化学chemistry

chemistry和chemical的用法"Chemistry"和"chemical"都与化学相关，但在用法上有一些区别：Chemistry（名词）：表示“化学”，是一门自然科学，研究物质的组成、结构、性质和变化规律等。

在这里，"chemistry"是指学科本身，涉及对化学现象和反应的深入研究。

例句：I have always been interested in chemistry and enjoy conducting experiments in the lab.The university offers a wide range of courses in chemistry.Chemical（形容词和名词）：作为形容词，表示“化学的”，用来描述与化学相关的事物或过程。

作为名词，表示“化学物质”，是指由一个或多个化学元素组成的纯粹或复杂的物质。

例句：The chemical reaction between the two substances produced a new compound.The laboratory technician wore gloves and goggles to protect herself from exposure to harmful chemicals.Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of chemicals.总结："Chemistry"是一个学科名称，指的是研究化学现象的科学领域。

而"chemical"则可以作为形容词描述与化学相关的事物，也可以作为名词指化学物质。

化学英语怎么说化学是自然科学的一种，在分子、原子层次上研究物质的组成、性质、结构与变化规律;创造新物质的科学。

世界由物质组成，化学则是人类用以认识和改造物质世界的主要方法和手段之一。

它是一门历史悠久而又富有活力的学科，它的成就是社会文明的重要标志，化学中存在着化学变化和物理变化两种变化形式。

那么你知道化学用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。

化学的英语说法1：chemistry化学的英语说法2：chymistry化学的相关短语：radiochemistry;放射化学analytical chemistry;分析化学theoretical chemistry;理论化学biochemistry;生物化学inorganic chemistry;无机化学化学的英语例句：1. Organic food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.有机食品是未使用人工化学制剂和杀虫剂的纯净食品。

