上海大学 上大 2004年综合英语 答案 考研真题及答案解析

2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—11页）第Ⅱ卷（第12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（共110分）I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversations, a question will be asked about what said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about is, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 1:00 p.m. B. At 1:30 p.m. C. At 2:00p.m. D. At 2:30p.m.2. A. At a tailor’s B. At a laundry.C. At a clothing store.D. At a supermarket.3. A. Customer and cashier. B. Waitress and diner.C. Secretary and managerD. Husband and wife4. A. They are in high demand. B. They are inexpensive.C. They are not available.D. They are awful.5. A. He did better than expected. B. He failed the maths exam.C. He used to be a top studentD. He answered only 10% of the questions6. A. Interesting B. Relaxing C. Unfinished D. Disappointing7. A. He has to wait for someone else B. He has to fix the seat first.C. There is something wrong with the carD. The woman must fasten the seat belt.8. A. She won the first prize B. She was glad to hear the news.C. She did not attend the contestD. She had to help another Mary9. A. Regret B. Pain C. Surprise D. Gratitude10. A. A telephone B. An automobile C. A refrigerator D. An elevatorPart B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Disappointed B. Satisfied C. Angry D. Worried12. A. He checked out and left the hotel B. All his things were stolenC. His luggage was removed by mistakeD. He was robbed of his suitcase.13. A. He was asked to leave the hotel B. The receptionist was rude to himC. All his things were in disorder.D. He was sent to a dirty room14. A. To inform parents and schools B. To pick out good studentsC. To compare teachersD. To expose poor schools.15. A. They have no trust in doctors B. They cannot afford the medical fee.C. They fear things like injectionsD. They doubt the medical treatment16. A. Teacher’s difficult life. B. Harm of divorce to families.C. Ways to become loveable kidsD. Kid’s attention-seeking behaviourPart C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Ⅱ. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices maker A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The accident is reported to have occurred __________ the first Sunday in February.A. atB. onC. inD. to26. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.A. bothB. noneC. neitherD. all27. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _________ TV.A. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch28. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when is apublic library.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need29. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormouslyever since.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been30. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat morefruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded31. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _______?A. isn’t itB. is itC. isn’t beD. is he32. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.A. as fluent asB. more fluent thanC. so fluently asD. much fluently than33. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human noseand throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. be have caused34. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt35. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded36. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom37. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the carth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walkin space.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. how38. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by allion.A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once39. Parents should take seriously their chil dren’s requests for sunglasses _________ eye protectionis necessary in sunny weather.A. becauseB. throughC. unlessD. if40. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by cleverand qualified noblemen at court.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that41. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic inthe forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring42. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.A. doctors cane to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists43. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that44.——English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?—Yes, _________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. KnowB. KnowingC. To knowD. KnownⅢ. V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there and four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.45. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _________ on the vast grasslands was a good in dicationof the better environment.A. escapeB. absenceC. attendanceD. appearance46. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hours operation to have__________ one-year-old twins at the head.A. isolatedB. separatedC. dividedD. removed47. After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself, he ________it into the sea.A. transportedB. unloadedC. releasedD. handled48. In ___________ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for theirchildren.A. traditionalB. historicC. remoteD. initial49. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _______ effects.A. promotingB. stimulatingC. enhancingD. encouraging50. The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to ________ to point.A. illustrateB. suggestC. expressD. recognize51. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and ________, fishing forms an actual partof their leisure time.A. accidentallyB. purposefullyC. obviouslD. formally52. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ inpersonality.A. contactB. contrastC. connectionD. conflict53. Chinese arts have won the _________ of a lot of people outside China.A. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. reputation54. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson________ cycling as a regular form of exercise after heretired.A. took upB. caught onC. carried outD. made forⅣ. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Adults are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 55 swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can got on a bicycle after several decades and still 56 away. A mother who has not 57 the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “ Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White.One explanation is the law of over learning, which can be stated as following: 58 we have learned something, additional learning increases the 59 of time we will remember it.In childhood, we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and 60 ourselves of poems such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We no only learn but 61 .The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, 62 it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little over learning; 64 , is usually a good investment toward the future.55. A. only B. hardly C. still D. even56. A. more B. drive C. travel D. ride57. A. thought about B. cared for C. showed up D. brought up58. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless59. A. accuracy B. unit C. limit D. length60. A. remind B. inform C. warm D. recall61. A. recite B. overlearn C. research D. improve62. A. though B. so C. if D. after63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift64. A. at most B. by the way C. on the other hand D. in the end(B)The birthrate is Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the 67if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a(n) 69 day off work.Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 70 go give young women the permanent jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假)。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section，Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5， you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table。

Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box。

2004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompanythem. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and PartC.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down youranswers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehensionsection, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from yourtest booklet to ANSWER SHEET. 1Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium.While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain ________m 2Climate near the sea Humid3Particularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July in low 13℃Brussels high ________℃ 5Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from theInstitute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences oranswer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentencesand questions below. (5 points)What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?678910Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to eachone, you will have time to read the questions related to it. Whilelistening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[D]. Afterlistening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear eachpiece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13. Several months after a baby ’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby ’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an Englishsoccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England ’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast.You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19. When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You nowhave 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET. 1Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (110 points)Manytheories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on societyas the major contributing influence. Theories 大21家on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 大22家they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learnedcriminal behavior through 大23家with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 大24家to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 大25家as a rejectionof middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 大26家the fact that children from wealthyhomes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 大27家lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are大28家to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 大29家juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 大30家to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 大31家make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 大32家lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 大33家changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 大34家, children are likely to have less supervision at home 大35家was common in the traditional family 大36家. This lack of parental supervisionis thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 大37家causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, theincreased 大38家of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 大39家of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 大40家 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEE.T(410 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmonstumbled acrossCareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but wasattracted by the site ’s “personal search agent. ” It ’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such aslocation, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmonchose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington,D.C . Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold, ” says Redmon,who E-mailedhis resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel fora company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, findingpromising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although asearch agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowingyour criteria, for example, maywork against you: “Every time you answera question you eliminate a possibility. ”says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept — whatyou think you want to do -- then broaden it. “Noneof these programs do that, ”says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in al l of this. ”Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you getE- mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a databasethat might interest me, ”says the author of a job -searching guide.Somesites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite ’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up forits service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and theydo. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase inour traffic, ”says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren ’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for theirline of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmonmaintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open, ”he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyeslooking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service ”(Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probablymeans ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite ’s agent offer each job hunter only three joboptions?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those alreadyemployed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they areemployed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discriminationhave been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continuesto thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnamesbegin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has inlife over Zo? Zysman. English namesare fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top peoplehave surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabetagainst just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world ’s three top central banker s (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world ’s five richest men(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Canthis merely be coincidence? Onetheory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot setsin early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to makeit easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, andis rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think theyhave had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications,because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidencein speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmansmost people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interestas they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiaccars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies ’names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having aZZZ”(Lines 2 -3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with Nto Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way togo.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3Whenit comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn ’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year- old manicurist isn ’t cutting, fi llingor polishing as manynails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I ’m a good economic indicator, ”she says. “I provide a service that people cando without whenthey ’re concerned about saving somedollars. ” So Sperois downscaling, shopping at middle- brow Dillard ’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don ’t knowif other clients are going to abandon me, too. ”she says.Even before Alan Greenspan ’s admission that America ’s red -hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gapoutlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already,experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy ’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they ’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices areholding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there ’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed byWall Street bonuses, ”says bro ker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco,prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, nowmaybeyou only get two or three, ” says John Tealdi,a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Manyfolks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a littlefewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside,too. Getting a table at Manhattan ’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurantused to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may stillbe worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn ’t biting her nails just yet ”(Line s 1-2,Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. Whenmentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4,Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Whycan manypeople see “silver linings ” to the economic s lowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don ’t place a very high value on intellect. Ourheroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education-- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti- intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is moreimportant than intellectual, ”says education writer DianeRavitch.“Schools could be a counterbalance. ” Ravitch ’s latest book,Left Back:A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces theroots ofanti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the lifeof the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation andcontrol. Withoutthe ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand theideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second- rate country. We will have a less civil society. ”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, ”writeshistorian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism inAmerican Life , a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From thebeginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populisturges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, commonsense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraintson children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation roomsfor 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and donot know a thing. ” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadtersays our country ’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect andtheir eagerness to identify with children whoshowthe least intellectualpromise. ”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET. (210 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers formany centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of languagehad someconnection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Twoanthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing manynative languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilatedand lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part ofthis century, however, whowere less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic ” language, were not alway s so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accusedBoas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by theUS military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir ’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of languageand thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of languagedetermines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasonedthat because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not othersin a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf cameto believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can producefar-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term issomewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported thenotion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which youshould1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWESRHEET2. (20 points)2004年考研英语真题答案SectionI: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)67. 2. 20 3. mild 4. November 5. 22highlandsPart B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [A]16. [C] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [A] 20. [C]SectionII: Use of English(10 points)21. [C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C] SectionIII: Reading Comprehension(50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [D] 44. [B] 45. [C]46. [A] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [B] 50. [D]51. [D] 52. [A] 53. [B] 54. [A] 55. [C]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [D] 59. [B] 60. [C]Part B (10 points)61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section，Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5， you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table。

Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box。

2004考研英语真题答案解析Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2Climate near the sea humid3Particularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃High ℃ 5听力原文Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal p lain’s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.解题指导：预览指导语及表格，以便对录音材料的内容大概了解，同时也是为了有针对性地听录音，捕捉每个空格的答案信息。

上海大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：综合英语SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION (45 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages, each of which is followed by some questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions in your own words on your Answer Sheet. Please note that each response should be limited to less than ten words in order to be valid.Questions 1 ~ 51. What is Bacon’s tripartite division of studies?2. What does the word “affectation” (Line 4) mean?3. What is B acon’s criterion for dividing books into three categories?4. What does the author think about Bacon’s ascribing certain virtues to individual fields of study?5. What characterizes Bacon’s “Of Studies”?Questions 6 ~ 15For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn’t be man. The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.6. What does scientific knowledge consist of?8. Does the author include the study of literature among the sciences?9. What may we expect the author to discuss in the paragraph that follows this passage?10. What distinguishes man from animal?11. What does man seek pure or theoretical knowledge for?12. Were the Greeks who studied conic sections aware of the value of their studies?13. What is the best title for this passage?14. Does the practical scientist know the value of what he will discover?15. What does the word “disinterestedly” (Last line of this passage) probably mean?SECTION 2: CLOZE (25 points)Directions: In this section, you will find a passage with 25 words missing. Read the passage carefully and then fill in each of the blanks with ONE suitable word. Remember to write your responses on your Answer Sheet.I like the idea __(1)__ “the English (language) is like an English park, which is __(2)__ out Seemingly without any definite plan, and in __(3)__ you are allowed to walk everywhere __(4)__ to your fancy __(5)__ having to fear a stern keeper enforcing rigorous regulations.” Consider that th e same cultural soil, the Celtic-Roman-Saxon-Danish-Norman almalgam, which __(6)__ the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of __(7)__ in the modern world. The first shoots __(8)__ up in England and they grew stronger in __(9)__. Churchill called __(10)__ “the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world.” At the very core of those __(11)__ are popular consent and resistance __(12)__ arbitrary authority; both are fundamental characteristics of the English language. The English-speaking people have defeated all efforts to build __(13)__ around their language, to defer __(14)__ an academyon what was permissible English and __(15)__ not. They have decided for themselves.SECTION 3: TRANSLATION (30 points)Part A: English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version on your Answer Sheet.The Rise of RealismBetween the work of Hawthorne and Melville, the major novelists of the 1850s, and the work of Twain, James and Howells, the major novelists of the last quarter of the century, falls the shadow of the American Civil War (1861—1865). In his famous Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln described the conflict in terms of epic simplicity:Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether this nation, or any other nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. In the event, the war showed that the nation could endure－but only in a permanently changed and, in some respects, a deeply scarred form.Part B: Chinese-English TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into English and write your version on yourAnswer Sheet.无人知是荔枝来在京欲食鲜荔枝者，上周可在果摊觅得。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section I Use of English1. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及动词短语知识。

