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2024年大国外交与全球政策英文版2024 Foreign Diplomacy and Global PolicyIn the year 2024, the landscape of international relations is shaped by the interactions between major nations and their global policies. This document aims to provide an overview of the key events and trends in foreign diplomacy and global policy for the year.Major PlayersThe major nations driving foreign diplomacy in 2024 include the United States, China, Russia, the European Union, and India. Each of these countries plays a significant role in shaping global policies and influencing international relations.United StatesThe United States continues to lead in global affairs, focusing on promoting democracy, human rights, and free trade. Under the leadership of President X, the US is actively engaged in addressing key issues such as climate change, security threats, and economic challenges.ChinaChina's foreign diplomacy in 2024 is marked by its efforts to expand its influence in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. With the Belt and Road Initiative and other strategic projects, China is positioning itself as a key player in global affairs.RussiaRussia's foreign policy in 2024 is characterized by its assertive stance on key international issues, including conflicts in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. President Y's administration is focused on protecting Russian interests and asserting its influence on the global stage.European UnionThe European Union remains a key player in global affairs, emphasizing multilateralism, cooperation, and unity. In 2024, the EU is focused on addressing challenges such as Brexit, migration, and security threats, while also promoting economic growth and sustainable development.IndiaIndia's foreign diplomacy in 2024 is driven by its growing economy and strategic partnerships with key nations. Prime Minister Z's administration is focused on enhancing India's role in regional and global affairs, while also addressing domestic challenges and promoting inclusive growth.Global TrendsOverall, the year 2024 is marked by increasing complexity and interconnectedness in global affairs. Key trends include the rise of non-state actors, the impact of technology on diplomacy, and the growing importance of multilateral institutions in addressing global challenges.In conclusion, 2024 is a pivotal year for foreign diplomacy and global policy, with major nations playing a crucial role in shaping the future of international relations. By understanding the dynamics of these interactions and trends, we can better navigate the complexities of the global landscape and work towards a more peaceful and prosperous world.。

山西省大同市第一中学校2024-2025学年九年级上学期第一次月考英语试题一、听力选择1．A．B．C．2．A．B．C．3．A．B．C．4．A．B．C．5．A．B．C．6．A．Silent.B．Friendly.C．Humorous.7．A．Enjoyable.B．Difficult.C．Simple.8．A．A doctor.B．A driver.C．A policeman.9．A．In the square.B．In the supermarket.C．In the camera store.10．A．Going to London to study.B．Finding an Indian roommate.C．Understanding Indian English.本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容和所提出的五个问题，从每小题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

11．What does the big snowman look like?A．A lion.B．A bear.C．A pig.12．How is the weather?A．Snowy.B．Cloudy.C．Windy.13．How does the speaker like riding bikes on the ice?A．Exciting.B．Tiring.C．Dangerous.14．What are the girls doing?A．Making a snowman.B．Taking pictures.C．Fixing their cameras. 15．What will the speaker do next?A．Have a rest.B．Clean the area.C．Drink some water.二、听力填空本题你将听到一个语篇，请根据所听内容，完成下面的句子，并将获取的信息写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Hardware system of modular design for stackable wooden partitions up to 100 and 150 kg (220 and 330 lbs.) per panel.D e s c r i p t i o nThanks to the modular track system and its unrivalled cornering technique, Hawa Variotec 150 H enables the quick realization of all design concepts for room partitions. This hardware system allows straight running tracks / bottom guide channels and curved segments of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees to be combined to form custom-ized configurations. Different trolleys are required depending on the door weight (100 or 150 kg / 220 or 330 lbs.).Test certificates ot the Landesgewerbeanstalt Bayern (LGA) in Nuremberg confirm the hardware system‘s high functionality and resistance to wear.In principle, a version without bottom guide channels is possible. However, we recommend using them since this makes opening and closing the partitions more convenient.A p p l i c a t i o n sThis hardware system is suitable for use wherever high quality and quiet operation are called for, e.g. in hotels, restaurants, banks, open-plan offices and exclusive interior designs.F e a t u r e s o f t h e H a w a V a r i o t e c150H•Modular system•Trolley with two-point guide•Progressively adjustable height + 6 /-••Minimum axis radius 4000 mm (13'••Secure locking•Small space requirement in stacking areaL a y o u t e x a m p l e sThe layout examples shown below demonstrate the many varied and creative application possibilities of the Hawa Variotec 150 H hard- ware system.D o o r t y p e sDifferent door types can be combined to accommodate customized design preferences and creative solutions.Suspension profile: 10347 /11004Cover cap: 20907Suspension profile: 14232Cover cap: 14211Brush seal: 16797 /13791P a n e l c e n t e r i n gDoor panels must be centred to ensure flush fitting.Version AWith customer-suppliedwooden stripsVersion BWith Hawa seal profile,plain anodised aluminium (13528)including black rubber profile (13571)P r o t e c t i v e e d g e t r i m sE x a m p l e 1: L o c ki n g a t h a n d l e h e i g h tBar bolt lock code 19592 allows locking the sliding door at handle height.E x a m p l e 2:F l o o r l o c k i n gThe deadbolt lock code 10726 provides unobtrusive, barely visible locking at the panel bottom edge.Locking with bottom guide channelLocking with floor-mounted sleeve code 13787Q u o t e p r e p a r a t i o n a n d d e s i g nWe require the following details to prepare a quote and design version for you:•Clearance dimensions•Quantity of sliding doors•Quantity of pivot doors•Quantity of sliding pivot doors•Door width•Door height•Door thicknessO r d e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s•Quantity and type of components for sliding doors, pivot doors and sliding pivot doors•Quantity, type and length of running track •Quantity and type of running track accessories •Quantity, type and length of bottom guide channel •Quantity and type of bottom guide channel accessories •Quantity and length of seal profile•Quantity and length or rubber profile•Quantity, type and length of Hawa protective edge trim •Quantity and type of locks•Quantity and type of lock accessoriesP l a n n i n g/i n s t a l l a t i o nFor planning and installation purposes, please use the installation drawing code 21718 (parallel) or 21719 (90°) (→ www.hawa.ch → Hawa Productfinder)。

