[考研类试卷]2012年厦门大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷一、单项选择题1 中国古代传统文化中“岁寒三友”和“四君子”实际上是指（）种植物。

（A）7（B）6（C）5（D）42 提出“宇宙便是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”的哲学家是（）。

（A）陆九渊（B）王守仁（C）孟子（D）周敦颐3 清廷一度重用西方传教士，但因为罗马教廷颁布针对中国的“禁约”，西方传教士活动在（）年间被禁止。

（A）康熙（B）雍正（C）乾隆（D）嘉庆4 下列书籍中属于徐光启的著作是（）。

（A）《齐名要术》（B）《农书》（C）《农政全书》（D）《农学丛书》5 四书五经的“四书”是（）。

（A）《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》、《中庸》（B）《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》、《大学》（C）《论语》、《中庸》、《大学》、《礼记》（D）《孟子》、《中庸》、《大学》、《礼记》6 起草美国《独立宣言》的是（）。

（A）麦迪逊（B）杰斐逊（C）汉密尔顿（D）华盛顿7 1781年，在美国的约克镇英军投降，在（）年被迫承认美国独立。

（A）1774（B）1781（C）1783（D）17768 美国独立战争的转折点是（）大捷。

（A）盖兹堡（B）约克城（C）特伦顿（D）萨拉托加9 中国常把一个人遭到挫折或失败称为“走麦城”，西方常称为人生的“滑铁卢”。

与这一典故有关的历史人物是（）。

（A）路易十六（B）罗伯斯庇尔（C）拿破仑（D）克伦威尔10 下列叙述在历史上不可能发生的是（）。

（A）18世纪末，瓦特坐在电灯下研究蒸汽机图纸（B）第二次工业革命后，德国人可以开汽车上班（C）第三次科技革命期间，美国人可以坐飞机去旅游（D）20世纪第一个春节，人们可以通过电话拜年二、填空题11 严复参照古代翻译佛经的经验，根据自己翻译的实践，在《天演论》卷首的________中提出了著名的________翻译标准。

12 ________在其专著《当代西方翻译理论》中，根据________以来西方翻译理论发展态势和研究方法，把当代译论分为五大流派。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．下列句子中，没有语病的一句是( )。

A．“严打”取得了显著成果，路霸匪患已经肃清或被大部分剿灭B．他体型虽然细长，但体重却只有不足一百斤C．不难看出，他学习成绩不断下降，其根本原因是学习不够刻苦在作怪D．意思的表达要防止对方产生误解和歧义，这是语言的清晰性在消极方面的要求正确答案：D解析：A项语序不当，“已经肃清”与“被大部分剿灭”应该对调；B项句义重复，应将“只有”去掉；C项语义重复，“在作怪”应去掉。

知识模块：文学艺术2．我国第一部文学理论评论专著是( )。

A．《文心雕龙》B．《汉书》C．《诗品》D．《史记》正确答案：A解析：《文心雕龙》是中国南朝文学理论家刘勰创作的一部理论系统、结构严密、论述细致的汉族文学理论专著。

是中国文学理论批评史上第一部有严密体系，“体大而虑周”的文学理论专著。

知识模块：文学艺术3．儒家思想在后世不断发展，下列主张哪个具有民主启蒙色彩?( )A．民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻B．制天命而用之C．天人感应，君权神授D．为天下之大害者，君而已矣正确答案：D解析：A项“民贵君轻”思想是战国时期孟子的思想；B项“制天命而用之”是战国时期荀子的唯物主义思想；C项“天人感应，君权神授”是西汉董仲舒为神化君权提出的主张；D项“为天下之大害者，君而已矣”是明末清初黄宗羲的反对君主专制的民主启蒙思想。

知识模块：文学艺术4．“孟母三迁”的故事说明了( )因素对人发展的影响。

A．遗传B．环境C．教育D．社会活动正确答案：B解析：孟母三迁，即孟轲的母亲为选择良好的环境教育孩子，多次迁居。

出自《三字经》里说：“昔孟母，择邻处。

”孟子的母亲为了使孩子拥有一个真正好的教育环境，煞费苦心，曾两迁三地。

说明了环境因素对人发展的影响。

知识模块：文学艺术5．《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家( )的杰作。

2012年厦门大学翻译硕士211真题翻译硕士（MTI）备考系列厦门大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生(专业学位)入学考试试题科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语招生类别：翻译硕士考生须知：答题必须使用黑(蓝)色墨水(圆珠)笔；不得直接在试卷(试题纸)或草稿纸上作答：凡未按上述规定作答均不予评阅、判分，责任考生自负。

