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记忆中的乡下老屋英语作文The Rustic Old House in My MemoryNestled deep within the heart of the countryside, my fondly remembered rustic old house stands as a testament to a simpler time. It is a place that evokes a sense of nostalgia, a warm embrace that whispers tales of childhood innocence and rural tranquility.The old house is enveloped by a lush garden, where wildflowers bloom in every season, adding a splash of color to the otherwise serene landscape. The crumbling stone walls exude a sense of history, telling stories of generations that have passed through its doors. The windows, though cracked and weathered, still allow a soft glow of sunlight to filter through, casting a warm and cozy atmosphere within.Inside, the old house is a maze of narrow hallways and cozy rooms. The wooden floors creak underfoot, a familiar sound that evokes a sense of home. The furniture, though worn and outdated, is filled with sentimental value, reminding me of the laughter and love that once filled these spaces.The kitchen is a particularly vivid memory. It is a place where the scent of fresh-baked bread and simmering soups wafted through the air, filling the house with the comfortingaroma of home. I can still recall the sound of pots and pans clanging, as my grandmother busied herself preparing meals for the family.The backyard is a vast expanse of green, where I spent countless hours playing and exploring. The trees provided a shady respite from the summer heat, while the grass was a soft carpet beneath my feet. I remember chasing butterflies, catching frogs, and building forts in the branches of the trees.Looking back, the rustic old house was a sanctuary, a place where I found comfort, joy, and a sense of belonging. It was a world unto itself, filled with simple pleasures and rich with memories. Though time has taken its toll on the house, its spirit remains intact in my heart, a constant reminder of the beauty and simplicity of rural life.。
西班牙电影老宅怪谈影评
【一、概述电影背景及剧情简介】
《老宅怪谈》是一部源自西班牙的恐怖电影。
故事发生在一个古老的住宅里，主人公是一对年轻的夫妇。
他们继承了这栋充满神秘气息的老宅，随后便遭遇了一系列诡异的事件。
随着时间的推移，恐怖现象愈发严重，夫妻俩不得不探寻背后的真相。
【二、分析电影中的恐怖元素】
《老宅怪谈》中的恐怖元素丰富多样，包括幽灵、诡异的声音、幻觉等。
这些恐怖元素成功地营造出紧张的氛围，让观众始终保持紧张感。
此外，电影中的恐怖画面处理得相当到位，既不过于血腥，也足以让人印象深刻。
【三、评价电影导演与演员表现】
导演在拍摄这部电影时，巧妙地利用了场景布局和光线效果，将恐怖氛围渲染得淋漓尽致。
演员们的表现也值得称赞，他们凭借精湛的演技将角色塑造得栩栩如生，让观众对主人公的命运深感担忧。
【四、探讨电影背后的文化内涵】
《老宅怪谈》不仅仅是一部恐怖电影，更深入挖掘后，我们可以发现其背后的文化内涵。
电影中提到的家族历史、信仰等因素，都反映出西班牙文化的深厚底蕴。
此外，电影还探讨了人性、亲情和责任等主题，使影片更具思考价值。
【五、总结电影观影感受及推荐指数】
总的来说，《老宅怪谈》是一部紧张刺激的恐怖电影。
它不仅在视觉上给人
以惊悚体验，还让人在观影过程中思考背后的文化内涵。
The Old Manse in Autumn古宅之秋作者：纳撒尼尔·霍桑兰秀娟来源：《英语世界》2019年第09期【導读】纳撒尼尔·霍桑（1804—1864），美国著名浪漫主义小说家，出生于美国马萨诸塞州，毕业于波登大学。
著有长篇小说《红字》《七角楼房》，短篇小说《重讲一遍的故事》《古屋苔痕》等，其中《红字》已成为世界文学经典，也奠定了他在美国文坛的地位。
诗人、批评家T. S. 艾略特曾评价道：“霍桑具有纯正艺术家所必备的铁石心肠、真诚而严厉的冷静头脑。
”本文节选自霍桑短篇小说《古屋苔痕》的序文，描写的是爱默生的祖父威廉·爱默生牧师于1765年建造的一座古屋。
这座古屋后来被转给普利牧师，普利牧师死后就转售给了霍桑。
古屋见证了历史的变迁和四季的更迭，也承载了霍桑生命中很多重要的记忆。
本选段描绘了秋色中的古屋。
在描写景物时，霍桑将自己关于人生哲理的思考注入其中，凸显其深邃的智慧。
If ever my readers should decide to give up civilized life， cities， houses， and whatever moral or material enormities1， in addition to these， the perverted ingenuity of our race has contrived2，—let it be in the early autumn. Then， Nature will love him better than at any other season， and will take him to her bosom with a more motherly tenderness. I could scarcely endure the roof of the old house above me， in those first autumnal days. How early in the summer， too， the prophecy of autumn comes！—earlier in some years than in others，—sometimes， even in the first weeks of July. There is no other feeling like what is caused by this faint， doubtful， yet real perception， if it be not rather a foreboding3，of the year’s decay—so blessedly sweet and sad， in the same breath.Did I say that there was no feeling like it？ Ah， but there is a half-acknowledged melancholy4， like to this， when we stand in the perfected vigor of our life， and feel that Time has now given us all his flowers， and that the next work of his never idle fingers must be—to steal them， one by one， away！I have forgot ten whether the song of the cricket be not as early a token of autumn’s approach，as any other; —that song， which may be called an audible stillness; for， though very loud and heard afar， yet the mind does not take note of it as a sound; so completely is its individual existence merged among the accompanying characteristics of the season. Alas， for the pleasant summer-time！ In August， the grass is still verdant5 on the hills and in the vallies; the foliage of the trees is as dense6 as ever， and as green; the flowers gleam forth in richer abundance along the margin of the river， and by the stone-walls， and deep among the woods; the days， too， are as fervid7 now as they were a month ago;—and yet， in every breath of wind， and in every beam of sunshine， we hear the whispered farewell， and behold the parting smile， of a dear friend.There is a coolness amid all the heat; a mildness in the blazing noon. Not a breeze can stir， but it thrills us with the breath of autumn. A pensive8 glory is seen in the far， golden gleams， among the shadows of the trees. The flowers—even the brightest of them， and they are the most gorgeousof the year—have this gentle sadness wedded to their pomp9， and typify the character of the delicious time， each within itself. The brilliant cardinal-flower has never seemed gay to me.Still later in the season，Nature’s tenderness waxes stronger. It is impossible not to be fond of our Mother now; for she is so fond of us！ At other periods， she does not make this impression on me， or only at rare intervals; but， in these genial days of autumn， when she has perfected her harvests， and accomplished every needful thing that was given her to do， then she overflows with a blessed superfluity10 of love. She has leisure to caress her children now. It is good to be alive， at such times. Thank heaven for breath！—yes， for mere breath！—when it is made up of a heavenly breeze like this！ It comes with a real kiss upon our cheeks; it would linger fondly around us， if it might; but， since it must be gone， it embraces us with its whole kindly heart， and passes onward， to embrace likewise the next thing that it meets.A blessing is flung abroad， and scattered far and wide over the earth， to be gathered up by all who choose. I recline upon the still unwithered grass， and whisper to myself：—‘Oh， perfect day！—Oh， beautiful world！—Oh， beneficent God！’ And it is the promise of a blissful Eternity; for our Creator would never have made such lovely days， and have given us the deep hearts to enjoy them， above and beyond all thought， unless we were meant to be immortal. This sunshine is the golden pledge thereof. It beams through the gates of Paradise， and shows us glimpses far inward.By-and-by—in a little time—the outward world puts on a drear11 austerity12. On some October morning， there is a heavy hoar-frost on the grass， and along the tops of the fences; and， at sunrise， the leaves fall from the trees of our avenue without a breath of wind， quietly descending by their own weight. All summer long， they have murmured like the noise of waters; they have roared loudly， while the branches were wrestling with the thunder-gust; they have made music，both glad and solemn; they have attuned13 my thoughts by their quiet sound， as I paced to-and-fro beneath the arch of intermingling14 boughs. Now， they can only rustle under my feet.Henceforth， the gray parsonage15 begins to assume a larger importance， and draws to its fireside—for the abomination16 of the air-tight stove is reserved till wintry weather—draws closer and closer to its fireside the vagrant17 impulses， that had gone wandering about， through the summer.假如我的讀者们决定逃离文明生活，离开城市和住所，放弃任何精神或物质上的罪行，也舍弃我们人类种种过头的聪明，那么，初秋便是最好的时候了。
