【VIP专享】Cultural Differences in Speech Act45

Differences In Speech Acts Between China and English-speaking Countries:As relationships between people differ greatly owing to various cultures, cross-cultural communication is very difficult. Many factors cause these differences, one of which is language. Since the differences exist between Chinese and western cultures, the expressing ways, even the meanings words vary in different degrees from country to country. For instance, people in English-speaking countries like to speak in more frankly way comparing with Chinese. But Chinese prefer to say in a mild tone. So I list several differences in cross-cultural communication by comparing them between Chinese and people inEnglish-speaking countries.As speech acts and speaking rules change with the different culture, there are great differences incross-culture between China and English-speaking countries. In appellation, expressing thanks and apology, compliments, people in different countries have their own ways of expressions.1 Differences in appellationIn China, people never call names of the elders, their teachers or parents directly. If they do so, they will be considered to be impolite. This is Chinese tradition to show respect to the elders. But people in English-speaking countries show their close relationship in different way.Generally saying, Chinese has appellation with clear meaning, while English-speaking people have indistinct appellation. For example, Chinese calls brothers of mother “舅舅”; younger brothers of father“叔叔”; or older brothers of father “伯伯”, while people inEnglish-speaking countries calls brothers of their parents “uncle”. Chinese calls sisters of mother “姨”; sisters of father “姑姑”, but in English, “aunt” ref ers sisters of parents. Chinese calls mother’s mother “姥姥”; father’s mother“奶奶”, in English, “grandmother” means mother of parents. Chinese calls mother’sfather“姥爷”; father’s father “爷爷”, in English, “grandfather” includes both. From these examples, you can see part of differences in appellation between different nations.Additionally, Chinese children call parents’ friends or colleagues“叔叔”“阿姨”, children inEnglish-speaking countries seldom or never do that. People in English-speaking countries let their children call colleagues or people of the same status “Sir” “Madam”. People in English-speaking countries have a tradition to form “small family”. After growing up, children leave their parents and form their own families. But Chinese has the tradition of living together and so large family draws more attention. Chinese care so much for the relationship between relatives that they like to call those who are not family relatives in this way, while people inEnglish-speaking countries are different.2 Differences in greetingsWhen meeting on the way, people always greet to each other, it is the common ceremony of the whole world. In this way, people keep the relationship between each other and express their care for others. But different countries have various cultures, which can be embodied in the content, words and ways of greetings.It is common for Chinese to say “Do you have lunch? (你吃过饭了吗)?” or “Where are you going?(你去哪儿?)” However, if you say so to a person in English-speaking countries, you will be misunderstood. There is a joke aboutit. One day, an interpreter accompanied several American correspondents to visit a craftsman in Shandong province, China. When entering a courtyard, the host said: “Do you have lunch? (吃饭了吗)?” And the interp reter translated it word by word to the foreigners, who were dumbstruck. They looked at their watches, then turned to the interpreter with puzzled expressions. It was just half past three, and they had no entertainment, why did the host say that? This mistake was caused by the cultural differences. In English-speaking countries, unless they want to invite you to have dinner with them, they will not ask whether you have dinner or not. But Chinese do not know this. Of course, you also can not speak “where are you going? (你去哪儿了?)” to a foreigner. If you say so, they will think you want to interfere in their private matters; if not, why you ask their destinations. When facing this condition, they will give you no reply or even say unhappily that: “It is none of your business!”Now maybe you wonder how the people in theEnglish-speaking countries greet each other. They usually use “How are you?” or simply “Hi!” Sometimes, they say: “It is a fine weather today!” or “It is a terribleweather today, isn’t it?” but they do not really want to talk about weather with you, it is just greetings. Sometimes, they say: “How is everything?” or “How is your family?” Yet you need not report things about you and your family to him. Saying so is just as a form to show his concern to you or your family.In addition to these, Chinese also have greetings like “Coming back? (回来了?)” “Going out? (出去呀?)”“Playing basketball?(打球呢?)”