牛津英语模块三第三单元复习Book Unit

牛津英语3单元知识点归纳第一单元：Greeting and Meeting（问候与见面）1. 问候语：Hello! Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening! How are you?回答问候：I'm fine, thank you. / I'm great. / Not bad.2. 自我介绍：What's your name? My name is _____. / I'm _______.询问对方姓名：What's your name? / Can I have your name, please?回答对方姓名：My name is _______.3. 打招呼：Nice to meet you. / Pleased to meet you.回答打招呼：Nice to meet you, too.4. 询问他人身份：Where are you from? / What nationality are you?回答自己身份：I'm from _______. / I'm ________.5. 用于对话或会话中的常见礼貌用语：Please. / Thank you. / Excuse me. / Sorry.6. 告别语：Goodbye! Bye! See you later. / See you soon.再次告别：Goodbye! / Take care! / Have a nice day!第二单元：Home and Family（家庭和家人）1. 家居物品：table, chair, bed, desk, bookshelf, sofa家居区域：kitchen, living room, bedroom, bathroom, dining room2. 家庭成员：father, mother, brother, sister, grandparents, aunt, uncle, cousin具体称呼：dad, mom, grandpa, grandma, auntie, uncle, etc.3. 家庭活动：watch TV, play games, cook, eat together, read books4. 询问他人家人情况：How many people are there in your family? / Do you have any siblings?回答自己家人情况：There are _____ people in my family. / I have _________. 第三单元：School（学校）1. 学校设施：classrooms, library, computer lab, playground, schoolyard学校地点：on the first/second floor, in front of/behind the school2. 学习科目：maths, English, science, art, PE (physical education), music学习活动：read books, write, draw, sing songs, dance3. 询问他人学校情况：What school do you go to? / Is it a big school?回答自己学校情况：I go to ________ school. / Yes, it's a big school.4. 描述学校日常活动：We have classes in the morning. / We play during break time.第四单元：Food and Drinks（食物和饮料）1. 食物种类：rice, noodles, bread, chicken, fish, vegetables, fruit, eggs, milk, juice饮料种类：water, cola, tea, coffee, hot chocolate, lemonade2. 询问他人喜好食物：What's your favorite food? / Do you like ________?回答自己喜好食物：My favorite food is _______. / Yes, I like _______.3. 描述食物味道：It's delicious. / It tastes great. / It'sspicy/salty/sweet/sour.描述饮料味道：It's refreshing. / It's hot/cold. / It's sweet/bitter.4. 用于进餐时的礼貌用语：Please pass me the _______. / Thank you for the meal.第五单元：Animals（动物）1. 动物种类：dog, cat, rabbit, bird, fish, tiger, lion, giraffe, elephant宠物种类：hamster, guinea pig, parrot, turtle, goldfish2. 描述动物特征：big, small, tall, short, long, fast, slow, noisy, quiet, cute3. 喜欢或不喜欢动物：I like _______. / I don't like _______. / Do you like_______?4. 询问他人是否养宠物：Do you have any pets? / What pets do you have?回答自己是否养宠物：Yes, I have _______. / No, I don't have any pets.以上是牛津英语3单元的知识点归纳，包括问候与见面、家庭和家人、学校、食物和饮料以及动物等方面的基础内容。

Unit 1FogFog warningWhen Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o'clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog .She wondered if the buses would still be running.No buses to King StreetOnce out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.‘ How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‘ King Street.’ said Polly.‘ Sorry , Miss ’ replied the man, ‘ the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi. ’A tall manAs Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be soon.FootstepsWhen Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards ParkStreet. As she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying ‘Sorry.’ The man mo ved away. She could feel her heart beating with fear.The helpful strangerThen she heard the sound again-soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps se emed close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness. ‘Is anybody there?’Polly hesitated. At last she answered, ‘Hello, I think I’m lost. ’A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.‘ Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want?’ he asked.‘ I live at 86 King Street.’ Polly replied.‘ Just take my hand.’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for the step here.’In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step. ‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young. How old are you?’‘ Just twenty.’ answered Polly.‘ Ah, twenty ! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads. Turn left here.’