考试必备美国⽂学作者和作品中英⽂名称翻译对照1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard\'s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography⾃传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man⼈的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸⽇上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇⼠——同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野⽣的⾦银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安⼈殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧⽂1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史——美国⼈写的第⼀部诙谐⽂学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡⾕的传说——使之成为美国第⼀个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布⾥奇⽥庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manus利特佩奇的⼿稿;Leatherstocking Tales⽪裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希⼲⼈;The Prairie⼤草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀⿅者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致⽔鸟——英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想——受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer⽩蹄⿅;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似⽔流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世⼈共赏的伟⼤抒情诗⼈——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪⼉;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李——歌特风格；⾸开近代侦探⼩说先河，⼜是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖⽊⼉和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖⽊⼉和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦展开全⽂8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默⽣1803-1882Essays散⽂集:Nature论⾃然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣⾔书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论⾃⽴;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表⼈物;English Traits英国⼈的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days⽇⼦-⾸开⾃由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽⼈皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖⾓阁的房⼦——⼼理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance 福⾕传奇;The Marble Faun⽟⽯雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·⼤卫·梭罗1817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中⽣活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom\'d⼩院丁⾹花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢⼯问题;Song of Myself⾃我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫⽐·迪克/⽩鲸；Typee泰⽐;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket⽩外⾐;Pierre⽪尔埃;Piazza⼴场故事;Billy Budd⽐利·巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国⼈写的第⼀部印第安⼈史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事——诗集：An April Day四⽉的⼀天/A Psalm of Life⼈⽣礼物/Paul Revere\'s Ride保罗·⾥维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇——反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰·格林⾥夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom⾃由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound⼤雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷;Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬⽇⽥园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·⽐彻·斯托1811-1896Uncle Tom\'s Cabin汤姆叔叔的⼩屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗⼤沼地的故事⽚;The Minister\'s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr\'s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks⽼城的⼈们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德⾥克·道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave 弗莱德⾥克·道格拉斯，⼀个美国⿊⼈的⾃述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的⾃由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德⾥克·道格拉斯的⽣平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃⽶莉·迪⾦森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃⽶莉·迪⾦森诗集——"Tell all the truth and tell it slant"迂回曲折的，⽞学的18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）——美国⽂学的⼀⼤⾥程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent\'s Abroad傻⽠出国记;The Gilded Age镀⾦时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王⼦与贫⼉;The Adventures of HuckleberryAdventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王⼦与贫⼉;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur\'s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy ofPudd\'nhead Wilson傻⽠威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的⼈How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事——对美国早期幽默⽂学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运⼉——乡⼟⽂学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼——乌托邦⼩说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading⼩说创作与⼩说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison（历史著作）；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910（⾸提"意识流"理论）Principles of Psychology⼼理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实⽤主义：某些旧思想⽅法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916⼩说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·⽶乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇⼈画像；The Bostonians波⼠顿⼈；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货⾊及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors⼤使；The Golden Bowl⾦碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗⼈和⼩说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays⼩说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914?⼩品集：The Fiend\'s Deligh魔⿁的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的⾦块和⾦粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来⾃空脑壳的蜘蛛⽹短篇⼩说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在⼈⽣中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil\'s Dictionary魔⿁词典（The Applicant申请者）25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉⽶1850-1898Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay\'s Rebellion斯托克布⾥奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman\'s World and Other Stories育⼈的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄⼈27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932The Conjure Woman巫⼥;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻⼦（The Sheriff\'s Children警长的⼉⼥）（the pioneer of the color line）;The Marrow of Tradition⼀脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads⼤路（The Return of a Private三等兵归来）;Rose of Ducher\'s Cooly荷兰⼈⼭⾕中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部（The Return of a Private三等兵归来）;Rose of Ducher\'s Cooly荷兰⼈⼭⾕中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家⼦29、O·Henry欧·享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上⼋下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回⾸往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）（Relativity of Knowledge）;Three Philosphical Poets三⼤哲学诗⼈；Poems（A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty⼩步舞曲：五⼗书怀）;The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk⿊⼈的灵魂（Of Booker T Washington and Others）;The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制⽌⾮洲奴⾪贸易进⼊美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame⿊⾊的⽕焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西⽶连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集（Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克）35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉——诗体⼩说；The Town Down the River 河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的⼈;Avon\'s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺⾥斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫⼈号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat（realistic）⼩麦诗史（The Octopus章鱼,The Pit⼩麦交易所）;A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West⼩麦交易所及其他新⽼西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头⼥郎梅姬（美国⽂学史上⾸次站在同情⽴场上描写受辱妇⼥的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红⾊英勇勋章；The Open Boat⼩划⼦;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer⾦融家,The Titan巨⼈,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟⼤的⼩说）;Nigger Jeff⿊⼈杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906We Wear the Mask我们带着⾯具他是美国第⼀个有成就的⿊⼈诗⼈，被称为"⿊种⼈的桂冠诗⼈"（Poet Laureate of the Negro Race）40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之⼦,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang⽩獠⽛;The People of the Abyss深渊中的⼈们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党⼈;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me⽣命对我意味着什么;Revolution⾰命;Love of Life热爱⽣命;The Mexican墨西哥⼈;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·⾟克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发⿊幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭⼤王;Oil⽯油;Boston波⼠顿;Dragon\'s Teeth龙齿作家）;King Coal煤炭⼤王;Oil⽯油;Boston波⼠顿;Dragon\'s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧⽂·⽩壁德1865-1933（新⼈⽂主义主要代表）Literature and the American College⽂学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典⽂学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor\'s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop⼤主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的⾃传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy\'s Wish少年⼼愿；North of Boston波⼠顿之北（Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval⼭间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）;West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range⼜⼀⽚牧场;A Witness Tree⼀株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson\'s Son饶⾆的麦克斐逊的⼉⼦;Marching Men前进中的⼈们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸⼈志;Poor White穷苦的⽩⼈;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967Always the Young Stranger永远是陌⽣的年轻⼈s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆⽆忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代⼀、⼆;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes⼈民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗⽶机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱⼠·史蒂⽂斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的⼈;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最⾼虚构的札记（Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨）;The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语⾔;Happy