广东省陆河外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题一、阅读理解If you’re interested in increasing your academic knowledge, consider taking an online college course.Open CultureIt provides access to over 1,700 college courses for free. They’re chosen from subjects like literature and computer science or specific schools like Harvard and Oxford. If you want to obtain an online degree, you pay the relevant fees. The site also provides access to certificates, movies, and e-books. Some course categories include:ArchitectureCommunicationFutureLearnIt offers free membership classes in several subjects, like law and literature, taught by college professors and industry experts. Premium (高级) membership courses are available for a fee. There are various course types, which are short courses, online degrees, ExpertTracks and Microcredentials. You can complete the courses at your own pace. Featured courses include: Copywriting FundamentalsA Beginner’s Guide to Fashion DesignAcademic EarthIt matches prospective students with online coursework, either to audit (旁听) or work towards a degree. It’s free to audit classes, but if you seek course credits, you pay a fee before attending the class. You may also select the university you wish to receive your online degree based on the ones the site offers. Its degree program includes subjects like:BusinessEducationCourseraIt affords students access to free courses and paid degree courses from several distinguishedinternational colleges and universities. From the site, you can explore earning a certification or a degree based on your learning goals. If you’re seeking a new career path, the site can help you with the process by offering courses to develop your skills and earn professional documents. A few of the free classes offered include:Financial MarketsIntroduction to Psychology1．What is special about FutureLearn’s courses?A．They can all be learned flexibly.B．They all belong to premium members.C．They’re all related to law and literature.D．They’re all taught by college professors. 2．If you want to make a career change, which will you go to for a new skill?A．Academic Earth.B．Open Culture.C．FutureLearn.D．Coursera.3．What do the online learning platforms have in common?A．They’re fit for beginners with free time.B．They specifically serve working people.C．They only charge for their certain courses.D．They offer courses for awarding degrees only.“I never could have imagined this is how my life could turn out,” says Melody Mnisi. “Now it’s my dream to introduce young people to nature and to inspire young African women like me to believe anything is possible.” Melody is a 23-year-old South African and has just qualified as a field guide. Despite growing up very close to Kruger National Park, a world-famous safari (游猎) destination, she never had the chance to see or enjoy its wildlife. “This was something for white people, not poor black people like me,” she says. “I always wondered what was on the other side of the fence.” But everything changed for Melody when she completed a Wild Shots Outreach (WSO) photography course, learning how to use a camera and going on her first-ever game drive. “I could not believe my eyes, seeing all this wildlife and capturing my memories and stories,” she says. “It is such an honor to be in nature.”WSO is the educational outreach arm of Wild Shots, a photography conference in Africa that ran for nine years prior to 2020. Its aim is to engage disadvantaged young Africans in wildlifeconservation through photography and by providing an introduction to the natural world, helping to nurture (培育) the conservationists of tomorrow.The initiative came about in 2015 and was the passion project of Mike Kendrick, a life-science teacher and photographer. Moving to the Greater Kruger area to live in the bush, Mike was discouraged to see the lack of engagement between young South Africans and their natural environment. Not only that, in six years of helping to run Wild Shots, he did not come across a single wildlife, landscape or outdoor photographer of color in South Africa.4．What can we learn about Melody Mnisi?A．She helped set up WSO.B．She was born a photographer.C．She was grateful to be a field guide.D．She shared photos of wildlife online. 5．What has changed Melody’s life?A．WSO photography course.B．Her willingness to help others.C．Mike Kendrick’s encouragement.D．Her curiosity about the safari destination.6．Which is among the reasons why WSO is held?A．To raise money.B．To prevent illegal hunting.C．To stop wildlife trade.D．To nurture wildlife protectors.7．What might be talked about following the last paragraph?A．Comments from Melody.B．The promotion of WSO.C．Poor life of South Africans.D．The details of photographs taking,Many people view cities largely in negative terms — as crowded, dirty, unhealthy environments that are breeding (繁殖) grounds for disease and crime. People fear that as cities get bigger, living conditions will get worse. To a growing number of economists, urban planners, and environmentalists, urbanization is good news. Many planners now believe big cities offer a solution to dealing with the problem of Earth’s growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one person who believes that cities bring largely positive benefits. Glaeser’s optimism is reflected in the title of his book The Triumph of the City. Glaeser argues that poor people flock to cities because that’s usually where the money is. Citiesare productive because of “the absence of space between people”, which reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities attract and reward smart people with higher wages, and they enable people to learn from one another. In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information. “They value knowledge over space. That’s what the modern city is all about.”Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand. From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs.Despite the negative aspects such as pollution and serious problems like urban slums, it is a mistake to see urbanization as evil; instead, we should view it as an inevitable part of development. Rapid growth itself is not the real problem — the larger issue is how to manage the growth. 8．Why does the author mention the New York Stock Exchange in Paragraph 2?A．To indicate the space there is valuable.B．To show how goods can be exchanged.C．To illustrate the importance of information flow.D．To describe what a modern city should look like.9．The underlined word “champion” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to a person who ________.A．advocates something B．challenges somethingC．achieves something D．protects something10．Stewart Brand believes that ________.A．urbanization would be more disastrousB．life in cities is more economical than in rural areasC．public transportation consumes more energy in citiesD．people living in rural areas have less impact on the environment11．How does the author support Stewart Brand’s idea in Paragraph 3?A．By quoting authorities.B．By making comparisons.C．By analysing the causes.D．By criticizing opposing views.We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike.Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency.However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole.That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it.12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The importance of academic writing.B．The potential users of AI-powered writing.C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars.D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses.13．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI?A．Negative.B．Dismissive.C．Positive.D．Unclear. 14．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities?A．Fund sponsors.B．Individual instructors.C．Would-be graduates.D．Producers of AI tools.15．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing?A．A wet blanket.B．A pie in the sky.C．A double-edged sword.D．A big fish in a small pond.How to Fall Back in Love with ReadingDo you remember the last time you spent time reading books for pleasure? In the age of digital distractions, it is easy to struggle to find the time and headspace to get lost in literature.16 The following tips will help you fall in love with reading again.17 Whether it’s a thriller, romance, or even an on-fiction book about your favorite hobby, make sure you choose something that will hold your attention from beginning to end. If you’re unsure where to start, ask your friends or family for recommendations, checkout online reviews, or browse through your local bookstore or library.Set aside time for reading books. Whether it’s 20 minutes before bedtime or an hour on your lunch break, carving out sometime in your schedule will make it easier to sit down and read. And if you find that you don’t have much free time, try listening to audiobooks. 18 Keep a reading journal. In your journal, you can write down your thoughts about what you’re reading or graffiti pictures inspired by the book. 19 This is a great way to engage with what you’re reading on a deeper level and a fun way to document your reading journey.Make reading a social activity. Whether you start a book club with your friends or join an online reading group, being able to discuss what you’re reading with others can make theexperience more enjoyable. 20A．Find a book that interests you.B．Create a positive reading routine.C．But that doesn’t mean reading books is a thing of the past!D．By this way, you can easily fit reading into your busy lifestyle.E．Plus, it’s a great way to get recommendations for what to read next!F．The others in your book club may come from different backgrounds.G．It doesn’t have to be very involved, just a couple of sentences to jog your memory.二、完形填空Twenty years ago, I was months into my first job at a start-up independent publishing company in New York.One afternoon, I 21 a train with a load of hot-off-the-press catalogues (目录薄) our first to list every one of our titles. I was on my way to 22 my aunt, who’d agreed to 23 them to her friends.Back then, I was much less 24 ; somehow I made it on the train but I hadn’t had time to buy a 25 . I figured I’d buy one on board. When the conductor came to stand next to me, I opened my 26 and found nothing inside. They didn’t 27 credit cards back then. I was told to get off at the next station. 28 ,the man next to me handed $15 to the conductor. I was beyond grateful and 29 ; I promised him I would send him a check, which he 30 . I made him write down his address, though.Later, I wrote a check, 31 it in a letter, and sent it off. I expressed my 32 again and included my email address. Soon he emailed me and we 33 a lasting friendship.That 34 action has stayed with me .Thinking about that day, I 35 myself to be much kinder to strangers and to focus on the good in people.21．A．came across B．rushed onto C．passed by D．looked for 22．A．visit B．help C．rescue D．introduce 23．A．return B．explain C．connect D．distribute 24．A．determined B．objective C．organized D．professional25．A．ticket B．card C．gift D．book 26．A．parcel B．wallet C．envelope D．bottle 27．A．cancel B．reject C．provide D．accept 28．A．Naturally B．Unexpectedly C．Doubtfully D．Disagreeably 29．A．embarrassed B．disturbed C．annoyed D．dissatisfied 30．A．gave away B．checked out C．laughed off D．sent back 31．A．lost B．unfolded C．noticed D．enclosed 32．A．appreciation B．admiration C．amazement D．approval 33．A．destroyed B．inspired C．formed D．reported 34．A．romantic B．generous C．emergent D．symbolic 35．A．force B．allow C．warn D．remind三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

