2020学年八年级下册英语Unit 3完成句子专项练习(含答案) ( 人教版 )

Unit 3 单元测试题Written test part (共95分)Ⅴ. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

( )21. The hotel provides a shoe cleaning service ______ guests.A. forB. fromC. onD. with( )22. He doesn’t like doing chores and ______ do I.A. eitherB. noC. neitherD. not( )23. ______ she went into the room, she knew there was something wrong.A. As long asB. SinceC. As soon asD. Although( )24. I don’t mind ______ if you can’t find anyone else.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. to helping( )25. For kids, I think two hours of playing computer games ______ too long.A. isB. areC. wasD. were( )26. I’m looking for a job which can make me ______ my creative talents to the full.A. turnB. developC. wasteD. choose( )27. If you need a coat, I can ______ you one. I will go home to get it right away.A. lendB. sellC. borrowD. buy( )28. There’s no need for you ______ late! I can finish the rest of the work by myself.A. to stayB. stayC. stayingD. stayed( )29. Your son is only a 4-year-old child. You shouldn’t give him so much ______ of studies.A. riskB. hopeC. stressD. advice( )30. I know it’s not my job ______ you how to run your life, but I do think you’ve made a mistake.A. tellB. to tellC. askD. to ask( )31. I was seriously ______ that day and decided to stay at home and have a good rest.A. relaxedB. lazyC. illD. lonely( )32. Could you please ______ the window? It’s cold outside.A. openB. not openC. openingD. not opening( )33. Don’t worry about me while you’re away. I will ______ myself.A. take care ofB. take afterC. look forD. look forward to( )34. Bring as much food as you can — ______.A. the much, the goodB. the more, the betterC. more, betterD. the most, the best( )35. —Could you look after my pet dog this Saturday, Dale?—______. I will be free this weekend.A. Of courseB. Sounds goodC. Thank youD. That’s rightⅥ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

Section A (1a—2d)Ⅰ. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。

1. Your office is in a(n) ________ (杂乱). Please clean it up.2. Mrs. Hunt ________ (扫) her yard (院子) every day.3. Ben ________ (折叠) the paper carefully and put it on the table.4. Jackie is sitting on the ________ (地板).Ⅱ. 根据所给图片提示，用恰当的短语完成句子。

1. Bill dislikes __________________.2. Linda is __________________.3. Bill __________________ ten minutes ago.4. I don’t know how to __________________.5. Jane often helps her mom __________________.Ⅲ. 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的短语填空，有的需要变换形式。

1. Every morning Andy ____________ milking the cow on the farm.2. Jenny, if you ____________, your parents will be worried.3. —Jane, would you like to ____________?—Thank you, but I want to walk home.4. It’s a small house but ____________ there’s a garden (花园).Ⅳ. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。

A: Hi, Gina! (1) ________B: Sure. What do you want to do on it?A: (2) ________B: Jim, playing computer games is bad for your eyes.A: (3) ________B: Sure. (4) ________ I’m doing my homework on it now.A: (5) ________B: About ten minutes.A: Oh, I see.答案：Ⅰ. 1. mess 2. sweeps 3. folded 4. floorⅡ. 1. taking / to take out the rubbish2. making her bed3. swept the floor4. fold the clothes5. (to) do the dishesⅢ. 1. helps out with 2. stay out late 3. get a ride 4. at leastⅣ. 1-5 BDAFGSection B 2c — Self CheckⅠ. 根据汉语意思及括号内所给英文提示语，将下列句子翻译成英语。