. People in English-speaking countries do not understand why Chinese say nonsense like these. Now that you know well, why you ask? But Chinese accept it as commonplace.3 Differences in expressing thanksExpressing thanks is a way to keep and improve the relationship in communication and is the common formality all over the world. In this way, you can see somebody’s politeness and the good education. When others do you a favor, whether it is great or trivial, you should express your thanks. In every country, the tradition is the same but the ways and the content of expressing thanks are different under various cultural backgrounds.People in English-speaking countries thank everyonewho helps them, including their relatives, good friends, parents, or even children. The expressions usually are as follows:Thanks.Many thanks.Thanks a lot.Thank you very much.Thank you very much indeed.I really do not know how to thank you enough.The tone of expressing thanks is gradually strong. What is worthy of our attention is that people inEnglish-speaking countries express their thanks by using the most suitable words. If they can express in one sentence, they do not use two. They do not change ordinary thanks to particular thanks. Because they know excessive thanks make others uncomfortable and meanwhile, you will give others the impression of dishonesty.However, Chinese seldom express thanks to people who have close relationship with them, such as good friends, parents and children. Sometimes, they show their thanks in this way, saying “Are you tired? (你累了吧?)”“You have been working hard! (辛苦了!)” “Please have a rest!(快歇歇吧!)” in which there is no such word “Thanks (谢)”. If they do say “Thanks(谢)”,people will feel their relationship is not so close. Moreover, in Chinese tradition, it is the duty for subordinates and younger generations to offer services to the superiors and the elders. So expressing thanks is unnecessary. Though China has long been known as the “land of ceremony and propriety”, asking young people to offer free services is not as good as people in English-speaking countries do.4 Differences in making apologiesPeople all over the world lay emphasis on the function of making apologies. In communication, when offending, disturbing, damaging, hurting, or troubling others takes place, people always use an apology to make up for the mistake. By making an apology, people can mediate the conflicts and remove the misunderstanding between people. For these reasons, both Chinese and people inEnglish-speaking countries give it more attention, but their ways to make it are different.People in English-speaking countries always adopt the following to express their apologies:Excuse me.Will you excuse me for a few minutes?Excuse me for smoking here.I am sorry.Sorry about that.Sorry for not phoning you.I am very /so /terribly /awfully /extremely sorry for that.I cannot tell you how sorry I am.This kind of apologies is for showing regret for something or doing something. In this situation, you should explain you have done that unintentionally.I beg your pardon.Pardon me.Pardon me for sneezing.I do beg your pardon for the mess I have made.A thousand pardons for taking up so much of your time.Please forgive me.Please forgive my carelessness.Please forgive me for having lost your book.This kind of apologies expresses your intention to ask for the forgiveness from the other.I apologize.I must apologize for my rudeness /fault /mistakes, etc.I must beg to apologize for the delay.I have got to apologize for troubling you so much.I must take an apology for loosing my temper.May I offer you my profoundest apologies?May I offer you my sincerest apologies for the wrongs I have done you.This kind is the more formal group. The first kind is used most often by people who apologize for the triviality. When the matter is serious, people choose the last two groups to show their sincerity.But in Chinese, there are no detailed expressions for saying apologies. If they make a mistake, they just apologize in an honest way. Besides, Chinese is a people who value their faces very much, so they often make an apology in round about way, for they can not only remedy their misdoings but also save faces. In China, it is easy to understand.5 Differences in answering complimentsPeople use compliments to solid the relationship between them in communication. Though both Chinese and people in English-speaking countries compliment othersalmost in the same ways and in the same occasions, the differences in answering compliments do exist.By and large, as Chinese is a people with modesty, they incline to accept in an indirect way or refuse compliments in communication, especially in public occasions. For example, two females have not seen each other for a long time, when they meet again:Female 1: Sister Xiaoli, you are still as young as before. (丽姐,你还是那样年轻,那样漂亮,一点儿也没变样。