Part Ⅰ．vocabulary & Grammar(共30题，每小题1分，共30分)A. Complete each of the following sentences with the best choice.1. Have you ever been in a situation _________ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?A. by which B that C. in where D. where2. He has many pen-friends. No week passes _________ he receives several letters.A. thatB. whichC. thanD. but3. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness _________by his lack of talentA. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than4. The physicist has made a discovery, _________ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is5. Things, _________ is often the case, will turn out to be contrary to one’s wishes.A. asB. whichC. thatD. it6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _________ in the public mind today.A. existB. existsC. existingD. to exist7. _________ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be8. People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grants, hisses and cries and _________ a very simple affair in the beginning.A. must beB. must have been C, ought to be D, should be9. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and _________ he was warmly received.A. as thatB. such asC. as suchD. so that10. China has hundreds of islands, _________ is Taiwan Island.A, among them the largest B. and the largest of whichC. and the largest of themD. but among which the largest11. If the weather is fine, we will go. If _________ , _________ .A. not, noB. no, noC. not, notD. no, not12. To define love is very difficult, for the same reason that words cannot fully describe the flavor of an orange. You have to taste the fruit to know its flavor. So it is _________ love.A. toB. inC. tooD. with13. Susan doesn’t even know that angles of less than 90 degrees are called _________angles.A. convergingB. focalC. acuteD. obtuse14. Those battered old trousers of his are a _________ joke to all his friends.A. steadyB. standingC. stableD. persisting15. He tries to _________ his lessons by telling an interesting anecdote about the president.A. cheer upB. inspireC. stimulateD. liven up16. The soldiers in the platoon shined their bayonets in _________ of the inspection by the general.A. contemplationB. anticipation C, preconception D. meditation17. The early white settlers in America maltreated the Indians in two ways: first, they appropriated the Indians’ property and treated them with contempt; secondly, the writers of that period deprecated the character of the Indians and justified _________ .A. those who persecuted themB. those who supported themC. their claims to the landD. their rights as individuals18. American cities, with few exceptions, resemble each other greatly. It is true that some of them may be constructed chiefly of wood, while others are chiefly brick, but in every other respect they are markedly _________ .A. uniformB. advancedC. beautifulD. unique19. A hundred times a day we laugh at ourselves when we laugh at our neighbors, and we detest in others the faults that in ourselves are _________ .A. much more glaringB. totally absentC. seldom to be foundD. positive virtues20. Before making a decision, we should seek out both sides of a question and form the habit of having suspended judgment and an open mind receptive to _________ .A. changeB. good authorityC. radio reportsD. new evidencePart Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension(共20题，每小题2分，共40分)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down the best answer to each question on your answer sheet.TEXT ACampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest time, whenself-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science.Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.1. The word "debts" in "very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph means _________ .[A] loans[B] accounts[C] killings[D] bargains2. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?[A] Melting snows.[B] Large population.[C] Steep hillsides.[D] Fertile valleys.3. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _________ .[A] the introduction of the rifle[B] the spread of British rule[C] the extension of luxuries[D] the spread of trade4. Building roads by the British _________ .[A] put an end to a whole series of quarrels[B] prevented the Pathans from carrying on feuds[C] lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans[D] gave the Pathans a much quieter life5. What would be a suitable title for the passage?TEXT BA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination,shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the card of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny, Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far comer. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some highmid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please, " Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.6. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _________ .[A] modem realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance[B] there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the card[C] the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials[D] the caré was based on physical foundations and real economic strength7. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _________ .[A] ". . . turned Babylonian"[B] "perhaps a new barbarism"[C] "acres of white napery"[D] "balanced to the last halfpenny"8. In its context, the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _________ .[A] please simple people in a simple way[B] exploit gullible people like him[C] satisfy a demand that already existed[D] provide relaxation for tired young men9. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?[A] The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.[B] The café was both full of people and full of warmth.[C] The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.[D] It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.I0. What comparisons are made by the author in the second paragraph?TEXT CFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example ofhigh-tech hubris (傲慢). Today’s office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair."Old habits are hard to break, " says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness. "In the early to mid-1990s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices."We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace, " says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. "More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups. "In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers —the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today’s data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, ’We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use, ’" he says. "They had never asked, they’d just assumed that 70million sheets would be bought per year as a literal functionof economic growth. "To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against "paperlessness. " argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Piñata (彩罐), " he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today "is like a huge electronic piñata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core, " Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger — and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. "In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing — with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosted business travel."That’s one of the great ironies of the information age, " Saffo says. "It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. "11. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?[A] It further explains high-tech hubris.[B] It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.[C] It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.[D] It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.12. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?[A] Workforce with better computer skills.[B] Slow growth of the US economy.[C] Changing patterns in paper use.[D] Changing employment trends.13. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature _________ .[A] integrated use of paper and digital form[B] a shift from paper to digital form[C] the use of computer screen[D] a new style of writing14. What is the author’s attitude towards "paperlessness"?[A] He reviews the situation from different perspectives.[B] He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.[C] He has a preference for digital innovations.[D] He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.15. What does the author mean by "irony of the information age"?TEXT DStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side - don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1, 431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. ) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a. m.16. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that _________ .[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism17. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _________ .[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater18. By saying "Stratford cries poor traditionally" (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_________ .[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid19. From the text we can conclude that the author _________ .[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSC20. According to the townsfolk, what is the reason that the RSC deserves no subsidy?Part Ⅲ．Writing(共1题，每题30分，共30分)The global economic crisis has made a significant impact on the lives of many around the world. Cuts in social services, rising unemployment, insurmountable debts have resulted in protests across Europe and in the Americas. Compose an essay of about 400 words describing your understanding about some of the primary causes of this crisis and discussing in what ways this crisis has affected you and/or your friends and family and what steps should be taken to avoid a similar situation in the future.。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（政治）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题单项选择题1．下列哪个国家不是联合国常任理事国之一?( )A．英国B．法国C．中国D．德国正确答案：D解析：联合国5大常任理事国包括美国、俄罗斯、中国、法国、英国。