中考英语人教八下U3—4重点短语句型和练习及答案第一部分：一、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Just as I entered my house, I heard a sound coming from the bedroom upstairs —it was from my favourite violin.“Thief!”I rushed upstairs and saw a boy in dirty clothes pulling my violin down. At first sight,I found a new pair of shoes missing. It seemed he was surely a thief.However, when I saw his eyes full of fear, my anger disappeared. I smiled and asked,“Are you Mr Ram’s student Rubens? I’m his butler (男管家).I’ve heard Mr Ram said his student would come. It must be you.”“Has my teacher gone out?” the boy said, “I think I’d better visit him again in a while.” I nodded and asked him, “Do you like playing the violin?”Yes，but I’m too poor to afford one.” the boy replied.Then, I’ll give you this violin.” The boy looked at me in surprise, but he picked up the violin. While going out of the room, he suddenly saw a huge photo of me playing the violin at the Grand Theatre of Sydney on the wall. His face turned pale. He stood there for a moment and ran out. He must have understood what had happened because no master would put up the butler^ photo on the wall of his living room.A few years later, at a music competition in Melbourne, I was invited to be the judge. Finally, a violin player called Merritt won the first prize.After the prize-giving, Merritt ran to me holding a violin box, his face red, and asked, “Mr Brian, do you still know me? You gave me this violin, which I have treasured ever since! Today, I want to say sorry and give back the violin to you without regret...”He was just the “Mr Ram’s student”！1. The writer felt when he saw the boy pulling his violin down.A. angryB. afraidC. sadD. disappointed2. In fact, who was the boy in dirty clothes?A. The butler’s friend.B. A thief in the writer’s home.C. Mr Ram’s student.D. A visitor to the Ram family.3. The boy’s face turned pale probably because he realized __________.A. the butler was just the masterB. the master had come back homeC. the butler was a great musicianD. he would be discovered as a thief soon4. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A. it is never late to say sorryB. the future is what we make itC. kindness can be better than angerD. success depends on support参考答案1—4、ABAC二、短文改错。

2020-2021学年人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit3 Could you please clean your room SectionB练习(含答案)一、单项选择。

( )1.—Could you please do the dishes?— .A. Sorry, I can’tB. No, I couldn’tC. Yes, you can.D. Never( )2. —Do you know the price of the ticket?—Yes, each 180yuan.A.paysB. costsC. spendsD. Takes( )3. We use a knife things.A. to cutB. cutC. cuttingD. Cuts( )4. There some orange and apples on the table.A. areB. hasC. isD. have( )5. —Which of the two subjects do you like, art or music?— . They are really interesting.A. NeitherB. BothC. NoneD. All( )6. —Could I please your bike?—Sorry, I it to Mary.A. lent, borrowB. lend, borrowedC. borrow, lentD. lent, borrowed ( )7. The present made us excited.A. feelB.to feelC. fellingD. felt( )8. —Do you like watching TV?—No, but my brother .A. doesB. doC. isD. like( )9. We have to finish the book tomorrow.A. readB. readingC.to readD. reads( )10. Tom will call me as soon as he shanghai.A. arrivesB. will reachC. arrives inD. get to二、阅读理解。

八年级下册英语Unit3 语法专练题组训练一take care of的用法I.单项选择。

( )1. He spent years his sick mother.A. take care ofB. taking care ofC. look afterD. care for( )2. Don't worry about him. He is old enough to himself.A. take care ofB. take afterC. take awayD. take off( )3. A goldfish is , so I don't like keeping a goldfish. A. difficult to take care B. easy to take careC. difficult to take care ofD. easy to take care ofII.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

4.I believe she can look after the old woman.(改为同义句)I believe she can the old woman.5.这几天能请你帮我照看这些花吗?(汉译英)Could you please help me the flowers these days?题组训练二as soon as的用法I.单项选择。

( )1. -Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? -Certainly. he comes back.A. BeforeB. As soon asC. UntilD. Unless( )2. Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A.arrivesB.arriveC. is arrivingD.will arrive( )3. We will visit our aunt in the countryside the summer holiday starts.A. sinceB. whileC.as much asD.as soon asⅡ.根据所给提示或要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

