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大学英语自学考试教程下册0015自考英语二课后习题答案 unit1Unit 1(英语二)Text AExercises for the TextI.1.d 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.dII.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany4.implement5.preccedent6.attain7.objectives 8.vary 9.multiple10.isolateIII.1.c 2.d 3.i 4.j 5.g 6.e 7.h 8.a 9.f 10.bIV.our ; helped ; form ; front; to; passed; it; same;V.1.Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the future.2.Some people think that everything managers do involves decision making.(or Some people think that everything managers do has something to do with decision making.)3.If there are no correct alternatives ,there are no correct decisions to be made.4.Since different people have different ideas about the same problem ,so the approaches to it vary from person to person.5.Decision makers usually hold the key to the business development of the company.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simply d.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedII.1.preccdent2.skilled3.achievement4.implement5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish 8.accompanies 9.tendency10.ongoingIII.1.His friend accompanied him to a concert.2.He has argued her out of her decision.3.he owed his success in part to luck.4.According to his suggestion ,the formalities have been much simplified.5.The broadcasting station predicts that it will turn cold tomorrow.6.Motion is defined as a change in position or place.Text BExercises for the TextI.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TII.1.preparation; confidence2.idea3.unattractive indifference4.hardworking; personality; interest5.speechless6.holidays; pay7.clean; neat; conservative9.politely; naturally10."I beg your pardon?" or "Could you please repeat it?" etc. Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down 8.to your advantage 9.neat10.prospects 11.take the trouble to 12.place Grammar ExercisesI.1.连词；让步状语从句。
Unit 1 Text A Critical Reading Some information历史上的中国人信奉“腹有诗书气自华”，如今的中国却被国民的低阅读现状所困扰。
各种比较让“不阅读”成为“中国人”今年的又一个定语。
先是有数据称，犹太人平均每人一年读书64本，中国人扣除教科书平均每人一年读书连1本都不到。
接着有新数据指出，北欧国家人均年阅读量达到24本，而我国年人均阅读量仅为6本。
再接着，一名旅居上海的印度工程师孟莎美的文章《令人忧虑：不阅读的中国人》，在网上引起热议。
2012年，我国18~70周岁国民人均纸质图书的阅读量为本。
而韩国人均年阅读量约为11本，法国约为本，日本~本，美国本。
is it ?are they doing?II. Text Learning①(1)Critical reading applies tonon-fiction writing 定in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves(包含)more than just （不只是，不仅仅是） understanding 宾what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning（质疑）and evaluating（评估） what the author issaying , and forming(形成)your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）阅读纪实文学适合用那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的非虚构类写作。
Unit 1 The Power of LanguageText A Critical Reading批判性地阅读（翻译）批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。
批判性阅读是积极阅读。
它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。
成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
考虑写作背景。
你所读的可能是和你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是和你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。
无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度和作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。
质疑作者的论点。
不要轻信作品的表面意思。
在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。
找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。
另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。
和同主题文章进行比较。
查看该作者的文章和其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。
如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。
分析作者提出的假设。
假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。
很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。
一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。
鉴别文章出处。
鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。
例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。
此外还要确保出处具有相关性。
如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。
最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。
例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。
甄别作者可能带有的偏见。
有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。
作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。
阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。
也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。
成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。
Unit 1·The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.决策的目的是为了建立并达到组织的目的和目的。
·Managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.管理者经常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，尽管不存侥幸。
·For managers，every decision has constraints based on policies，procedures，laws，precedents，and the like.对于管理者来说，每次决策都是受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。
·But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.但是这种简化倾向会他们对于其他的可选项视而不见。
·Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中哪一个是最好的—哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。
·Different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals，the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.·Because different individuals frequently have different ideasabout how to attain the goals，the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.因为个人通常会就如何达到目标持不同见解，所以最佳选择往往取决于谁来决策。
·When presented with a common case，sales managers tend to see sales problems，production managers see production problems，and so on.当面对同一件事例时，销售部门经理易于看到销售问题，生产部经理则会看到生产问题，如此等等。
·People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.人们通常认为决策是一个孤立的现象。
·The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgment.文学批评家在分析和评价时应该尽量不偏不倚。
·She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。
·I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。
·Although he thought he was helping us with the job，he was only in the way.虽然他以为他在帮我们干这件事，但他只是在碍我们的事。
Unit 2·The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.我们通常用来描述科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。
·Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞，但任何物质不能从黑洞中逃脱。
·Some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。
·This process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results.收缩的过程可能非常强烈一致产生黑洞。
·It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.只是近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。
·Very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。
·He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.他已经尽了全力以达到自己的目标。
·He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。
·The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。
·The research group launched out into a series of new experiments.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。
Unit 3·Each time it is shown，the program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.每次播放都引起对这个问题的全国性大辩论。
·In addition to this，a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met.此外，还必须有一名医生证实这些标准已经得到满足。
·In the vast majority of euthanasia cases，what the patient is actually asking for is something else.·Euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying.·Anything that legally allows the shortening of life does makethose people more vulnerable.法律上允许缩短生命的任何做法只会使这些人更易受到伤害。
·Instructions will be sent immediately on request.说明将按要求立即寄出。
·Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。
·She bore the whole burden of raising two children alone.她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。
·Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.学生家庭作业负担过重。
·The committee demands that no member （should）be absent.委员会要求任何成员不得缺席。
Unit 4·Of these 20，000，just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.·In one of them， a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.·I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount.·My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.·Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.·So if they do complain，they risk being deported.·It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.·The student exploits every possibility to learn English.这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。
