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山月英语学校初二同步辅导班（下册Unit 10）姓名：_______一、英汉短语互译1. 浏览2. 看起来像3. cross a busy street4. 15路公共汽车5. in an elevator6. 至少7. 相处8. 感谢信9. leave school10. on the weekend二、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词1. It will rain, don’t forget to take an u_______ with you.2. He bought a used car at a l_____ price.3. The woman is old and s______ and it took her much time to do the work.4. Do you think it’ll stop by n_______?5. They c________ the river and reached this quiet place.6. Thank you for _______(邀请) me.7. How many ________(书店) are there in your town?8. There is always a lot of _______(交通) in the centre of a city.9. —Have you ________(复习) today’s lessons? —Not yet.三、单项选择( )1. —Tony didn’t come to school, did he? —______. He was ill in bed.A. No, he didB. Yes, he didC. No, he didn’tD. Yes, he didn’t( )2. Martin is good at playing computer games, _______?A. is heB. does heC. isn’t heD. doesn’t he( )3. Thank you for _______ me to dinner.A. takeB. takingC. tookD. takes( )4. Do they enjoy _______ on the farm?A. workB. worksC. workedD. working( )5. _______ fine weather it is today!A. HowB. What aC. How aD. What ( )6. You should _______ your subject before you begin to do your homework.A. look atB. look throughC. look afterD. look in( )7. The little girl was afraid of staying _____ in the ______ house.A. alone; aloneB. alone; lonelyC. lonely; lonelyD. lonely; alone ( )8. I bought a new bike and it ______ me 350 yuan.A. paidB. spentC. tookD. cost( )9. He raised his voice to make us in the room_____ him clearly.A. heardB. hearC. to hearD. hearing( )10. —What’s the weather like today? —It’s nice and ______. You can go for a walk.A. windyB. rainC. sunnyD. sandy( )11. I didn’t have a good time until you _________.A. came toB. get toC. came alongD. get along( )12. ______ you ever ________ it before?A. Did; seeB. Have; seenC. Do; seeD. Does; see( )13. —Could you help me _______ my homework, dear? —Of course. I’d glad to.A. atB. inC. withD. for( )14. Please wait _______ me ________ the bus stop.A. at; forB. for; atC. to; ofD. for; for四、阅读理解David has had such a terrible time this year that he thinks he should be in the Guinness Book of Records(吉尼斯记录大全). The trouble started one morning last January when David found that his car had gone from outside his house. He hasn’t seen it since then.In February David won $200 000 on the football polls(选票). But his joy didn’t last long-he had forgotten to post the letter. In March he bought a new car, but he hadn’t had it more than a week when someone crashed(碰撞) into the back of it. Two days ago David sat on a seat that someone had finished painting only a few minutes before.August has been the worst month so far this year. David spent three days of his holiday山月英语学校at the airport because of strikes. When he arrived home, he discovered that someone had broken into his house. His video-recorder and television had disappeared.David doesn’t know what he has done to deserve all this bad luck. He just hopes his luck will change soon.根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）( )1. David has found his car which was stolen one night last January.( )2. David feels very happy because he has won 200 000 on the football polls.( )3. David couldn't find his video-recorder and television because they were hidden by somebody.( )4. David bought a pair of new trousers two days ago.( )5. David thinks he should be in the Guinness Book of Records because none would have such had luck as he had.五、句型转换1. It’s never crowded, _______ _________?(完成反意疑问句)2. It always rains in summer here, doesn’t it?(作否定回答)________, it _________.3. She was feeling very tired. (对画线部分提问)________ ________ she ________?4. I think he is a dentist, _________ _________?(完成反意疑问句)5. It seems to be cool today.(改为同义句)It seems that _________ ________ today.6. That shirt cost him 5 dollars. (对画线部分提问)________ ________ ________ that shirt cost him?7. This dress is too big. She can’t wear it. (合并为一句)This dress is _______ big ________ _______ to _________.8. Do it and you’ll soon feel much healthier. (改为条件状语从句)_______ ________ do it, you’ll soon feel much healthier.9. He’s been collecting stamps since he was seven years old. (对画线部分提问)_______ _________ __________ he been collecting stamps?10. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, _______ ________?(完成反意疑问句)六、作文假设你叫王萍，是某电视台英语频道School English栏目的忠实观众。