Days幸福的⽇⼦（⾃传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁⽉;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963收⼊Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第⼀部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花⽇光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红⾊⼿推车;The Widow\'s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红⾊⼿推车;The Widow\'s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father⿇雀-致⽗亲;Proletarian Portrait⽆产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟⼤的美国⼩说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography⾃传51、Sinclair Lewis⾟克莱·刘易斯1885-1951（美国第⼀个获诺贝尔奖）Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先⽣;The Job求职;The Main Street⼤先进;Babbitt巴⽐特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·⽢特⾥;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can\'t Happen Here事情不会发⽣在这⾥;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays⽂学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don\'ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage⾯具;Polite Essays⽂雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109⾸及8⾸未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems（Dread⼭精;PearTree;Orchard）;The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原（The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon⽕诫;Death by Water⽔边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之⾔）;名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral⼤教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion⼤团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤⾦·奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒⽐⼈之⽉; 多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克⾥斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape⽑猿;All the God\'s Children Got Wings上帝的⼉⼥都有翅膀The Great God Brown⼤神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的⼈来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进⼊⿊夜的漫长旅程/⽇长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories——TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools愚⼈船（唯⼀的⼀部长篇⼩说）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982Towers of Ivory象⽛塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon⽉⾊中的街;New Found Land新发现的⼤陆;Conquistador新西班⽛的征服者;Poems1912-1952⼴播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·⼽尔德1894-1967120 Million⼀亿⼆千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man空⼼⼈;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太⼈（⾃传体⼩说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节⽇;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国⽆产阶级⽂学选集（与⼈合编）⼈合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁⾦⾹与烟囱;The Enormous Room⼤房间;XLI Poems诗41⾸;Viva万岁;No， Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱⽶（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家⾥旅⾏;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty⼼⾥话:⾏年六⼗的沉思;Axel\'s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡（象征主义批判的圭⾩）;The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语⾔协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A（The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money）;District of Columbia哥伦⽐亚⼤区（The Adventures of a Young Man⼀个年轻⼈的冒险;Number One第⼀号;The Grand Design伟⼤的计划）;Orient Express东⽅特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940（迷惘的⼀代）The Side of Paradise⼈间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨⽐;Tender in the Night夜⾊温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇⼩说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵⼠时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五⼀节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像⾥茨饭店那样⼤的钻⽯;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家⼦弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴⽐伦敦 The Crack-up崩溃（⾃传体⽂集）63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云⽯林神（诗集）;Soldiers\' Pay兵饷（⼩说）短篇⼩说：Dry September⼲燥的九⽉;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August⼋⽉之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世⼩说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898-译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile\'s Return流亡者的回归（研究"迷惘的⼀代"的专著）;A Second Flowering第⼆次繁荣（The Other War另⼀种战争）65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（"迷惘的⼀代"的代表⼈物）In Our Time在我们的年代⾥;The65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（"迷惘的⼀代"的代表⼈物）In Our Time在我们的年代⾥;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁⽽鸣短篇⼩说：Men Without Women没有⼥⼈的男⼈;The Winners Take Notheing胜者⽆所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与⾸次发表的四⼗九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932My Grandfather\'s Love Letters祖⽗的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮⼠德和海伦的婚姻⽽作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings⽩⾊的楼房（⾸部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛⽹与岩⽯;You Can\'t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远⼭（未完成）短篇⼩说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969Mulatto混⾎⼉（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎⼠⽐亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple⾟普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold⾦杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men⿏和⼈;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down⽉亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头⼚街;The Pearl珍珠短篇⼩说：The Red Pony⼩红马（The Gift,The Great Mountains⼤⼭;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People⼈们的领袖）70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻⽣涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之⽇;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞⼩说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根（Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末⽇窝审判）;Danny O\'Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇⼩说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party⾏刑队⽂艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism⽂艺评论札记;Literature and Morality⽂学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983The Children\'s Hour孩⼦们的时光;The Little Foxes⼩狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻⾻的风;The Autumn Garden秋园 ;Tos in the Attic阁楼⾥的玩具;The Days to Come未来的⽇⼦;Another Part of the Forest森林的另⼀处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman⼀个事业尚未终了的⼥⼈;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963Waiting for Lefty等待⽼左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy⾦孩⼦;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife⼤⼑;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960Uncle Tom\'s Children汤姆叔叔的孩⼦们;Native Son⼟⽣⼦;Black Boy;⿊孩⼦The Outsiders局外⼈;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men⼋⼈⾏75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906-短篇⼩说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories⼤⽹和其他故事;The Golden Apples⾦苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇⼩说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的⼼;The Losing Battles失败的战⽃;The Optismist\'s Daughter乐观者的⼥⼉76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的⽕;The Admiralty Sprie海军部⼤厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的⼩说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer艾萨克·⾟格1904-1991Gimpel the Fool傻⽠吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在⼽雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴⾪;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，⼀个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇⼩说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989Night Rider夜间骑⼠;At Heaven\'s Gate在天堂门⼝;All King\'s Men国王的全部⼈马;World Enough and Time⾜够的世界和时间;The Cave洞⽳;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的⾎⾁之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞⽣（选⾃与Cleanth Brooks合编的 Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction）逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣⾔书I\'ll Take My Stand我表明我的⽴场80、Tennessee William⽥纳西·威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战⽃;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁⽪屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982短篇⼩说：The Expelled开除81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982短篇⼩说：The Expelled开除短篇⼩说集：The Way Some People Live⼀些⼈的⽣活⽅式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收⾳机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵⼭窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel⼀些不会在我下⼀部⼩说中出现的⼈物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和⾼尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇⼩说选长篇⼩说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal⽡普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧⽂·肖1913-1984Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的⽔⼿长篇⼩说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空⽓;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；Voices of a Summer