2. It's thought that the blast occurred when volatile chemicals exploded.人们认为，易挥发的化学物质爆炸时产生了冲击波。

3. The Oxford Chemistry Primers aim to cover important topics in organic chemistry.《牛津化学初级读本》丛书旨在论述有机化学中的重要问题。

4. Chemicals form a protective layer that resists both oil and water-based stains.化学物质形成了一个抗油污和水渍的保护层。

5. Nitrates are chemicals that occur naturally in water and the soil.硝酸盐是水和土壤中自然存在的化学物质。

What is chemistry?History of chemistryChemistry is a science that tries to understand the properties of substances and the changes that substances undergo. It is concerned with the substances that occur in nature-the minerals of the earth,the gases of the air,the water and salts of the seas,the chemicals of the living creatures, and also with the new substances created by humans. It is concerned with natural changes-the burning of a tree that had struck by lightning,the chemical changes that are central to life-and with the new transformations invented and created by chemists.Chemistry has a very long history. In fact, human’s activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times.As the quotation at the head of chapter indicates, chemists are involved in two different types of activity. Some chemists investigate the natural world and try to understand it, while other chemists create new substances and new ways to perform the chemical transformations that do not occur in nature. Both activities have gone on since the first appearance of humans on earth, but the pace increased enormously in the last century or so.Curiosity about the natural substances led to some of the earliest adventures in isolating pure chemical materials from nature. Humans discovered that they could extract the colors from the flowers and some insects and use them to make pictures and to dye cloth. Only in the last century have chemists learned the detailed chemical structures of these natural colors. From the earliest times humans have been making the new substances by performing the chemical transformations. The first such new substances are probably soap and charcoal.When wood is heated it loses water and produces charcoal. In this process, the cellulose of wood - a chemical compound containing the carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen all linked by chemical bonds - undergoes a chemical reaction that breaks the hydrogen and oxygen away as water and leaves the carbon behind as charcoal. A major chemical change once occurs-the process cannot be reversed to make the cellulose again by just mixing the charcoal with water, since the hydrogen and oxygen atoms will not spontaneously form the needed bond to the carbon. Charcoal burns with a flame hotter than that of wood. Archaeological records indicate that charcoal has been used since prehistorical times.Perhaps even early came the creation of soap. Soap is not a natural substance, but it can be made by heating fats with alkali to break some chemical bonds that link fatty acids to glycerin. Soaps are just the alkali salts of the resulting fatty acids. Since alkalis are formed when wood burns and are found in the ashes of wood fires, it is believed that the earliest humans noticed the unusual substances produced from fats that had dripped onto cooking fires.These early “chemists” made such discoveries by accident, and for a long time accident was the principal means of discovery. Accident still remains important to discovery, but with our increasing chemical understanding we now usually create new chemical substances bu design. After the early period of random discovery, humans began heating substances together intentionally to see what occurs. When a material that we now call iron ore was heated with charcoal, it produced iron metal, a new substance(we now use coke, produced from coal, instead of charcoal ). Iron ore contains a chemical in which iron atoms are chemically bound to oxygen atoms. Heating it with charcoal lets the carbon atoms of charcoal bind to the oxygen atoms and carry them off as the gas carbon monoxide, leave iron behind. Only gold and some metals related to platinum occur naturally as metals; all others are made from their ores by such chemicalprocesses.When copper and tin were heated together, the copper atoms and tin atoms linked up with metallic bonds, producing the alloy bronze, which is harder than either copper or tin. In the Bronze Age , starting at about 3600 BC, the hardness of this metallic alloy made it the dominant material for tools and weapons. Bronze was the first metal that could hold the sharp edge. Egyptians made grass as early as 1400 BC by heating some natural materials together. Glass is formed when this heating caused major chemical changes.Much of the rise of civilization has involved humans creating new substances by transforming natural ones to better meet their needs. Tanning hides to make leather, for example, changes their chemical nature. Even cooking foods alters their chemical structures. Every substance in the world is made of “chemicals”, either in the form of chemical compounds in which atoms are linked by chemical bonds or, in a few cases such as helium gas, as unlinked atoms. No substances can be called “chemical-free”. Indeed, “natural” chemicals do not always have advantages. Some of the most dangerous poisons known are natural chemicals, produced by bacterial and other living things.Modern chemistry is devoted to understanding the chemical structures and properties of natural chemicals and of chemicals created by building on what nature has supplied. The remainder of this book will describe many of the contributions to everyday life resulting from this knowledge, and a sample of what is left to be done by the current and future generations of chemists.Fundamental principle of chemistryThe first and most important principle is that chemical substances are made up of molecular in which atoms of various elements are linked in well-defined way. The second principle is that there are somewhat more than 100 elements, which are listed in the periodic table of the elements. The third principle is that those elements, arranged according to the increasing number of protons in their nuclei, have periodic properties. That is ,as the elements increase in atomic number (number of protons in their nucleus) , every so often and element appears that is similar in its properties to one that has occurred early in the table. For example, after lithium, with three protons in its nuclei, come after the element whose properties decreasingly like those of lithium until suddenly sodium appears, with a nuclei containing 11 protons. Sodium is quite similar to lithium in many respect. The arrangement of the periodic table puts such similar elements below each other in column. Chemical reactions that lithium undergoes that will also occurs in sodium, although not with the same speed or energy; lithium and sodium are similar, but not identical.Another principle is that the ways in which atoms are linked strongly affects the properties of chemical substances. This is particularly evident when covalent links (bonds) are involved. Covalent bonds, in which two atoms are hold together by a pair of electrons shared between them, are the bonds that hold the atoms of carbon , oxygen , and hydrogen together in cellulose ,for instance. Most covalent bonds do not break easily, which is why intense heating is needed to turn cellulose to charcoal. The precise arrangement of links determines chemical properties. By contrast, a salt such as sodium chloride has what are called ionic bonds. The sodium and the chlorine are not directly linked, just hold together by the attraction of the positive sodium ion for the negative chlorine ion. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the sodium ion and the chlorine ion drift away.There is another much more subtle difference among chemical structures that has to do with the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in space. Two chemicals can differ, even when tha same atomic linkage are present, if the spatial arrangement are different. Difference in spatial arrangement can have several aspects, but the most interesting has to do with handedness, or what chemists call chirality. When a carbon atom carries four different chemical groupings,there are two different ways to be arranged. For example, in the amino acid alanine the central carbon atom carries four different groups: a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and two carbon atoms that differ in what is attached to them.。

unite 1. Inorganic chemistry1.1 what is chemistry（1）. 重点专业词汇讲解：Chemical: adj . 化学的、化学药品Transformation: 变化，化学转变，转化Dye: n. 染料染色，或者vt. 染Charcoal: ['t ? ck??l] 木炭Cellulose : 纤维素细胞的['selj?l??z; ] Fat：n. 脂肪肥肉adj . 肥大的alkalis ：碱adj . 碱性的glycerin: 甘油丙三醇alkalis: n. 碱金属alloy: 合金使成合金bronze：青铜色的n. 青铜（铜和锡的合金）brass：[br a s] n.黄铜（铜和锌）要求学生会区别黄铜及青铜的不同翻译Poison：毒物毒药t.毒害放毒下毒Proton：n. 质子Nulei: n.核（nucleus 的复数形式）['njukl ??s]Identical : adj . 同一的Chirality n.手性手征和Handeness的区别Amino acid ：n. 氨基酸Ala nine: n.丙氨酸2. 课文中重点词组（phrase）Chemical change:化学变化physical change：物理变化Explore: 探险研究research investigate studyIsolate: 分离chemical bonds 化学键chemical reaction ：化学反应Natural substance 天然物质Coke : 焦炭carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Carbon Dioxide 二氧化碳Chemical bond 化学键fundamental principle 基本原理The periodic table of elements ：元素周期表numbers of protons 质子数atomic number 原子序数covalent bonds 共价键positive 正阳性negative 负阴性3. 课文中重点句子The first and most important principle is that chemical substances are made up of molecules in which atoms of various elements are linked in well-defined ways. 需要着重给学生讲解第一条也是最重要的原理是化学物质是有分子组成的，分子中的不同元素的原子是以一定的方式连接在一起的。