DB公共场所双语标志英文译法第1部分：道路交通和旅游景点ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF PUBLIC SIGNSPART 1：ROAD AND SCENIC AREA SIGNS成都市质量技术监督局发布前言本标准附录A、附录B为规范性附录。

本标准由成都市质量技术监督局提出。

本标准主要起草单位：成都语言桥翻译有限责任公司。

本标准参加起草单位：成都市质量技术监督局、成都市旅游局、成都市民政局、成都市交通委员会、成都市建设委员会。

本标准主要起草人：朱宪超、秦小廷、李国安、冯黎黎、涂强。

公共场所双语标志英文译法第1部分：道路交通和旅游景点1 范围本标准规定了成都市道路交通和旅游景点双语标志英文译法的原则。

本标准适用于成都市道路交通和旅游景点中的英文标志。

2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。

凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。

凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB/T 16159 – 1996 汉语拼音正词法基本规则3 术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本标准：3.1地名PLACE NAMES人们对各个地理实体赋予的专有名称。

3.2地名专名SPECIAL NAMES地名中用来区分各个地理实体的词。

3.3地名通名COMMON NAMES地名中用来区分地理实体类别的词。

4 总则4.1 道路交通和旅游景点双语标志的英文译法基本模式一般为：地名专名（音译）+地名通名（意译），专名的音译和通名的意译全部字母大写。

4.2 道路交通和旅游景点双语标志的英文译法应符合国际通用惯例，遵循英语语言习惯，同时考虑汉语地名命名的特殊性。

4.3 本标准汉语拼音用法应符合GB/T 16159 的要求。

地名的罗马字母拼写为汉语拼音字母（不得使用威妥玛式拼法）。

4.4 道路交通和旅游景点标志上地名的英译文中一般不使用冠词，尽量不使用介词。

Road Hog® 4 ConsoleA. General:1. The lighting control console shall be a Flying Pig Systems Road Hog console.The console shall be available from Barco Lighting Systems, Inc., 2105 GracyFarms Lane, Austin, TX 78758, USA.2. The lighting control system shall be designed specifically for the control of stage,studio, touring and entertainment lighting systems.3. A company having over 20 years experience in the control of entertainmentlighting shall manufacture the lighting control system.4. The equipment shall be ETL listed.5. Systems that do not provide the features listed below shall not be acceptable.B. Hardware:1. The console shall be constructed of a rugged aluminum chassis with powdercoated panels and faceplates. An elbow rest shall be provided.2. A universal 90 – 250V 50/60 Hz power factor corrected power supply shall beincorporated.3. The console shall contain a G850 2.9 GHz processor on an industrialmotherboard.4. A solid state high performance internal hard disk drive shall be provided5. Controls shall consist of keypad, four (4) rotary encoders knobs and twelve (12)User Keys. There shall be ten (10) user programmable, Penny & Giles faderswith associated illuminated enable buttons on the playback portion of theconsole.6. The console shall have one (1) 22” 10 point multi touch sensitive colour displayscreen.7. One (1) desklight is provided, using dimmable white LEDs for illumination. Adimmable white LED worklight shall be on the front of the console along with dual blue LED marker lights.8. One (1) external DVI-D monitor shall be supported. External touchscreenmonitors shall be supported.9. The following interfaces shall be provideda. Five (5) Universal Serial Bus portsb. Four (4) 5-pin XLR DMX outputsc. One (1) gigabit Fast Ethernet using rugged Neutrik Ethercon connectord. One (1) DVI-D monitor output10. The console shall be capable of outputting four DMX universes via 5-pin XLRconnectors and up to 8 universes of DMX over ArtNet and sACN directly.11. External network output devices can be attached to expand DMX outputcapability (no limit).12. The console shall be 759mm x 572mm x 310mm weight, weighing 19.4 kg.13. The user shall make operating software upgrades via USB flash drive. Nochanging of internal components shall be required. USB connected accessories shall also be upgradeable via USB flash drive.14. Midi and SMPTE Timecode functionality may be added through use of externalwidgets.15. The control console shall be supplied witha. Power cordb. USB Flash drive (Storage)c. USB Flash drive (Restore)d. Dust coverC. Programming and playback:1. The controller’s capacities shall be: 8192 multi-parameter luminaires, anunlimited number of simultaneous crossfades, and up to 65,536 cues, cue lists,chases, scenes, palettes, groups, and pages. There shall be no specific limit on the number of DMX universes supported.2. The console shall contain a library that addresses moving lights of all majormanufacturers as well as other lighting devices such as color scrollers. Thecontrol console shall contain an inherent mapping of fixtures for the variousattributes associated with automated and fixed focus lighting units.3. Multiple fixture types shall be simultaneously supported and any fixture may bepatched to any address on any universe.4. The console shall follow an industry standard command line programmingsyntax.5. The console shall contain the capacity to program unlimited multi-part cues,automated preset focus updating, and shall be able to track changes to themodifications of previously recorded cues. Each element of programming in aCue shall possess independent timing and fade path settings. Cue timing options shall include: fade, delay, or manual (all with in/out option). Times may beprogrammable from 0.0 seconds to several days.6. The console shall provide complete programming manipulation including move,copy, merge, mask, as well as comprehensive patch features for profiles,proportional patching, parking, etc.7. The console will provide a multi-level undo/redo function and an online helpsystem.8. The console shall be equipped with an effects engine that shall instantly generatecomplex effects including those commonly referred to as "rainbows" and"ballyhoos". Chases shall have fully adjustable direction, crossfading, and rates.9. The controller shall provide unlimited simultaneous playback of independent cuelists, chases, or scenes on up to 10 Playback masters on the console. Additional Playback masters may be added with expansion wing units and virtual masters.Masters shall also be able to provide inhibitive intensity control of some or allfixtures.10. Cue lists, scenes, and inhibitives shall be dynamically assigned to Masters andgrouped together on a Page. Changing Pages shall load a new set of cue lists,scenes and inhibitives to the Masters.11. The controller shall possess advanced Page features including: instant changes,crossfading between pages, flexible sizes, automatic holdover and remain inbackground.12. Custom settings shall be provided for Go and Flash buttons, Cues, Cuelists, andsubmasters: activation, precedence (HTP or LTP), resetting, inhibitive, etc.13. There shall be a main set of playback controls providing Go, Halt/Back, StepForward, Step Back, Go To, Release and Assert buttons.14. A rear-illuminated multi-mode trackball for focusing or pointing, a next fixturebutton for quick fixture selection, a live button that shall instantly select specified fixtures, a snapshot function named "suck" for active cues, and a blindprogramming mode shall be provided.15. The control console shall provide instant access to fixtures, groups, and palettesvia touch-sensitive displays. The displays shall contain numerous windows to give feedback on programming and fixture status. If connected to two external displays, all four displays may simultaneously show different windows, windows may be sized and moved on any display as desired, and custom configured views may be saved and instantly recalled.16. All items may be given useful names to simplify operation.17. The software will allow for custom mapping of function of fixture parameters toany of the five main encoders. Custom maps will be able to be stored andrecalled by means of the User Kind keys.18. The software will allow for the networking of multiple consoles across a network,and will allow for the presence of multiple servers on the same show. Thesoftware will allow for full network failover.19. The software will be separated into various processes, allowing for greaterredundancy and the ability to restart said processes without requiring to reboot the console.20. Each DMX Processor 8000 process will allow for up to eight discrete streams ofMidi or SMTPE time code to be handled by the software, without any specific limits to total number of streams.21. The software will allow for a ‘console lock’ to be activated by the programmer.22. GUI elements will be able to be set to different sizes and colours, and whenrecalled will remember these settings.23. GUI User Kind widget, to allow representation of User Keys.D. Peripheral equipment:1. A range of optional complementary equipment shall be available from consolemanufacturer and shall include the following:a. DMX processor providing sixteen universes of DMX output via XLR or Art-Net. It shall be possible to connect multiple DMX processors via Ethernet.b. USB DMX Widgetc. USB DMX Super Widgetd. USB DMX Super Duper Widgete. USB Timecode widget providing LTC inputf. USB Playback wingg. USB Master wingh. USB Nano wingE. Provide the followingQty Part number Description- 61020006 Road Hog 4 Control Console (road case not included)- 61070011 Road Hog Roadcase- 62040004 Hog DMX Processor 8000 (16 DMX outputs, 8192 channels, rack mount) - 62040002 Wholehog DMX Processor 8000 Expander- 74040007 Hog DMXWidget (black)- 74040008 Hog Super Widget (black)- 74040009 Hog Midi/SMTP Time CodeWidget (black)- 61040060 Playback Wing 4- 61040062 Master Wing 4- 90903068 Hog USB Flash Drive Red (Restore)- 90903067 Hog USB Flash Drive- A5040001 Superwidget Expansion Kit- 61070012 Playback /Master Wing 4 Roadcase- 61040029 Hog Desk Light。