新目标八年级下册英语Unit10词汇运用练习题根据句意及汉语提示完成单词1. We will build a new(铁路)here.2. The paper is too hard. I need some(软的)paper.3. The(甜的)food is bad for your teeth.4. The house with a big(院子)is very expensive.5. Mr.Wang is an(诚实的)man. We all believe him.6.My little brother can________(数数)from one to one hundred although he is only five.7. A(世纪)means one hundred years.8.The policemen are still(搜索；搜查)for the lost boy.9. My father(抓住)my hand and tried to comfort me.10. We are(考虑)how to do it.11. It’s a(惭愧)for me not to help you.12.The scarf feels very(柔软的)and comfortable.13.Alice is the oldest(在……其中)the four students.14. We are living in the 21st(世纪)now.15. Please(检查)your paper before you hand in it.16.She wants to keep the old things because they bring back sweet m .17.My family is having a y sale to sell old things.18.I sell the old books because I no l read them.19.She has a terrible m for names.20.To be h , I haven’t done my homework.21. The children are playing in the (院子).22. My father bought my little sister a toy(熊) last week.23. He cut the (木板) into two halves.24. For (某种) reasons, Mr. Li left there without saying anything.25.Jack is an (诚实的) boy, so we all like him very much.26. Too much s food is bad for your teeth.27. — How much is the pencil?— Fifty c.28. Could you go and c if the baby is asleep?29. Look! A train is running fast on the r.30. He is from Shanxi and his h is Taiyuan.31.There is a class ________(会议) on Monday morning.32.We ________(组织) a party for New Year's Day yesterday.33.Many children like to eat _________(巧克力)．34..I felt _____(沮丧) when I failed my math exam.35..Doctor Li gave Bruce some ________(建议) on how tokeep healthy.36.If I go to the party in a t_____，it will be too expensive.37.My parents o______a big birthday party for me last year.38.Kate looks so u___Nobody knows what happened.39.Everyone is looking forward to the sports m________next Tuesday.40.I don't know what to do about my family problem. Canyou give me some a________？41.We should be______(小心) when we do our homework.42.Your teacher is quite ________(善解人意的)，so I thinkyou should try to talk to her.43.When we are in trouble，we need to get ________(意见)from an expert.44.If I become a professional athlete(职业运动员)，I'llt______around the world to take part in many competitions.45.You will not make progress______(除非)you study hard.46.Do you think all parents in China want their children togo to college and get a good________(教育)?47.In new ________(正常的)situation, every Chinese has tofollow the new rules set up by President Xi Jinping.48.This job requires someone with much e________．49.I think the ability(能力) to s________ problems is veryimportant.50.Jerry is an honest boy. Everyone t ________him.51.I hope to ________(旅行) around the world in the future.52.Some ________(青少年) don't like to talk with theirparents，but they usually talk to their friends.53.It's ________(正常的) to feel tired after playing football.54.What will you do if you pick up a ________(钱包) onthe ground?55.Our parents have more __________(经验) than us，so wecan get some good advice from them.56.—Can I use your pen?—C________．Here you are.57.I had to walk 2 m________ to school because my bikewas broken.58.The doctor often a________ us to take a walk after dinner.59.Who e________in my class will go to the movie besides me?60.There are five s________ to finish the experiment(实验)．61.The girl is u__________．And many people like her.62．Could you help me s________ this problem?63．I made a m________yesterday.64．Mary n________gets up early on Sunday.65．Be c________！There is lots of traffic in the street.66. This book is very cheap. It’s only fifteen ________(分).67. The girl has different kinds of ________(围巾).68. I like animals such as tigers, lions and ________(熊).69. I like these old things because they bring me good _______(回忆).70. You s houldn’t eat too much ________(甜的) food. It’s unhealthy.71. I’m tired, so I decide to relax for a w here.72. The 8:00 train to Shanghai is coming. Please go to ther station to meet Lisa quickly.73. —Last year I went back to my h with my parents.Wow, you mean you went to the place where you were born (出生)?74. —Tom is a t boy and we like him.—Yeah! He never tells lies (撒谎).75. —How long have you o this watch?—For two years. Two years ago I got it from my uncle.76. —Mom, can you teach me to c ?—Of course, my dear! One, two, three, four ...77. —Is the library across from your school?