Cultural Differences in Polite Speeches between East and West 1.IntroductionPolite Speeches are widely present in our daily life. It not only embodies a person's accomplishment, but also embodies a nation, a nation's civilization. Every country and every nation has its own history of civilization,so we can clearly hear the different Polite Speeches from around the world.As an observable phenomenon, politeness is something superficial and is recognized as a norm in all societies.People in every culture are trying to be polite when communicating. But if you know more about them, you will find differences between East and West.Only by fully understanding their own culture, understand and respect his country's culture in order to achieve successful communication.2.Analysis & Usagea.What is Polite Speeches?“Polite”is the idea and acts of harmony between people, and conversation and behavior on other people respect and a friendly expression.It can be obtained, Polite Speeches is language form of expression about“Polite”.b.The Influences of Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures on Polite Speeches.parison of Chinese and Western culturesNations of the world's geographical and lifestyle are different, have different cultures. Today, the type of world culture in general can be divided into East and West two categories. Eastern culture with Chinese culture, followed by Indian culture; Western culture, to European and American cultures. Many similarities and differences between each other, where the main areas only in respect simple comparison.①HistoryDuring the five thousand years of Chinese culture, origin consistent, since the Yao, Shun and Yu to Confucius before into Orthodoxy, enduring, rare in the world. Han and Tang later, though subject to external cultural influences, the core has not as yet been fixed.Western culture from three sources: the Greek culture (which originated from ancient Egypt, Babylon and Aegean culture), the Roman culture, the Hebrew culture (it consists of Judaism and the Evolution of the Christian culture.)It later added the Italian Renaissance thought, and became the modern Western culture. So it's the source complex and changing.②National characterChina's geographical environment and multi-ethnic composition of the same ethnic characteristics of the Chinese people easily create man and nature, respect for nature, formed within, mean character.Western kind of complex, changing and more good fight with nature, and character, distinct personality.③EconomyChinese culture, the economy is agriculture-based culture. So they like the static, light commercial, the lack of expansion of psychological.Western culture began in a small and poor in Greece can not rely on living resources.However, the sea surface adjacent to facilitate trade.Therefore, the commercial develop earlier and faster and mercantilism greater impact.④EthicsEthics of Chinese culture is based on father and son ，and then it expanded to monarch and his subjects, couples, young and old, friends. With particular emphasis on filial piety. Asians are very particular about the title on illustrates this point.Different from Western ethics, the main two things: first, the most important is not self-cultivation, but to play a character. Second, there are no loyalty and filial piety ethical concepts. Few Seniority Rules, respectively, as everyone is equal, heavy majority.⑤PoliticsChinese people always advocate the rule of man. For demands of people are more than demands of law.The ancient Greek tradition of the rule of law, a thousand years after the middle of twists and turns, and finally gradually evolved into the modern rule of law.⑥LanguageThe characteristics of Chinese characters are a sound word that has a Pronunciation and a shape. Its disadvantage is not easy to master, spread of education; advantage is with art, thus the development of unique Chinese character calligraphy.Western text of letters spell Easy to read and write, easy to spread, is conducive to the spread of science and culture. But it is difficult in endowing its artistic quality.⑦Academic thoughtChinese culture with Confucianism as the center, even if there was contending, but is "self-examination" based.Western cultural emphasis on science，and it make material become the main object.It aimed to conquer nature, but it is less emphasis on self-cultivation.⑧ReligionChina's less developed religion and the West more developed.⑨ArtsA man and Nature idea in China is far-reaching. In China, poetry, calligraphy, painting isn’t divided, so they went in for harmonious beauty.The West is different, their culture mainly from Christianity, advocated separation between nature and man, the pursuit of individual liberation.C.The main scenarios differences between East and WestPolite Speeches between East and Western have differences mainly in the dailygreeting and farewell, sympathy language, all call, taboos and privacy and the attitude when praised by other.⑴Greeting and Farewelli. Greeting：In the West, acquaintances and friends greeting commonly used term is "How are you doing?", "What's up?", "Hi!" And so on.In Chinese, although in recent years by the influence of Western culture, people, especially among young people also used "hi!" Hello, but the usually more traditional "去哪儿?", "吃了吗?”If the Chinese greeting direct translation into English of the West, said: "Where are you going?", "Have you eaten?” will find out who they think is their privacy and that the Chinese people rude.ii. Farewell：In the West，farewell commonly used term is“Bye！”，“See you！”