知识模块：政治2．我国的根本政治制度是什么?( )A．人民民主专政制度B．民主集中制C．人民代表大会制度D．多党执政制度正确答案：C解析：人民代表大会制度是中国的根本政治制度，是中国人民民主专政政权的组织形式，是中国的政体，是社会主义上层建筑的重要组成部分。

知识模块：政治3．国际法院设在哪个国家?( )A．英国B．荷兰C．法国D．美国正确答案：B解析：荷兰海牙国际法庭的正式名称是国际法院，是联合国六大机构之一，成立于1946年。

知识模块：政治4．重庆直辖市的设置是由下列哪个机构通过的?( )A．国务院B．全国人民代表大会常务委员会C．全国人民代表大会D．国家主席正确答案：C解析：根据《宪法》第六十二条的规定，全国人民代表大会有权批准省、自治区和直辖市的设置。

因此，重庆直辖市的设置是由全国人民代表大会批准通过的。

知识模块：政治5．某地有一些无经济来源的孤寡残幼，政府关心并对他们提供基本的生活保障，这种情况应属于( )。

A．社会救助B．社会保险C．社会捐助D．社会优抚正确答案：A解析：A项，社会救助又称社会救济，是国家通过国民收入的再分配，对因遭受自然灾害或其他经济、社会原因而无法维持最低生活水平的社会成员给予物质帮助或精神救助，以保障其最低生活水平的制度，题干中的情况正符合；B项，社会保险是国家通过立法，采取强制手段对国民收入进行分配与再分配，形成专门社会保险基金，对劳动者在丧失劳动能力或失业时进行社会帮助以保障其基本生活需求的一种制度；C项，社会捐助是个人或群体基于人道主义精神通过某种途径自愿地向特定组织机构及个人提供无偿的救助及援助的行为，这些援助包括资金、劳务和实物等；D项，社会优抚制度是针对军人及其家属所建立的社会保障制度，是指国家和礼会对军人及其家属提供各种优待、抚恤、养老、就业安置等待遇和服务的保障制度。