加油！有志者事竟成答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。

２、拿到试卷不要提笔就写，先大致的浏览一遍，有多少大题，每个大题里有几个小题，有什么题型，哪些容易，哪些难，做到心里有底；３、审题，每个题目都要多读几遍，不仅要读大题，还要读小题，不放过每一个字，遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目，手指点读，多读几遍题目，就能理解题意了；容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍，比如从小到大，从左到右这样的题；４、每个题目做完了以后，把自己的手从试卷上完全移开，好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题；试卷第１页和第２页上下衔接的地方一定要注意，仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题；５、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题，注意安排好时间，先把后面会做的做完，再来重新读题，结合平时课堂上所学的知识，解答难题；一定要镇定，不能因此慌了手脚，影响下面的答题；６、卷面要清洁，字迹要清工整，非常重要；７、做完的试卷要检查，这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题，检查的时候，用手指点读题目，不要管自己的答案，重新分析题意，所有计算题重新计算，判断题重新判断，填空题重新填空，之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。

亲爱的朋友，你们好!经过两个月的学习，你们一定有不小的收获吧，用你的自信和智慧，认真答题，相信你一定会闯关成功。

相信你是最棒的！Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元测试一、单项选择（共10分）（）1. Could you ________ watch TV? I’m sleeping.A. please don’tB. don’t pleaseC. not pleaseD. please not（）2. There is some trash in the bag. Please ________.A. take it outB. take out itC. take them outD. take out them（）3. —Could I use your computer?—Sorry, I’m ________ it nowA. working onB. working outC. working forD. working off（）4. You can’t watch TV now. You ________ clean your room first.A. canB. mayC. have toD. must have to（）5. —Could I use your car?—Sorry, you ________. I have to go out.A. couldB. canC. couldn’tD. can’t（）6. —Could I ________ your bike?—Yes. But you can ________ it for only two days.A. borrow; lendB. lend; keepC. keep; borrowD. borrow; keep（）7. The girl isn’t outgoing. She ________ asking others for help.A. hatesB. beginsC. enjoysD. loves（）8. Mike always ________ me to his house.A. hopesB. invitesC. tellsD. lets（）9. —Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you ________.A. couldB. willC. canD. might（）10. —Could I watch TV this afternoon?—Yes, you can. But first you ________ do your homework.A. canB. have toC. mayD. could二、完形填空（共20分）Lisa is serious about the chores in her house. She gives her children things that they 11 do according to their ages. She started asking John, the 12 of her two sons, to help with the dishes. It is now an easy chore 13 the15-year-old. His 13-year-old brother, Dave, 14 John, too. They take turns（轮流）washing the 15 each week. The boys also clean their desks, make their beds and 16 food from the market on Sunday mornings. Besides（除了）these, the boys also know how to cook easy meals 17 their parents are not at home.The family of 18 live in a big house but they do all the housework themselves. Lisa says, “When I was young, my father wanted us to do things on our own（独立地）and learn how to 19 ourselves. Now I’m doing it to my kids.” John says, “Doing chores is 20 . You learn important life skills and responsibility（责任）.”（）11. A. must B. can C. may D. will（）12. A. elder B. taller C. younger D. shorter（）13. A. with B. as C. for D. by（）14. A. likes B. finds C. hates D. helps（）15. A. hands B. dishes C. fruit D. clothes（）16. A. borrow B. cook C. buy D. sell（）17. A. when B. how C. what D. why（）18. A. two B. three C. four D. five（）19. A. work on B. take part inC. turn onD. take care of（）20. A. bad B. good C. difficult D. boring三、阅读理解（共15分）I have a big family. We often get together at our home every Sunday. When I was 5 years old, my grandparents, parents, aunt, uncle and my cousin, Jane, would have a wonderful time playing games, swimming, relaxing and sharing stories.On one sunny summer Sunday, Jane thought it would be funny to push me into the swimming pool we had in the garden.I couldn’t believe Jane had done this to me, so I decided to put a big pout（噘嘴）on my lips until I found some sympathy. Wet and unhappy, I sat next to my grandpa on a nearby picnic bench. When he asked me what was wrong, I told him what Jane had done.“Well, just push her back!” he said.After hearing my grandpa’s suggestion, I watched Jane’s every move until she was in just the right place near the pool. Then I pushed her into the pool. She was good at swimming and didn’t get hurt.Soon after that year, Grandpa moved from Ohio to Florida, so I didn’t see him before he died when I was 11 years old. I will never forget the lesson my grandpa taught me during the short time we had together.When someone or something is pushing you in a wrong way, push back!（）21. According to the passage, the writer’s cousin ________ him.A. played a joke onB. tried to helpC. was smarter thanD. was afraid of（）22. What does the underlined word “sympathy” mean in Chinese?A.不满B.生气C.同情D.骄傲（）23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Jane was good at swimming.B. The writer told us what happened in summer.C. No one cared about the writer when he was pushed into the pool.D. There were eight people in the writer’s family when he was five.（）24. How long did the writer’s grandpa live in Florida?A. For 5 years.B. For 4 years.C. For 11 years.D. For 16 years.（）25. What will the writer do when someone pushes him in a wrong way?A. Keep quiet.B. Stand up.C. Run away.D. Push back.四、用所给词的适当形式填空（共15分）26. Everyone should learn the ability of ________（independent）.27. Most people will feel ________（comfortable）if someone sneezes or coughs loudly at dinner table.28. The whole world is surprised at China’s fast ________（develop）, although China is a ________（develop）country. China is becoming stronger and stronger.29. Tomorrow must be a busy day. I ________（invite）all my friends to my house.30. —Dave, where is your father?—He is watching TV in the ________（live）room.五、根据汉语意思完成句子（共20分）31.孩子们仅仅在学校里取得好成绩是不够的。