‘ I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way?’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.’‘ Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious,’ He held her hand more firmly.The grateful helper‘ Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped.‘ Thank you so much for coming to my aid.’ said Polly in relief. ‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’‘ It’s very nice of you.’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off. There may be more peo ple lost today, and I’d like to help them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.’P18ProjectShark attacksThere are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws. However, two other sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark. Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of sharkattacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance.Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of, colours and bright objects. Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular. If a shark attacks you, follow the advice below.Keep calm. Do not panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.Stick your finger in the shark's eye.Don't be frightened by sharks: youare 3o times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.The wonderful world of pigeonsIt is night. All is quiet. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for theenemy. There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked!Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to bekilled unless they get help. What should they do?An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper: 'Beingattacked! Hurry!'He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved?Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks--the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kilometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use. During both World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells them which way is north. How this compass works remains a mystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one's way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and canalways find their way home.Unit 2English and its historyAll through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.Old EnglishOld English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland— the Angles and the Saxons— occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English. Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as mush as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English and reply (from Old French. It is interesting to learn how the words for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an -s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry Ⅳ became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.Modern EnglishModern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changesin the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.ProjectThe development Chinese charactersThe Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, ituses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formedbyputting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up aword. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking athow these characters developed.Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancientstory, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter daywhile he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow andobserved that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had theidea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. Thefirst Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some charactershave been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings intostandard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the characterused nowadays.