2012年全国53所高校MTI真题（网友回忆版）汉语写作和百科知识单元目录1. 对外经贸大学 (1)2. 北京大学 (2)3. 北二外 (2)4. 北京外国语学院 (3)5. 北林 (3)6. 首师大 (3)7. 北京科技大学 (5)8. 北京师范大学 (5)9. 北京交通大学 (6)10. 中石油（北京） (6)11. 北京航空航天大学 (6)12. 北京语言大学 (7)13. 复旦大学 (7)14. 上海交通大学 (8)15. 同济大学 (8)16. 郑州大学 (9)17. 上海外国语大学 (9)18. 上海大学 (14)19. 上海东华大学 (16)20. 华东师范 (16)21. 华中师范 (16)22. 华中科技大学 (17)23. 东南大学 (17)24. 西安外国语 (17)25. 南京农业大学 (18)26. 南京大学 (18)27. 南京师范大学 (19)28. 大连海事大学 (19)29. 天津外国语 (19)30. 天津大学 (20)31. 南开大学 (20)32. 广外 (21)33. 暨南大学 (21)34. 湖南师大 (21)35. 四川外国语 (22)36. 四川大学 (22)37. 山东大学 (23)38. 青岛大学 (23)39. 苏州大学 (23)40. 吉林大学 (24)41. 西工大 (25)42. 西财 (25)43. 浙江大学 (25)44. 重庆大学 (26)45. 武汉大学 (26)46. 贵州大学 (27)47. 扬州大学 (27)48. 福师大 (28)49. 中国海洋大学 (28)50. 中南大学 (28)51. 上海海事大学 (29)52. 云南师范大学 (29)53. 湖南大学 (29)1. 对外经贸大学百科：史记包含的五类，初唐四杰，初唐四大书法家，最大规模农民战争，唐代山水诗派代表，苦吟诗人，“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”是哪首诗的，中国画祖之类，看过一遍中国文化的应该都问题不大，但明年就说不定了。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编3(总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：18，分数：36.00)1.“少妇今春意，良人昨夜情”属于汉语特殊表现手段的哪一种?( )（分数：2.00）A.对偶√B.叠景C.联边D.重言解析：解析：这是明显的对偶手法，“少妇”对“良人”，“今春意”对“昨夜情”，对仗工整。

2.在中国现代文坛上，以诗歌为主的作家是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.郭沫若B.艾青√C.郁达夫D.朱自清解析：解析：艾青，中国现代诗人，被认为是中国现代诗的代表诗人之一。

著有诗集《北方》《大堰河》《向太阳》《黎明的通知》《欢呼集》《春天》等，是以诗歌为主的作家。

A项，郭沫若，著名文学家、剧作家、诗人、历史学家、学者，中国新诗奠基人。

其著作不仅有诗集，还有大量历史剧本和文化专著，另外还著有回忆录和评论集；C项，郁达夫，中国现代著名小说家、散文家、诗人，代表作《沉沦》《故都的秋》《春风沉醉的晚上》《过去》《迟桂花》等，是以小说为主的作家；D项，朱自清，现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、民主战士，主要作品有《踪迹》《背影》《春》《欧游杂记》《你我》《匆匆》《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》等，是以散文为主的作家。

3.“中国旧式士子出而问世必须具备的四个条件：一团和气，两句歪诗，三斤黄酒，四季衣裳。

”出自哪一位现代作家的作品?( )（分数：2.00）A.周作人B.老舍C.钱钟书D.梁实秋√解析：解析：题中句子出自梁实秋的散文《衣裳》。

梁实秋是中国著名的散文家、学者、文学批评家、翻译家。

代表作品有《雅舍小品》《英国文学史》《莎士比亚全集》等。

《衣裳》是梁实秋的著名散文之一，文章主要写了衣裳的重要性和西装、中装的各自的特点，作者从小处着眼，纵横生发，描写生动、情韵悠长。

4.《史记》是中国第一部纪传体的通史，共130卷。

全书包括( )五大部分。

（分数：2.00）A.西周、表、书、世家和列传B.本纪、表、书、世家和列传√C.本纪、表、春秋、世家和列传D.西周、表、书、春秋和列传解析：解析：《史记》是由司马迁撰写的中国第一部纪传体通史。

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2012年厦门大学汉教考研真题及其答案解析科目代码：445科目名称：汉语国际教育基础招生类别：汉语国际教育考生须知：答题必须使用（蓝）色墨水（圆珠）笔；不得直接在试卷（试题纸）或草稿纸上作答；凡未按上述规定作答均不予评阅，判分，责任考生自负。

壹中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1.希伯来文化发祥于西亚的两河流域，希伯来是对____________民族的古老称为。