Unit3 词汇、变形、短语、句型练习一、单词填空。

1.Now lots of children don't understand the idea of f________(公正性).2.Please p_______ some salt to me.3.Please help me take good care of my cat w_________ I'm on vacation.4.We are here to o________a service for the public.5.Mary lives on the 10th f__________ in the apartment.6.Many people don't like to depend on their parents. They hope to be i_________.7.The room is in such a m_______，You'd better tidy it.8.Don’t put your clothes on the chair. F______ it and put it on the bed.9.My mother was badly i________ and we took her to the hospital.10.Could I i________my friends to a party?二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.I think parents should ask their children ____________(do) the housework at home.2.Young persons from 13 to 19 years old are called ________________(teenager).3.Could I________________ (borrow) your computer?4.To my ________(surprised)，she finished her work on time.5.My father often does the ______________(dish) after dinner.6.-Do we have to clean the house now? －I'm afraid so. Or Mom will be angry when she comes back from_______（shop).7.The kids should learn to be__________(independence) early.8.It also helps them to understand the idea of ________________(fair) .9.There are two CD________________(play ) on the table.10.-Could you please________( do) the dishes? --No problem.三、短语句型1.__________打电话给某人2.__________与某人竞争3.__________以便；以致4.__________删除5.__________代替，相反6.__________在电话上7.__________各种各样的8.__________有足够的睡眠9.__________相互10.__________与…交流四、完成句子1.我一走进教室，我的同班同学都站了起来。

八年级下册Unit 3重点单词、短语、句子专练一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。

1. N________ of the two answers is right. You should do them again.2. Dad, you give most of the chicken to Jack. I think it’s u.3. They often b_____ books from the library.4.The girl is a kind nurse and she always t good care of sick people.5.You should t the trash into the dustbin.6. She lives next to my house. We are n____ .7. Tom was i________, so he was in hospital.8. Please p________ me a cup of water, Tom. I’m thirsty.二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I got up late this morning and I had no time_______(have)breakfast.2. I washed my clothes and_______(sweep)the floor this morning.3. China is a_______(develop)country.4. We did the same work, but he got more money than me. It was_______(fair)for me.5. I think_______(help)others is very happy.三、单项选择1．—What are you doing?—I am doing the _____ .Look! How dirty my clothes are!A. dishesB.readingC.shoppingD.washing2．—May I _____ your bike，Molly?—Sorry.I _____ it to Mike minutes ago.A.borrow;lentB.borrow; borrowedC.lend; BorrowedD.lend; lent3. I will finish _____ the novel this afternoon. Then I will give it back to you.A.readB.readingC.to readD.reads4．She looked at me _____ great surprise and asked after a long while, “Didn't you leave for Beijing this morning?"A.atB.inC.ofD.on5.Her father likes _____ dinner but hates _____ the dishes.A.making; makingB.doing; doingC.making；doing6．—What would you like, coffee or tea?— _____ ．I just need some water.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All7. —Could you please take out the rubbish?— _____ . But I want to drink a cup of water first.A.Thank youB.Sure, no problemC.You're welcomeD.No,I can't8. —I always hate being late for school.—_____ .A.So am IB.So do IC.So I amD.So I do9.Tom, clean the living room. Mom won't be happy if she sees this _____ .A.stressB.decisionC.spiritD.mess10.Daniel is _____ his twin brother. They are both l.75 meters tall.A.taller thanB.shorter thanC.as tall asD.so tall as四、根据汉语意思完成句子。