—Yes, it’s o my school.78. I like vegetables, e carrots and potatoes.79. There are one hundred years in a c .80. There are many students here. A them, the boy withyellow hair is from America.81. Most people _________(现在) have realized the importance of ahealthy eating habit.82. They sat at _________(对面的) ends of the table, refusing to talk.83. We have _________(某种) reasons for our decision.84. Among the three movie theaters, Xinmei Theater has the_________(软的) sofas.85. This may have happened _________(世纪) ago.参考答案1.railway2. soft3. sweet4. yard5. honest6.count7. century8. searching9. held 10. considering11. shame12. soft13. among14. century 15. check16.memories17.yard18.longer19.memory20.honest21. yard 22. bear 23. board 24. certain25. honest26. sweet 27. cents 28. check 29. railway 30. hometown31.meeting anized 33．chocolate 34.upset 35.advice anized38.upset39．meeting40.advice41.careful42.understanding43.advice44．cation47．normal48.experience49.solve50．trusts51.travel 52.teenagers 53.normal54．wallet es58.advises 59．else60.steps 61.understanding62.solve63．mistake64.never65.careful66. cents 67. scarfs / scarves 68. bears 69. memories 70. sweet 71. while 72. railway 73. hometown 74. truthful 75. owned 76. count 77. opposite 78. especially 79. century 80. Among 81. nowadays 82. opposite 83. certain 84. softest 85. centuries。
Translation Exercises (with reference keys)(for the third grade English majors)Part One: SentencesExercise 1 Comprehension and Expression (1)Exercise 2 Articles (2)Exercise 3 The translation of “It” (3)Exercise 4 The expletive “There” (4)Exercise 5 Passive voice (5)Exercise 6 Nouns in English (5)Exercise 7 Prepositions (6)Exercise 8 Diction （用词） (7)Exercise 9 Amplification （增益） (8)Exercise 10 Omission （省略） (9)Exercise 11 Conversion （词性转换） (9)Exercise 12 Inversion （调整词序） (10)Exercise 13 Negation （反译） (11)Exercise 14 Division （拆译） (12)Exercise 1 Comprehension and Expression1.That’s all Greek to me. 那个我一窍不通。
2.He was up to his neck in debt. 他负债累累。
（或：他债台高筑。
）3.The enemy troops fled in disorder. 敌军狼奔豕突。
（豕shǐ,猪）4.The naughty boy was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.那个顽皮的孩子扰乱别的孩子，所以我把他撵走了。
2020人教新目标八年级英语上册第10单元词汇专练（有答案）一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词完成句子。
1. We all like watching________(录像)at home on rainy days.2. How about buying some________(巧克力)for your daughter?3. The people in Syria want to live a________(正常)life.4 Yesterday I lost my________(钱包)in the park.5. Please________(信任)him.He is a good boy.6. ---Who is _________ (敲击)at the door? ---Maybe it’s the postman.7. There are four _________(季节) in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter.8. I see no light and hear no sound _________(除了……以外) the wind that far away.9. We have the _________ (风俗)to celebrate the traditional festival in China.10.After exercising in the morning, I usually feel quite ________(轻松).二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. These children are all 12 years old. They all dress ______(them)．2. Gang Lan didn't have meals because he was ______(worry) about his English exam.3. He is very________ (care) so he can't find his new pen again.4. We advised him ________(work) hard and get good grades.5. They're halfway to________ (take) a trip to Xiangyang.6. It was ________(care)of Jim to leave the tap running all night.7. He'll ________(certain)die if you don't send for a doctor right now.8. He was ________(worry)about her illness.9. I'm going to have a ________(meet)this afternoon.10. Miss Yang is very ________(understand)．We all like her.11. My father will attend an important______(meet) tomorrow.12. Don't tell it to others, You must keep it to ______( you).13. The girl is so______(care) that she can look after her grandma well.14. We are______ (certain) sure that he can do it well.15. I’m very happy that my son likes telling me his feelings.-I think you must be an______ (understand) mother.16. When we met each other, I held out my hand but he ________ (bow).17. The _________ (north) part of our country is very cold.18. He did a very good job and he was worth _________ (praise).19. It is bad _______ (manner) to speak loudly in public places.20. The boy usually __________ (behave) badly at school.21. Before ________ (go) home, we did some shopping in the supermarket.22. You should return their _______(greet) when someone says hello to you.23. It’s _________(polite) to laugh at others who are in trouble.24. Jimmy is _________(gradual) making progress in French.25. It is very comfortable _________(lie) on the bed after a long work.三、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