travelThe greaT new geTawaysBreak into the plush comforts of 15 brand new hotels around the globe with inspired decors, personalised service and stunning locations. early check-out unlikely. By Kylie ng1Kasara Niseko Village Townhouse is YTL Hotels’latest launch, tucked in the acclaimed KasaraNiseko integrated resort at the base of Mount Niseko Annupuri, Hokkaido. It is a collection of townhouses that exhibit bona fide Japanese charm, illustrated in the use of shibumi minimalism in its design. The rooms feature tatami furnishings, shoji screens and lush fur throws. The resort is surrounded by blithely entertainment options like golf, horseback riding and posh dining—including an up-and-coming brasserie helmed by Michelin-starred chef Johann Lafer. From US$2,000 (S$2,527) per night for a 3-bedroom townhouse. Higashiyama Onsen, Niseko-cho, Abuta-gun, Hokkaido. Tel: +81 136 44 22112Rosewood Beijing, the premier Chinese hotelunder the Rosewood Hotels & Resorts brand,opens this month. The hotel presents an uninhibited view of the iconic CCTV tower and glitzy urban lights. Guests will find themselves checking in to a deluxe home; the rooms come with walk-in closets and artworks from Beijing’s promising artists.To mark its launch in October, Rosewood Beijing will offer a Time to Discover opening package valid from 20 October 2014 to 28 February 2015. Prices upon enquiry. Jing Guang Centre, Hujialou, Chaoyang District, Beijing. Tel: +86 10 6597 8888 3Dubbed the Silicon Valley of China, Chengdu now plays host to The St. Regis Chengdu. Thelatest addition to the Starwood brand, it is positioned at the intersection of the city’s commercial and luxury retail districts. The rooms are decked ina fusion of 1920s Art Deco elements and Szechuan heritage. A total of six restaurants and lounges offer a variety of cuisines; don’t miss the signature afternoon tea, as well as an oriental Chuan Mary, a fiery version of the notable St. Regis Bloody Mary Cocktail. Till 3 March 2015, The St. Regis Chengdu has an introductory offer of RMB1,750 (S$359) for an overnight stay in a deluxe room. 99, Tidu Street, Chengdu, Sichuan. Tel: +86 28 6287 66664Revel in a swanky beachfront vacation at The Sanchaya . Opened just last month, the estate is a collection of 21 villas and nine suites that are all furnished with Bang & Olufsen televisions and sound systems, and silky bed and bath linens. The different villas embody design influences from all over Southeast Asia, including Indochina and Brunei. For a slow afternoon indoors, guests can book wine, cheese and chocolate tastings either at the resort’s tasting room or in their own villas. From US$560 (S$708) for a night’s stay at a junior suite. Lagoi Bay Village Lot B4 Bintan Resorts, Lagoi, Bintan. Tel: +62 770 692 2115Escape the city buzz and head up to Mekong Villas , the latest member of the Secret Retreats collection. The collection of villas offers an excellent sight of Laos and the Mekong River, while its decor reflects the unspoiled allure of its lush surroundings. The rich local flavours, presented in the rustic architecture and the seasonal menu served up at the villas, make for an idyllic getaway. For leisure, paddle on the expansive Mekong with the canoes available. From THB3,000 (S$118) per night in a log cabin, minimum three nights stay. 96 Moo 6, Leab Mekong River Road, Ban Kok Pai, Pakchom District, Loei Province. Tel: +66 0 2222 12906Soak up the charm that Indochina has to offer at The Reverie Saigon . Housed in the brand new 39-storey Times Square building in Ho Chi Minh City, The Reverie is home to The Long @ Times Square, outfitted with the longest street-level bar counter in the city. Drinks aside, the hotel serves up an array of international cuisine, such as Cantonese fare and artisanal Italian pizzas and pastas. Traverse the city like royalty with the luxury house cars, including Bentleys, Rolls-Royces and Mercedes. From US$450(S$568) for a night in a guestroom. 22-36 Nguyen Hue Blvd., Dong Khoi St., District 1, Ho Chi Minh City. Tel: +84 8 6268 1888>The reVeriesaigontravel7The first Mondrian hotel outside of the U.S., theMondrian London at Sea Containers, throwsits doors open this month. Just minutes fromits doorstep lies a wealth of diverse culture: the Tate Modern, Borough Market and the Southbank Centre. Designer Tom Dixon used the building’s proximityto the river to unleash a transatlantic travel-inspired facade. The building was fashioned to look like a cruise liner docked in London: curved walls throughout the hotel suggest ocean waves, rooms are decked with rosewood doors to feel like cabins, and bathroom mirrors resemble portholes. From £200 (S$415) per night