人教版八年级英语下册unit3单元测试题(有答案)人教版八年级英语下册unit3单元测试题一．短语翻译1.倒垃圾2.拖地板3.整理床铺4.洗餐具5.叠衣服6.打扫客厅7.结果是8.生病；病倒9.照料；爱护10.越早……越好……二．根据汉语提示完成英语句子。

1. She is(叠衣服) now.2. I don’t hate（倒垃圾）. It’s fun.3. Miss Kang often（打扫起居室）at XXX.4. XXX his wife（洗衣服）.5. XXX’XXX（整理床铺）by herself after she gets XXX.6.Stop ________(扔) XXX dog!7. Everyone put their ________(手指) in their ears because of the big noise.8. I wish your kids would ________(折叠) up their clothes!9. He makes a terrible ________(混乱) of the XXX.10. I asked if I could read the letter, so she ________(递) it to me.三.按照句意及所给首字母提醒，补全句中所缺单词。

1. He was i_____ but nobody took him to the hospital.2. If you don’t study hard, your grades will d______.3. I like Old Henry because he often p_______ us with hot water.4. We can d______ on him for help.5. XXX______ of time.四．用所给单词的适当形式填空。

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元测试姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 学号：__________一、单选题（共15题；共30分）1.I like Old Henry because he often provides hot soup _____ poor people.A. inB. onC. withD. for2.— Could we go to see the movie Bad Genius now, Mom?— _____. I hear it's very interesting.A. It doesn't matterB. Thanks a lotC. Of courseD. That's right3.— Linda, it's your job _____ that all the windows are closed after school.— OK. I get it.A. make sureB. to make sureC. feel likeD. to feel like4.Mother thinks playing computer games is a waste _____ time.A. ofB. inC. withD. from5.He had no idea how _____ the problem at that time.A. solveB. solvedC. to solveD. solving6.You _____ leave your children at that time, because they needed you.A. shouldB. shouldn'tC. areD. aren't7.It's _____ that you made him finish the work in such a short time because he is new at doing such work.A. luckyB. traditionalC. possibleD. unfair8.We shouldn't always _____ our parents. We should learn to be independent.A. take afterB. care aboutC. hear ofD. depend on9.— I'm so sorry that I don't have time _____ to the movie with you.— It doesn't matter. Maybe next time.A. goB. wentC. to goD. going10.— I couldn't believe you were back yesterday.— John couldn't believe it, either. He looked at me in _____.A. interestB. interestingC. surpriseD. surprising11.He reads English two hours every day _____ improve his speaking.A. so thatB. such thatC. in order toD. in order that12.Her cousin plays computer games in the room _____ the time.A. everyB. eachC. allD. other13.— Joy, do you know that man? He is coming _____ to us.— Oh, yes. That's my brother, Hansel.A. overB. upC. awayD. out14.We _____ everybody to our school. It is very beautiful.A. spendB. welcomeC. relayD. share15.— Jim, could you please make _____ bed?— Yes, mom. I'll do it right now.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself二、完形填空（共10分）In Western countries, many children do chores to get pocket money.1 usually start to do this at the age of 10.School students have to do homework and study 2 tests on weekdays. So they often do chores on 3 . Some young kids only do 4 chores. So they don't get much money. But that's all right. Many of them only want to5 candies. And candies are cheap！They help wash the dishes after dinner, and6 the family cat or dog.When kids get 7 ，they want to buy more and more things. They want things that are more expensive than candies. Then they have to work harder！