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英国文学知识简介(English Literature)一、中古时期英语文学（Old and Medieval English Literature）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 英国中古时期主要的文学作品（《贝奥武甫》，《高文爵士与绿色骑士》）2) 主要的作家、作家概况及其代表作品2．英国中古时期的主要作家杰弗里?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰?德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
）二、英国文艺复兴时期文学（The Renaissance Period）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、代表作品及其语言风格2) 名词解释：十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗2. 英国文艺复兴时期主要作家：埃德蒙?斯宾塞Edmund Spenser （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
）托马斯?莫尔Thomas More (欧洲早期空想社会主义的创始人，以其名著《乌托邦》而著名)克里斯托夫?马洛C hristopher Marlowe （代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》根据德国民间故事书写成;完善了无韵体诗。
）威廉?莎士比亚William Shakespeare （英国著名剧作家、诗人，著有“四大悲剧”）弗朗西斯?培根Francis Bacon （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）约翰?邓恩John Donne （“玄学派”诗人）约翰?弥尔顿John Milton（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》）三、英国新古典主义时期文学（The Neoclassical Period）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 主要作家及其主要作品、作品的艺术特色及其文学流派。
2) 启蒙运动产生的背景。
2．英国新古典主义时期文学主要作家：约翰?德莱顿John Dryden（批评家和戏剧家；在英国被封为第一位“桂冠诗人”；最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的"英语偶句诗体",成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。
英国文学简介英国文学是指在英国境内或由英国作家创作的文学作品。
英国文学源远流长，有着悠久的历史和丰富的内涵。
它的发展可以追溯到中世纪，受到了古希腊罗马文化和基督教传统的影响。
英国文学的黄金时期可以追溯到16世纪的文艺复兴时期。
在这个时期，伟大的作家如莎士比亚、培根和斯宾塞等纷纷涌现。
莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等至今仍被广泛演出和研究。
培根是一位重要的哲学家和文学评论家，他的作品深刻地揭示了人性的复杂性和社会的问题。
斯宾塞以其叙事诗《仙后》而闻名，被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的叙事诗之一。
17世纪是英国文学史上的重要时期，这一时期被称为“启蒙时代”。
英国文学在这个时期经历了繁荣和变革。
约翰·米尔顿是这个时期最杰出的作家之一，他的史诗《失乐园》被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的作品之一。
另外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》和丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》也是这一时期的重要作品。
18世纪是英国文学的黄金时代之一，这个时期被称为“浪漫主义时代”。
浪漫主义文学强调个人情感和想象力的表达，代表作家有威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·柯勒律治、约翰·济慈等。
他们的作品追求真实的自然描写和人类内心的探索，对后世文学产生了深远的影响。
19世纪是英国文学的高峰时期，也被称为“维多利亚时代”。
维多利亚时代的文学作品丰富多样，代表作家有查尔斯·狄更斯、夏洛蒂·勃朗特、奥斯卡·王尔德等。
狄更斯的作品描写了维多利亚时代社会的贫困与不公，他的小说《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》至今仍然广受欢迎。
勃朗特姐妹的作品《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》也成为经典之作。
王尔德则以其幽默和机智的作品闻名，他的戏剧作品《温莎的风格》和《道林·格雷的画像》都具有独特的魅力。
20世纪是英国文学的现代时期，代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、J·R·R·托尔金等。
Lecture 2 English & American Literature◆Old and Medieval English Literature（8th century—14th century）中古英国文学1.Old English ---language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons, which is the foundation of Englishlanguage and literature.2.Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》—the most impressive long poem (3000 lines). A heroic Scandinavianepic legend. Pagan heroism. 异教英雄主义3.Prose WritersVenerable Bede 比德—Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum英吉利人教会史Alfred the Great 阿尔弗烈德大帝—father of English ProseAnglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史4. Romances传奇故事---the prevailing form of literature in the Middle ages. A longcomposition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The Gawain poet –Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》5.Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里.乔叟)The father of modern English poetryThe 14th century is called ―Age of Chaucer‖His works:The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》—a collection of stories told by pilgrims. It is influenced by Boccaccio’s Decameron (薄伽丘的《十日谈》)英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》The House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》6.William Langland (威廉.兰格伦)The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》—in the form of dream vision7.The 15th Ballads 民歌，民谣The Robin Hood Ballads 罗宾汉民谣集8.Thomas Malory 托马斯.马洛里–Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》◆The Renaissance Period (14th century- Mid 17th century) 文艺复兴时期1.Renaissance—originated in Italy. Humanism became the keynote of this period.2.The real main stream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama.3.English poetsa)Thomas Wyatt 怀亚特The most interesting poet of the first half of 16th centuryb)Henry Howard 亨利.霍华德c)Sir Philip Sidney 菲利普.雪尼爵士i.Arcadia 阿卡狄亚ii.Astrophel and Stella阿斯特罗菲尔与斯特拉iii.Defense of Poetry为诗辩护d)Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙. 斯宾塞The poets’ poetHis worksThe Faerie Queen《仙后》—the glory of the Queen Elizabeth, in the form ofallegory 《寓言》The Shepherd Calendar《牧羊人日志》Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗体—a nine-line verse stanza (ababbcbcc)4.English prose1)Thomas More 莫尔–Utopia乌托邦2)John Lyly 约翰.