in a standard room. 20 Upper Ground, London. Tel: +44 0808 234 95238With rooms and villas sporting bright colours andclear views of the coast, the Agalia Luxury Suitesis perfect for the modern traveller. Individual chambers feature exquisite marble and avant-garde artwork. Reinvigorate one’s senses by opting for yoga lessons or dining leisurely with top Greek wines at the resort’s sea-view restaurant. From €190 (S$310) per night for a Junior suite, Ios Island, Tzamaria.Tel: +30 210 321 87549The Sunborn London combines the intimacyoffered by a private yacht with all theconveniences of an upscale hotel—from a classyrestaurant,conferencerooms to aprogressive gym. The magnificent vessel features 138 spacious bedrooms, and is outfitted with teak wood, amajestic glass staircase and extensive decks that offer unparalleled views of the London skyline. Givenits prime location at the Royal Victoria Docks, the hotel is set to attract both corporate and leisure globetrotters. From £250 (S$713) for a night aboard atwin-occupancy yacht bedroom. Royal Victoria Dock, L ondon. Tel: +44 0 203 714 811110Nothing illustrates joie de vivre quite as muchas being in the heart of Paris, and livingthe life at Le Cinq Codet. A new bespoke establishment pioneered by famed designer Jean-Philippe Nuel, the hotel was crafted to have guests enjoy their rooms as if they were in their own lavish Parisian homes. The rooms resemble sophisticated collectors’ lofts, with large picture windows and well-lit interiors adorned with art pieces. Expect to take carefree strolls from the hotel to the Eiffel Tower and the Invalides, just like locals do. From €350 (S$572) per night for a standard room. 5 Rue Louis Code, Paris. Tel: +33 1 5385 1560 11Opened this August, The Peninsula Paris is mere footsteps away from the Arc de Triompheand Avenue des Champs Elysées, and was meticulously refurbished by expert stonemasons. Of the 34 extravagant suites, three are one-of-a-kind themed apartments: The Historic Suite, The Katara Suite and The Peninsula Suite. Guests can also relish a slice of Hong Kong at the LiLi Restaurant in the hotel which serves up signature Cantonese fare. From €795 (S$1,300)le cinq codeTThe peninsulaparisthe resort overlooks a breathtaking gorge,while its décor reflects the surrounding natureand incorporates architecture of ancientforts and Omani elements. Guests can alsorecharge at Spa Alila, or take it slow at theoutdoor pools. From US$530 (S$670) per night ina suite. Plot No.4 Al Roose, Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa.Tel: +968 2534 420014Relive Robinson Crusoe’s paradiseat the One&Only HaymanIsland. Enthroned in the midstof the Great Barrier Reef, the ultra-luxuryprivate island resort is shrouded by theisland’s astonishing natural beauty. Awake toper night for a standard room. 19 Avenue Kléber, Paris.Tel: +331 5812 277712Live it up like a Sultan at the Vault Karakoy,the newest addition to The House HotelGroup which debuted in March. Thehotel, located on the stylish Bankalar Caddesi (or TheAvenue of Banks), is perfect for exploring Istanbulwith the bohemian Beyog˘lu district and the historicSultanahmet neighbourhood nearby. The Vault Karakoyretains its Ottoman opulence, seen in the marblestaircases, fireplaces and intricate columns, and payshomage to the history of its precinct with a receptionfashioned after a vintage bank teller booth and a bararea incorporating a bank vault in its design. From€239 (S$391) per night for a room. Bankalar Caddesi No. 5,Istanbul. Tel: +90 212 244 643413Retreat to the mountains, literally, witha stay at the Alila Jabal Akhdar. A gemamong the Al Hajar Mountains in Oman,generous views of the ocean, and lounge away by thepool or on the pristine white sand beaches. Guests canalso participate in outdoor activities like barramundifeeding, wallaby spotting and water sports ranging fromwakeboarding to diving. One&Only Hayman Islandoffers a range of suites, villas and penthouses, to caterfor couple getaways or family holidays. From AUD$730(S$846) per night for a Lagoon Room. Great Barrier Reef,Queensland. Tel: +61 7 4940 123415Walk on the wild side with a break at PikaiaLodge, located in the untouched greenery ofthe Galapagos Archipelago. The eco-resortis enclosed by a UNESCO-minted marine reserve andthe grounds include a wild giant tortoise sanctuary. Themain building presides over two extinct volcanic craters,while the rooms are tucked away in the slopes, offeringspectacular sights of the Galapagos National Park,tropical cloud forests and the Pacific Ocean. From US$3,230(S$4,078) for a 4D/3N package in a superior room. Santa CruzIsland, Galapagos Islands. Tel: +593 4371 1670 533 e。