，“It's been a pleasant day”，“I wish you good luck”and so on. In Chinese, Chinese people when parting usually say"好走", "慢走", "一路顺风" to show courtesy.However, if we say in English "Go slowly", "Walk well"，it will make foreigners very confusing.In this way, we want to express the meaning of courtesy and not to understand other side; therefore, we lost the real meaning of communication.⑵Sympathy LanguageIn order to distinguish between Ease and Western, we look at two simple examples.Seeing others pale, weak comparison, the Chinese people will care to say: "You ill?" Or "Where are you ill?"In the English would say: "you seem rat her pale, are you ok?”It is not simply translated from the Chinese "Are you sick?", This phrase not only make not people feel concerned about, What is more, give rise to resentment of others.Similarly, to the station or to the airport to meet people, especially when not known, the Chinese man said politely say: "you must have been very tired!"However, the English would not say so.Say so, it make foreigners unhappy listening, they will think we feel that his body was not strong enough.In English, they would say "did you enjoy your trip?", "How was your trip?”and so on. From these differences, we can see that China's sympathy language is more direct than English, and the English expression is more euphemistic than Chinese.⑶All AppellationsThe appellation in Chinese is more complex than the English appellation. Chinese people call older people than their own age, to show courtesy and respect will often call with relatives’ appellations , such as "nurse Aunt", "Police uncle," "Uncle Zhang", "Grandma Wang" and so on.But in English, there are simply no such appellations.If you see a similar age with his father and youcall him “uncle”, that will make foreigners think you got the wrong person in, or you are neuropathy. And in Chinese, among acquaintances use always“old/little+family name”, as expressed feel of affability. However, in west, age is secret. So that is taboo.Besides, we often use “family name+occupation”, such as“Li doctor”, “Wang manager” and so on. In west, except for few occupations，such as doctor, professor, they use basically “Mr. , Mrs. ,Miss. ,Ms. ,sir…”.Chinese polite principle about introducing yourself and other people is that we firstly respect other, and then turning in ourselves. But in west, there have nothing about it.⑷Taboos and PrivacyIt is very important for us to know their taboos and privacy, when we communicate with people in west. Whether in English or in Chinese, the "death" is a very taboo word.English has "at rest, be gone, go home", and many other euphemism to replace the words "die".There are, for example, people use "break wind, ass air," instead of "fart"; said "ladies, vamp, JC," not directly say "Ladies’ room" "vampire" "Jesus Christ", etc. These are to polite and Taboo.In addition, some topics to talk about in China are normal, but in the West are seen as invasion of privacy, rude, such as: marriage, family, age, income, politics, religion.⑸the attitude when praised by otherChinese and Westerners are complimented the performance of the attitude from the language is very different.We give a simple example: "you are sobeautiful!”--" no, no,I'm flattered. "In general, when be praised, the Chinese language will not be used to answer with "thank you", but take the negative, implicit, or shirking ways; while Westerners hear the praise and say "thank you", They thank to other through saying “Thank you”.3. ConclusionFrom the above analysis, we can see Polite Speeches in the East and the West is a considerable difference. In a certain extent, it can influence our communication. But whether Western or Eastern, courtesy is a symbol of civilization.It to maintain social harmony and good human relations play an important role. Although the eastern and western cultures have different, but the mainstream of development are mutually inclusive.Therefore, we believe that through careful understanding of each other's culture, communication can be successful.Reference:(1) 1997．顾日国．礼貌、语用与文化[J]外语教学与研究，1992，(4)．(2)Leech，Geoffrey. Principles of Pragmatics [M].London: Longman, 1983.(3)He Zhaoxiong. Study of Politeness in Chinese and English Cultures [J] Foreign Language, 1995(5).(4)罗宁霞，英汉礼貌语言与文化价值观[J]，宁夏社会科学，2000（6）.(5)韦琴红,从礼貌特征看中西文化差异[J].临沂师范学院学报,2001(3).。

英汉两种语言和文化的差异英语作文Differences Between the English and Chinese Languages and CulturesIntroduction:Languages and cultures are closely connected as they shape the way people think, communicate, and interact with each other. English and Chinese are two of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and they come from very different language families with distinct grammar rules, writing systems, and cultural influences. In this essay, we will explore the differences between the English and Chinese languages and cultures.Grammar and Syntax:One of the most striking differences between English and Chinese is their grammar and syntax. English is anIndo-European language with a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, while Chinese is a Sino-Tibetan language with asubject-predicate-object (SPO) word order. This means that the structure of sentences in English