They often8 the family car, cut the grass, walk the dog or cook dinner.Doing chores is a good 9 for kids to learn new things. For example, they can learn how to use a lawn mower(割草机) or 10 to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first.1. A. They B. We C. He D. You2. A. at B. for C. into D. from3. A. schooldays B. birthdays C. weekdays D. weekends4. A. easy B. hard C. scary D. heavy5. A. find B. bring C. buy D. make6. A. sell B. feed C. buy D. catch7. A. older B. busier C. younger D. happier8. A. change B. use C. take D. wash9. A. subject B. way C. problem D. lesson10. A. what B. why C. how D. when三、阅读理解（共2题；共20分）（一）John and Ann are from Dublin, Ireland.They've been friends since they were children.They lived in the same neighborhood when they were young and they went to the same university.Today John is a 34-year-old engineer.He works in the heart of Dublin.He is very busy and doesn't have much free time.He found a maid (女佣) to clean his house on Saturdays, but during the week he has to make the bed and tidy up his room.He must also wash the dishes.Sometimes he cooks a meal，but most of the time he stops at a restaurant near his home and buys a meal for dinner.He often arrives home very late.Luckily, his maid is quite professional and takes good care of the house.In just 6 hours, the house begins to shine, with a fresh look and clean air to breathe.Ann is 35 years old.She lives in a small village in Dublin.She works as a doctor at the village's health center.She starts working at 9 a．m.and finishes at 4 p．m.There is a half-hour lunch break at 12：30 p．m. After work, Ann has to pick up her two daughters from school.After they arrivehome, the children do their homework while Ann prepares dinner.Her husband(丈夫) usually does part of the chores when he gets home.First he prepares the children's bath and then he washes clothes.Before dinner, he hangs up the clothes and then the children help him to lay the table(摆好餐具) and… it's dinner time! After dinner, Ann's husband usually does the dishes while she tidies up the kitchen.When there is too much rubbish, she takes it out.（1）What is John? （）A.An actor.B.A doctor.C.A scientist.D.An engineer.（2）What does the underlined word “professional” mean in Chinese? （）A.幽默的B.敏感的C.专业的D.传统的（3）How long does Ann work a day? （）A.For six hours.B.For six and a half hours.C.For seven hours.D.For seven and a half hours.（4）What does Ann's husband usually do after dinner? （）A.He does the dishes.B.He tidies up the kitchen.C.He washes his children's clothes.D.He helps the children with their homework.（5）What do we know about John and Ann? （）A.They are the same age.B.They both have a big family.C.They went to the same high school.D.They once lived in the same neighborhood.（二）Many parents make their children do chores around the house.For some families, teaching children what to do and how to do chores is easy.But in other families, getting children to do some housework can be a very big problem.It is a good idea for parents to teach their children at an early age.All family members must work together to make the house clean, and each person must do his or her share(份) of the work.We can do this by starting a plan of chores and responsibilities when children are young.Chores are good for children—even very young ones.Doing chores can teach children many important skills like working together.Jobs also teach children what is fair.The skills and value(价值) from doing chores will be good to children all their life.（1）The first paragraph tells us .A.all the parents make their children do choresB.it's easy to teach children to do choresC.some children think doing chores is difficultD.teaching children to do chores is different among different families（2）The underlined word “responsibilities” means “” in Chinese.A.爱好B.琐事C.责任D.家务（3）It's good to teach to do chores.A.young childrenB.girlsC.parentsD.some families（4）Children can learn from doing chores.A.working together with othersB.how to writeC.what is fairD.A and C（5）Which of the following is TRUE?（）A.It's a small thing to teach children to do chores.B.Only the children who do chores know what is fair.C.Some children like to do chores but some don't.D.In a family, young children don't need to do chores.四、翻译（共14分）1.通常小孩都是依赖父母给予衣食。