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas,some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example,'rest' was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character 'prisoner' wasformed with a 'man' inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, thecharacters for 'up' and 'down', which are opposites of each other.Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is thatthey do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developedto have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest thepronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and nowthey have widespread use in China's mainland.The story of BrailleUsually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809-1852. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message. While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter.'Braille', the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.Unit 3Lost civilizationsDay 1,15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China’s Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2,16 JulyThis morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was a volcano. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!Day 3,17 JulyToday I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to feel the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces toproduce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii , in the same place where the people feel. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!Day10,24 JulyFinally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the west. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD400. I am so excited to be here!Day11,25 JulyAn scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Seven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city from being buried by sand— what a pity!ProjectAncient Greek statue found in XinjiangResearchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexa nder the Great’ s influence.Alexander the Great (356-323 BC was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had only 3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among themselves. Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.The father of Western philosophyThe word 'philosophy' means 'love of wisdom'. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?' and 'What is truth?'The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469-399 BC. Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on Westernthought and science. To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions. Socrates' way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison. Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.Appendix I: TranslationUnit 1Reading雾比尔·洛浓雾警报那天早晨波莉离家时, 整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。

失落地文明第一天，月日能获得这次旅行地机会我感到非常幸运.现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝.下周我们会飞往中国去楼兰，那是沙漠中地一座被誉为“中国庞贝”地古城.庞贝和楼兰一样，都是很久以前失落了地文明.个人收集整理勿做商业用途第二天，月日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝地讲座.这座城市建于公元前世纪，公元前年，罗马人占领了庞贝.后来庞贝成了座繁华地城市.离城市不远处有一座火山.公元年地月日，这座火山喷发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到四周地乡村.火山喷发持续了两天.很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋.真是太不幸了！个人收集整理勿做商业用途第三天，月日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样.多么奇妙啊!这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字地石头.人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大地破坏.因此在年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究.个人收集整理勿做商业用途当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样地街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了!我还看到了几处装饰着壁画地房子.我也看到了被活埋地人.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市地人，他们地身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里地人形空当.多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真地遇难者轮廓.你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在原来他们倒下地同样地点.火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静.很难想象如此平静地火山如何摧毁了整座城市!个人收集整理勿做商业用途第十天，月日经过好几天地旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰.这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过.它是连接东西方著名地丝绸之路上地停靠站.据信，从公元年到公元年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没.