Day夏⽇的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜⼯;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters83、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914-长篇⼩说：Invisible Man看不见的⼈散⽂集：Shadow and Act影⼦与⾏动;Going to the Territory步⼊⽂学界84、Bernard Malamud伯纳德·马拉默德1914-1986长篇⼩说：The Natural天⽣运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配⼯;A New Life新⽣活;God\'s Grace上帝的恩赐短篇⼩说：The Magic Barrel魔桶85、Landall Jarrel兰达尔·贾维尔1914-1965诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给⼀个陌⽣⼈的⾎;Little Friend ,Little Friend ⼩朋友，⼩朋友;Losses损失;Seven-league Crutches七⾥格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界⼩说：Pictures of an Institution学院⼩景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的⼥⼈评论：Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮⼿之死86、John Berryman约翰·贝⾥曼1914-1972诗：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特⾥夫⼈；The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者（The Ball Poem⼩球诗）;77 Dream Songs;Berryman\'s Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他⼩说：Recovery复原传记：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩87、Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915-长篇⼩说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的⼈;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King⾬王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar\'s Planet塞姆勒先⽣的⾏星;Humboldt\'s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇⼩说：Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller阿瑟·⽶勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星⾼照的⼈;All My Sons 都是我的⼉⼦;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的⼥巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期⼀的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件 ;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop\'s Ceiling⼤主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟美国时钟89、Robert Lowell罗伯特·洛厄尔1917-1977诗：Lord Weary\'s Castle威尔利⽼爷的城堡;Life Studies⼈⽣探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难⼠→⾃⽩诗运动90、J D Salinger杰罗姆·⼤卫·塞林格1919-短篇⼩说：The Young Folks年轻⼈短篇⼩说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇⼩说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters⽊匠们，把屋梁升⾼;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其⼈长篇⼩说：The Cather in the Rye麦⽥守望者91、Betty Frieden贝蒂·弗⾥丹1921-The Feminine Mystique⼥性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的⽣活;The Second Stage第⼆阶段（How to get the Women\'s Movement Moving Again）92、Alex Haley亚历克斯·哈利1921-1992The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯⾃传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇（⾃传体⼩说）93、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966（"垮掉的⼀代"奠基者）The Town and the City镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax萨克斯医⽣;Maggie Cassidy麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅⾏者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut库特·冯尼格特长篇⼩说：Player Piano⾃动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat\'s Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night⿊夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，罗斯⽡特先⽣;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,⼜名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪⼿迪克短篇⼩说集：Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来（Report on the Barnhouse Effect关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告）95、Norman Mailer诺曼·⽶勒1923- （垮掉的⼀代；⽂学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒）裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴⾥海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream⼀场美国梦;The White Negro⽩⾊⿊⼈;Advertisement for Myself为⾃⼰做⼴告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner\'s Song刽⼦⼿之歌;The Armies of the Night夜⾊幕下的⼤军（History as a Novel/The Novel as History）-⾮虚构⼩说;New Journalism新新闻报道96、James Dichey詹姆斯·迪基1923-诗集：Into the Stone钻⼊⽯头;Drowning With Others跟别⼈⼀起淹死（The Lifeguard救⽣员）;Helmets头盔;Buckdancer\'s Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗：Deliverance解脱诗论集：The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923-长篇⼩说：Catch-22第⼆⼗⼆条军规;Something Happened出了⽑病;As Good as Gold像⾼尔德⼀样好剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽⿊⽂;Catch-22;Clevinger\'s Trial克莱⽂杰受审（据Catch-22第⼋章）98、James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987散⽂集：Note of a Native Son⼟⽣⼦的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下⼀次烈⽕;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔⿁找到⼯作⼩说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni\'s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另⼀个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train\'s Been Gone告诉我⽕车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如⽐尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇⼩说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个⼈剧本：The Amen Corner阿门⾓;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先⽣唱布鲁斯/⿊⼈怨;One Day When I was Lost有⼀天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后100、Flannery O\'Connor弗兰纳⾥·奥康纳1925-1964长篇⼩说：Wise Blood慧⾎;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺⾛短篇⼩说集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好⼈难寻;Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的⼀切必然汇合e名⽂：Good Country People善良的乡下⼈;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation;Parker\'s Back派克的背101、William Styron威廉·斯泰伦1925-Lie Down in Darkness躺在⿊暗中;The Long March长途⾏军;Set This House on Fire放⽕烧屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特·特纳的⾃⽩;Sophie\'s Choice索菲的选择102、Allen Ginsburg艾伦·⾦斯堡1926-诗集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation 垮掉的⼀代的宣⾔书和代表作）;Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News⾏星消息;The Fall of America 美国的衰弱103、James Wright詹姆斯·赖特1927-1980诗集：The Green Wall绿墙;Saint Judas圣徒犹⼤;The Tail and Eyes of aLion狮⼦的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断;Shall We Gather at the River我们在河边聚会;Collected Poems;Two Citizens两位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意⼤利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛开鲜花的梨树;This Journey;A Blessing祝福104、Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔⽐1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who\'s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice⼩爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的⽺群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来⾃杜布克的⼥⼈;The Man With Three Arms在臂⼈105、Martin Luther King Jr马丁·路德·⾦1929-1968I Have a Dream;Stride Toward Freedom迈向⾃由;Strength to Love 爱的⼒量;Why We Can\'t Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？106、Gary Snyder加⾥·斯奈德1930- （ecology poet）Riprap⼤卵⽯（Piute Creek⽪尤特河）;Myths Texts神话与现实;The Back Country偏僻的⼭村;Regarding Wave观浪（Meeting the Mountain进⼭）;Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在⾬中:1974-1985新诗集⽂集：Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One⼭⽔穷尽六章外⼀章;The Real Work:Interviews and Talks脚踏实地⼯作：访问记与演讲稿107、John Barth约翰·巴思1930-长篇⼩说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor烟草代理商;Letters书信集;Giles Goat-boy⼭⽺孩⼦贾尔斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开⼼馆⾥（Title题⽬）;Chimera客迈拉； Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书：论⽂及其他⾮⼩说108、Tony Morrison托尼·莫⾥森1931-The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛;Sula苏拉;Song of Solomon所罗门之歌;Tar Baby柏油娃娃;Beloved;Jazz爵⼠乐109、John Updike厄普代克1932-长篇⼩说：The Poorhouse Fair养⽼院义卖会;Rabbit, Run兔⼦，跑吧;Rabbit Relax 兔⼦回家;Rabbit Is Rich兔字发财;Centaur马⼈;Of the Farm农场;Couples夫妇;The Witches of Eastwick伊斯特威克的巫婆们;Tust Me信赖我短篇⼩说集：Pigeon Feather and Other Stories鸽⽻及其他故事;The Music School ⾳乐学校;Problems and Other Stories问题及其他故事评论集：Hugging the Shore:Essays and Criticism拥抱海洋：论⽂与批评诗集：Midpoint and Other Poems中点及其他诗篇⼩说：V；The Crying of Lot 49 49号遗物的拍卖;Gravity\'s Rainbow万有引⼒之虹110、Joyce Carol Oates 乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨1938-A Garden of Earthly Delights⼈间乐园;Expensive People奢侈的⼈们;Them;The Assassins刺客;Childwold查尔德伍德;Son of the Morning黎明之⼦;Unholy Loves不神圣的爱情;Bellefleur 贝尔弗勒;Angel of Light光明天使;A Bloodsmoor Romance布勒兹摩传奇。
西班牙电影老宅怪谈影评摘要：一、引言二、电影概述三、剧情解析四、角色分析五、导演与摄影技法评价六、恐怖元素与悬疑氛围七、社会意义及启示八、结语正文：【引言】近日，一部西班牙电影《老宅怪谈》在我国观众中引起了热烈讨论。
这部作品凭借其独特的恐怖氛围、紧张的剧情以及出色的表演，赢得了观众的一致好评。
本文将从电影概述、剧情解析、角色分析、导演与摄影技法评价等方面，详细探讨这部作品的亮点与特点。
【电影概述】《老宅怪谈》讲述了一群年轻人来到一座神秘的老宅，遭遇了一系列恐怖事件的故事。
这座老宅曾发生过一起命案，而主人公阿德里安（Adrian）则坚信自己的母亲就是这起命案的凶手。
电影在紧张的氛围中展开，让观众跟随着主人公一起探索这座充满恐怖的老宅。
【剧情解析】电影《老宅怪谈》的剧情紧凑，引人入胜。
导演巧妙地将悬疑元素融入其中，使观众在观影过程中始终保持紧张与好奇。
随着剧情的深入，阿德里安逐渐发现，这座老宅中隐藏着更多的秘密，而真相也逐渐浮出水面。
影片在揭示命案真相的过程中，也为观众带来了不少惊悚与恐怖的视觉体验。
【角色分析】在本片中，主人公阿德里安的扮演者表现出色，他将自己的角色诠释得入木三分，使观众能充分感受到他的恐惧与无助。
此外，其他角色的表现也相当出彩，为影片增色不少。
他们在面对恐怖事件时，展现出了不同的反应与态度，使影片更具真实感。
【导演与摄影技法评价】导演罗德里戈·科尔特执导的这部作品，在摄影技法上堪称一流。
他运用了大量的手持镜头，增强了影片的临场感。
此外，电影在氛围营造方面也做得非常出色，恐怖氛围十足，让观众在观影过程中始终保持紧张感。
【恐怖元素与悬疑氛围】《老宅怪谈》在恐怖元素的运用上，可谓恰到好处。
导演通过诡异的音效、突然出现的恐怖画面等手法，成功地营造出惊悚的氛围。
同时，影片中的悬疑元素也让人欲罢不能，观众在探寻真相的过程中，不禁为角色的命运担忧。
【社会意义及启示】电影《老宅怪谈》不仅是一部恐怖悬疑片，更带有深刻的社会寓意。
日本动画短片《积木屋的回忆》，也是一个关于时间和记忆的故事。
在夺得本届奥斯卡最佳动画短片奖之后，这部原先名不见经传的动画片，忽然成了热门。
没有技术炫耀，甚至对白寥寥，“积木屋”颠覆了日本商业动画的细腻和刺激。
却以“温暖的人情”赢得了全世界动画迷的心。