英译汉教程课后练习题含答案前言英译汉（或者汉译英）是外语学习中非常基础和重要的部分，掌握好这一技能能够极大地提高语言表达能力，也是进行国际交流的必备技能之一。
本文将提供一些基础的英译汉练习题，希望读者通过这些题目的练习，巩固自己的英译汉能力。
练习题第一组：单词翻译1.Excitement2.Indifferent3.Charismatic4.Obsoletearre第二组：短语翻译1.On the other hand2.In the long run3.At stake4.In the meantime5.Out of the blue第三组：句子翻译1.She has a bubbly personality and always makes me laugh.2.He is the black sheep of the family and often gets intotrouble.3.The company went bankrupt due to poor management andfinancial mismanagement.4.The author’s writing style is both engaging and thought-provoking.5.The city government plans to build a new park to improve thequality of life for residents.练习答案第一组：单词翻译1.兴奋2.冷漠的3.有领袖气质的4.过时的5.奇异的第二组：短语翻译1.另一方面2.从长远来看3.处于危险中4.在此期间5.出乎意料地第三组：句子翻译1.她有一个活泼的个性，总是让我笑。
2.他是家里的败家子，经常惹麻烦。
3.公司由于管理不善和财务管理不当而破产。
4.作者的写作风格既引人入胜又发人深省。
5.城市政府计划建立一个新公园，以提高居民的生活质量。
新目标英语九年级（全）Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands.（Section A）同步练习一、英汉短语互译1、英汉短语互译(1)美国________(2)顺便访问________(3)毕竟________(4)生气；大动肝火________(5)把……擦掉________(6)脱下（衣服等）________(7)握手________(8)for the first time________(9)be supposed to do sth.________(10)as soon as________(11)be expected to do sth.________(12)invite sb. to do sth.________(13)keep sb. doing sth. ________(14)on time________(15)make an effort________二、根据首字母和汉语提示写出所缺的单词2、根据首字母和汉语提示写出所缺的单词(1)Please tell me how to g________（问候）the foreign guests.(2)We must v________（重视）time.(3)I'm used to my e________（每日的）life.(4)The teacher was m________（生气的）at me because I failed in the exam.(5)We must obey the t________（交通）rules.(6)The teacher is using a piece of c________粉笔）to write on the blackboard.(7)Please show me your p________（护照）．(8)The teacher is telling us about table m________ (礼仪）．(9)The fisherman lives on the east c________（海岸）．(10)It's polite to k________（敲）on the door before entering a room.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空3、用所给单词的适当形式填空(1)People in Japan are supposed ________ (bow) when they meet for the first time.(3)I felt ________ (relax) lying in the sun. What a good time!(4)I think you should ________ (ask) what you are supposed to wear.(5)In Switzerland, people never visit a friend's house without ________ (call) first.(6)He ________ (be) supposed to arrive at 8:00, but he arrived at 9:00.(7)Though you failed this time, don't give up ________ (study) . You still have a lot of chances.(8)The main thing is ________ (learn) how to be polite.(9)Remember ________ (turn off) the light when you leave the room.(10)I think his idea is worth ________ (consider).四、单选题4、You are ___________ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored.A、suggestedB、supportedC、taughtD、supposed5、She ___________ some mistakes in her exercises the day before yesterday.A、madeB、had madeC、has madeD、was making6、If the weather ___________ fine, we ___________ have a sports meeting this weekend.A、will be; willB、is; willC、was; would7、Henry will give us a report as soon as he ___________.A、arrivesB、arrivedC、is arrivingD、will arrive8、John ___________ Beijing the day before yesterday.A、arrived atB、arrivedC、reached toD、arrived in9、—Would you mind ___________ in the dining hall?—Of course not.A、not to smokeB、not smokingC、smokeD、not smoke10、We arrived at the station too early and had ___________ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other.A、somewhereB、anywhereC、everywhereD、nowhere11、I'll go to visit my aunt in England ___________ the summer holidays start.A、whileB、sinceC、untilD、as soon as五、完形填空12、完形填空Different people have different ideas about time. People in the USA think that it is 1 to know the time. In cities in America, there are 2 in stations, factories and other buildings. Radio announcers (播音员) give you the correct time during the day. Most Americans also have watches with them3 they go. They want to do certain things4 certain time. They don't like to be late. They think everyone is supposed to do5 on time.But time is not 6 important to everybody in the world. When you visit a country in South America, you will 7 that people there don't like to rush. If you had an appointment with somebody, he could probably be late 8 he might not want to arrive on time.In South America, even the radio programs may not begin on time. The men on the radio may not think it is important to tell the exact 9 . People in South America