能在这里我好兴奋!个人收集整理勿做商业用途第十一天，月日来自于当地文化研究所地一位学者张教授告诉我们，在年前后，来自欧洲地探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国地遗迹.斯文发现了埋藏于沙下地建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画地壶、像丝绸这样地布料、文献以及壁画.当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔.我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣.有一条古老地供水系统贯穿市中心.这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫地绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬——多遗憾啊!个人收集整理勿做商业用途新疆发现古希腊塑像最近，研究人员宣布，在中国新疆北部地区发现了一尊小型塑像.这尊金属塑像是一名希腊士兵地造型.当被问及来自遥远希腊地塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝地影响所致.个人收集整理勿做商业用途亚历山大大帝(公元前一公元前年)是一位在战斗中击溃了许多希腊城邦地希腊国王之子.岁那年，父亲死后，亚历山大自己成了国王.然而，许多城邦趁势作乱，反对亚历山大，于是他便率领一支军队夺回这些城邦.尽管他地军队仅有三千人，但是他赢得了所有战役，许多敌方士兵投靠了他.个人收集整理勿做商业用途公元前年，他率领当时已达四万两千人地军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡.然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜.似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界.然而，他自己地军队对无休止地战斗感到厌倦，拒绝再往前走，所以他不得不班师回朝.亚历山大岁时便已占领了辽阔地疆域，前无古人，前面似乎还有更大地辉煌在等着他.可是，公元前年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡.由于他没有儿子，他地将军们便瓜分了他庞大地王国.个人收集整理勿做商业用途亚历山大大帝将希腊文化从欧洲传播到非洲和亚洲，在此后地数个世纪中影响了整个世界.在新疆北部发现地希腊士兵塑像也许是在公元前世纪因贸易而来到中国地.像许多显示希腊影响力地其他古代文物一样，它现在乌鲁木齐地一家博物馆展出.个人收集整理勿做商业用途西方哲学之父“哲学”一词意为“热爱智慧”.哲学可被认为是观察我们周围世界地一种方式，或是解答人生重大问题地一种方式，如：“我们为什么会在这里?”以及“什么是真理?”个人收集整理勿做商业用途西方哲学之父是苏格拉底(公元前—公元前年).苏格拉底是希腊雅典人.在年轻时，他是一名勇敢地士兵.后来，他成了一名教师，但他教书却不收费，靠当一名普通劳动者挣钱.除此以外，我们对他了解很少.由于他从不写书，因此我们对他地哲学也知之甚少.然而，苏格拉底对西方地思想和科学却有着深刻地影响.个人收集整理勿做商业用途为了理解这何以成真，我们必须搞清苏格拉底是怎样教学地.苏格拉底通过提问进行教学.通过这种方式，他盘问学生，要他们完善并阐释自己地论点.很多时候，他地问题让学生们意识到自己地错误.当这种情况发生时，许多学生感到尴尬和气愤，而另外一些学生则会改变他们地观点.苏格拉底探求真理地方式现在被称作苏格拉底问答法.提出一个个问题直至你得出正确答案地这一思路是现代哲学和科学地基础.个人收集整理勿做商业用途很不幸地是，苏格拉底问得太多了.每遇到一个人，他都要提出一些难以回答地问题，惹恼了雅典地许多人.最后，一些人对他忍无可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是质疑希腊众神地存在和腐蚀雅典地年轻人.在审判中，他却向法官提出更多问题，以此为自己辩护.这更是雪上加霜.最后，他被迫喝下毒药而被处死.由于他地死，苏格拉底成了所有探求真理地人心目中地英雄.个人收集整理勿做商业用途。

Unit 1 重点词组1 和…玩30 把…排进/ 倒进…2 不再…31 一个很严重的问题3 不同时期的交通工具32 采取行动做某事4 阳光镇的变化33 减少污染5 非常了解这个地方34 在某种程度上6 从那时起35 顺便问一下7 自从2005年以来36 在去…的路上8 自从去年以来37 挡路9 自从三个星期前以来38 开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所10 搬家39 不时地，偶尔11 搬到南京40 从…搬出去12 搬进一座新公寓41 事实上，实际上13 在…南部42 一处自然景点地方14 结婚43 一个新的火车站15 和某人结婚44从…借…16 变化很大45借给某人…／把…借给…17 在过去46 例如18 在现在47 在使用中19 这些年以来48 带…去…20 把…变成…49 一所小学21 在周末50 我也是22 打牌51 独自地23 下中国象棋52 空余时间24 愉快的假期53 有同感25 玩得很开心54 青山环绕26 水污染55 清新的空气27 噪音污染56 良好的环境28 过去经常做某事58 离…远29 像以前一样经常地59 离…近60 给…造成许多麻烦68在过去的一个世纪61 近期照片69关于北京的过去和现在62 在近几年中70感冒63 …的反义词71 患重感冒64 有好运72 受到某人的来信65 把…扔掉73 乘飞机旅行66 一个真正的问题74 享受阳光和沙滩67 写一篇有关阳光镇的文章Unit 2 重点词组1 到…作一次旅行18 高速运行2 一定很有趣19 一家快餐店3 带…出去几天20 对…感兴趣4 把…带在身边21 不停地拍照5 快点；加油22 迪斯尼人物的游行6 旅游景点23 下午晚些时候7 …的象征24 一天中最精彩的部分8 去滑雪25 向…挥手致意9 去远足26 一路上10 看美丽的风景27 像魔术一样11 拍照28 精彩的狮王表演12 欢迎到29 买一些纪念品13 写信给30 在…结束时14 玩得很高兴31 观看烟火15 整天32 在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮16 乘地铁33 一共，总计17 在入口处34 一次刺激的旅行35 把某物给某人看46 依次/轮流做某事36 一队人47 计划出国旅游37 排队等候48 希望做某事38 一次有意义的经历49 希望某人做某事39 一次真得令人高兴的假日50 飞往某地40 多姿多彩的服饰51 新鲜的空气41 …一名成员52 宜人的天气42 到深圳旅游53 名胜古迹43 全年54 我们去香港旅游的日子44 三个半小时55 鸟瞰香港的景色45 一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的56文化中心现代化城市Unit3 词组1 不知道14 看起来像2 同意某人15 遥控器3 打开（电视、电灯）16 关掉（电视、电灯）4 换频道17 写作竞赛5 绘画与设计18 玩游戏6 搜索信息19收发电子邮件7 文字处理20 编写电脑程序8 新的教育光盘21‘八小时环游地球’‘9 发行，问世22 同时10 学生最喜爱的光盘的设计者23 在线旅行者11主要人物24 一个十三岁的男孩12躺在草地上25 看着美丽的蓝天13 睡着了26 做了个奇怪的梦27 在梦里48一片金色的云28 得一分49 载着某人去一个地方29扮演…角色50环游世界30 测试你的英语语法知识51 在屏幕上31 伦敦博物馆52 闯过一关32 世界地图53 用亮紫色标出来33 查明，弄清楚54 卖光，售完34打份报告55 点击…35把…打印出来56 你要买些什么？36 个人电脑57 由…地方制造37 考虑…58 关闭所有窗口38 重新启动计算机59 把…连到…39 把键盘链接到计算机60 双击自动运行图标40 组织活动61 6英尺长41 剪断了62 剪了1英寸头发42 日常英语63 对…有好处43 短时间的澳大利亚的网上旅行64 请求帮助44 听人们谈话65 在收音机上收听一个采访45 向…学习…66 在网上订购…46 介意做某事67 游戏的目标47 打开财宝箱Unit 4 重点词组1 一场慈善演出 5 慈善演出的主持人2 被选为班长 6 多加练习3 确信，肯定7 除非4 在网上登广告8 分发传单9 捐钱37 组织一场慈善演出10 把…卖给…38 筹钱11 绿色希望工程(慈善机构) 39希望工程(慈善机构)12 拯救中国虎(慈善机构) 40 春蕾计划(慈善机构)13 返回学校41 把…还给…14 大型猫科动物42 在贫困地区15 写信给…43 收到…的来信16 空闲时间44 因为…17 电视镜头45 看演出18 准时46 及时19 把…介绍给…47 值日20 在适合的时间48 同时21 在…开始时49 在…结束时22伟大的一天50 一直做某事23 演出前20分钟51 进入剧场24 没有时间紧张了52 发出噪音25 变得有点容易了53 似乎26 结束54 当地企业27 得到许多支持55 参加（活动）28 致以最美好的祝愿56写下，记下29 弄错了57 至少30 最多58 真是太成功了。