C. centering on 意为“以…为中心/重点”，符合句意，且与上文呼应，为正确答案。

A. acting on意为“按照…行事”；B. relying on 意为“依靠”；D. commenting on 意为“对…进行评论”。

2. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及上下句的句义理解。

答案为D. because，引导由or 连接着的两个原因状语从句。

3. [答案] [A][ 分析] 本题考查考生的词汇知识。

A . i n t e r a c t i o n ( 互动) 符合句义，应为正确答案。

B . assimilation(同化，吸收)；C. cooperation(合作)；D. consultation(咨询)。

4. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及词语搭配知识。

跟空格前后介词in/to可以搭配，且符合句意的选项为D。

该短语意为“答复，反应，回应”。

5. [答案] [A][分析] 本题考查考生对上下句句义的理解。

空格后as 引导的为原因状语，与in response to引导的原因状语并列，都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因，故答案为A。

6. [答案] [B][分析] 本题涉及词汇知识。

B. ignoring意为“忽视，不顾”带入后，上下句语义连贯，为正确答案。

C. highlighting意为“强调，突出”；D. discarding意为“抛弃”。

7. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及介词短语知识。

C. for lack of意为“由于缺少…”，符合句意，为正确答案。

8. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及形容词短语知识。

D. be subject to意为“受…支配；遭受…影响”，符合句意，为正确答案。

A. be immune to 意为“不易受…影响”。

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notific ation of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you e liminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of thi s.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that i s added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in o ur traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation toarm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory. [B] compensation.[C] interaction. [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (includ ing his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien an d Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stoppedshowing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if oth er clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predomina ntly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.34. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal w ith bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American In dian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned thatbecause it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section III Writing46. Directions：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing，2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.完形填空翻译：许多研究青少年犯罪(即低龄人群犯罪)的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumPart BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19. When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are28 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you getE-mail, consider it a r eminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Caree rSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyeslooking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expressi on “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probablymeans ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three joboptions?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those alreadyemployed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they areemployed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has inlife over Zoë Zysman. English names a re fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidencein speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiaccars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to co mpanies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having aZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way togo.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, fi llingor polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening e conomy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland ho me, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed byWall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,”says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhatt an’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line s 1-2,Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4,Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic s lowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ra v itch’s latest bo ok, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism inAmerican Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and co llege recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectualpromise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languagesof North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” la nguage, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term issomewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) Part A (5 points)Part B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)Section II: Use of English (10 points)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points)31。

2004年考研英语试题及答案2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IListening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regionscoastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain________m2Climate near the seaHumid3Particularly rainy months of the yearsApril4Average temperat ures in July in Brusselslow 13℃high________℃5Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 wordsfor each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points) What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.(10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about namingnewborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11.What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12.The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if ________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13.Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14.How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815.In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16.After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was ________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17.Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18.Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19.When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20.What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section IIUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories （21） on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior （22） they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through （23） with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in （24）to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, （25）as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, （26） the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes （27） lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are （28） to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly （29） juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that （30）to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment （31） make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in （32） lead more youths int0 criminal behavior.Families have also （33） changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; （34）, children are likely to have less supervision at home （35） was common in the traditional family （36）. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other （37） causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased （38） of drugs and alcohol, and the growing （39） of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, （40） a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23.[A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27.[A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28.[A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29.[A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30.[A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31.[A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32.[A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33.[A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34.[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35.[A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36.[A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37.[A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38.[A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39.[A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40.[A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection IIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive fea ture that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implic it in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have tovisit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41.How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43.The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44.Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But oneinsidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48.The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to asustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51.By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53.When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54.Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economicslowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravi tch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and collegerecitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59.Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60.What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguistsin the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be knownas the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IVWriting66.Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. highlands2. 203. mild4. November5. 22Part B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)11. [D]12. [B]13. [C]14. [D]15. [A]16. [C]17. [B]18. [A]19. [A]20. [C]Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [C]22. [D]23. [A]24. [D]25. [A]26. [B]27. [C]28. [D]29. [A]30. [B]31. [A]32. [C]33. [D]34. [B]35. [A]36. [B]37. [B]38. [D]39. [A]40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C]42. [A]43. [D]44. [B]45. [C]46. [A]47. [D]48. [C]49. [B]50. [D]51. [D]52. [A]53. [B]54. [A]55. [C]56. [C]57. [A]58. [D]59. [B]60. [C]Part B (10 points)61.希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。