“积木屋”的故事发生在不久之后。
温室效应开始显现，海平面不断上升。
人们为了应对水淹，将房子越修越高。
故事的主角是一位独居在“积木屋”里老人。
在他的积木屋里，掀开地板上的活门就可以钓鱼。
随着海平面的上升，他不断地搭积木似地垒高房屋。
于是，“积木屋”像水中的孤塔一般，载着老人越来越高。
有一天，在加高积木屋的过程中，老人的烟斗掉落水中，顺着开着的活门，消失了。
为了找回心爱的烟斗，老人决定潜回水下的积木屋。
老人跳入水中，向着层层的旧积木屋进发。
随着深度的增加，老人的思绪也一点点回到过去。
不久前，他照顾病榻上的老伴；老年时，女儿回家三代人享受天伦之乐；中年时，女儿带回了她男友，结婚离家远行；年轻时，成长中的女儿活泼可爱，搭船去上学，在积木屋里搭着积木；年少时，他和如今已不在人世的老伴追逐嬉戏，在海水还没有漫过陆地之时，围着大树做游戏。
他们一起搭建起了积木屋，一砖一瓦，开创自己的未来，拉开了积木屋的故事，也埋下如今回忆的种子。
一层层向下延伸的积木屋，就像一个个装载回忆的盒子。
盒子中的一只酒杯，一张椅子，都能牵出记忆的片段。
生命过往中有些不经意的瞬间，回头看来却让人心绪难平。
年少时的阳光，还有那时的蓝天，总有带着香味的温暖。
伞下共同漫步的小径，连接着通向幸福的红毯。
向上筑起的积木屋，催人变老，也将回忆压在身后。
而记忆总是守着我们，在需要的时候，给我们温暖和感动。
积木屋是记忆的巴别塔，一头是起点，一头是遥远。
捡回心爱烟斗的老人，最后在回忆的温暖中，为自己斟满美酒。
就像当年和爱人干杯一样，他再次举杯，面对着五味杂陈的回忆。
深藏在水下积木屋底的记忆，有时也会像一个个气泡一样，悄悄地冒出来，一点点缓缓上升。
美国文学史_作者作品Part 1. Colonial America(1607-1800)John Smith(158-1631)约翰斯密斯 The General History of Virginia弗吉尼亚通史, A Description of New England新英格兰概览William Bradford(1590-1657)威廉布Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯拓荒记莱德福John Winthrop(1588-1649)约翰温斯A Model of Christian Charity基督徒慈善的典范洛普Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672) “Contemplations”, “Upon the Burning of Our House”,” To My Dear and LovingHusband”, In Reference to Her Children”,” The Flesh and The Spirit” As WearyPilgrim”Edward Taylor(1642-1729)爱德华泰“Huswifery”, “Upon a Spider Catching a Fly”勒Roger Williams(1603-1683)罗杰威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience斯John Woolman(1720-1772) “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”, A Plea for the Poor” Thomas Paine(1737-1809) The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;AmericanCrisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau(1752-1832) The Rising Glory of America;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memoryof the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground; The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown(1771-1810) Wieland; Edgar Huntly; Ormond; Arthur MervynJonathan Edwards(1703-1758)爱德华The Freedom of the Will《意志的自由》 The Great Doctrine of Original Sin 兹 defended《原罪说辩》 The Nature of True Virtue真美德的性质; Images orShadows of Divine Things《神灵的形影》;” Personal Narrative”; “Sinners in theHands of an Angry God”愤怒的上帝手中之罪人Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) Poor Richard?s Almanac穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;TheAutobiography 自传Hector St.John de Crevecour Letters form an American Farmer来自美国农夫的信(1735-1813)克里夫古尔Part 2. American Romanticism(1800-1860)Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch 1783-1859 Danasty;纽约外史 ;The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent见闻札记;The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus哥伦布传;AChronicle of the Conquest of Granada格拉纳达征服编年史; The Alhambra 阿尔罕布拉; Life of Goldsmith戈尔德斯密传; Life of Washington华盛顿传; “RipVan Winkle”; “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”;”The Authors Account ofHimself”James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者; Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The 尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者Part 3.New England Transcendentalism(1836-1855)Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔Essays散文集:Nature(1836) -----the Manifesto( Bible) of the New England 多?爱默生1803-1882 Transcendentalism;” The American Scholar-----America?s Declaration of Intellectual Independence; “The Poet”; Representative Men代表人物;EnglishTraits英国人的特征;Henry David Thoreau亨利?大卫?梭Walden, or Life in the Woods; 瓦尔登湖“ Civil Disobedience”; “A Plea for 罗1817-1862 John Brown”; A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers;1Amos Bronson Alcott(1799-1888)Margaret Fuller(1810-1850) :《1843年的湖光夏日》(Summer on the Lakes in 1843)(1844)和《论文学与艺术》(Papers on Literature and Art)(1846)。
The Old ManseTHE AUTHOR MAKES THE READER ACQUAINTED WITH HIS ABODEfrom Mosses from an Old Manse, 1854 By Nathaniel HawthorneBETWEEN two tall gate-posts of rough-hewn stone, (the gate itself having fallen from its hinges, at some unknown epoch,) we beheld the gray front of the old parsonage, terminating the vista of an avenue of black-ash trees. It was now a twelvemonth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergyman, its last inhabitant, had turned from that gate-way towards the village burying-ground. The wheel-track, leading to the door, as well as the whole breadth of the avenue, was almost overgrown with grass, affording dainty mouthfuls to two or three vagrant cows, and an old white horse, who had his own living to pick up along the roadside. The glimmering shadows, that lay half-asleep between the door of the house and the public highway, were a kind of spiritual medium, seen through which, the edifice had not quite the aspect of belonging to the material world. Certainly it had little in common with those ordinary abodes, which stand so imminent upon the road that every passer-by can thrust his head, as it were, into the domestic circle. From these quiet windows, the figures of passing travellers looked too remote and dim to disturb the sense of privacy. In its near retirement, and accessible seclusion, it was the very spot for the residence of a clergyman; a man not estranged from human life, yet enveloped, in the midst of it, with a veil woven of intermingled gloom and brightness. It was worthy to have been one of the time-honored parsonages of England, in which, through many generations, a succession of holy occupants pass from youth to age, and bequeath each an inheritance of sanctity to pervade the house and hover over it, as with an atmosphere.Nor, in truth, had the Old Manse ever been prophaned by a lay occupant, until that memorable summer-afternoon when I entered it as my home. A priest had built it; a priest had succeeded to it; other priestly men, from time to time, had dwelt in it; and children, born in its chambers, had grown up to assume the priestly character. It was awful to reflect how many sermons must have been written there. The latest inhabitant alone--he, by whose translation to Paradise the dwelling was left vacant--had penned nearly three thousand discourses, besides the better, if not the greater number, that gushed living from his lips. How often, no doubt, had he paced to-and-fro along the avenue, attuning his meditations, to the sighs and gentle murmurs, and deep and solemn peals of the wind, among the lofty tops of the trees! In that variety of natural utterances, he could find something accordant with every passage of his sermon, were it of tenderness or reverential fear. The boughs over my head seemed shadowy with solemn thoughts, as well as with rustling leaves. I took shame to myself for having been so long a writer of idle stories, and ventured to hope that wisdom would descend upon me with the falling leaves of the avenue; and that I should light upon an intellectual treasure in the Old Manse, well worth those hoards of long-hidden gold, which people seek for in moss-grown houses. Profound treatises of morality;--a layman's unprofessional, and therefore unprejudiced views of religion;--histories, (such asBancroft might have written, had he taken up his abode here, as he once purposed,) bright with picture, gleaming over a depth of philosophic thought;--these were the works that might fitly have flowed from such a retirement. In the humblest event, I resolved at least to achieve a novel, that should evolve some deep lesson, and should possess physical substance enough to stand alone.In furtherance of my design, and as if to leave me no pretext for not fulfilling it, there was, in the rear of the house, the most delightful little nook of a study that ever afforded its snug seclusion to a scholar. It was here that Emerson wrote 'Nature'; for he was then an inhabitant of the Manse, and used to watch the Assyrian dawn and the Paphian sunset and moonrise, from the summit of our eastern hill. When I first saw the room, its walls were blackened with the smoke of unnumbered years, and made still blacker by the grim prints of Puritan ministers that hung around. These worthies looked strangely like bad angels, or, at least, like men who had wrestled so continually and so sternly with the devil, that somewhat of his sooty fierceness had been imparted to their own visages. They had all vanished now. A cheerful coat of paint, and golden-tinted paper-hangings, lighted up the small apartment; while the shadow of a willow-tree, that swept against the overhanging eaves, attempered the cheery western sunshine. In place of the grim prints, there was the sweet and lovely head of one of Raphael's Madonnas, and two pleasant little pictures of the Lake of Como. The only other decorations were a purple vase of flowers, always fresh, and a bronze one containing graceful ferns. My books (few, and by no means choice; for they were chiefly such waifs as chance had thrown in