2.种姓制度和婆罗门教是古代_____________文化的重要组成部分。

3.“诸行无常”、“诸法无我”、“涅躱寂寞”属于佛教的_______________说。

4.___________文化又称米诺斯文化，是“爱琴海文化”的发祥地。

5.荷马史诗的题材取自公元前12-11世纪之交的__________战争。

6.公元前450年古罗马颁布第一部成文法___________________。

7.相传新罗时代薜聪发明了利用汉字作为朝鲜音符的___________方法。

8.唐代高增______曾6词东渡，于754年到达日本，灌泛传播佛教戒律。

9.德国著名音乐家贝多芬的《第五交响曲》又称_______________.10.欧洲的____________-运动对于整个资产阶级文化都有启迪作用。

在其以后的几个世纪里，它一直是资产阶级的核心观念“自由”、“平等”、“博爱”必要回溯的精神源泉。

11.13世纪由于蒙古人大规模西侵和西方十字军东征，____________文化遭到了沉重的打击。

12.中国古代的“文化”一词，指的是与“武力”相对的文德教育，“观乎人文，亦化成天下”出自_______________。

[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学翻译硕士（MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷一、单项选择题1 在古希腊罗马神话的诸神中，被称为“爱神”的是( )。

（A）宙斯（B）维纳斯（C）阿西娜（D）阿波罗2 古希腊神话有别于其他西方宗教神话的最大特点是( )。

（A）神与人外形相同，生命无限，具有无上智慧，具有人的情感乃至弱点（B）神与人外形相同，生命无限，具有无上智慧，没有人的缺点，是至善至美的道德化身（C）神与人外形相同，生命有限，具有无上智慧，具有人的情感或者弱点（D）神与人外形不同，生命无限，具有无上智慧，不具有人的情感乃至弱点3 下列哪一组服饰和配件，最有可能是中国古代“女子”的打扮?( )（A）端章甫（B）羽扇纶巾（C）鞋汗衫（D）云鬓花黄4 文学作品往往呈现作者不同的思想倾向，下列叙述哪一项不正确?( )（A）“安得不死药，高飞向蓬瀛”，表达追求涅槃永生的佛教思想。

（B）“生灭原知色即空，眼看倾国付东风”，表达诸行无常的佛教思想。

（C）“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”，表达言不尽意、得意忘言的道家思想。

（D）“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”，表达民胞物与的儒家思想。

5 请问下列哪一项关于梁启超的说法是错误的?( )（A）梁启超，字卓如，号任公（B）别号冰果室主人（C）曾参与戊戌变法（D）是近代著名的政治家与学者6 文学作品中经常以自然界的景物透露季节的信息。

下列诗句，不是描写“秋天”的是( )。

（A）采菊东篱下，悠然见南山（B）海棠开笑靥，杨柳展颦眉（C）水风轻、苹花渐老；月露冷、梧叶飘黄（D）杜翠白露苍苍之侯，殊深伊人渺渺之思7 美国民主党主张政府干涉，代表自由主义；共和党则反对政府干涉，拥护自由市场，代表保守主义。

两党代表的自由主义与保守主义有所不同，对此，下列表述不正确的是( )。

（A）保守主义从维护个人自由这个基点出发，坚信政府权力之扩大即意味着个人自由之缩小，政府对经济的干预和对社会问题的涉人必定会危及美国文明的根基—个人自由（B）自由主义深信美国社会的急迫问题不是个人权利受到侵犯，而是社会不平等没有得到纠正；放任的资本主义经济导致了严重的贫富不均、高失业与一系列其他问题（C）保守主义认为联邦政府的社会福利、高开支、高税收及保护少数民族权益等政策均不同程度地造成或深化了美国的社会经济问题（D）自由主义坚信政府权力是造成美国社会经济问题的原因，是消除这些问题的重要手段。

翻译硕士《汉语写作与百科知识》样题第一部分百科知识（50’）请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点1. 这次股市波动在全球都有一定的关联影响，这说明全球化在逐步进展。

过去中国认为自己的市场是一个相对比较小型的市场，也是一个正在建设中的、比较幼年的市场，或者说是在转轨经济中逐步发展的新兴市场。

由于全球经济一体化的进展，股市波动相互之间关联密切，这也说明中国的市场还需要加速发展，我们要进一步提高直接融资的比重，进一步把资本市场建设得更好、更快、更加国际化。