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or__2__.This word"Caravanserais"is a__3__of the Persian word"karvan",which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to __4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the __6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road__7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed__9__they could be reached in a day's travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them, greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and__15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120,000to15, 000caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect5.[A]apart from[B]instead of[C]such as[D]along with6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed9.[A]so that[B]even if[C]now that[D]in case10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting11.[A]By the way[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]As a result12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status13.[A]with regard to[B]in spite of[C]as well as[D]in line with14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed16.[A]rather[B]indeed[C]otherwise[D]however17.[A]go in for[B]stand up for[C]close in on[D]stock up on18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change—that’s very lopsided,”she claims.“There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers, policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panic.B.she denies the value of scientific work.C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph5A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may mispresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forcesText2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt tocreate large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph2was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.pared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.Text3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?A.their customers remain royalB the credit limit will be removedC.their stock is underestimatedD.the book market is rather slack34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerablyB Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's booksD Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A Small publishers ought to stick togetherB Big publishers will lose their dominanceC The publishing industry is having a hard timeD The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected bythe title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.In2016,researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind.These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.In other instances,there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than150citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice.Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by[A]how many citations their works contain[B]how many times their papers are cited[C]the prestige of the people they work with[D]the status they have in scientific circles37.The support service consultancies tend to[A]recommend journals to their clients.[B]list citation patterns their clients.[C]ask authors to include extra citations[D]advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to[A]boost citation counts for certain authors[B]help scholars publish articles at low cost[C]instruct First-time contributors in citation[D]increase the readership of new journals.39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?[A]It fosters competition among citation providers[B]It has the capability to identify suspicious citations[C]It hinders the growth of"international"journals[D]It established to prevent citation manipulation40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A]Take legal action[B]Demand an apology.[C]Seek professional advice[D]Reveal their misconductPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Last year marked the150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.Jackson snapped the1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons,Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.On a late19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The team included a meteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,and an agricultural statistician.[B]Two centuries ago,the idea of preserving nature,rather than exploiting it,was a novel one to many U.S.settlers.One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C]As an effective Washington operator,Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals.He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings,to each member of Congress.“The visualization, particularly those photographs,really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”says Murphy.[D]Throughout the trip,Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the“collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture,then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom.The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times,and involved heavy,awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges,Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful,to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights,these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E]The journey officially began in Ogden,Utah on June8,1871.Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.That fall,they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans(and later miners and fur trappers)had long recognized the area’s riches,most Americans did not.That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.In addition to the entourage of scientists,the team also included artists:PainterThomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor.In quick succession,the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early1872. That March,President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park.Some locals opposed the designation,the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.“I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images,”says Hansen,journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls,Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears:100years of the national Park Service.[H]Perhaps most importantly,these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.Weeks after completing the expedition,Haydencollected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives,along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved(and that his department deserved additional funds).41.B—A—42.F—E—43.D—H—44.C—45.GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.For example,AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to'speak'to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time,AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.While working at PWC,Norbert Wirth wrote an article on AI where identified that marketers are equally eager and hesitant in adopting Al,because synthesizing all these different functions presents them with new challenges.Al can help marketers to create clear marketing messages and choose the most attractive marketing mix for each target segment.A specific example would be the use of AI in developing the customer journey by automating all the different touchpoints (when the organization should contact the potential customer)through behavioural analytics so that they are the most effective for that customer or customer group.The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines,which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections,but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing Al to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.48)Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For Al to be successful,data needs to be accessible,but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.49)lf customers are not willing to share data,Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore,unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements,the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future.Not only can Al help to create the marketing content,but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged,such as location,devices used,website interactions,and sites visited,to display marketing messages in appropriate forms,including emails,social media posts,pop-up advertisements,and banners at an appropriate frequency.50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.Understanding humans may be complicated,but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】社交媒体还可以识别包括消费者的爱好、最爱的名人和时尚等的生活习惯的选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独一无二的内容。

高二英语交通标志单选题50题1. You are driving on the road and see a sign with a white rectangle and a big red letter "P" on it. What does this sign mean?A. You can park your car here at any timeB. Parking is prohibited hereC. You can only park for a short time hereD. This is a special parking area for disabled people答案：A。

解析：A选项，白色长方形里有个红色大写“P”的标志表示可以随时停车的区域。

B选项，禁止停车的标志通常是一个红圈中间有个白色的“P”，所以B错误。

C选项，只可短时间停车的标志会有特殊的附加标识或者说明，这里只看到基本的停车标志，C错误。

D选项，残疾人专用停车区域会有特殊的标识比如轮椅标志等，D错误。

2. When you see a sign which is a circle with a number "30" in it anda red border, what should you do?A. Drive at a speed not exceeding 30 kilometers per hourB. Drive at a speed of exactly 30 kilometers per hourC. Drive at a speed more than 30 kilometers per hourD. This sign has nothing to do with speed答案：A。