my way) stood in order about the room, seldom to be disturbed.The study had three windows, set with little, old-fashioned panes of glass, each with a crack across it. The two on the western side looked, or rather peeped, between the willow-branches, down into the orchard, with glimpses of the river through the trees. The third, facing northward, commanded a broader view of the river, at a spot where its hitherto obscure waters gleam forth into the light of history. It was at this window that the clergyman, who then dwelt in the Manse, stood watching the outbreak of a long and deadly struggle between two nations; he saw the irregular array of his parishioners on the farther side of the river, and the glittering line of the British, on the hither bank. He awaited, in an agony of suspense, the rattle of the musketry. It came--and there needed but a gentle wind to sweep the battle-smoke around this quiet house.Perhaps the reader--whom I cannot help considering as my guest in the Old Manse, and entitled to all courtesy in the way of sight-showing--perhaps he will choose to take a nearer view of the memorable spot. We stand now on the river's brink. It may well be called the Concord--the river of peace and quietness--for it is certainly the most unexcitable and sluggish stream that ever loitered, imperceptibly, towards its eternity, the sea. Positively, I had lived three weeks beside it, before it grew quite clear to my perception which way the current flowed. It never has a vivacious aspect, except when a north-western breeze is vexing its surface, on a sunshiny day. From the incurable indolence of its nature, the stream is happily incapable of becoming the slave of human ingenuity, as is the fate of so many a wild, free mountain torrent. While all things else are compelled to subserve some useful purpose, it idles its sluggish life away, in lazy liberty, without turning a solitary spindle, or affording even water-power enough to grind the corn that grows upon its banks. The torpor of its movement allows it nowhere a bright pebbly shore, nor so much as a narrow strip of glistening sand, in any part of its course. It slumbers between broad prairies, kissing the long meadow-grass, and bathes the overhanging boughs ofelder-bushes and willows, or the roots of elms and ash-trees, and clumps of maples. Flags and rushes grow along its plashy shore; the yellow water-lily spreads its broad, flat leaves on the margin; and the fragrant white pond-lily abounds, generally selecting a position just so far from the river's brink, that it cannot be grasped, save at the hazard of plunging in.It is a marvel whence this perfect flower derives its loveliness and perfume, springing, as it does, from the black mud over which the river sleeps, and where lurk the slimy eel, and speckled frog, and the mud turtle, whom continual washing cannot cleanse. It is the very same black mud out of which the yellow lily sucks its obscene life and noisome odor. Thus we see, too, in the world, that some persons assimilate only what is ugly and evil from the same moral circumstances which supply good and beautiful results--the fragrance of celestial flowers--to the daily life of others.The reader must not, from any testimony of mine, contract a dislike towards our slumberous stream. In the light of a calm and golden sunset, it becomes lovely beyond expression; the more lovely for the quietude that so well accords with the hour, when even the wind, after blustering all day long, usually hushes itself to rest. Each tree and rock, and every blade of grass, is distinctly imaged, and, however unsightly in reality, assumes ideal beauty in the reflection. The minutest things of earth, and the broad aspect of the firmament, are pictured equally without effort, and with the same felicity of success. All the sky glows downward at our feet; the rich clouds float through the unruffled bosom of the stream, like heavenly thoughts through a peaceful heart. We will not, then, malign our river as gross and impure, while it can glorify itself with so adequate a picture of the heaven that broods above it; or, if we remember its tawny hue and the muddiness of its bed, let it be a symbol that the earthliest human soul has an infinite spiritual capacity, and may contain the better world within its depths. But, indeed, the same lesson might be drawn out of any mud-puddle in the streets of a city--and, being taught us everywhere, it must be true.Come; we have pursued a somewhat devious track, in our walk to the battle-ground. Here we are, at the point where the river was crossed by the old bridge, the possession of which was the immediate object of the contest. On the hither side, grow two or three elms, throwing a wide circumference of shade, but which must have been planted at some period within the threescore years and ten, that have passed since the battle-day. On the farther shore, overhung by a clump of elder-bushes, we discern the stone abutment of the bridge. Looking down into the river, I once discovered some heavy fragments of the timbers, all green with half-a-century's growth of water-moss; for, during that length of time, the tramp of horses and human footsteps have ceased, along this ancient highway. The stream has here about the breadth of twenty strokes of a swimmer's arm; a space not too wide, when the bullets were whistling across. Old people, who dwell hereabouts, will point out the very spots, on the western bank, where our countrymen fell down and died; and, on this side of the river, an obelisk of granite has grown up from the soil that was fertilized with British blood. The monument, not more than twenty feet in height, is such as it befitted the inhabitants of a village to erect, in illustration of a matter of local interest, rather than what was suitable to commemorate an epoch of national history. Still, by the fathers of the village this famous deed was done; and their descendants might rightfully claim the privilege of building a memorial.A humbler token of the fight, yet a more interesting one than the granite obelisk, may be seen close under the stonewall, which separates the battle-ground from the precincts of the parsonage. It is thegrave--marked by a small, moss-grown fragment of stone at the head, and another at the foot--the grave of two British soldiers, who were slain in the skirmish, and have ever since slept peacefully where Zechariah Brown and Thomas Davis buried them. Soon was their warfare ended;--a weary night-march from Boston--a rattling volley of musketry across the river;--and then these many years of rest! In the long procession of slain invaders, who passed into eternity from the battle-fields of the Revolution, these two nameless soldiers led the way.Lowell, the poet, as we were once standing over this grave, told me a tradition in reference to one of the inhabitants below. The story has something deeply impressive, though its circumstances cannot altogether be reconciled with probability. A youth, in the service of the clergyman, happened to be chopping wood, that April morning, at the back door of the Manse; and when the noise of battle rang from side to side of the bridge, he hastened across the intervening field, to see what might be going forward. It is rather strange, by the way, that this lad should have been so diligently at work, when the whole population of town and county were startled out of their customary business, by the advance of the British troops. Be that as it might, the tradition says that the lad now left his task, and hurried to the battle-field, with the axe still in his hand. The British had by this time retreated--the Americans were in pursuit--and the late scene of strife was thus deserted by both parties. Two soldiers lay on the ground; one was a corpse; but, as the young New-Englander drew nigh, the other Briton raised himself painfully upon his hands and knees, and gave a ghastly stare into his face. The boy--it must have been a nervous impulse, without purpose, without thought, and betokening a sensitive and impressible nature, rather than a hardened one--the boy uplifted his axe, and dealt the wounded soldier a fierce and fatal blow upon the head.I could wish that the grave might be opened; for I would fain know whether either of the skeleton soldiers have the mark of an axe in his skull. The story comes home to me like truth. Oftentimes, as an intellectual and moral exercise, I have sought to follow that poor youth through his subsequent career, and observe how his soul was tortured by the blood-stain, contracted, as it had been, before the long custom of war had robbed human life of its sanctity, and while it still seemed murderous to slay a brother man. This one circumstance has borne more fruit for me, than all that history tells us