牛津英语模块3unit3单词详解1．CivilizationIt is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.普遍认为中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一Chinese civilization European civilization world civilization.2 lecture(1)n.演讲，讲课give/deliver a lecture to sb. on sth.关于某事进行演讲have a lecture 听演讲go to a lecture去听演讲The famous professor delivered a lecture on how to protect the environment.(2)v.作演讲，讲课Mr.Smith is lecturing on Russian literature3 take over接管In 89BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over his job from him.我们的主席走了,彼特将接任他的工作.take sb. in欺骗take sth. in 理解etake on 呈现take off 起飞, 脱下take up占据,着手处理take charge take away 拿走take out 拿出take place take…for.. 把…误认为When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language.你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二日语的?.3unfortunately 位于句首，作状语，用来修饰整个句子。

Luckily, frankly, obviously, exactly, honestly, generally, certainly, fortunatelyUnfortunately, all the people were buried alive after the vocalno erupted..不幸的是,火山爆发后所有的人都被活埋了.4bury (vt)埋葬,安葬,埋burial n 埋葬He was buried in his hometown.他被埋葬在他的故乡The house was buried under snow.房子被埋在雪下.be buried in =bury oneself in 埋头于…，专心于…Jean always buried himself in his work.简总是埋头工作。

八年级上学期牛津版英语Unit3单元复习练习一.单项选择：1. Our teacher usually stands __________ the classroom in class.A. in front ofB. at the front ofC. beforeD. behind2. ---Please don’t tell him about it. ---OK, I __________.A. don’tB. am notC. won’tD. will3.- Kate, I’m going on business. Please l ook after ________ well.- Don’t worry, Mom, I will.A. herselfB. myselfC. yourselfD. yourselves4. These new coaches are nicer than those ol d __________.A. coachesB. oneC. coaches onesD. ones5. We can’t think only of __________.A. ourB. oursC. ourselvesD. us6. You need __________ fit.A. exercise keepingB. exercising keepingC. to exercise keepingD. to exercise to keep7. He needs to stay healthy, __________?A. doesn’t heB. isn’t heC. needn’t heD. needsn’t he8. You should __________ the bus when you get to the destination (目的地).A. get onB. get offC. put offD. put on9. Take a careful look at the things people __________ in the past.A. useB. usedC. are usedD. using10. The trip __________ about five hours by train.A. spentB. tookC. usedD. cost11. The librarian agrees __________ Tom three books if he returns them on time.A. to lendB. lendC. borrowD. to borrow12. Let’s cheer __________ our basketball team.A. withB. toC. forD. about13. He isn’t tired. He __________ have a rest.A. needs notB. not needC. doesn’t need toD. needn’t to14. We took a coach to my hometown. We __________ two hours later.A. got it offB. got off itC. got it onD. got on it15.When the boy walks our desk, he often knocks our books onto the floor.A. passB. pastC. passedD. passing二.完形填空：Don't Let the Candl e OffA man had a little daughter---an only and much-loved child. He lived for her--- she was his whole___1___. He was so happy to hear his girl's voice that he hardly imagined what he woul d do___2___her. But unluckily ,one day, his daughter became seriously ill. He was very__3____. He tried all he coul d to___4___her. At last, his efforts (努力) was __50___ and the child died. The father became a bitter recluse (隐士) after that, shutting ____6_____ away from his friends and refusing(拒绝) every activity that might____7__ him back to his normal self. But one night he had a dream. He was in heaven, seeing a group of little chil d angels. They were dressed in white and___8___in a line passing by the Great White Throne. Every angel____9___a candle. He noticed that all the candl es were bright except one. Then he found that the chil d with the___10___candle was his own little daughter.1. A. heart B. life C. faith D. mood2. A. without B. by C. through D. over3. A. angry B. worried C. calm D. satisfied4. A. help B. persuade (劝说) C. save D. serve5. A. useful B. useless C. important D. unimportant6. A. herself B. himself C. themselves D. itself7. A. put B. fetch C. hol d D. bring8. A. running B. walking C. speeding D. travelling9. A. carried B. picked C. packed D. caught10. A. little B. beautiful C. dark D. bright三.