and Chinese is quite different, leading to challenges for learners of both languages.Another key difference is the use of articles in English. English has definite (the) and indefinite (a/an) articles, which play a crucial role in determining the specificity of nouns. In contrast, Chinese does not use articles, which can cause confusion for Chinese learners of English.Writing Systems:English and Chinese also differ significantly in their writing systems. English uses an alphabetic system with 26 letters, while Chinese uses logograms, or characters, to represent words or phrases. Chinese characters are complex and require memorization of thousands of unique symbols, whereas English letters are relatively simple and can be combined to form words.Cultural Influences:Language and culture are intertwined, and the differences between English and Chinese cultures are reflected in their languages. For example, English is characterized by its directness and emphasis on individualism, while Chinese values politeness and harmony in communication.In English, it is common to express opinions and assert oneself confidently, even in disagreement. In contrast, Chinese communication tends to be more indirect and nuanced, with anemphasis on maintaining social harmony and saving face. This can lead to misunderstandings between speakers of the two languages.Similarly, cultural differences are reflected in expressions and idioms in English and Chinese. For example, English idioms often refer to animals or sports, reflecting a culture that values competition and individual achievement. In contrast, Chinese idioms are more likely to reflect traditional values such as filial piety and humility.Pragmatics and Communication Styles:Pragmatics, or the study of language use in context, also plays a crucial role in understanding the differences between English and Chinese. For example, the use of politeness markers, such as honorifics and deferential language, varies between English and Chinese. In English, politeness is often signaled through tone of voice, intonation, or word choice, whereas Chinese uses specific honorifics and titles to show respect.Moreover, communication styles differ between English and Chinese speakers. English speakers tend to prioritize clarity and efficiency in communication, while Chinese speakers may prioritize relationship-building and context in their interactions.These differences can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunications in cross-cultural interactions.Conclusion:In conclusion, the English and Chinese languages and cultures are distinct in many ways, from grammar and syntax to writing systems, cultural influences, pragmatics, and communication styles. Understanding these differences is essential for effective intercultural communication and language learning. By embracing and appreciating the diversity of languages and cultures, we can bridge the gap between English and Chinese speakers and foster mutual understanding and respect.。

Cultural Differences in the Translation of English and Chinese IdiomsIntroductionIdioms are a set of fixed expression_rs peculiar to a nation formed through the use of language over along period of time ,including colloquialisms, proverbs, slang expression_rs and so on, making up one of the essential parts of language of that country. Chinese and English speaking countries especially Great Britain have a long history of languages and the background of cultures. Most of idioms are vivid, carrying strong local color or national features. Some of them are explicit; some are implicit and can arouse varieties of associations; some may contain more than one meaning and must be judged from the context. If language is the minor of culture, idioms, as the essence of language, are the quintessence of culture. Therefore, the quality of translation largely depends on the translation of idioms. Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e. the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. However, language and culture are closely are connected. On the one hand, language is part of culture and carrier of culture. On the other hand, culture has great influence on language. Therefore, with the development of translation, people no longer consider translation merely as a switching of language symbols, but as a cross-cultural communication. That is to say, the switching of language symbols is the surface level of translation, whereas cultural transmission is the essence of translation. Idiom translation is the most typical in translations field.Content1. Reasons of the same idioms have differences meaning.●Cultural differences of English and Chinese idioms●Different living environment●Different traditional customs●Different material cultures●Religious differences●Different historical allusions2 Specific strategies used in idiom translation2.1 Literal translationLiteral translation refers to a full representation of the original when the original coincides with the target language idiom in the sequence of lexical items, grammatical structure and rhetorical device. Literal translation faithfully conveys the meaning of the original and at the some time keeps the full flavor of English idioms. This is the ideal solution. Let us look at one examples:② When she was young, she was an ugly duckling, but now she is a beautiful lady.A. 小时候，她长得很丑，而现在成了一位美丽的妇女。