of the fight.Many strangers come, in the summer-time, to view the battle-ground. For my own part, I have never found my imagination much excited by this, or any other scene of historic celebrity; nor would the placid margin of the river have lost any of its charm for me, had men never fought and died there. There is a wilder interest in the tract of land--perhaps a hundred yards in breadth--which extends between the battle-field and the northern face of our Old Manse, with its contiguous avenue and orchard. Here, in some unknown age, before the white man came, stood an Indian village, convenient to the river, whence its inhabitants must have drawn so large a part of their subsistence. The site is identified by the spear and arrow-heads, the chisels, and other implements of war, labor, and the chase, which the plough turns up from the soil. You see a splinter of stone, half hidden beneath a sod; it looks like nothing worthy of note; but, if you have faith enough to pick it up--behold a relic! Thoreau, who has a strange faculty of finding what the Indians have left behind them, first set me on the search; and I afterwards enriched myself with some very perfect specimens, so rudely wrought that it seemed almost as if chance had fashioned them. Their great charm consists in this rudeness, and in the individuality of each article, sodifferent from the productions of civilized machinery, which shapes everything on one pattern. There is an exquisite delight, too, in picking up, for one's self, an arrow-head that was dropt centuries ago, and has never been handled since, and which we thus receive directly from the hand of the red hunter, who purposed to shoot it at his game, or at an enemy. Such an incident builds up again the Indian village, amid its encircling forest, and recalls to life the painted chiefs and warriors, the squaws at their household toil, and the children sporting among the wigwams; while the little wind-rocked papoose swings from the branch of a tree. It can hardly be told whether it is a joy or a pain, after such a momentary vision, to gaze around in the broad daylight of reality, and see stone-fences, white houses, potatoe-fields, and men doggedly hoeing, in their shirt-sleeves and homespun pantaloons. But this is nonsense. The Old Manse is better than a thousand wigwams.The Old Manse! We had almost forgotten it, but will return thither through the orchard. This was set out by the last clergyman, in the decline of his life, when the neighbors laughed at the hoary-headed man for planting trees, from which he could have no prospect of gathering fruit. Even had that been the case, there was only so much the better motive for planting them, in the pure and unselfish hope of benefitting his successors--an end so seldom achieved by more ambitious efforts. But the old minister, before reaching his patriarchal age of ninety, ate the apples from this orchard during many years, and added silver and gold to his annual stipend, by disposing of the superfluity. It is pleasant to think of him, walking among the trees in the quiet afternoons of early autumn, and picking up here and there a windfall; while he observes how heavily the branches are weighed down, and computes the number of empty flour-barrels that will be filled by their burthen. He loved each tree, doubtless, as if it had been his own child. An orchard has a relation to mankind, and readily connects itself with matters of the heart. The trees possess a domestic character; they have lost the wild nature of their forest-kindred, and have grown humanized by receiving the care of man, as well as by contributing to his wants. There is so much individuality of character, too, among apple-trees, that it gives them an additional claim to be the objects of human interest. One is harsh and crabbed in its manifestations; another gives us fruit as mild as charity. One is churlish and illiberal, evidently grudging the few apples that it bears; another exhausts itself in free-hearted benevolence. The variety of grotesque shapes, into which apple-trees contort themselves, has its effect on those who get acquainted with them; they stretch out their crooked branches, and take such hold of the imagination that we remember them as humorists and odd fellows. And what is more melancholy than the old apple-trees, that linger about the spot where once stood a homestead, but where there is now only a ruined chimney, rising out of a grassy and weed-grown cellar? They offer their fruit to every wayfarer--apples that are bitter-sweet with the moral of time's vicissitude.I have met with no other such pleasant trouble in the world, as that of finding myself, with only the two or three mouths which it was my privilege to feed, the sole inheritor of the old clergyman's wealth of fruits. Throughout the summer, there were cherries and currants; and then came Autumn, with this immense burthen of apples, dropping them continually from his over-laden shoulders, as he trudged along. In the stillest afternoon, if I listened, the thump of a great apple was audible, falling without a breath of wind, from the mere necessity of perfect ripeness. And, besides, there were pear-trees, that flung down bushels upon bushels of heavy pears, and peach-trees, which, in a good year, tormented me with peaches, neither to be eaten nor kept, nor, without labor and perplexity, to be given away. The idea of an infinite generosity and exhaustless bounty, on the part of our Mother Nature, was well worthobtaining through such cares as these. That feeling can be enjoyed in perfection only by the natives of the summer islands, where the breadfruit, the cocoa, the palm, and the orange, grow spontaneously, and hold forth the ever-ready meal; but, likewise, almost as well, by a man long habituated to city-life, who plunges into such a solitude as that of the Old Manse, where he plucks the fruit of trees that he did not plant, and which therefore, to my heterodox taste, bear the closest resemblance to those that grew in Eden. It has been an apophthegm, these five thousand years, that toil sweetens the bread it earns. For my part, (speaking from hard experience, acquired while belaboring the rugged furrows of Brook Farm,) I relish best the free gifts of Providence.Not that it can be disputed, that the light toil, requisite to cultivate a moderately sized garden, imparts such zest to kitchen-vegetables as is never found in those of the market-gardener. Childless men, if they would know something of the bliss of paternity, should plant a seed--be it squash, bean, Indian corn, or perhaps a mere flower, or worthless weed--should plant it with their own hands, and nurse it from infancy to maturity, altogether by their own care. If there be not too many of them, each individual plant becomes an object of separate interest. My garden, that skirted the avenue of the Manse, was of precisely the right extent. An hour or two of morning labor was all that it required. But I used to visit and re-visit it, a dozen times a day, and stand in gratified by deep contemplation over my vegetable progeny, with a love that nobody could share nor conceive of, who had never taken part in the process of creation. It was one of the most bewitching sights in the world, to observe a hill of beans thrusting aside the soil, or a row of early peas, just peeping forth sufficiently to trace a line of delicate green. Later in the season, the humming-birds were attracted by the blossoms of a peculiar variety of bean; and they were a joy to me, those little spiritual visitants, for deigning to sip airy food out of my nectar-cups. Multitudes of bees used to bury themselves in the yellow blossoms of the summer-squashes. This, too, was a deep satisfaction; although, when they had laden themselves with sweets, they flew away to some unknown hive, which would give back nothing in requital of what my garden had contributed. But I was glad thus to fling a benefaction upon the passing breeze, with the certainty that somebody must profit by it, and that there would be a little more honey in the world, to allay the sourness and bitterness which mankind is always complaining of. Yes, indeed; my life was the sweeter for that honey.Speaking of summer-squashes, I must say a word of their beautifu1 and varied forms. They presented an endless diversity of urns and vases, shallow or deep, scalloped or plain, moulded in patterns which a sculptor would do well to copy, since Art has never invented anything more graceful. A hundred squashes in the garden were worthy--in my eyes, at least--of being rendered indestructible in marble. If ever Providence (but I know it never will) should assign me a superfluity of gold, part of it shall be expended for a service of plate, or most delicate porcelain, to be wrought