我的空间主页|空间装扮博客|写新文章相册|上传照片好友|找新朋友档案|留言板我的应用投票更多应用tantan62 0 | 我的消息(2/39) | 我的空间 | 我的应用 | 百度空间 | 百度首页 | 退出手机空间体验升级啦！随时随地掌握好友动态更多精彩空间等你来踩了解详情>> 中学化学教学交流◎教学随笔 chemsir 主页博客相册|个人档案 |好友查看文章质子守恒式、质子平衡式（简称质子平衡PBE）2009-04-22 15:11溶液中的质子守恒是高中学生最感困惑的问题，也是高考的难点。

所谓质子就是H＋，质子守恒的实质是溶液中提供质子的微粒提供的质子总数等于溶液中的质子数与得质子的微粒得到的质子数之和。

1.酸式盐中的质子守恒例：NaHCO3溶液1）质子守恒式：n(OH－)+n(CO32－) =n(H＋)＋n(H2CO3) 或 c(OH－)+c(CO32－) =c(H＋)＋c(H2CO3)2)对上述质子守恒式的理解：溶液中提供质子的微粒为H2O和HCO3－。

H2O部分电离得到的H＋等于OH－的物质的量（H2O ? H＋＋OH－），HCO3－部分电离得到的H＋等于溶液中CO32－的物质的量（HCO3－? H＋＋CO32－），即二者电离得到的H＋总量为：n(OH－)+n(CO32－) 。

最终H2O、HCO3－电离得到的H＋分成两部分：一是自由的存在于溶液中的，二是被部分HCO3－结合成H2CO3 的。

被HCO3－结合的H＋等于H2CO3的物质的量，因此H2O、HCO3－电离得到的H＋又等于溶液中的H＋加上H2CO3的物质的量，由此可得质子守恒式：n(OH－)+n(CO32－) =n(H＋)＋n(H2CO3)。

3)得到质子守恒式的简单方法：由电荷守恒式和物料守恒式联立得到。

溶液中的电荷守恒式是：n(H＋)+n(Na＋)=n(OH－)＋n(HCO3－)+2n(CO32－) ①溶液中的物料守恒式是：n(Na＋)=n(CO32－)＋n(HCO3－)＋ n(H2CO3) ②① -②可得上述质子守恒式。

unite 1. Inorganic chemistry1。

1 what is chemistry（1). 重点专业词汇讲解:Chemical: adj . 化学的、化学药品Transformation: 变化，化学转变，转化Dye: n。

染料染色，或者vt。

染Charcoal: [’tʃɑkəʊl] 木炭Cellulose ：纤维素细胞的［’seljʊləʊz；］Fat：n. 脂肪肥肉adj 。

肥大的alkalis：碱adj 。

碱性的glycerin：甘油丙三醇alkalis: n。

碱金属alloy: 合金使成合金bronze：青铜色的n. 青铜(铜和锡的合金）brass：[brɑs］n。

黄铜(铜和锌）要求学生会区别黄铜及青铜的不同翻译Poison:毒物毒药t. 毒害放毒下毒Proton：n。

质子Nulei: n。

核（nucleus的复数形式）［’njuklɪəs］Identical : adj . 同一的Chirality n. 手性手征和Handeness的区别Amino acid ：n。

氨基酸Alanine: n.丙氨酸2。

课文中重点词组（phrase）Chemical change: 化学变化physical change：物理变化Explore: 探险研究research investigate studyIsolate：分离chemical bonds 化学键chemical reaction：化学反应Natural substance 天然物质Coke :焦炭carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Carbon Dioxide 二氧化碳Chemical bond 化学键fundamental principle 基本原理The periodic table of elements ：元素周期表numbers of protons 质子数atomic number 原子序数covalent bonds 共价键positive 正阳性negative 负阴性3. 课文中重点句子The first and most important principle is that chemical substances are made up of molecules in which atoms of various elements are linked in well-defined ways。