黎里—Euphuism 夸饰文体（abundant use of balanced sentences,alliterations, and other artificial prosodic means; the use of odd similes and comparisons）3)Francis Bacon培根the trumpeter of a new age (in the transition from late Middle Ages to modern Europe)England’s first essayistHis essays: Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Wisdom5.English dramaChristopher Marlowe 马洛The greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the ―University Wits‖His play: The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》First made blank verse the principle instrument of English drama.6.William Shakespeare 莎士比亚Born in Stratford-on-Avon in 1564His comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》The Twelfth Night《第十二夜》His tragedies:Romeo and JulietHamlet—To be or not to be; the summit of ShakespeareOthelloKing LearMacbethThe TempestHis historical plays:Henry IVHenry VOne of the founders of realism in English literatureHis sonnets7.Ben Johnson 本.琼森The most important dramatist of many successors of ShakespeareV olpone《狐狸》—satirical comedy◆17世纪英国文学1.literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)—the main literary form is poetry1)The Metaphysical poets 玄学派诗人John Donne 约翰.多恩—the founder of the Metaphysical SchoolHis masterpiece: A Valediction: Forbiding Mourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》 George Herbert 乔治.赫伯特—the ―saint of the Metaphysical School‖2)The Cavalier poets（骑士）3)John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost—the greatest English epic 《失乐园》God & SatanSamson Agonistes《力士参孙》Paradise Regained《复乐园》4)John Bunyan 约翰.班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Known for his simple and lively prose style2.literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)John Dryden 约翰.德莱顿the founder of the heroic couplet 英雄史诗式两行诗England’s poet laureate 英国桂冠诗人The representative of English classicism◆18世纪英国文学1.the main literary stream of this century was Realism2.Enlightenment启蒙运动—the intellectual movement through Western Europe; the struggleof the bourgeoisie against feudalism3.Neo-Classicim in English literature 新古典主义1）writers of this school: Addison, Steel, and Pope2）important writers and literary worksAlexander Pope亚历山大.蒲伯An Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock 《夺发记》Essay on Man《论人类》Richard SteeleThe periodicals The Tattler《闲谈者报》(the founder) and The Spectator《旁观者报》—Steel and Addison’s chief contributionSamuel Johnson—grand champion in literature of that ageThe Dictionary of the English Language 《英语字典》The Lives of English Poets《诗人传》4.English Novelists of Realistic Tradition1）Daniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福The discoverer of the modern novel“Father of English and European novels.‖Robinson Cruisoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》—represent the rising of the English bourgeoisie2）Jonathan Swift乔纳森.斯威夫特A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Gulliver’s Travels《格利佛游记》—travel to the island of Liliput, Brobdingnagians and Houyhnhnms3）Henry Fielding亨利.菲尔丁The greatest novelist of the 18th centuryThe founder of English realistic novelsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》—Mr.Allworthy4）Tobias George Smollett 托比亚斯.斯摩莱特.乔治（以冒险小说著称）5.English Novelists of Sentimental Tradition1）Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森2）Laurence Sterne 劳伦斯.斯特恩The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy《项狄传》3）Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗.戈德史密斯The Deserted Village—his poem 《荒村》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德的牧师》6.Poetry of the Pre-Romanticism and Sentimentalism1）Romanticism2）Sentimentalism 感情主义3）Important writersJames Thomson詹姆斯. 汤姆森-- The Seasons《季节》Edward Young 爱德华.杨William Collins 威廉.柯林斯His best known ode is Ode to Evening《晚颂》Thomas Gray 格雷.托马斯Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》4）William Blake 威廉.布莱克浪漫主义诗人Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》5）Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯A Red, Red Rose《红红的玫瑰》Auld Lang Syne《旧日美好时光》The greatest songwriter in the worldThe people’s poet, the national poet of Scotland7.DramaRichard Brinsley Sheridan 谢立丹The greatest playwright of the centuryThe Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》a comedy◆浪漫主义时期文学Romanticism1.General introduction (1798—1832)The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the beginningthe death of the last romantic writer Walter Scott marked the endit is the age of poetryWordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats2.Romantic poets of the First Generation1）William Wordsworth 华兹华斯―Poet Laureate‖桂冠诗人Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》the joint work of Wordsworth and ColeridgeBest-known poems in Lyrical Ballads: Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺旁》，Lines Written in Early Spring《早春》Other famous poems: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 《我似流云天自游》&The Solitary Reaper《孤独的麦女》Famous longer poem : The Prelude《序曲》2）Samuel Taylor ColeridgeThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》Christabel 《克里斯特贝尔》3）Lakers or Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Robert Southey（骚赛）3.Romantic Poets of the Second Generation1）George Gorden Byron拜伦Lyrical poems:She Walks in Beauty《她走在美的光影里》When We Two Parted《昔日依依别》Hebrew Melodies《希伯莱歌曲》Long poems:Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德.