关于流动性过剩问题。

流动性偏多是全球的现象，中国也存在流动性偏多的问题。

美国财政赤字那么大，它那儿的流动性也很丰富，产油国资金也很丰富。

因此，资金面上的宽松是全球一体化之下相互影响的现象。

宏观调控当局都应该重视这个问题，做好自己的工作，对于过剩的流动性应该采取稳健的、适当收缩的政策。

2. 端午原是个防病防灾的日子，却因大诗人屈原增添了纪念层面的意义，增添了爱国情怀和报国无门的悲情、齐心协力救助生命的悲壮；因了陶渊明酷爱重阳，因了他酷爱的菊的勾连，重阳节衍生了“颂陶”的文化意蕴，歌颂他“人淡如菊”的精神境界，“重阳无酒”也成了知识分子安贫乐道的形象写真。

3. 1994年起，比尔•盖茨开始了他的收藏爱好。

作为拥有600亿美元财富的收藏者，盖茨想买什么就可以买什么，而他购买艺术品似乎也完全凭个人的兴趣，没有明确的学术或商业性目标。

还有很多不知名的微软富翁也有收藏艺术品的爱好，这些微软人囊中的巨额财富和近乎疯狂的收藏行为对美国艺术市场产生巨大的推动作用，证明了微软公司在文化市场中有多重要。

一个软件公司创造的巨额财富使大量重要艺术作品流向微软人手中，流向西雅图。

4. 2009年3月的全国“两会”上，吴邦国提出，今年要着力加强社会领域立法，继续完善经济、政治、文化领域立法。

社会领域的公平正义，变化并没有那么快，我们只需要翻找出过去的研究和报道，就可以看到今天的问题所在。

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2012年厦门大学汉教考研真题科目代码：354科目名称：汉语基础招生类别：汉语国际教育考生须知：答题必须使用（蓝）色墨水（圆珠）笔；不得直接在试卷（试题纸）或草稿纸上作答；凡未按上述规定作答均不予评阅，判分，责任考生自负。

壹．汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一，填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1.现代汉民族共同语普通话是在_______________的基础上形成的。

2.一个语言系统中能够区别语义的最小语音单位是___________。

3.语言单位在语流中发生的相互关系叫做_______________。

4._____________是语音结构的最小单位。

5.舌面元音可以从发音时______________和嘴唇的圆扁进行描写并相互区别。

6.语法是通过语言单位的_____________方式概括出来的一系列规则。

7.词与词按照一定的语法规则组合构成_________________。

8.句法分析主要包括对语言单位组合的____________和结构关系的分析。

9.汉语的____________是最小的语音，语义结合体。

10.汉语最明显的特征是缺乏形态变化，语言单位的组合注重________________。

11.“雪亮”一词的组合方式是_____________。

12.“房间”一词的组合方式是____________。

13.“懂事”一词的组合方式是_______________。

14.“睡觉”一词的组合方式是_______________。

15.“广播找人”的短语结构方式是_______________________。

[考研类试卷]翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（应用文写作）历年真题试卷汇编2一、应用文写作1 【北京外国语大学2014翻译硕士】所谓旅游广告，就是风景名胜游览地的某些企事业单位，为了广泛介绍本地的名胜景致和独特的风光，招揽更多的旅游者，增加由旅游带来的各种经济收益，通过广播电视、报刊杂志等媒体进行广泛宣传的一种应用文体。

运用旅游广告实事求是地介绍旅游胜地的特点，不仅为旅游者提供了信息，能够恰当地选择自己的旅游地点、出行时间和路线，而且可以提高旅游者对各处游览胜地的鉴别选择能力，唤起旅游者潜在的欲望。

请自己确定为某处旅游景点或旅游项目写一则旅游广告，要求讲究表现手法，运用多种形式，做到亲切、自然、生动、活泼，加深读者印象，增强宣传效果。

字数在400字左右。

2 【首都师范大学2012翻译硕士】根据所给提示写一则翻译公司的招聘广告：(限450字以内)1．公司主要从事人文社会科学类文本的英汉互译；2．对译员的基本要求。

(其它相关内容不限)3 【北京科技大学2012翻译硕士】以下是某外语培训机构的人才理念：我们深谙人才是企业坚若磐石的百年根基、决胜市场的制胜法宝。

我们始终秉承以人为本的人才理念；我们懂得服务客户更要先服务员工；我们求贤若渴、视才如宝。

请为该外语培训机构撰写一篇刊登在报纸上的招聘广告。

结构要求如下：标题、正文、广告口号；字数450字左右。

4 【暨南大学2011翻译硕士】阅读以下关于iPhone的简介及相关信息，然后自拟题目，写一篇iPhone的广告词，字数不超过400字。

iPhone由苹果公司(Apple，Inc．)首席执行官史蒂夫.乔布斯在2007年1月9日举行的Macworld宣布推出，2007年6月29日在美国上市，将创新的移动电话、可触摸宽屏iPod以及具有桌面级电子邮件、网页浏览、搜索和地图功能的突破性因特网通信设备这三种产品完美地融为一体。

