venturing far enough to take risks to make mistakes.“Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods, ”observes educator Neil Postman. What kind of punctuation mark do you represent? Do youfind yourself looking for tidy answers that give you a feeling of security? By learning to find the one right answer, we may have relinquished our ability to find other answers and solutions. We learn, then, not to put ourselves into situations where we might fail, because failure has tremendous social stigma. When we try different approaches and do things that have no precedence in our experience, we will surely make mistakes. A creative person uses these “failure ”as stepping stones.7 Initiative Can we begin, then, to see that our teachers are guides on our journey, but that the journey itself is our own responsibility? There is nothing quite sosatisfying as undergoing a difficult process and after long hard work discovering the true nature of that process. It could be as simple as throwing a perfect pot, or as complex as formulating a new theory of physics. The satisfaction we feel will be directlyproportional to amount of work we do by ourselves to achieve our goal. Successful students do not expect to be spoon-fed, but take their own initiative.Wanting answers from my teacher has often been a way for me to avoid taking the initiative to discover my own answers through my own practice.8 Enthusiasm To learn, then, is to open oneself. Jim Spira, director of the Institute for Educational Therapy in Berkeley, California, asks his students to prepare themselves to learn in this way: Drop your prior knowledge •…[and] attempt to grasp the new frameworkin its own context. The student complains, ‘But I know what is important. 'If what you know is important, then it should be there when youfinish the course. If you continually ‘hold onto it, 'then you 'llonly see what ispresented in terms of the old knowledge/framework and never really grow in new ways. ”9 Finally, as we each advance on our own unique journey, let us live each day as beginners. Being “advanced”has its own pitfalls —among them complacency and pushing or forcing. To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature. AsF.M. Alexander, of the Alexander technique, once said to his students as theystrained and labored, “Give up trying too hard, but never give up. ”10 TIPS FOR THE ASPIRING STUDENTThe information that follows is designed as a guide. The author welcomes correspondence from those who can add to it.Be attentive. Teachers will usually go out of their way to help a self-motivated and interested student.Be seen. If you want the teacher to know that you are serious, sit or stand in the front of the class. Make eye contact and introduce yourself, either before or after class.Be on time. Consistent lateness is a sign of disrespect. If you take your teacher 's skill so lightly, why should he or she take you seriously? Missing the beginning of class can also be physically dangerous if you have missed explanations and work meant to prepare you for more difficult movements. Be consistent. The quality of any class improves when there is a collective commitment to regular attendance. In this way you can gain a cumulative knowledge and progress at a more rapid pace. On a morepractical level, your attendance may be your teacher 's livelihood.Listen with your whole body. We have come to treat words like the background noise ofa radio. Plant words in the pertinent area of your body so that information can be“embodied ”.Appreciate constructive criticism. Rememberwhy you're there —to break throughrestrictive habit patterns and to change. Teachers usually reserve the most scathing criticism for their most promising students!Questions can help clarify and enrich both teacher and student if the student 'squestions are pertinent. If, on the contrary, the student is asking questions because he or she is late or inattentive, the student is being disrespectful to the teacher and fellow classmates and is consequently lowering the quality of the class. Highlypersonal questions with little relevance to the subject at hand are best asked after class.You have the right to disagree —but you do not always have the right to express it.Sometimes it is appropriate to challenge a teacher. It is unethical, however, toargue with a teacher or badger a teacher in public. If you thoroughly object to what is being taught, you are free to leave and learn elsewhere.Let your teacher know how much you appreciate him or her. Teachers need encouragement like everyone else. Giving them feedback when something has proved particularlybeneficial or injurious to you can help them improve the quality of their teaching.优秀学生是怎么炼成的（节选）唐娜法伊舒斯特1. 作为学生我们对老师期望甚高。