Cultural Differences: A Perspective from aHigh School StudentIn today's interconnected world, cultural differences are more apparent than ever. As a high school student, I have had the opportunity to encounter and understand various cultures through school activities, travels, and interactions with people from diverse backgrounds. This experience has not only broadened my horizons but also taught me the importance of respecting and embracing cultural differences.Firstly, the differences in customs and traditions are a striking aspect of cultural diversity. For instance, in some cultures, greeting someone with a handshake is customary, while in others, a bow or a kiss on the cheek is preferred. Similarly, dietary habits and festivals vary widely across cultures. In some parts of the world, rice is a staple food, while in others, wheat-based dishes are more common. These differences reflect the unique history, geography, and way of life of each culture.Moreover, language is a powerful tool that reflects cultural differences. Different languages have their uniquevocabulary, grammar, and expressions that shape the way people think and communicate. Learning a new language not only helps us understand a culture better but also broadens our cognitive abilities. It allows us to appreciate the subtleties and nuances of different ways of thinking and expressing ideas.However, the existence of cultural differences does not mean that one culture is superior to another. Each culture has its strengths and weaknesses, and it is essential to appreciate the uniqueness of each culture while respecting its values and beliefs. It is through mutual understanding and respect that we can build bridges of friendship and cooperation across cultures.As a high school student, I believe that it is crucial to be aware of and sensitive to cultural differences. We should strive to be culturally literate and informed, so we can navigate the increasingly globalized world with confidence and respect. By understanding and embracing cultural diversity, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious society where everyone feels valued and respected.In conclusion, cultural differences are an integralpart of our world's rich tapestry. As high school students, we have the responsibility to appreciate, respect, andlearn from these differences. By doing so, we can become more tolerant, understanding, and globally aware individuals, contributing to a more interconnected and peaceful world.**文化差异：高中生的视角**在当今这个互联互通的世界，文化差异比以往任何时候都更加明显。

中戏文化差异英语作文英文回答：Cultural differences are intriguing and fascinating aspects of human societies that make life more colorful and diverse. They emerge from a multitude of factors, including history, geography, religion, and social norms. Understanding and bridging these differences is essential for fostering meaningful connections, promoting harmony, and building a more inclusive and empathetic world.One of the most notable cultural differences I have encountered is in communication styles. For instance, in some cultures, people tend to be more direct and explicit in their speech, while in others, they prefer to use indirect and subtle language. This difference can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations if not handled with sensitivity and cultural awareness.Another significant cultural difference lies in theconcept of time. In some cultures, punctuality is highly valued, and people adhere to strict schedules. In contrast, other cultures have a more relaxed approach to time and may not place as much emphasis on promptness. Understanding these variations can help avoid frustration and build stronger relationships.Social customs and norms also vary significantly across cultures. For example, in some societies, it is considered polite to make eye contact when speaking, while in others, it may be perceived as disrespectful or challenging. Similarly, the rules surrounding personal space and physical touch can differ drastically. Being mindful of these differences and adapting one's behavior accordingly demonstrates respect and cultural sensitivity.Religious beliefs and practices are another source of cultural differentiation. Different religions have their own unique rituals, festivals, and dietary restrictions. It is important to be respectful and tolerant of these practices, even if they differ from one's own beliefs. Understanding the origins and significance of religioustraditions can foster greater appreciation and empathy.Cultural differences can be a source of both challenges and opportunities. Embracing them with curiosity, openness, and a willingness to learn can lead to personal growth, broaden our perspectives, and strengthen our connectionswith others. By bridging these differences, we create amore inclusive and vibrant society that celebrates the richness and diversity of human cultures.中文回答：文化差异是人类社会中有趣且引人入胜的方面，使生活更加丰富多彩。