think that clocks or watches are just machines. They think that you will 10 a clock or a watch control (控制) your life if you do everything on time.1. A. quiet B. useless C. important D. easy2. A. clocks B. cars C. books D. watches3. A. whenever B. however C. whatever D. wherever4. A. at B. on C. for D. in5. A. nothing B. everything C. something else D. some things6. A. such B. as C. so D. only7. A. understand B. find C. forget D. remember8. A. while B. but C. though D. because9. A. time B. place C. weather D. news10. A. put B. want C. let D. expect答案解析部分一、英汉短语互译1、【答案】（1）the United States（2）drop by（3）after all（4）get mad（5）clean…off（6）take off（7）shake hands（8）第一次（9）应该做某事（10）一就…（11）被期望做某事（12）邀请某人做某事（13）让某人一直做某事（14）按时（15）做出努力【解析】【分析】（1）根据汉语：考察短语美国the United States；（2）根据汉语：考察短语顺便访问drop by；（3）根据汉语：考察短语毕竟after all；（4）根据汉语：考察短语生气；大动肝火get mad；（5）根据汉语: 考察短语把……擦掉clean…off；（6）根据汉语：考察短语脱下（衣服等）take off；（7）根据汉语：考察短语握手shake hands；（8）根据英语：考察短语for the first time第一次；（9）根据英语：考察短语be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事；（10）根据英语：考察短语as soon as 一…就…；(11)根据英语：考察短语be expected to do sth被期望做某事；（12）根据英语：考察短语invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事；（13）根据英语：考察短语keep sb. doing sth让某人一直做某事；（14）根据英语：考察短语on time按时；（15）根据英语：考察短语make an effort 做出努力。
Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years.一、单词1.n. 院子2.庭院拍卖会3.adj. & n. 甜的，糖果4.n. 记忆，记忆力，回忆5.n. 分，分币6.n. 玩具7.n. 熊8.n. 生产者，制造者9.面包机10.n. 围巾，披巾，头巾11.adj. 柔软的12.软体玩具，布绒玩具13.n. & v. 餐馆账单；检查14.察看，观察15.n. 板子，甲板16.棋类游戏17.adj. 地位低下的18.初中19.adj. 清晰的，清澈的20.清理，清除掉21.n. 卧室22.不再，不复23.adj. 属于自己的24.n. 铁路，铁道25.n. 部分，零部件26.放弃，交出27.adj. 某一，确定的，无疑的28.至于，关于29.adj. 诚实的，正直的30.说实在的31.conj. & n. 当...时候，一段时间，一会儿32.adj. 诚实的，真实的33.n. 家乡，故乡34.adv. 现今，现在，目前35.v. 搜索，搜查36.prep. 在…中间；在…之中37.n. 彩色铅笔38.n. 羞耻39.n. & v. 致敬，问候；将…视为40.n. & v. 计算，计数；有价值41.n. 世纪，百年42.adv. 依照，按照43.prep & adj. 在…对面，与…相对；对面的44.adv. 特别，尤其45.n. 孩童时期46.v. 仔细考虑，思考，注视47.几乎，接近48.v. 拥有，抓住二、词组1.目前，现在2.以极大的兴趣关注着3.为了4.迄今，到目前为止5.需要6.不再.....7.欢迎来到.....8.察看，观察9.棋类游戏10.最后一样东西11.初级中学12.清理13.不再14.玩具猴15.与.....分开16.说实在的17.骑自行车18.进行庭院拍卖会19.某人的旧东西20.勾起甜美的回忆21.捐赠22.玩一会23.处理，处置24.找工作25.在过去的13年里26. 20世纪中期27.保持原状28.依照，按照29.依......看30.在我那个年代三、重点句子1.那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？2.艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
Unit 101.风俗；习俗2.鞠躬3.和……打招呼；迎接4.v. 重视；珍视n. 价值5.每天的；日常的6.顺便访问；随便进入7.首都；国都8.正午；中午9.很生气；疯的10.大动肝火；气愤11.作出努力12.交通；路上行驶的车辆13.在某处；到某处14.护照15.粉笔16.黑板17.北方的；北部的18.海岸；海滨19.季；季节20.敲；击21.东方的；东部的22.值得；有……价值（的）23.n. 方式；方法(pl.) 礼貌；礼仪24.空的；空洞的25.基本的；基础的26.交换27.特地；格外努力28.使（某人）感到宾至如归29.表现；举止30.prep. 除……之外conj. 除了；只是31.逐步地；渐进地32.建议P73be supposed to doshake handsP74arrive lategreet somebodygreet each otherbe invited to a partynext timeas soon asdo the same thingto my surprisefind outP75pretty relaxed abouta little latevalue the time in our everyday livesdrop by our friends’ homemake plans to doon timeafter allat noonget madmake an effort to be on timeavoid heavy traffickeep others waitingwithout calling firstplan to do something interestingIt’s no big deal.P76go abroadclean… off…take off your glovesas…as possibleone of the best waysbe worth doingtable mannersP77eat with your handsin Franceuse… to do…an empty bowlpoint atP78a bit nervousgo out of their waymake me feel at hometalk to me in Frenchbecause ofmake lots of mistakesmy biggest challengelearn how to behavebe different fromfor examplepretty strangeat firstbe used to sthcut it upeat it with a forkfine it difficult to remember everything get used to itnot…anymoreP80be excited aboutlook forward to meeting youshow upin different situations knock on the doorin my culture。
第十章英译汉练习(一)一、1988～1996年硕士研究生入学考试英译汉试题1. 1988年试题Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient, stylishly dressed, the firm's newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The company was pleased: Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique. (1) Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men inwomen-dominated fields is still small and they haven't attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past few decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social works and elementary education. But today no jobs seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes. (2) These changes are helping to influence some of the long standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do --but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women .What kinds of men venture into these so-called women's fields? All kinds. I don't know of any define answers I'd be comfortable with,“ explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D . of the Wellesley College Center for Research on women .Samo Ormont , for example ,a thirty-year-old nurse at Boston hospital ,went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker. (3) ”I found that work very interesting“ he recalled , ”and when I got out of the serv ice it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical . I wasn't really interested in becoming a doctor .