哈罗尔德游记》Don Juan《唐璜》masterpiece2）Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》masterpieceHis odes: Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》—If Winter comes, can spring be far behind?To a Skylark 《云雀颂》3）John Keats济慈Ode is his main form of poetryOde to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂》Ode to Autumn 《秋颂》4.Prose writers of the Romantic Age1）Charles Lamb 兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》Old China《古旧的瓷器》His striking feature is humor2）William Hazlitt 哈兹利特The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays《莎士比亚戏剧中的人物》Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth《伊丽莎白时期的戏剧》Lectures on the English Poets《英国诗人》all the above are critical worksHis essays: My First Acquaintance with Poets《我与诗人的第一次接触》& On Goinga Journey《论出游》5.English Fiction in the Romantic Age1）Walter Scott 司各特Waverley 《威弗利》Rob Roy《罗布.罗伊》Ivanhoe《艾.凡赫》His death marked the transition from Romanticism to Realism2）Jane Austen 奥斯丁The first English woman novelistPride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Emma《爱玛》◆维多利亚时期文学1. General introduction1）a new literary trend—Critical Realism2）the main form—novels (Charles Dickens)3.Critical Realist novelists in Victorian Age1)Charles Dickens 狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特《雾都孤儿》;American Notes美国札记Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectatio n远大前程2)William Makepeace Thackeray 萨克雷Vanity Fai r名利场The title of the novel is taken from Bunyan’s Pilgrim Progress 3）The Bronte Sisters 勃朗特姐妹a)Charles Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特Jane Eyre简爱Shirley雪丽b)Emily Bronte 艾米丽. 勃朗特Wuthering Height呼啸山庄c)Anne Bronte 安妮. 勃朗特Agones Gre y艾格尼斯·格雷4）(Mrs.) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔Mary Barton玛丽·巴顿—his masterpieceRuth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传5）George Eliot爱略特, 女作家Adam Bede亚当·贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marne r织工马南6）Thomas Hardy哈代His novels –Wessex novelsUnder the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德7）Samuel Butler勃特勒The Way of All Flesh如此人生《众生之路》4.Victorian poetry—Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning are the representatives1）Alfred Tennyson丁尼生—the greatest poet in this periodThe Pricess 公主;In Memoriam H H 悼念哈拉姆;Maud 莫德;Enoch Arden 伊诺克·阿登;Idylls of the King 国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;Break,Break,Break拍岸曲2）Robert Browning 勃朗宁Men and Women男男女女His main works: My Last Duchess我的前公爵夫人Meeting at Night夜间相会His contribution to poetry: his dramatic monologue5.Victorian prose1）Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔The French Revolutio n; 法国革命Heroes and Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜2）John Ruskin 罗斯金作家和艺术批评家Modern Painters《近代画家》The Seven Lamps of Architecture《建筑的七盏明灯》Unto this Last《给那后来的》Sesame and Lilies《芝麻与百合》3）Matthew Arnold 阿诺德Dover Beach《多弗尔海滩》6.Working Class Literature in the 19th century1）Ernest Jones 琼斯—the greatest of the Chartist poets宪章派诗人2）William Morris莫里斯Novels: A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰·保尔;News from Nowhere乌有乡消息Poems: The Earthly Paradise地上乐园; Pilgrims of Hop e希望的探求者7.Literary Trend at the end of the 19th century1）Important termsa)Naturalism 自然主义–to develop out of realism; greatly influenced by Darwin’sbiological theories; Emile Zola 左拉（法）& George Gissing（吉辛）are therepresentativesb)New-romanticism 新浪漫主义–be against the idea that life reflects life reality.Stevensen史蒂文森is the representativec)Aestheticism 唯美主义—art is self-sufficient and has no reference to lifed)Decadence 颓废派文艺—the opposition of the democratic and socialist ideals. ―Artfor art’s sake‖Oscar Wilde is the representative2）Important writersOscar Wilde王尔德The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像a typical decadent novelThe Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子—童话◆现代时期英国文学1.John Galworthy高尔斯华绥The winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932His masterpiece-- The Forsyte Saga福赛特家史（The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租）2.George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳The greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th centuryWidoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion 皮革马利翁（卖花女）;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车3.William. Bulter Yeats叶芝Byzantium驶向拜占庭The Second Coming基督再临Leda and the Swan丽达及天鹅He won the Nobel Prize in 19234.Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特The Waste Land荒原Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三Four Quartets四个四重奏A merican--British5.David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯T he White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人—semi-autographical;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Love r查泰莱夫人的情人6.James Joyce乔伊斯Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wak e芬尼根的觉醒The stream of consciousness7.Virginia Woolf沃尔芙Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人To the Lighthouse到灯塔去The Waves浪Orlando奥兰多传A Room of One’s Own自己的房间;Three Guineas三个基尼亚—classics of thefeminist movement 女权运动8.William Golding戈尔丁Lord of the Flies蝇王9.Robert Tressell 屈赛尔The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists《穿着破裤子的慈善家》10.John James Osborne 詹姆斯奥斯本Look Back in Anger愤怒的回顾11.Samuel Beckett 贝克特Waiting for Godot等待戈多。
