动词过去式变化规则.ppt

动词过去式变化规则一.规则变化1.一般直接加-ed 如：work—worked2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d 如：live—lived3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed 如：study—studied4.以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed 如：enjoy—enjoyed5.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed 如：stop—stopped二.不规则变化1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切hurt hurt hurt 受伤hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读set set set 安置，安排spread spread spread 传播shut shut shut 关闭2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beaten 打3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑4. A ---B ---B型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/ learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思hear heard heard 听见（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费（3）其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买think thought thought 想fight fought fought 战斗sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜shine shone shone 发光catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教feel felt felt 觉得find found found 发现get got got 得到hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死/挂have had had 有hold held held 盛，握leave left left 离开make made made 制造meet met met 遇见shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉sell sold sold 卖smell smelt smelt 嗅，闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I.规则变化：1. 一般情况直接加ed,女口ask—asked, work—worked2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，女口love —loved, dance—danced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try —tried, study —studied4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词（以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母）,先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit —permitted注：A.以I结尾的动词，尾音节重读时双写I,如control —con trolled;尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel —traveled（美） /travelled（英）。

B. 特例：picnic —picnicked —picnicked（去野餐）,traffic —trafficked —trafficked（交易，在…通行）另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记.（见后）C. 读音与说明：①.-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped②.-ed 在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed③.-ed 在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]: wan ted, n eeded, admitted, permittedII. 不规则动词表（1AAA 型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost （花费）cost cost shut shut shut cut （割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat（英）hit （打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurtlet （让）let let put （放）put put read （读）read read（2AAB 型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat （跳动）beat beaten（3ABA 型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become （变成）became become awake awoke awoken come （来）came come run （跑）ran run（4ABB 型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig （挖）dug dug build built builtget （得到）got got/gotten catch caught caught hang （吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealt hang （悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed hold （抓住）held held find found found shine （照耀）shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden sit （坐）sat sat pay paid paid win （赢）won won send sent sent meet （遇见）met met shoot shot shot keep （保持）kept kept tell told toldleave （离开）left left build （建设）built builtsleep （睡）slept slept win won won sweep （扫）swept swept feel （感觉）felt felt smell （闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelledlend （借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sentspend （花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lostburn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn （学习）learnt learntmean （意思是）meant meant catch （抓住）caught caughtteach （教）taught taught bring （带来）brought brought fight （战斗）fought fought buy （买）bought bought think （想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heardsell （卖）sold sold tell （告诉）told toldsay （说）said said find （找到）found foundhave/has （有）had had make （制造）made madestand （站）stood stood understand 明白understood u nderstoo （5） ABC 型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin （开始）began begun take （取）took takendrink （喝）drank drunk mistake （弄错）mistook mistakenring （铃响）rang rung ride （骑）rode riddensing （唱）sang sung do （做）did doneswim （游泳）swam swum write （写）wrote writtenblow （吹）blew blown go （去）went gonedraw （画）drew drawn lie （平躺）lay lainfly （飞）flew flown see （看见）saw seengrow （生长）grew grown wear （穿）wore wornknow （知道）knew known be （ am, is, are ）（是）was, were beenthrow （投掷）threw thrown show （出示）showed shownbreak （打破）broke broken choose （选择）chose chosenforget （忘记）forgot forgotten （forgot）bear bore borne/bornspeak （说，讲）spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake （醒）woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive （驾驶）drove driven hide hid hiddeneat （吃）ate eaten lay laid laid 放置fall （落下）fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎give （给）gave given lie lay lain 躺rise （升咼）rose risen see saw seenshake shook shaken steal stole stolencan --- could may---might will---would shall---shouldmust --- mustleave （离开）left left build （建设）built built。

动词过去式变化规则一、规则变化1、一般情况下，动词词尾加—ed, 如：work—worked play-played want-wanted ask—asked talk—talked2、以不发音的—e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如:live—lived move—moved taste-tasted3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i，加—ed，如:study-studies try—tried copy—copied carry-carried4、重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed，如：stop—stopped二、不规则变化is am—was are-were do—did havehas-had go-went meet—met come-came take-took steal-stole eat—ate fly-fliew run —ran see—saw say-said make—made find-found stand—stoodsit-sat sing—sang drink—drank give-gave ring-rang swim-swamwrite—wrote ride-rode drive—drovedraw-drew grow-grew know—knewget—got forget-forgotsweep-swept keep—kept sleep-sleptspeak-spoke break—broketell—told sell—soldbuy—bought think—thought catch—caught teach—taught build-builtcan—could shall—should will—would过去式与动词原形一样：let—let must—must put—put read—read三、动词过去式构成读音1、清辅音后读清辅音［t］（清读清）如:jump like2、浊辅音后读浊辅音［d］（浊读浊) 如：listen pull3、元音后面读浊辅音[d］（元音后面读浊音）如:water play4、［t］［d]后面读［id］want need。