文化差异在英语演讲中的体现Cultural Differences Reflected in English Public SpeakingAs the world becomes more interconnected, communication among individuals from different cultural backgrounds has become increasingly important. One platform where cultural differences become particularly apparent is in the realm of English public speaking. English, being one of the most widely spoken languages globally, is often used as a lingua franca in international conferences, symposiums, and business meetings. However, the diverse cultural backgrounds of speakers inevitably shape their presentation styles, affecting the effectiveness of communication. This article aims to explore how cultural differences manifest in English public speaking and the implications they hold for effective cross-cultural communication.To grasp the intricacies of cultural differences in English public speaking, it is crucial to understand the concept of high-context and low-context cultures. High-context cultures, such as those prevalent in Asia and the Middle East, place significant importance on indirect communication and rely heavily on shared contextual knowledge. On the other hand, low-context cultures, commonly found in Western societies, emphasize direct and explicit communication, relying less on shared understanding. These differences in communication styles often become evident when individuals from diverse cultures engage in English public speaking.One aspect of cultural differences that impacts English public speakingis the varying levels of formality. In high-context cultures, speakers may adopt a more formal style, using elaborate language and employing anindirect approach to convey their message. For instance, in Chinese culture, speakers often emphasize humility and modesty, frequently using self-deprecating language to appear humble and respectful. This can be observed in the inclusion of phrases such as "I may be wrong, but..." or "I'm not an expert, but..." at the beginning of presentations. Such modesty is deeply ingrained in the culture, and it is seen as a desirable trait. However, in low-context cultures, directness and clarity are valued, and speakers are more likely to use straightforward language and assertive statements to convey their ideas.Another significant aspect of cultural differences in English public speaking is non-verbal communication. Facial expressions, gestures, and body language often accompany spoken words and contribute to effective communication. However, the interpretation of these non-verbal cues varies across cultures. For instance, in Western societies, eye contact is considered a sign of attentiveness and honesty, while in some Asian cultures, prolonged eye contact may be seen as disrespectful or intimidating. Similarly, hand gestures that are deemed acceptable and natural in one culture may be misinterpreted or offensive in another. Therefore, speakers from diverse cultural backgrounds must be aware of these differences in order to avoid potential misunderstandings and promote effective cross-cultural communication.The use of humor is another area where cultural differences are salient in English public speaking. Humor can be an effective technique to engage the audience and make a lasting impression. However, what is considered funny varies across cultures, and a joke that resonates with one audience may fall flat with another. Cultural references, wordplay, and idioms are frequentlyemployed in comedic delivery, but these elements may not translate well beyond one's own cultural sphere. Speakers must exercise caution when relying on humor in cross-cultural settings, ensuring that jokes are culturally sensitive and inclusive to avoid inadvertently causing offense or confusion.Furthermore, cultural norms and values influence the structure and organization of presentations. In some cultures, such as those with a Confucian heritage, hierarchical relationships play a significant role, and speakers may choose to establish their authority and credibility at the beginning of their speech. This can be done by highlighting one's achievements or credentials. Meanwhile, in other cultures, such as those with a more egalitarian orientation, speakers may prefer a more egalitarian approach, focusing on building rapport and engaging the audience. Adapting the structure and approach of a presentation to align with the cultural expectations of the audience can greatly enhance the effectiveness of communication.In conclusion, cultural differences in English public speaking are inevitable given the diverse backgrounds of speakers. These differences manifest in various aspects, including formality, non-verbal communication, humor, and structural approaches. Understanding and navigating cultural disparities is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication, as it aids in minimizing misunderstandings and fostering meaningful connections. By acknowledging and embracing the richness of cultural diversity, speakers can ensure that their message resonates with and engages audiences from across the globe, ultimately promoting harmony and understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.。