解析：A选项，红圈里有数字“30”的标志表示行驶速度不能超过30千米每小时。

knowledge of the general world 例子1 .the importance of reading in english learningin language learning. reading is regarded as a major source of input，and for many efllcarners it is the most important skill in an academic context (grabe 1991). in addition, readingcan help learners extend their general knowledge of the world. in the context of china, as chineseefl learners arc learning the target languagc in anacquisition-poor environment, they need all themore to depend on reading for language and culture immersion.what is more，there is anothernecessity to chinese efl learners—reading for examinations (zhou 2003). it is obvious thatreading makes up a large proportion of the total scores in important english proficiency tests atvarious levels such as test of english as a foreign l.anguage(toefl),international englishlanguage testing system (ielts), college english test band 4(cet-4), college english testband 6 (cet-6)，test for english majors band 4 (tem-4)，test for english majors band 8(tem-8) (pu 2006). therefore, reading is considered as an essential and prerequisite ability on thepart of english majors.2.the reading process2.1 the nature of readingreading comprehension begins at the smallest and simplest language units and each singleword, scentcnce and passage carries its own mcaning independently which has no direct link withthe reader (chomsky cited in zhang & guo 2005). it is the process of acquiring information froma written or printed text. so to rcad a tcxt successfully is to know the meaning of the tcxt. (eskey2002, cited in yu 2005).another view is that reading is al “psycholinguistic guessing game" (goodman 1967, cited inzhang 2006) during which the reader can make predictions about the content ofa passageaccording to the textual clues，his prior knowledge and experience. if his predictions areconfirmed, thc rcader continucs,otherwisc，he reviscs those predictions(goodman 1967; smith1971, cited in silberstein 2002:6).from this perspective,reading can be taken as an interactive activity (eskey 1988;grabe1993,cited in hedge 2002:188) which can be understood to be a complex cognitive process inwhich the reader and the text interact to (re)create meaningful discourse(silberstein 2002:x). it isin at least two ways. firstly,the various processes involved in reading arecarried outsimultaneously.secondly, it is interactive in the sense that linguistic information from the textinleracts with information activated by the reader from his long-tcrm memory，as backgroundknowledge (grabe & stoller 2005:18).at this point, reading can also be described as a kind ofdialogue between the reader and thc text, or even between the reader and the author (widdowson1979a, cited in hedge 2002: 188).meanwhile, reading is a complex process. it involves processing ideas generated by othevsthat are transmitted through language and involvcs highly complcx cognitive processingoperations (nunan 1999, cited in yu 2005).and many processing skills are coordinated in veryefficient combinations (grabe & stoller 2005: 4).furthermore，reading is a purposeful process. we can divide the purpose into differentcategories: reading for pleasure or reading for information in order to find out something or dosomcthing with the information youget(grellet 2000: 4): to get information,to respond tocuriosity about a topic; to follow instructions to perform a task; for pleasure,amusement，andpersonal cnjoyment; to keep in touch with fricnds and collcagues; to know what is happcninginthe world; and to find out when and where things are (rivers and temperley1978: 187, cited inhedge 2002: 195).besides these，reading is a critical process. critical reading views reading as a socialengagement (kress 1985, cited in hedge 2002:197).form this viewpoint, texts are organized incertain ways by writers to shape thc perceptions of readers towards acceptancc of the undcrlyingideology of the text (hedge 2002: 197).so it is the process for the readers to 出现恶意脚本uate the writers‘attitudes or viewpoints.2.2 three components of reading2.2.1 language competencemany researchers have poinited out that l2 learners must reach a certann level of seconalanguage competence before they can smoothly read in the target language (see (rabe & stoller2005).an efficient reader can recognize and decode the words, grammatical structures and otherlinguistie features quickly, accurately, and automatically.obviously，somctimes sccond language rcadcrs havc dificultics in proccssing texts whichcontain unfamiliar elements of the english language such as the cohesive devices (hedge 2002:192)..lust as berman ( 1984,cited in hedge 2002: 193) suggests,deletion, another cohesive deviee,can make atext ‘opaque’to the reader. it seems to confirm the hypothesis that foreign languagereaders are partly dependent on processing syntactic structures successfully to get access tomeaning (hedge 2002:193).another major difficulty lies in vocabulary. language learners experience difficulty withvocabulary, but the degree of dilliculty varies with the demands of the texl, the prior knowledge ofthe reader,the degree of automaticity a learner has achieved in general word recognition，anyspecialist lexical knowledge a student might have, and the learner ‘s first language(hedge 2002:193).2.2.2 background knowledgebackground knowledge is one‘s previously acquired comprehensive knowledge or worldknowledge and one‘s special knowledge on cecrtain subjects (zhang & guo 2005). in languagclearning, especially for reading comprehension, the function of background knowledge in readingcomprehension is formularized as schema theory(bartlett 1932;rumelhart & ortony 1977;rumelhart 1980, cited in zhang 2006).the reader begins with the perception of graphic cues, butknowledge of the world in gencral arc brought into play (parry 1987: 61, cited in qian 1997).sowords in texts functionas signs within a culture-bound system, and familiar cultural schemata cansometimes be more powerful than lexical knowledge (swaffar 1988:123).if the texts are productsof an unfamiliar culture，some learners’reading problems may be caused by insufficientbackground knowledge,and a particular schema fails to exist for them because this schema isspecific to a given culture and is not part of their own background (carrcll1 1988: 245, cited inqian 1997).thereforc, comprchending a text is dcscribed as an intcractive process betwecn the reader‘sbackground knowledge and the text (qian 1997), but it depends largely on the reader rather thanon the text (carrell 1984:333;swaffar 1988: 123 , cited in qian 1997). the reason is that anytext,either spoken or written,doesn‘t by itself carry meaning and what a text provides is only thedirections as to how a reader should retrieve or construct meaning from previously acquiredknowledlge which is the recader‘s background knowledgc(zhang & guo 2005).there are two basic types of schemata: formal schemata and content schemata.formalschemata, often known as textual schemata, consists of knowledge of different text types,genres,and the understanding that different types oftexts use text organization,language structures,vocabulary, grammar, level of formality/register differently.if esl readers possess the appropriateformal schemata against which they process the discourse typc of the text and if they utilize thatformal schemata to organize their recall protocols,they will retrieve more information (carrell1984:460,cited in hedge 2002:192). therefore, the readers’background knowledge and priorexperience with textual organization can facilitate reading comprehension(pu 2006). contentschemata involve a reader‘s existent knowledge about certain topics and his general worldknowledge. the reader ‘s content schemata functions while he is trying to comprehendsubject-specific and culture-specific texts.2.2.3 reading strategiesreading strategies are defined as the mental operations involved when readers approach atext effectively and make sense of what they are reading (barnett 1988, cited in pani 2006). thesestrategies consist of cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies，william grabe 71991: 379,citedl in qian 1997) includes the into six categories:( 1 ) automatic recognition skills(2) vocabulary and structure knowledge(3) formal discourse structure knowledge(4) content/wor1d background knowledge(5) synthesis and 出现恶意脚本uation skills ( 6) metacognitive knowledge and monitoring skills2.2.3.1 cognitive strategics in rcadingcognitive stralegics are described as mental processes directly concerned with the processingof information in order to learn，that is for obtaining，storage，retri出现恶意脚本or use of information(williams & burden 2000: 148).they are involved in the analysis, synthesis, or transformation oflearning materials (ellis2000: 77).furthermore,these strategies enable readers to deal with theinformation presentcd in tasks and matcrials by working on it in different ways (hedge 20027了-t8).mikulecky (1990: 25-26) has listed 24 reading strategies which an efficient reader mustacquire:( 1 ) automatic decoding2 ) previcwing and predicting(3) specifying purpose(4) ldentifying gcnrc(5) questioning( ) scanning(7) recognizing topics( 8) classification of ideas into main topics and details(9) locating topic scntencc(10) stating the main idea of a sentence, paragraph or passage(11 ) recognizing patterns of relationships( 12)identifying and using words which signal the patterns of relationships(13) inferring