iPhone引入了基于大型多触点显示屏和领先性新软件的全新用户界面，让用户用手指即可控制iPhone。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（科技）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题单项选择题1．“千年虫”问题是指( )。

A．计算机系统的时间变换问题B．2000年黑客同时入侵C．计算机的一种病毒D．1000年发作一次的病毒正确答案：A解析：“千年虫”问题实质上是计算机时间变换的问题。

千年虫是指在某些使用了计算机程序的智能系统中，由于其中的年份只使用两位十进制数来表示，因此当系统进行或涉及跨世纪的日期处理运算时，就会出现错误的结果，进而引发各种各样的系统功能紊乱甚至崩溃。

知识模块：科技2．E—mail邮件本质上是( )。

A．一个文件B．一份传真C．一个电话D．一个电报正确答案：A解析：E—mail即电子邮件，相比于传统的邮件更为方便和快捷，本质上是人们通过网络发送的文件。

知识模块：科技3．Intemet的缺点是( )。

A．不够安全．B．不能传输文件C．不能实现即时对话D．不能传送声音正确答案：A解析：我们平时用E—mail就是通过Intemet来传输文件，用QQ、MSN等即时通讯工具可实现即时对话、传送声音，可见BCD三项提到的功能Intemet 都具备。

众所周知，病毒是困扰电脑和网络的一大难题，可见Intemet的缺点是不够安全。

知识模块：科技4．计算机鼠标是一种( )。

A．输出设备B．输入设备C．光标D．控制器正确答案：B解析：输入设备是指向计算机输入数据和信息的设备，是计算机与用户或其他设备通信的桥梁。

鼠标是通过点击或滑动发出信息，向计算机输入指令，在性质上属于输入设备。

知识模块：科技5．与针式打印机和喷墨打印机相比，不属于激光打印机特点的是( )。

A．打印分辨率高B．噪声小C．速度快D．价格低正确答案：D解析：激光打印机各项性能均优于针式和喷墨打印机，但激光打印机比针式打印机和喷墨打印机造价高。

知识模块：科技6．计算机系统的下列设备中，既可作输入设备又可作输出设备的是( )。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（科技生活）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：29，分数：58.00)1.现代乒乓球运动以( )为一局。

（分数：2.00）A.21分B.25分C.11分√D.20分解析：解析：在一局乒乓球比赛中，先得11分的一方为胜方；10平后，先多得2分的一方为胜方。

2.我国医疗卫生机构分为三级(一、二、三级)二等(甲、乙等)，其中( )最高。

（分数：2.00）A.一级甲等B.一级乙等C.三级甲等√D.三级乙等解析：解析：我国医疗卫生机构分为三级二等，三级甲等为最高等级，属省级以上医院，是承担高等医学院校和科研任务的医疗机构。

3.下列( )不属于西方世界四大通讯社之一。

（分数：2.00）A.法新社B.美联社C.塔斯社√D.路透社解析：解析：当前的世界四大通讯社分别是：美国的美联社、英国的路透社、法国的法新社、美国的合众国际社。

以上的世界四大通讯社的排名依据是：通讯社的规模、发展历史及影响力、订户数量、日发稿量和年发稿量等。

4.索尼公司创始人之一是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.松下幸之助B.稻盛和夫C.盛田昭夫√D.本田宗一郎解析：解析：松下幸之助是“松下电器”的创始人，稻盛和夫创立了盛和塾，本田宗一郎是本田汽车的创始人。

5.英国的传播媒介比较丰富，其中每周评论是英国出版业的重要组成部分，( )是历史最悠久的周刊。

（分数：2.00）A.《观察家》B.《每周新闻》C.《旁观者》√D.《读者文摘》解析：解析：《旁观者》1828年由英国著名文学家、诗人约瑟夫.艾迪生和他的好朋友理查德.斯蒂尔创办，是英国人周刊中历史最悠久的杂志。