“Thirty-five-year-old David king , an out-of-work actor ,found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(4) In other words, men enter ”female“ jobs out of the same consider action for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work . But similarities often end there . Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact .The question naturally arises ;Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male ? There is also a more and more serious issue. Most men don't want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries, or sewing workers. Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs . To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.There was kidding in the beginning ,” recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am , and when I say 'A nurse' , they laugh at me. I just smile and say, 'You know , ther e female doctors , too .'”Still , there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses. Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(5) Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women--or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows ? It's probably coming--but not very soon .(1)正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没有必要都是男的一样，秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。
(2)这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女可以干哪几类工作的看法，但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些领域的男人来说，无疑也带来了一些问题。
(3)他回忆说：“我觉得那种工作十分有趣，当我退役时，对我来说，去干某种医务工作，似乎是极其自然的。
”(4)换句话说，男人干起了“女人干”的工作，其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样，既出于个人的兴趣，也出于经济上需要的考虑。
(5)我们能否预见这一天：那时秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时，人们不会感到吃惊。
2. 1989年试题When Jane Mathesen started work at Advanced Electronics Inc. 12 years ago, (1) She laboured over a microscope, hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour. Now she turn tends the computerized machinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at rate of 2 600 per hour .Production is up, profits are up, her income is up and Mrs. Mathesen says the work is for less strain on her eyes . But the most significant effect of changes AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there. Before the computerized equipment was introduced, there were 940 workers at the plant. Now there were 121. A plant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work. The AEL example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latest technology, but leave the majority of their workers behind.(2) Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. One corporation economist says the growth of “ machine job replacement” has been with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at pace it is now. The human costs will be astonishing.(3) “It's humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts.” Some workers, like Jane Mathesen, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller, set of workers. The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old status and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they are luckier than those who never find it.The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments make by the government. Unemployment increases chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary ( that new technology will eventually create as many new jobs as it destroys. (4) But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of labour that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labour.” Seymour says. He predicts most people will work only six hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unemployed is for now. (5) Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are underway, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, fora substantial portion of the work force, times are going to be very tough indeed.(1) 她吃力地伏在显微镜上干活，用手工焊制小型电子计算机，每小时能焊好18个。