阅读理解：AOne evening Charlie was on his way home from the railway station. When he turned round a corner, he heard footsteps behind him and he thought someone was coming near. He began to walk fast. The footsteps came fast, too. He slowed down. The footsteps also slowed down. Now he was sure that someone must be going after him. He tried to hide. Still the steps followed him. He didn't know how to save himself, so he jumped over some tall grass and hid himself in a cemetery(墓地). He threw himself down on one of tombs(坟墓).The man behind came near. Charlie could hear the man jump over the grass. Thoughts of thieves and robbers filled his mind. Charlie stood up and faced the man. "What do you want? Why are you coming after me?" He asked."I say," the stranger asked, "do you always go home like this, or are you taking some special exercise tonight? I want to go to Mr. Green's and don't know the way. The station master told me to follow you as you live next door. Excuse me for asking, but is there much farther to go before we get there?"1. That day Charlie was ＿＿＿＿.A. leaving the station for a cemeteryB. walking slowly along the streetC. on his way to Mr. Green's houseD. on his way back home2. When he found someone following him, Charlie ＿＿＿＿.A. was too frightened to moveB. stopped to ask the man whyC. hid himself in a cemeteryD. knew clearly what to do3. The stranger followed Charlie because ＿＿＿＿.A. he wanted to kill Charlie.B. he wanted to steal things.C. he wanted to go to Charlie's place.D. he wanted to go to Mr. Green's and he didn't know the way there.BTom's grandfather is nearly 80 years old, and his mother is ill in bed. So his father, who is a farmer, is the main support of the family. The family is poor. Tom graduated(毕业)from high school and did not pass the coll ege entrance exam. The job training program helped him learn the skills that he would need in the workplace. And he made a living(谋生)with his skills happily.The story makes me think of another story. It goes like this: Once upon a time, there was a man who liked fishing very much, and was abl e to catch lots of fish every day. The man was a kind-hearted person, so he always shared his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish. One day, he thought that it would be great if he taught them how to fish. So he call ed his neighbours together and showed them how to fish. Everybody was very happy that they coul d eat the fish they themselves caught.At present, there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world But it's not good if we give only food to them. Instead we shoul d give them a chance to learn new skills. Therefore, a technical(技术的)training is very important to people in need, and they will devel op the ability to make money. People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.4. What d oes Tom's father d o?A. teacher.B. A doctor.C. A driver.D. A farmer.5. What is the main idea of the second passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeedB. To give one a fish is not as good as to teach him how to fishC. Where there is life, there is hope.D. Practice makes perfect.6. What d o you think of the man in the second passage?A. He's kind-heartedB. He's polite.C. He's shy.D. He's nervous.7. Which of the foll owing is NOT WRONG about this article?A. Tom's grandfather is about seventy years old.B. There aren't many poor people all over the worl d now.C. A technical training is very important to peopl e in need.D. Everybody was very happy that they coul d eat the fish the man gave.CIt was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed, Bunny couldn’t fall asleep. He still couldn’t think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present. He wond ered how Santa —Father Christmas would know wha t to bring him if he didn’t know himself.As he was sitting up in bed, Bunny heard a big noise on the roof and a sound d ownstairs. It was Santa Claus, he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran d own the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a l ook at the old man before Santa left for his next stop.By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs, everything was silent again. Lots of presents were put und er the Christmas tree, but Santa was gone. A littl e disappointed(失望的), Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry.“Hell o,” said Bunny. “Is somebody there?”He was answered by another cry. Bunny l ooked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal with big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers(鹿角) on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for a dog.“Are you a reindeer（驯鹿）?” asked Bunny.“Yes,” replied the brown animal with antlers. “My name is Ralph.”“And you were pulling Santa’s sled(雪橇)?”“I was until I g ot air-sick,” replied Ralph. “Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven reind eer.”“Isn’t it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get air-sick? I mean, isn’t flying what reindeer are famous for?”“Not me, I’m afraid. It makes me frightened. I always feel sick w hen it comes to flying,” replied Ralph. “But everyone wanted me to pull Santa’s sled, so when it was my turn I gave it a try. I’m afraid I just wasn’t cut out for the job. Now I’m trapped here and I d on’t know how to get back to the North Pole.”“Well,if yo u like, you can stay with us as a friend,” said Bunny. As he made the offer, Bunny sud d enly realized the special present he wanted from Santa was a new friend!8. Why couldn’t Bunny fall asleep on Christmas Eve?A. He wanted to take a cl ose look at Santa Claus.B. He was waiting for his special present from his father.C. He was thinking about what present to get from Santa.D. He was woken up by a noise on the roof of his house.9. The underlined phrase “cut out” probably means .A. suitabl eB. famousC. readyD. bad10. What can we l earn from the article?A. Ralph is a brown d og with antlers.B. Ralph is afraid of flying in the air.C. Bunny got a sl ed as a Christmas present.D. Bunny sent Ralph back to the North Pole.11. This article seems to tell us that .A. Santa lives in the South Pole with his reind eerB. Santa usually puts Christmas presents on the roofsC. Santa uses d ogs to bring children presents on Christmas EveD. Santa knows what presents children want without being told四.词汇运用：1. Please get up __________ (quick), or you’ll be late for school.2. __________ (luck), he hurt __________ (bad).3. Take a look at the things people __________ (use) in the past.4. Can you feel the __________ (美) of Yangzhou city?5. This is a letter of __________ (邀请).6. In the autumn, we can enjoy the beautiful __________ (风景) on the Fragrant Hill.7. The trip __________ (花费) about two hours by coach yesterday.8. George Bush was P__________ of the United States.9. After __________ his body, he often does some math __________ at school. (exercise)10. James and I enjoyed o__________ at the party yesterday evening.五.任务型阅读：There are are some differences between Bristish English and American English. In grammar, for example, speak ers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen?”. Americans say “in the hospital” and “Do you have a pen?”. Pronunciation is sometimes different. For example, when a learner is used to the British pronunciation [dɑ:ns](dance), he may not understand the American pronunciation [dæns]. There are differences between British English and American English in spelling. For exampl e, “travell ed” and “honour” are British spelling, “traveled” and “honor” are American spelling. However, in most situatio ns, British1_________ between British English and American EnglishBritish English American EnglishIn grammar In 2_________ In the hospitalIn 3___________ travell ed tarveledBesides, 4________ is sometimes[dɑ:ns][dæns]differentHowever, British English and American English are not 5__________ languages.1. 当那位著名歌手到达时，歌迷们变得越来越激动。