into the shapes of summer-squashes, gathered from vines which I will plant with my own hands. As dishes for containing vegetables, they would be peculiarly appropriate.But, not merely the squeamish love of the Beautiful was gratified by my toil in the kitchen-garden. There was a hearty enjoyment, likewise, in observing the growth of the crook-necked winter squashes, from the first little bulb, with the withered blossom adhering to it, until they lay strewn upon the soil, big, round fellows, hiding their heads beneath the leaves, but turning up their great yellow rotundities to the noontide sun. Gazing at them, I felt that, by my agency, something worth living for had been done. A newsubstance was borne into the world. They were real and tangible existences, which the mind could seize hold of and rejoice in. A cabbage, too,--especially the early Dutch cabbage, which swells to a monstrous circumference, until its ambitious heart often bursts asunder,--is a matter to be proud of, when we can claim a share with the earth and sky in producing it. But, after all, the hugest pleasure is reserved, until these vegetable children of ours are smoking on the table, and we, like Saturn, make a meal of them.What with the river, the battle-field, the orchard, and the garden, the reader begins to despair of finding his way back into the Old Manse. But, in agreeable weather, it is the truest hospitality to keep him out of doors. I never grew quite acquainted with my habitation, till a long spell of sulky rain had confined me beneath its roof. There could not be a more sombre aspect of external Nature, than as then seen from the windows of my study. The great willow-tree had caught, and retained among its leaves, a whole cataract of water, to be shaken down, at intervals, by the frequent gusts of wind. All day long, and for a week together, the rain was drip-drip-dripping and splash-splash-splashing from the eaves, and bubbling and foaming into the tubs beneath the spouts. The old, unpainted shingles of the house and out-buildings were black with moisture; and the mosses, of ancient growth upon the walls, looked green and fresh, as if they were the newest things and after-thought of Time. The usually mirrored surface of the river was blurred by an infinity of rain-drops; the whole landscape had a completely water-soaked appearance, conveying the impression that the earth was wet through, like a sponge; while the summit of a wooded hill, about a mile distant, was enveloped in a dense mist, where the demon of the tempest seemed to have his abiding-place, and to be plotting still direr inclemencies.Nature has no kindness--no hospitality--during a rain. In the fiercest heat of sunny days, she retains a secret mercy, and welcomes the wayfarer to shady nooks of the woods, whither the sun cannot penetrate; but she provides no shelter against her storms. It makes us shiver to think of those deep, umbrageous recesses--those overshadowing banks--where we found such enjoyment during the sultry afternoons. Not a twig of foliage there, but would dash a little shower into our faces. Looking reproachfully towards the impenetrable sky--if sky there be, above that dismal uniformity of cloud--we are apt to murmur against the whole system of the universe, since it involves the extinction of so many summer days, in so short a life, by the hissing and spluttering rain. In such spells of weather--and, it is to be supposed, such weather came--Eve's bower in Paradise must have been but a cheerless and aguish kind of shelter, nowise comparable to the old parsonage, which had resources of its own, to beguile the week's imprisonment. The idea of sleeping on a couch of wet roses!Happy the man who, in a rainy day, can betake himself to a huge garret, stored, like that of the Manse, with lumber that each generation has left behind it, from a period before the Revolution. Our garret was an arched hall, dimly illuminated through small and dusty windows; it was but a twilight at the best; and there were nooks, or rather caverns of deep obscurity, the secrets of which I never learned, being too reverent of their dust and cobwebs. The beams and rafters, roughly hewn, and with strips of bark still on them, and the rude masonry of the chimneys, made the garret look wild and uncivilized; an aspect unlike what was seen elsewhere, in the quiet and decorous old house. But, on one side, there was a little white-washed apartment, which bore the traditionary title of the Saints' Chamber, because holy men, in their youth, had slept, and studied, and prayed there. With its elevated retirement, its one window, its small fireplace, and its closet, convenient for an oratory, it was the very spot where a young man mightinspire himself with solemn enthusiasm, and cherish saintly dreams. The occupants, at various epochs, had left brief records and ejaculations, inscribed upon the walls. There, too, hung a tattered and shrivelled roll of canvass, which, on inspection, proved to be the forcibly wrought picture of a clergyman, in wig, band, and gown, holding a Bible in his hand. As I turned his face towards the light, he eyed me with an air of authority such as men of his profession seldom assume, in our days. The original had been pastor of the parish, more than a century ago, a friend of Whitefield, and almost his equal in fervid eloquence. I bowed before the effigy of the dignified divine, and felt as if I had now met face to face with the ghost, by whom, as there was reason to apprehend, the Manse was haunted.Houses of any antiquity, in New England, are so invariably possessed with spirits, that the matter seems hardly worth alluding to. Our ghost used to heave deep sighs in a particular corner of the parlor; and sometimes rustled paper, as if he were turning over a sermon, in the long upper entry;--where, nevertheless, he was invisible, in spite of the bright moonshine that fell through the eastern window. Not improbably, he wished me to edit and publish a selection from a chest full of manuscript discourses, that stood in the garret. Once, while Hillard and other friends sat talking with us in the twilight, there came a rustling noise, as of a minister's silk gown, sweeping through the very midst of the company, so closely as almost to brush against the chairs. Still, there was nothing visible. A yet stranger business was that of a ghostly servant-maid, who used to be heard in the kitchen, at deepest midnight, grinding coffee, cooking, ironing--performing, in short, all kinds of domestic labor--although no traces of anything accomplished could be detected, the next morning. Some neglected duty of her servitude--some ill-starched ministerial band--disturbed the poor damsel in her grave, and kept her at work without any wages.But, to return from this digression. A part of my predecessor's library was stored in the garret; no unfit receptacle, indeed, for such dreary trash as comprised the greater number of volumes. The old books would have been worth nothing at an auction. In this venerable garret, however, they possessed an interest quite apart from their literary value, as heirlooms, many of which had been transmitted down through a series of consecrated hands, from the days of the mighty Puritan divines. Autographs of famous names were to be seen, in faded ink, on some of their fly-leaves; and there were marginal observations, or interpolated pages closely covered with manuscript, in illegible short-hand, perhaps concealing matter of profound truth and wisdom. The world will never be the better for it. A few of the books were Latin folios, written by Catholic authors; others demolished Papistry as with a sledgehammer, in plain English. A dissertation on the book of Job--which only Job himself could have had patience to read--filled at least a score of small, thickset quartos, at the rate of two or three volumes to a chapter. Then there was a vast folio Body of Divinity; too corpulent a body, it might be feared, to comprehend the spiritual element of religion. Volumes of this form dated back two hundred years, or more, and were generally bound in black leather, exhibiting precisely such an appearance as we should attribute to books of enchantment. Others, equally antique, were of a size proper to be carried in the large waistcoat-pockets of old times; diminutive, but as black as their bulkier brethren, and abundantly interfused with Greek and Latin quotations. These little old volumes impressed me as if they had been intended for very large ones, but had been unfortunately blighted, at an early stage of their growth.The rain pattered upon the roof, and the sky gloomed through the dusty garret-windows; while I burrowed among these venerable books, in search of any living thought, which should burn like a coal of。