the main idea, using patterns and other clues(14)recognizing and using pronouns,referents, and other lexical equivalents as clues to cohesion(15) guessing the meaning of unknown words from the context( 16) skimming(17)paraphrasing(1 8) sunmarizing(19) draw conclusions(20) draw inferences and using evidence(21) visualizing(22) reading critically(23) reading faster(24)adjusting reading rate according to materials and purposeamong these reading stratcegies/skills，some are more basic to intermediatc english majors,such as previewing and predicting, scanning. locating topic sentence,recognizing patterns ofrelationships，inferring the main ing patterns and other clues, guessing the meaning ofunknown words from the context，skimming.paraphrasing, or etc. some are more essential toadvanced english majors，such as automaticdecoding,draw conclusions,draw inferences andusing evidence, rcading critically, ctc.2.2.3.2 metacognitive strategies in readinga large body of literature on fsl/efl. reading has proved that the ability to usemetacognitive strategies is a critical component of skilled reading(grabe 1991:382, cited inqian1997). as the indispensable strategies，metacognitive strategies consist of planning for learning,thinking about lcarning and how to make it cffective，self-monitoring during lcarning, and出现恶意脚本uation of how successful learning has been after working on language in some way(hledge2002:78). when it comes to reading, metacognitive strategies involve awareness,monitoring andregulating (qian 2005).awareness includes readers’consciousness of their own reading strengths and weaknesses(mikulecky 1990: 28, citcd in qian 2005), thcir purpose of rcading, their recognition of implicit aswell as explicit information in the text (haller et al. 1988,cited in qian 2005), and their awarenessof strategies to be employed by them in the process of reading (qian 2005).monitoring can be used to adjust reading rate, check comprehension during reading,integrateprior knowledge with current information，compare main ideas，generateself-questioning andsummarize the written text (grabe 1991; haller ct al.1988, cited in qian 2005).regulating is used to redirect self-comprehension,check effectiveness of the strategies used(grabe 199 1, cited in qian 2005), and operate repair stratcgies if comprchension fails.the relationship among these is that monitoring and regulating of cognitive processingfinction on the basis of awareness (qian 2005).3. the importance of strategic processing in efl reading3.1 modes of information processing in efl readingtext comprchension requires the simultancous intcraction of two modes of informationprocessing, that is, bottom-up processing (text-based or dada driven) and top-down processingknowledge-based or conceptuallydriven)(silberstein 2002: 7).bottom-up processing refers to the decoding of the letters,words, and other language featuresin the text(hedge 2002:189). the processing occurs when linguistic input from the text ismapped against the reader ‘s cxistent linguisticknowledge, and it is also evoked by the incomingdata (silberstein 2002:7). this processing ensures the reader to be sensitive to information that isnovel or thal docs nol lit their ongoing hypothescs about the contenl or structure of the text (zhang2006). for fluent reading, the most fundamental requirement is rapid and automatic wordrecognition(grabe & stoller 2005: 20).and a fluent reader can take in and store words togetherso that basic grammatical information can be extracted to support clause-level meaning (ibid:22).so improving reading speed is an important strategy for this processing(grellet 2000:16). butthis is the basic processing mode dependent on linguistic competence and leading tocomprehension mainly on the sentence level.on the other hand,top-down processing refers to the application /of prior knowledge toworking on the meaning of a text (hedge 2002: 189). the processing occurs when readers useprior knowldgc to make predictions about thc data thcey will find in a text (silbcrstcin 2002:8). itassumes that reading is primarily directed by reader goals and expectations (grabe & stoller 2005:32). it helns the readers to resolve ambiguities or to select between alternative possibleinterpretations of the incoming data (zhang 2006).some strategies involved are:makinginferences through the context and word formation，skimming and scanning or etc (grellet2000:14-18).however, there is a qucstion about what a rcadcr could lcarn from a text if thc rcadermust first have expectations about all the information in the text (grabe & stoller 2005:32).therefore, to some extent, these views concerning processing in reading comprehension arenot entirely adequate. a more effective way is to use these two modes of processing interactively,during which one can take useful ideas from a bottom-up perspective and combine them with keyideas from a top-down view (grabe & stoller 2005: 33). it is claimed that prior knowledge andprediction facilitate the processing of input from the text. meanwhile, the integrated mode requireslinguistic pcrccption.rcaders can use bottom-up proccssing as a base for sampling data and thcnswitch totop-down process to execute higher-level interpretation of the text. furthermore, throughfurther sampling of data, readers will confirm, revise or reject predictions about the content of thetext. so these two modes of information processing are complementary to each other (qian &ding 2004).to be strategic readers,efl learners should possess theability of between bottom-upprocessing and top-down processing flcxibly to monitor and regulate the rcading process.3.2 strategy trainingmany sludies have provided suflicient evidence for the efficacy of strategy training. oneexample was a study undertaken by carrell, pharis, and liberto(1989, cited in hedge 2002:80-81)with twenty-six esl students of mixed first language backgrounds. this investigated the valuc oftwo training techniques: semantic mapping andexperience-text-relationship(etr) in pre-reading.ln the experiment, onc group of students underwent training in the semantic mapping techniqueand another underwent training in the etr technique. a third group received no training. thegroups were pre-tested and post-tested on their ability to answer multiple choice comprehensionquestions, to complete partially constructed maps of the topics of threc texts，and to create theirown semantic maps. the general results suggested that the use of both techniques enhancedthesccond-language rcading of the students involved as compared with thc group that reccive notraining.another example of such studies was undertaken with fifty-six freshmen in two classes ofchina university of geosciences (liu & zuo 2006). the students took the cet-4 reading testwhich contained five passages of different style and registers were chosen from the cet-4 test ofthe ycars 1991,1993,1995 and 1996.finally they finished arcading-stratcgy questionnaire. thisquestionnaire was aself-assessment inventory including 19 statements on afive-point scaleranging from “*strongly disagree”to"strongly agree" for ussessing the reading stralegics usedduring the three stages of reading comprehension: pre-reading stage, during-reading stage andpost-reading stage. the results indicated that reading strategies contributed a lot to the readingperformance. the students who used more reading strategies that promoted their reading scoresperformed better than those who used less reading strategies. therefore,students shouild and canbe trained to acquire and develop reading strategies to improve their reading proliciency.the above two examples show that strategy training has a significant positive effect onreading comprehension and different techniques can be employed for strategy trainingwhich aimsto help learners apply strategies to upgrade their reading ability. the use of cognitive strategiesand metacognitive strategies enhance the second-language reading (hedge 2002:8) and facilitatescomprehension ( ibid.79).furthermore, these strategies make the readers become more self-reliant,responsible,confident,motivated and autonomous when they begin to understand the relationshipbetween the use of strategies and success in reading conprchension(chamol & kupper 1989;chamot & o‘malley 1994; cited in rasekh & ranjbary 2003).4.summarymany researchers have done lots of elaborated studies on strategic reading. although manystudics have provided us with much enlightcnmcnt, they cither 出现恶意脚本on thc stratcgic training foresl learners as is shown in the study of carrell, pharis, and liberto, or fornon-english majors asis shown in the research of liu and7.uo.ujp to now, there have been not many studies on strategictraining in the efl reading classroom for english majors in china.under these circumstances,there is still some room for further probe in this field.so on the basis of others’studies，myrcscarch is to discuss the following questions:(1)what are the major problems in reading among english majors in china?(2)what kind of rcading stratcgics english majors frcqucntly cmploy?(3)what kind of reading strategies get much more correlation with the efficiency of reading?(4) what are the major differences between successful and less successful readers in the use ofreading strategies?the purpose of my research is to identify the reading problems of english majors, analyze theundcrlying causcs,and suggcst cffectivc ways for stratcgy training in the rcading classroom..。