6.英国首都伦敦的地铁是世界上最早的地铁，它建成于( )。

（分数：2.00）A.1863年√B.1873年C.1864年D.1874年解析：解析：伦敦地铁是世界上第一条地下铁道。

总长超过400千米。

1856年开始修建，1863年1月10日正式投入运营。

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（环境、自然地理、科技）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：74.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.冰岛首都雷克雅未克是世界上著名的“无烟城市”，满足当地居民的能源需求主要靠利用( )资源。

(南京航空航天大学2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.煤B.地热C.石油D.核动力2.2009年12月的联合国气候变化大会在哪里召开?( )(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.日内瓦B.巴黎C.哥本哈根D.伦敦3.“世界环境日”是( )。

(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.3月5日B.4月5日C.5月5日D.6月5日4.什么是低碳生活?( )(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.是指生活作息时要注意保护环境，要少用碳、煤等有污染的燃料B.是指生活作息时所耗用能量要减少，从而减低二氧化碳的排放C.是指生活作息时要节约用水．要保护地球的水资源D.是指生活作息时要注意身心健康，要多到大自然去呼气新鲜空气，以减少体内的二氧化碳5.英国最长的河流是( )。

(对外经贸201l翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.赛文河B.泰晤士河C.克莱德河D.莱茵河6.五大湖指的是( )。

(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖、安大略湖B.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖C.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、谢湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖D.密歇根湖、奇安湖、伊利湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖7.美国的新英格兰地区不包括下面哪个州?( )(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.缅因州B.新罕布什尔州C.佛蒙特州D.北卡罗莱纳州8.美洲最高峰为高达6187米的麦金利山峰，该山峰位于( )。

(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.阿拉斯加的中部B.夏威夷的中部C.科罗拉多的中部D.怀俄明的中部9.1935年红军长征胜利到达陕北，毛泽东写下了七律《长征》：“红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。

2012年厦门大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. 简答题5. 应用文写作8. 命题作文简答题1．英美陪审制度中，小陪审团的主要功能是什么?正确答案：英美陪审制度中，小陪审团主要负责审理，做出裁决，决定被告是否有罪。

2．请写出中国三大木版年画产地中的两个。

正确答案：中国三大木版年画产地为潍坊杨家埠与天津杨柳青、苏州桃花坞。

3．人体的呼吸系统由哪两部分组成?正确答案：人体的呼吸由呼吸道和肺两部分组成。

4．中国南宋著名学者“二陆”是谁?正确答案：陆九龄和陆九渊兄弟。

【知识链接】文学史上最著名的“二陆”是指西晋的陆机和陆云兄弟。

历史上其他的“二陆”包括南朝陈代陆瑜和陆琰、南宋陆九龄和陆九渊兄弟、宋陆细和陆传兄弟。

5．请写出有“新疆三宝”之称的新疆三大著名物产中的两个。

正确答案：新疆三宝一般认为是指哈密瓜、和田玉、吐鲁番葡萄。

6．中国古代书法家郑板桥独特的书体名称是什么?正确答案：郑板桥自创独特的书体，用隶书参以行楷，非隶非楷，非古非今，自称“六分半书”。

7．世界上最软和最硬的石头分别是什么?正确答案：世界上最软的石头是滑石，最硬的石头是金刚石。

8．世界上第一部茶叶专著《茶经》的作者是谁?正确答案：中国乃至世界现存最早、最完整、最全面介绍茶的第一部专著《茶经》的作者是唐代陆羽。

9．请列出两种专利类型。

正确答案：我国《专利法》规定的专利类型有三种：发明专利、实用新型专利、外观设计专利。

10．现任国际奥委会主席是谁?正确答案：现任国际奥委会主席是比利时人雅克.罗格。

11．世界上第一部成文法典的名称是什么?正确答案：历史上最早的一部成文法典是《乌尔纳姆法典》。

它是古代西亚乌尔第三王朝(约公元前2113—前2006年)创始者乌尔纳姆颁布的。

它适应奴隶制的发展，主要用来保护奴隶和私有制经济，镇压奴隶和贫民的反抗。

【知识链接】古巴比伦国王汉谟拉比颁布的法律汇编《汉谟拉比法典》是迄今世界上最早的一部完整保存下来的成文法典。